Journal of Threatened
Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 May 2025 | 17(5): 26985–26998
ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print)
https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.9532.17.5.26985-26998
#9532 | Received 03 December 2024 | Final received 26 February 2025 |
Finally accepted 16 May 2025
Plant composition and species
diversity in Delhi NCR of India
Amit K. Tripathi 1 & Jyoti K. Sharma 2
1,2 School of Natural Sciences, Shiv
Nadar University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
1 amit.tripathi@snu.edu.in
(corresponding author) 2 jyotikumarsharma@gmail.com
Editor: A.J. Solomon Raju, Andhra University,
Visakhapatnam, India. Date of publication: 26 May 2025
(online & print)
Citation:
Tripathi, A.K. & J.K. Sharma (2025). Plant composition and species diversity
in Delhi NCR of India. Journal of
Threatened Taxa 17(5):
26985–26998. https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.9532.17.5.26985-26998
Copyright: © Tripathi & Sharma 2025. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
JoTT allows unrestricted use, reproduction, and distribution of this article in
any medium by providing adequate credit to the author(s) and the source of
publication.
Funding: All the logistics and support received from Shiv Nadar
University, Delhi NCR.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
Author details: Dr. Amit K. Tripathi is currently working as a
postdoctoral research associate in School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Delhi NCR. With over ten years of research
experience, His main areas of interest are forest ecology, Angiosperm taxonomy,
and biodiversity documentation and conservation. Dr. Jyoti K. Sharma, former director of Kerala Forest
Research Institute (KFRI), has been a professor and
HOD of Center for Environmental Sciences and Engineering, School of Natural
Sciences, Shiv Nadar University (Delhi NCR), from 2013 to 2023. He has over 40
years’ of research experience in the field of forestry, natural resource management, biodiversity assessment & conservation.
Author contributions: AKT carried out the field survey, compiled data, captured photographs
and prepared the manuscript. JKS, as a principal investigator, mentored the
whole research work, reviewed, and edited the manuscript.
Both authors approved the final submitted manuscript.
Acknowledgements: This work is part of the research project “Biodiversity documentation of
Chithara Gram Panchayat, Dadri Block Panchayat, Tehsil Dadri, District Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh and preparation of a Biodiversity
Register” funded by Shiv Nadar University, Delhi NCR, India. The authors are
grateful to the Vice-Chancellor of Shiv Nadar University for her unstinted
support during the course of this investigation.
Abstract: The present study provides a
first major step in documenting and conserving the local plant diversity in
Delhi NCR, which witnessed high species richness within a relatively small,
localized area and harbors many high-value medicinal plants used in Ayurveda
and other Indian traditional systems of medicine. The local hotspot areas that
serve as a unique ecosystem for flora are being depleted day by day as a result
of anthropogenic pressure. Hence, there is a need to conserve the species
hotspots involving local communities who always interact with these ecosystems.
The present study documents 272 plant species belonging to 204 genera and 69
families from the Delhi NCR of India. The aquatic and terrestrial vegetation in
the study area was surveyed frequently throughout the year in different
seasons, and plant collections were made. The majority of species documented
were flowering plants, which comprised 216 dicots, 53 monocots, and three
species belonged to lycophytes and fern groups. Fabaceae was the most dominant
family with 39 plant species, followed by Poaceae (31 species), Asteraceae (25
species), Convolvulaceae (14 species), and Amaranthaceae and Malvaceae (12
species each). Genus Ipomoea is recorded to have the highest number of
species (7), followed by Euphorbia and Cyperus, having five
species each. Overall, the herbaceous community of species was greater in
numbers than other life forms.
Keywords: Biodiversity documentation,
diverse habitats, high-value herbs, local flora, rare plants, sustainable utilization,
village panchayat, western Uttar Pradesh, wild plants.
INTRODUCTION
Floristic
surveys and subsequent documentation play an important role in the conservation
of biodiversity (Sharma et al. 2018). Repeated surveys in any area in different
seasons increase the chances of documenting rare and unique species, but the
absence of knowledge about the species present and taxonomic identification of
individual species makes it difficult to assess the richness of plant
diversity.
