Metabarcoding-based diet characterization of the Kolar Roundleaf Bat Hipposideros hypophyllus Kock & Bhat, 1994 (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae) and its peninsular Indian congeners
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.10450.18.7.29196-29211Keywords:
Biocontrollers, core diet, endemic and threatened, faecal analysis, Hipposideros durgadasi, Hipposideros fulvus, Hipposideros hypophyllus, Hipposideros speoris, insect pest, leaf-nosed bat, whole dietAbstract
We used faecal DNA metabarcoding to analyse the diets of the Kolar Roundleaf Bat Hipposideros hypophyllus, and its three congeners (H. durgadasi, H. fulvus, & H. speoris) cohabiting a roost in Kolar District (Karnataka, India). We collected faecal pellets of these bats returning to the roost after the first feeding bout over three seasons between 2021 and 2022. The whole diet of all these species consisted of 7,309 Operational Taxonomic Units (OTU) belonging to phylum Arthropoda. Although no significant difference among the whole diets of the four species was found, H. hypophyllus consumed the most amount of insect taxa (4,114 species) compared to others. The core diets consisted of 48 taxa belonging to 10 orders, 37 families, and 46 genera. A significant difference was found between the core diets, with H. hypophyllus and H. speoris feeding on more diverse insects; diets did not overlap, hinting that the study species are diet specialists. Prey species belonging to orders Lepidoptera and Diptera were abundant in the diet of all four species of bats. The core diet of the Kolar Roundleaf Bat varied significantly between the seasons, with ≥70% intake of lepidopterans in the monsoon and winter seasons. All four species fed on medically and agriculturally significant insect pests as well, indicating their role as bio-controllers in this ecosystem. This study, the first of its kind in India, is an initial exploration of the use of non-invasive diet characterisation for enhancing our knowledge of the ecological interactions of endemic and threatened bat species in sensitive and diverse ecosystems.
References
Achee, N.L., F. Gould, T.A. Perkins, R.C. Reiner, A.C. Morrison, S.A. Ritchie, D.J. Gubler, R. Teyssou & T.W. Scott (2015). A Critical Assessment of Vector Control for Dengue Prevention. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 9(5): e0003655. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003655
Adams, W.M. & C. Sandbrook (2013). Conservation, evidence and policy. Oryx 47(3): 329–335. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0030605312001470
Advani, R. (1981). Seasonal fluctuations in the feeding ecology of the Indian false vampire Megaderma lyra lyra (Chiroptera: Megadermatidae) in Rajasthan. Zeitschrift Saugetierk 46(2): 90–93.
Ando, H., H. Mukai, T. Komura, T. Dewi, M. Ando & Y. Isagi (2020). Methodological trends and perspectives of animal dietary studies by noninvasive fecal DNA metabarcoding. Environmental DNA 2(4): 391–406. https://doi.org/10.1002/edn3.117
Andrews, S. (2010). FastQC: a quality control tool for high throughput sequence data.
Aronesty, E. (2013). Comparison of Sequencing Utility Programs. The Open Bioinformatics Journal 7(1): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.2174/1875036201307010001
Ashrafi, S., A. Beck, M. Rutishauser, R. Arlettaz & F. Bontadina (2011). Trophic niche partitioning of cryptic species of long-eared bats in Switzerland: implications for conservation. European Journal of Wildlife Research 57(4): 843–849. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10344-011-0496-z
Biondi, A., R.N.C. Guedes, F.-H. Wan & N. Desneux (2018). Ecology, Worldwide Spread, and Management of the Invasive South American Tomato Pinworm, Tuta absoluta: Past, Present, and Future. Annual Review of Entomology 63(1): 239–258. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-031616-034933
Boyles, J.G., P.M. Cryan, G.F. McCracken & T.H. Kunz (2011). Economic Importance of Bats in Agriculture. Science 332(6025): 41–42. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1201366
Breitwieser, F.P. & S.L. Salzberg (2020). Pavian: interactive analysis of metagenomics data for microbiome studies and pathogen identification. Bioinformatics 36(4): 1303–1304. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btz715
Brosset, A. (1962). The bats of central and western India, Part I. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 59: 1–57.
