Breeding ecology and nest-site characteristics of the Black-necked Stork Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus in Khijadiya Bird Sanctuary, a Ramsar Wetland of Gujarat, India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.10656.18.7.29261-29268Keywords:
Biparental care, breeding phenology, fledging success, nest fidelity, nesting habitat, parental investment, post-fledging care, reproductive success, waterbird conservation, wetland ecologyAbstract
This study assessed the population status, nesting ecology, breeding phenology, and reproductive performance of the Black-necked Stork Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus in Khijadiya Bird Sanctuary, a Ramsar Site (No. 2492) located along the Gulf of Kachchh, India. Field surveys were conducted from July 2024 to March 2025 using stratified point counts (n = 48 points), nest monitoring, and systematic behavioural observations. All nests were constructed on Neltuma juliflora (syn. Prosopis juliflora) at heights of 3–4.5 m. Active nesting extended from early October (nest building) to late December (fledging). The mean nest attendance per visit was 62 ± 18 minutes (n = 89 visits), and partner replacement during foraging occurred in 94% of departures, indicating strong biparental coordination. Each nest produced two fledglings. Nesting sites were associated with shallow semi-perennial water (0.3–0.7 m), emergent vegetation, elevated micro-topography, and low disturbance levels. The sanctuary supported 21–23 individuals during the peak season, including breeders, non-breeders, and juveniles.
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