Western Uttar
Pradesh, within Delhi NCR (National Capital Region) has some demographic,
economic, and cultural patterns that are distinct from other parts of Uttar
Pradesh, and more closely resemble those of Haryana & Rajasthan states. A
major part of western Uttar Pradesh falls within National Capital Region (NCR)
of India and is experiencing rapid economic growth due to intensive agriculture
and infrastructure development; hence, it is imperative to document and
conserve the floristic wealth of these areas before the plant species are
threatened and lost (Sharma et al. 2018).
Very few
studies (Singh 1969; Vardhana 2007; Ahamed & Gupta 2010; Shishodia 2013;
Malik 2015) are available supporting the floristic studies of western Uttar
Pradesh, which come under Delhi NCR. The first major step in documenting and
conserving the local plant diversity is the survey of the flora of that region.
There is a need for proper inventory and documentation of all plants available
in the western Uttar Pradesh NCR region, which will help formulate a
much-needed strategy for conservation.
The present
study has been carried out in Delhi NCR of western Uttar Pradesh. The study
provides baseline information on floristic diversity with some unique, rare,
and new species record that will help in updating the flora of India. The study
also highlights many high-value medicinal herbs growing in the area. The
present work is the first exhaustive study of its kind in Delhi NCR and is
vital for the conservation of local flora and also for increasing awareness
among local people.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Study area
The study
area is the Chithara Village Panchayat including the campus of Shiv Nadar
University, Gautam Buddha Nagar District in western Uttar Pradesh (Figure 1);
it is the eastern part of Delhi NCR. This region falls in the Gangetic plains,
which are one of the most fertile regions of the country and equally rich in
wild plant diversity. Geographically, Chithara lies between 28.516–28.55 °N and
77.55–77.58 °E, and is one of the 56 Panchayats under
Dadri Block Panchayat/Tehsil and covers an area of 7.7 km2. The
village has a population of 7,656 of which 4,098 are males while 3,558 are
females as per Population Census 2011. The village is divided into mohallas
largely based on communities. Gujjar and Jatav communities are prominent in the
village.
Chithara is a
sub-urban area with a semi-arid climate. The climate is typically monsoonal
with three distinct seasons, namely, summer (March–June), rainy
(July–September), and winter (October–February). It experiences the hottest
weather in June, with maximum temperature around 450C. The coldest month
is January, with minimum temperature around 50C. August is usually
the wettest month during the rainy season.
The soil is
fertile alluvial, whose pH ranges between 7.64–9.38 with reasonably good
maximum water holding capacity. Nutrient-wise the soil contained organic carbon
(0.299–0.400%), which is within the desirable range of soils of upper Gangetic
Plain. The village is surrounded by agricultural fields and several wetlands.
The wild date palm tree, Phoenix sylvestris (L.) Roxb., is scattered as
individual trees, in small groups, and in large groves. The village has an
agriculture-based economy, mainly having wheat, and paddy cultivation.
Methods
The
biodiversity documentation of Chithara Village Panchayat was carried out during
2015–2019. Field surveys covered
different types of habitats such as agricultural fields, canal bunds,
roadsides, village streets, wild date palm groves, wetlands, wastelands,
grasslands (Sharma et al. 2018). The aquatic and terrestrial vegetation of the
area was surveyed frequently throughout the year, covering different seasons.
Photographs of each species were taken in the field for identification
purposes. The plants were identified with the help of available floras (Duthie
1960; Maheshwari 1966; Sharma & Dhakre 1995; Vardhana 2007) and herbaria of
the Botanical Survey of India, Northern Regional Office, Dehradun, and the
Forest Research Institute, Dehradun. The specimens of identified plants
were deposited in the BSI herbarium, Dehradun and CESE Department, Shiv Nadar University
(SNU/CESE). The taxonomic identity of the plant specimens was verified
from POWO (2024). The medicinal properties and medicinal uses of each plant
species were studied, and among the list, 10 highly important medicinal plants
were identified, which are known for their outstanding medicinal properties and
are used in Ayurveda and other traditional systems of medicine (Sharma et al.
2018). Plant species with very restricted distribution were considered locally
rare.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The present study documented a
total of 272 plant species belonging to 204 genera and 69 families. The
majority of species were flowering plants (269 plants: dicots—216 species,
monocots—53 species) and only three species belonged to lycophytes and fern
categories (Table 1).
In terms of percentage, 79% of
species were dicotyledons, 20% were monocotyledons, and 1% were lycophytes
& fern categories (Figure 2). There was a preponderance of tall grasses
such as Saccharum spontaneum L., Saccharum bengalense Retz., and Phragmites
karka (Retz.) Trin. ex Steud., particularly in the wetland areas, which is
very typical of uncultivated lands in the region of Gangetic plains.