Chakravarty, R., B. Srinivasulu & C. Srinivasulu (2015). Hipposideros hypophyllus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T10138A22092730. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T10138A22092730.en. Accessed on 08.ii.2026
Champion, H.G. & S.K. Seth (1968). The revised survey of the forest types of India. The revised survey of the forest types of India. Manager Publications.
Choo, M.S. & R.A. Blackwood (2017). School-Based Health Education in Yucatan, Mexico about the Chikungunya virus and Mosquito Illness Prevention. Infectious Disease Reports 9(2): 6894. https://doi.org/10.4081/idr.2017.6894
Clare, E.L. (2014). Molecular detection of trophic interactions: emerging trends, distinct advantages, significant considerations and conservation applications. Evolutionary Applications 7(9): 1144–1157. https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.12225
Clare, E.L., B.R. Barber, B.W. Sweeney, P.D.N. Hebert & M.B. Fenton (2011). Eating local: influences of habitat on the diet of little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus): Molecular detection of variation in diet. Molecular Ecology 20(8): 1772–1780. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2011.05040.x
Clare, E.L., E.E. Fraser, H.E. Braid, M.B. Fenton & P.D.N. Hebert (2009). Species on the menu of a generalist predator, the eastern red bat (Lasiurus borealis): using a molecular approach to detect arthropod prey. Molecular Ecology 18(11): 2532–2542. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2009.04184.x
Clare, E.L., W.O.C. Symondson, H. Broders, F. Fabianek, E.E. Fraser, A. MacKenzie, A. Boughen, R. Hamilton, C.K.R. Willis, F. Martinez‐Nuñez, A.K. Menzies, K.J.O. Norquay, M. Brigham, J. Poissant, J. Rintoul, R.M.R. Barclay & J.P. Reimer (2014). The diet of Myotis lucifugus across Canada: assessing foraging quality and diet variability. Molecular Ecology 23(15): 3618–3632. https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.12542
Cleveland, C.J., M. Betke, P. Federico, J.D. Frank, T.G. Hallam, J. Horn, J.D. López, G.F. McCracken, R.A. Medellín, A. Moreno-Valdez, C.G. Sansone, J.K. Westbrook & T.H. Kunz (2006). Economic Value of the Pest Control Service Provided by Brazilian Free-Tailed Bats in South-Central Texas. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 4(5): 238–243. https://doi.org/10.1890/1540-9295(2006)004%5B0238:EVOTPC%5D2.0.CO;2
Cravens, Z.M., V.A. Brown, T.J. Divoll & J.G. Boyles (2018). Illuminating prey selection in an insectivorous bat community exposed to artificial light at night. Journal of Applied Ecology 55(2): 705–713. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.13036
De Sousa, L.L., S.M. Silva & R. Xavier (2019). DNA metabarcoding in diet studies: Unveiling ecological aspects in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Environmental DNA 1(3): 199–214. https://doi.org/10.1002/edn3.27
Dickman, C.R. & C. Huang (1988). The Reliability of Fecal Analysis as a Method for Determining the Diet of Insectivorous Mammals. Journal of Mammalogy 69(1): 108–113. https://doi.org/10.2307/1381753
Donkor, E.S. (2020). Cockroaches and Food-borne Pathogens. Environmental Health Insights 14: 1178630220913365. https://doi.org/10.1177/1178630220913365
Eeva, T., E. Lehikoinen & T. Pohjalainen (1997). Pollution-Related Variation in food Supply and Breeding Success in Two Hole-Nesting Passerines. Ecology 78(4): 1120–1131. https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(1997)078%5B1120:PRVIFS%5D2.0.CO;2
EFSA Panel on Plant Health (PLH), M. Jeger, C. Bragard, D. Caffier, T. Candresse, E. Chatzivassiliou, K. Dehnen‐Schmutz, G. Gilioli, J. Gregoire, J.A. Jaques Miret, M.N. Navarro, B. Niere, S. Parnell, R. Potting, T. Rafoss, V. Rossi, G. Urek, A. Van Bruggen, W. Van der Werf, J. West, S. Winter, C. Gardi, M. Aukhojee, F. Bergeretti & A. MacLeod (2017). Pest categorisation of Hishimonus phycitis. EFSA Journal 15(10): e05037. https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2017.5037
Felix, A. (2015). Trim Galore: A wrapper tool around Cutadapt and FastQC to consistently apply quality and adapter trimming to FastQ files. [Software]. https://github.com/FelixKrueger/TrimGalore.
Foo, C.F., V.J. Bennett, A.M. Hale, J.M. Korstian, A.J. Schildt & D.A. Williams (2017). Increasing evidence that bats actively forage at wind turbines. PeerJ 5: e3985. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3985
Gordon, R., S. Ivens, L.K. Ammerman, M.B. Fenton, J.E. Littlefair, J.M. Ratcliffe & E.L. Clare (2019). Molecular diet analysis finds an insectivorous desert bat community dominated by resource sharing despite diverse echolocation and foraging strategies. Ecology and Evolution 9(6): 3117–3129. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4896
Groom, C., N.E. White, N. Mitchell, J.D. Roberts & P. Mawson (2017). Assessing the spatial ecology and resource use of a mobile and endangered species in an urbanized landscape using satellite telemetry and DNA faecal metabarcoding. Ibis 159(2): 390–405. https://doi.org/10.1111/ibi.12442
Guan, X., E.R. Britzke, A.J. Piaggio, D.L. Bergman, L. Van Pelt & R.F. Lance (2020). Genetic assays for guano-based identification of species and sex in bats of the United States and Canada. Journal of Mammalogy 101(4): 970–978. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyaa059
Hammer, Ø., D.A.T. Harper & P.D. Ryan (2001). PAST: paleontological statistics software package for education and data analysis. Paleontologia Electronica 4(1): 1–9.
Hayes, C.R., M. Gumbert, J.O. Whitaker Jr., C.L. Elliott & L.E. Dodd (2019). Spatial and Temporal Variation in the Diet of the Eastern Red Bat in Kentucky. Journal of the Kentucky Academy of Science 79(1): 12. https://doi.org/10.3101/1098-7096-79.1.12
Hubancheva, A., V. Bozicevic, J. Morinière & H.R. Goerlitz (2023). DNA metabarcoding data from faecal samples of the lesser (Myotis blythii) and the greater (Myotis myotis) mouse-eared bats from Bulgaria. Metabarcoding and Metagenomics 7: e106844. https://doi.org/10.3897/mbmg.7.106844
Ingala, M.R., N.B. Simmons, C. Wultsch, K. Krampis, K.L. Provost & S.L. Perkins (2021). Molecular diet analysis of neotropical bats based on fecal DNA metabarcoding. Ecology and Evolution 11(12): 7474–7491. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.7579
Johnsen, J.M., S.N. Fletcher, H. Huston, S. Roberge, B.K. Martin, M. Kircher, N.C. Josephson, J. Shendure, S. Ruuska, M.A. Koerper, J. Morales, G.F. Pierce, D.J. Aschman & B.A. Konkle (2017). Novel approach to genetic analysis and results in 3000 hemophilia patients enrolled in the My Life, Our Future initiative. Blood Advances 1(13): 824–834. https://doi.org/10.1182/bloodadvances.2016002923
Jones, G., K. Sripathi, D.A. Waters & G. Marimuthu (1994). Individual variation in the echolocation calls of three sympatric Indian hipposiderid bats, and an experimental attempt to jam bat echolocation. Folia Zoologica 43(4): 347–361.
Kalka, M.B., A.R. Smith & E.K.V. Kalko (2008). Bats limit arthropods and herbivory in a tropical forest. Science 320(5872): 71–71. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1153352
Kemp, J., A. López-Baucells, R. Rocha, O.S. Wangensteen, Z. Andriatafika, A. Nair & M. Cabeza (2019). Bats as potential suppressors of multiple agricultural pests: A case study from Madagascar. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 269: 88–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2018.09.027
Khajuria, H. (1980). Taxonomic and ecological studies on the bats of Jabalpur district, Madhya Pradesh, India. Part I. (Families Megadermatidae, Rhinolophidae and Vespertilionidae). Records of the Zoological Survey of India Occasional Paper No.(19): 1–69.