Previously published study
reveals that the flora of Delhi had been extensively explored by Maheshwari
(1963) who reported a total of 531 species from the region (Table 2). The
present study reported 272 plant species (Table 1), which look-like small in
number with respect to earlier work, but in terms of the geographic area, it is
a very high proportion, which is only 7.7 km2 in comparison to large
geographical area of NCT of Delhi (1,483 km2).
Documentation of such a large
number of species, which constitutes about 50% of flora of Delhi in such a
small geographical area, clearly showed that the diverse habitats such as
agricultural fields, roadsides, village streets, wetlands, canal bunds, wastelands,
grasslands, and wild date palm groves, in the study area contributed to the
rich plant diversity coupled with fertile soil conditions. The study area
recorded many medicinal herbs growing as weeds (Tripathi et al. 2019).
Sometimes, medicinal herbs growing as weeds contribute significantly to enhance
the local plant diversity (Tripathi et al. 2020). The study area witnessed some
prominent groves of wild date palms P. sylvestris associated with some
other trees, herbs, and shrubs.
The floristic diversity in Delhi,
and the National Capital Region (NCR) under western Uttar Pradesh was studied
from time to time (Maheshwari 1963; Singh 1969; Vardhana 2007; Ahamed &
Gupta 2010; Shishodia 2013; Malik 2015) (Table 2). Compared to all these
studies carried out in a specific area/district , the
present study has been carried out in a village panchayat in Delhi NCR
encompassing high plant diversity.
Family and genera dominance
With respect to families,
Fabaceae was the most dominant with 39 plant species followed by Poaceae (31
species), Asteraceae (25 species), Convolvulaceae (14 species), and
Amaranthaceae & Malvaceae (12 species each) (Figure 3). Euphorbiaceae &
Solanaceae contributed eight species each, while Cyperaceae & Brassicaceae
had seven, and six species, respectively. These families contributed
approximately 60% of total plants. The dominance of these families was also
reported by various authors (Duthie 1960; Vardhana 2007). Out of 272 vascular
plant species, dicotyledons were represented by 56 families, 160 genera, 216
species; monocotyledons by 10 families, 41 genera, 53 species, and lycophytes
& fern by three families, three genera, and three species (Figure 4). Among
the dicots, the most dominant family was Fabaceae represented by 24 genera, and
39 species. Of the 10 families represented in monocotyledons, Poaceae was the
most versatile family with the highest number of species belonging to 25 genera
and 31 species, contributing more than 50 % species of the total monocots
(Table 1). Genus Ipomoea had the highest number of seven species. This
was followed by Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae) and Cyperus
(Cyperaceae) having five species each. There were 46 genera under 23 families
with at least two species each. Fourteen families had a single species each
while six families had two species each.
Medicinally important plants
The study area witnessed many
high-value medicinal plants that play a specific role in ayurveda and other
systems of medicine. The list includes Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst. (Brahmi),
Boerhavia diffusa L. (Punarnava), Cannabis sativa L. (Bhang), Cissampelos
pareira L. (Patha), Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt (Kundru),
Eclipta prostrata (L.) L. (Bhringaraj), Euphorbia hirta L.
(Bari Dudhi), Justicia adhatoda L. (Arus), Sida cordifolia L.
(Bala), Solanum americanum Mill (Makoy), Tribulus terrestris L.
(Gokhru), and Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal (Ashwagandha) which were
found to be very important as they possess medicinal properties for treating a
large number of diseases in traditional system of medicines in India and other
parts of the world (Image 1). The whole plant, including root, stem, and leaves
is utilized traditionally for curing various ailments such as abdominal pain,
anxiety, cold, cough, bronchitis, asthma, diarrhea & dysentery, dull
memory, epilepsy, eye troubles, fever, inflammation, jaundice, rheumatism, skin
diseases, cardiovascular problems, sexual dysfunction, and various urinary
disorders (Sharma et al. 2018). These plants have been reported to contain
numerous important phytochemicals such as alkanes, amino acids, flavonoids,
organic acids, polyphenolic compounds, steroids, tannins, and terpenes, which
qualify their various medicinal properties (Tripathi et al. 2020). Certain
plant species have been reported to yield potent drugs such as vasicine and
vasicinone in Justicia adhatoda, punarnavine in Boerhavia
diffusa, bacosoids in Bacopa monnieri, protodioscin in
Tribulus terrestris and withanolides in Withania somnifera (Sharma
et al. 2018). Sustainable utilization and conservation of these multi-purpose
herbs for medicinal purposes is inevitable. Globally, traditional medicine,
mostly herbal medicine, is known as a major healthcare provider in rural as
well as remote areas, and a large number of people in developing, and
underdeveloped countries depend on such medicine for their health (Sen &
Chakraborty 2017).