Kim, D., L. Song, F.P. Breitwieser & S.L. Salzberg (2016). Centrifuge: rapid and sensitive classification of metagenomic sequences. Genome Research 26(12): 1721–1729. https://doi.org/10.1101/gr.210641.116
Kock, D. & H. Bhat (1994). Hipposideros hypophyllus n. sp. of the H. bicolor-group from peninsular India (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Hipposideridae). Senckenbergiana Biologica 73(1-2): 25-31.
Krauel, J.J., V.A. Brown, J.K. Westbrook & G.F. McCracken (2018). Predator–prey interaction reveals local effects of high-altitude insect migration. Oecologia 186(1): 49–58. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-017-3995-0
Krüger, F., E.L. Clare, S. Greif, B.M. Siemers, W.O.C. Symondson & R.S. Sommer (2014). An integrative approach to detect subtle trophic niche differentiation in the sympatric trawling bat species Myotis dasycneme and Myotis daubentonii. Molecular Ecology 23(15): 3657–3671. https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.12512
Krüger, M., C. Krüger, C. Walker, H. Stockinger & A. Schüßler (2012). Phylogenetic reference data for systematics and phylotaxonomy of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi from phylum to species level. New Phytologist 193(4): 970–984. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03962.x
Kunz, T.H., E. Torrez, D. Bauer, T. Lobova & T.H. Fleming (2011). Ecosystem services provided by bats. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1223(1): 1–38. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06004.x
Kunz, T.H. & J.O. Whitaker Jr. (1983). An evaluation of fecal analysis for determining food habits of insectivorous bats. Canadian Journal of Zoology 61(6): 1317–1321. https://doi.org/10.1139/z83-177
Kurta, A., G.P. Bell, K.A. Nagy & T.H. Kunz (1989). Energetics of Pregnancy and Lactation in Freeranging Little Brown Bats (Myotis lucifugus). Physiological Zoology 62(3): 804–818. https://doi.org/10.1086/physzool.62.3.30157928
Leelapaibul, W., S. Bumrungsri & A. Pattanawiboon (2005). Diet of wrinkle-lipped free-tailed bat (Tadarida plicata Buchannan, 1800) in central Thailand: insectivorous bats potentially act as biological pest control agents. Acta Chiropterologica 7(1): 111–119. https://doi.org/10.3161/1733-5329(2005)7%5B111:DOWFBT%5D2.0.CO;2
Levins, R. (2020). Evolution in Changing Environments: Some Theoretical Explorations. (MPB-2). Evolution in Changing Environments: Some Theoretical Explorations. (MPB-2). Princeton University Press https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvx5wbbh
Lim, A., F.M. Shearer, K. Sewalk, D.M. Pigott, J. Clarke, A. Ghouse, C. Judge, H. Kang, J.P. Messina, M.U.G. Kraemer, K.A.M. Gaythorpe, W.M. De Souza, E.O. Nsoesie, M. Celone, N. Faria, S.J. Ryan, I.B. Rabe, D.P. Rojas, S.I. Hay, J.S. Brownstein, N. Golding & O.J. Brady (2025). The overlapping global distribution of dengue, chikungunya, Zika and yellow fever. Nature Communications 16(1): 3418. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-58609-5
Linden, V.M.G., I. Grass, E. Joubert, T. Tscharntke, S.M. Weier & P.J. Taylor (2019). Ecosystem services and disservices by birds, bats and monkeys change with macadamia landscape heterogeneity. Journal of Applied Ecology 56(8): 2069–2078. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.13424
Ling, N., G.W. Tempero & T. Schamhart (2025). Using faecal DNA metabarcoding to determine the diet of the long‐tailed bat, Chalinolobus tuberculatus. New Zealand Journal of Zoology 52(1): 55–62. https://doi.org/10.1080/03014223.2023.2240711
Liu, Y., M. Si, Z. Huang, J. Feng & T. Jiang (2023). Bats are sentinels for invasive pest surveillance based on DNA metabarcoding. Ecological Indicators 152: 110354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2023.110354
Maas, B., Y. Clough & T. Tscharntke (2013). Bats and birds increase crop yield in tropical agroforestry landscapes. Ecology Letters 16(12): 1480–1487. https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.12194
Madhavan, A., D.R. Patil & A. Gopalakrishna (1978). Breeding habits and associated phenomena in some Indian bats, Part 4. Hipposideros fulvus, Hipposideridae. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 75: 96–103.