Rare and newly recorded species
The species whose occurrence was
very restricted and found only at one or two sites were considered rare
species. Among the list, three species, such as Crateva adansonii subsp.
odora (Buch.-Ham.) Jacobs, Mitragyna
parviflora (Roxb.) Korth., and Streblus asper Lour. were rare
occurrences in the study area.
The survey documented a few
unique species, which were recorded for the first time in this region, such as Rumex
hypogaeus T.M.Schust. & Reveal (earlier Emex
australis Steinh.), Phyllanthus tenellus Roxb., Equisetum
ramosissimum Desf., and Symphyotrichum squamatum (Spreng.) G.L.Nesom. R. hypogaeus belonging to family
Polygonaceae, was found growing gregariously in a few places on the SNU campus
of the Chithara village and it was a new record for Uttar Pradesh and upper
Gangetic plains (Tripathi et al. 2018). P. tenellus (Phyllanthaceae), an
annual herb that is common in southern India, has expanded its distribution to
northern India. E. ramosissimum (ssp. ramosissimum and ssp. debile)
was also recorded from the study area; both subspecies
were found for the first time from western Uttar Pradesh and NCR Delhi (Sharma
et al. 2018). In addition, S. squamatum, an erect herb of the
Asteraceae, was also recorded for the first time in India from the study area
(Tripathi & Sharma 2019).
As a result of repeated surveys
in different seasons in heterogeneous habitats of the study area, including
agricultural fields, wetlands, canal bunds, wild date palm groves, and
roadsides, it became possible to document many rare, and new record species.
Due to anthropogenic pressure, the local hotspot areas for biodiversity, such
as wild date palm groves & wetlands, which provide habitat to numerous
species, are being depleted day by day. Therefore, there is a need to conserve
the species hotspots and to create general awareness among local communities.
CONCLUSION
As a first step towards
conservation and sustainable utilization of biodiversity, work on biodiversity
documentation was undertaken in Chithara Village Panchayat, where so far no efforts have been made to prepare the People’s
Biodiversity Register as mandated in the Biological Diversity Act (2002). The
extensive floristic survey of the village resulted in high species richness,
which represents the diversity within a relatively small, localized area with potentially
varied habitats within it. A rise in anthropogenic disturbances could threaten
important plant habitats in the future, hence, local hotspot areas, such as
wetlands, and wild date palm groves that serve as a unique ecosystem for flora
and fauna, should be restored and community-based conservation and management
of flora need to be emphasized since local communities always interact with
village ecosystems. The study indicates that rural India remains rich in wild
plant diversity, including high-value medicinal herbs, and may still harbor
many unrecorded species. Hence, long-term, extensive documentation of flora at
the village panchayat level should be prioritized.
Table 1.
List of the plant species in Chithara Village Panchayat, Delhi NCR.