Mammal Diversity Database (2024). Mammal Diversity Database (1.12.1). [Dataset]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.10595931
Maslo, B., R. Valentin, K. Leu, K. Kerwin, G.C. Hamilton, A. Bevan, N.H. Fefferman & D.M. Fonseca (2017). Chirosurveillance: The use of native bats to detect invasive agricultural pests. PLOS ONE 12(3): e0173321. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0173321
Mason, P.G. (2001). Biological Control Programmes in Canada, 1981-2000. Biological Control Programmes in Canada, 1981-2000. CABI, Wallingford, 1 pp.
Mauri, M., T. Elli, G. Caviglia, G. Uboldi & M. Azzi (2017). RAWGraphs: A Visualisation Platform to Create Open Outputs. CHItaly ‘17: Proceedings of the 12th Biannual Conference on Italian SIGCHI Chapter 28: 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1145/3125571.3125585
Mendel, Z., A. Protasov, J. La Salle, D. Blumberg, D. Brand & M. Branco (2017). Classical biological control of two Eucalyptus gall wasps; main outcome and conclusions. Biological Control 105: 66–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2016.11.010
Mishra, R. & S. Dookia (2016). Hipposideros durgadasi. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T10131A22090631. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T10131A22090631.en. Accessed on 08.ii.2026.
Mudi, S.D., P. Paul, S. Roy, G.K. Saha & G. Aditya (2025). Fear vs feeding: disentangling the consumptive and non-consumptive effects of Lutzia fuscana on Anopheles stephensi for biocontrol approach. Acta Oecologica 126: 104056. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actao.2024.104056
Painter, M.L., C.L. Chambers, M. Siders, R.R. Doucett, J.O. Whitaker Jr. & D.L. Phillips (2009). Diet of spotted bats (Euderma maculatum) in Arizona as indicated by fecal analysis and stable isotopes. Canadian Journal of Zoology 87(10): 865–875. https://doi.org/10.1139/Z09-075
Phillips, W.W.A. (1980). Manual of the mammals of Sri Lanka. Manual of the mammals of Sri Lanka. Wildlife and Nature Protection Society Sri Lanka, Colombo. 389 pp.
Puig-Montserrat, X., I. Torre, A. López-Baucells, E. Guerrieri, M.M. Monti, R. Ràfols-García, X. Ferrer, D. Gisbert & C. Flaquer (2015). Pest control service provided by bats in Mediterranean rice paddies: linking agroecosystems structure to ecological functions. Mammalian Biology 80(3): 237–245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mambio.2015.03.008
Quicke, D.L.J., M. Ghafouri Moghaddam & B.A. Butcher (2023). Dietary Challenges for Parasitoid Wasps (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea); Coping with Toxic Hosts, or Not? Toxins 15(7): 424. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins15070424
Racey, P.A., A.C. Entwistle, T.H. Kunz & M.B. Fenton (2003). Conservation Ecology, pp. 680–743. In: Kunz, T.H. & M.B. Fenton (eds.) Bat Ecology. Springer, New York, 798 pp.
Razgour, O., E.L. Clare, M.R.K. Zeale, J. Hanmer, I.B. Schnell, M. Rasmussen, T.P. Gilbert & G. Jones (2011). High‐throughput sequencing offers insight into mechanisms of resource partitioning in cryptic bat species. Ecology and Evolution 1(4): 556–570. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.49
Reed, J.Z., D.J. Tollit, P.M. Thompson & W. Amos (1997). Molecular scatology: the use of molecular genetic analysis to assign species, sex and individual identity to seal faeces. Molecular Ecology 6(3): 225–234. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294X.1997.00175.x
Scholz, C. & C.C. Voigt (2022). Diet analysis of bats killed at wind turbines suggests large‐scale losses of trophic interactions. Conservation Science and Practice 4(7): e12744. https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.12744
Serrano-Davies, E. & J.J. Sanz (2017). Habitat structure modulates nestling diet composition and fitness of Blue Tits Cyanistes caeruleus in the Mediterranean region. Bird Study 64(3): 295–305. https://doi.org/10.1080/00063657.2017.1357678
Sikes, R.S. & American Society of Mammalogists (2016). 2016 Guidelines of the American Society of Mammalogists for the use of wild mammals in research and education: Journal of Mammalogy 97(3): 663–688. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyw078
Sorensen, M.C., J.M. Hipfner, T.K. Kyser & D.R. Norris (2009). Carry‐over effects in a Pacific seabird: stable isotope evidence that pre‐breeding diet quality influences reproductive success. Journal of Animal Ecology 78(2): 460–467. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2008.01492.x
Srinivasulu, A., C. Srinivasulu, B. Srinivasulu, D. Senapathi & M. González-Suárez (2025). Bat echolocation in South Asia. Journal of Threatened Taxa 17(11): 27897–27931. https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.9550.17.11.27897-27931
Srinivasulu, B. & C. Srinivasulu (2018). Hipposideros fulvus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T10135A22089934. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T10135A22089934.en. Accessed on 08 February 2026.
Srinivasulu, B., C. Srinivasulu (2019). Hipposideros speoris. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T10162A22099260. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T10162A22099260.en. Accessed on 08 February 2026.
Srinivasulu, B., C. Srinivasulu & H. Kaur (2016). Echolocation calls of the two endemic leaf-nosed bats (Chiroptera: Yinpterochiroptera: Hipposideridae) of India: Hipposideros hypophyllus Kock & Bhat, 1994 and Hipposideros durgadasi Khajuria, 1970. Journal of Threatened Taxa 8(14): 9667–9672. https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.2783.8.14.9667-9672
Srinivasulu, B., C. Srinivasulu, H. Kaur, T.A. Shah, G. Devender & A. Srinivasulu (2014). The reassessment of the threatened status of the Indian endemic Kolar Leaf-nosed Bat Hipposideros hypophyllus Kock & Bhat, 1994 (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Hipposideridae). Journal of Threatened Taxa 6(12): 6493–6501. https://doi.org/10.11609/JoTT.o4117.6493-501
Srinivasulu, C., A. Srinivasulu & B. Srinivasulu (2025). Checklist of the bats of South Asia (v1.9). Journal of Threatened Taxa Checklists. https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.checklist/southasia.bats
Surendran, S.N., P.J. Jude, A.C. Thavaranjit, T. Eswaramohan, M. Vinobaba & R. Ramasamy (2013). Predatory Efficacy of Culex (Lutzia) fuscanus on Mosquito Vectors of Human Diseases in Sri Lanka. Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association 29(2): 168–170. https://doi.org/10.2987/12-6321R.1
Taylor, I.R. & M.C. Schultz (2008). Breeding Season Diets of Egrets in Southeast Australia: Implications for Future Population Viability. Waterbirds: The International Journal of Waterbird Biology 31(4): 593–601. http://www.jstor.org/stable/40212114
Taylor, P.J., I. Grass, A.J. Alberts, E. Joubert & T. Tscharntke (2018). Economic value of bat predation services – A review and new estimates from macadamia orchards. Ecosystem Services 30: 372–381. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2017.11.015
Tee, H.-S. & C.-Y. Lee (2017). Cockroach Oothecal Parasitoid, Evania appendigaster (Hymenoptera: Evaniidae) Exhibits Oviposition Preference Towards Oothecal Age Most Vulnerable to Host Cannibalism. Journal of Economic Entomology 110(6): 2504–2511. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/tox241
Thuo, D., E. Furlan, F. Broekhuis, J. Kamau, K. Macdonald & D.M. Gleeson (2019). Food from faeces: Evaluating the efficacy of scat DNA metabarcoding in dietary analyses. PLOS ONE 14(12): e0225805. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225805
Treloar, S., C. Lohr, A.J.M. Hopkins, K. Ottewell, S. McArthur & R.A. Davis (2023). Scat DNA as a non-invasive method for estimating the abundance of the vulnerable mala (Lagorchestes hirsutus). Wildlife Research 51(1) https://doi.org/10.1071/WR22122
Tuneu‐Corral, C., X. Puig‐Montserrat, D. Riba‐Bertolín, D. Russo, H. Rebelo, M. Cabeza & A. López‐Baucells (2023). Pest suppression by bats and management strategies to favour it: a global review. Biological Reviews 98(5): 1564–1582. https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.12967
Upham, N., C. Burgin, J. Widness, S. Liphardt, C. Parker, M. Becker, I. Rochon, D. Huckaby & J. Zijlstra (2024). Mammal Diversity Database. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12738010. Accessed on 08.ii.2026.
Vesterinen, E.J., T. Lilley, V.N. Laine & N. Wahlberg (2013). Next Generation Sequencing of Fecal DNA Reveals the Dietary Diversity of the Widespread Insectivorous Predator Daubenton’s Bat (Myotis daubentonii) in Southwestern Finland. PLoS ONE 8(11): e82168. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0082168
Vesterinen, E.J., L. Ruokolainen, N. Wahlberg, C. Peña, T. Roslin, V.N. Laine, V. Vasko, I.E. Sääksjärvi, K. Norrdahl & T.M. Lilley (2016). What you need is what you eat? Prey selection by the bat Myotis daubentonii. Molecular Ecology 25(7): 1581–1594. https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.13564
Vickery, J.A., J.R. Tallowin, R.E. Feber, E.J. Asteraki, P.W. Atkinson, R.J. Fuller & V.K. Brown (2001). The management of lowland neutral grasslands in Britain: effects of agricultural practices on birds and their food resources. Journal of Applied Ecology 38(3): 647–664. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2664.2001.00626.x
Wanger, T.C., K. Darras, S. Bumrungsri, T. Tscharntke & A.-M. Klein (2014). Bat pest control contributes to food security in Thailand. Biological Conservation 171: 220–223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2014.01.030
Whitaker Jr., J.O. (1988). Food habits analysis of insectivorous bats. Food habits analysis of insectivorous bats, pp. 171–189. In: T.H. Kunz (ed.). Ecological and behavioral methods for the study of bats. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C.
Wilkman, L., C. Ahlm, M. Evander & O.W. Lwande (2023). Mosquito-borne viruses causing human disease in Fennoscandia – Past, current, and future perspectives. Frontiers in Medicine 10: 1152070. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2023.1152070
Zeale, M.R.K., R.K. Butlin, G.L.A. Barker, D.C. Lees & G. Jones (2011). Taxon‐specific PCR for DNA barcoding arthropod prey in bat faeces. Molecular Ecology Resources 11(2): 236–244. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0998.2010.02920.x
Zhang, J.L. & K.P. Ma (2014). spaa: An R package for computing species association and niche overlap. [R package].
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Bhargavi Srinivasulu, Aditya Srinivasulu, Chelmala Srinivasulu
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors own the copyright to the articles published in JoTT. This is indicated explicitly in each publication. The authors grant permission to the publisher Wildlife Information Liaison Development (WILD) Society to publish the article in the Journal of Threatened Taxa. The authors recognize WILD as the original publisher, and to sell hard copies of the Journal and article to any buyer. JoTT is registered under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY), which allows authors to retain copyright ownership. Under this license the authors allow anyone to download, cite, use the data, modify, reprint, copy and distribute provided the authors and source of publication are credited through appropriate citations (e.g., Son et al. (2016). Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) of the southeastern Truong Son Mountains, Quang Ngai Province, Vietnam. Journal of Threatened Taxa 8(7): 8953–8969. https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.2785.8.7.8953-8969). Users of the data do not require specific permission from the authors or the publisher.