|
|
Botanical name |
Family |
Vernacular/ Common name |
Herbarium catalogue no. |
|
|
Herbs |
|
|
|
|
1 |
Achyranthes aspera L. |
Amaranthaceae |
Chirchita, Latjira |
SNU/CESE/188 |
|
2 |
Acmella paniculata (Wall. ex DC.) R.K.Jansen |
Asteraceae |
Toothache Plant |
SNU/CESE/277 |
|
3 |
Ageratum conyzoides (L.) L. |
Asteraceae |
Billygoat-weed |
SNU/CESE/073 |
|
4 |
Ageratum houstonianum Mill. |
Asteraceae |
Floss Flower |
SNU/CESE/422 |
|
5 |
Alhagi maurorum Medik. |
Fabaceae |
Camelthorn-bush |
SNU/CESE/435 |
|
6 |
Alternanthera paronychioides A.St.-Hil. |
Amaranthaceae |
Smooth Chaff Flower |
SNU/CESE/392 |
|
7 |
Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb. |
Amaranthaceae |
Alligator Weed |
SNU/CESE/285 |
|
8 |
Alternanthera pungens (Kunth) |
Amaranthaceae |
Chaff-Flower |
SNU/CESE/101 |
|
9 |
Alternanthera sessilis (L.) R.Br. ex DC. |
Amaranthaceae |
Sessile Joyweed |
SNU/CESE/152 |
|
10 |
Alysicarpus monilifer (L.) DC. |
Fabaceae |
Necklace-pod Alyce Clover |
SNU/CESE/130 |
|
11 |
Alysicarpus vaginalis (L.) DC. |
Fabaceae |
Alyce Clover |
SNU/CESE/159 |
|
12 |
Amaranthus viridis L. |
Amaranthaceae |
Jangali Chaulai |
SNU/CESE/002 |
|
13 |
Ammannia baccifera L. |
Lythraceae |
Blistering Ammannia |
SNU/CESE/236 |
|
14 |
Anisomeles indica (L.) Kuntze |
Lamiaceae |
Kala Bhangra |
SNU/CESE/251 |
|
15 |
Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. |
Brassicaceae |
Thale Cress |
SNU/CESE/316 |
|
16 |
Arenaria serpyllifolia L. |
Caryophyllaceae |
Thyme-leaved Sandwort |
SNU/CESE/362 |
|
17 |
Argemone mexicana L. |
Papaveraceae |
Satyanashi |
SNU/CESE/038 |
|
18 |
Artemisia scoparia Waldst. &
Kitam. |
Asteraceae |
Redstem Wormwood |
SNU/CESE/168 |
|
19 |
Avena sterilis L. |
Poaceae |
Jangali Jai |
SNU/CESE/325 |
|
20 |
Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst. |
Plantaginaceae |
Water Hyssop (Brahmi) |
SNU/CESE/220 |
|
21 |
Barleria prionitis L. |
Acanthaceae |
Vajradanti |
SNU/CESE/300 |
|
22 |
Bidens pilosa L. |
Asteraceae |
Black-jack |
SNU/CESE/071 |
|
23 |
Blainvillea acmella (L.) Philipson |
Asteraceae |
Para Cress Flower |
SNU/CESE/208 |
|
24 |
Blumea laciniata (Wall. ex
Roxb.) DC. |
Asteraceae |
Cutleaf Blumea |
SNU/CESE/423 |
|
25 |
Blumea obliqua (L.) Druce |
Asteraceae |
Common Floss Flower |
SNU/CESE/269 |
|
26 |
Blumea viscosa (Mill.) V.M.Badillo |
Asteraceae |
Sticky Blumea |
SNU/CESE/427 |
|
27 |
Boerhavia diffusa L. |
Nyctaginaceae |
Punarnava |
SNU/CESE/341 |
|
28 |
Brachiaria ramosa (L.) Stapf |
Poaceae |
Browntop Millet |
SNU/CESE/190 |
|
29 |
Brachiaria reptans (L.) C.A.Gardner & C.E.Hubb. |
Poaceae |
Running Grass |
SNU/CESE/085 |
|
30 |
Caesulia axillaris Roxb. |
Asteraceae |
Pink Node Flower |
SNU/CESE/280 |
|
31 |
Cannabis sativa L. |
Cannabaceae |
Bhang |
SNU/CESE/148 |
|
32 |
Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik. |
Brassicaceae |
Shepherd’s Purse |
SNU/CESE/317 |
|
33 |
Cardamine hirsuta L. |
Brassicaceae |
Hairy Bitter Cress |
SNU/CESE/292 |
|
34 |
Carthamus oxyacantha M.Bieb. |
Asteraceae |
Wild Safflower |
SNU/CESE/434 |
|
35 |
Celosia argentea L. |
Amaranthaceae |
Safed Murga |
SNU/CESE/054 |
|
36 |
Cenchrus ciliaris L. |
Poaceae |
Buffel Grass |
SNU/CESE/346 |
|
37 |
Centaurium pulchellum (Sw.) Druce |
Gentianaceae |
Pink Centaury |
SNU/CESE/349 |
|
38 |
Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. |
Apiaceae |
Indian Pennywort (Brahmi) |
SNU/CESE/383 |
|
39 |
Ceratophyllum demersum L. |
Ceratophyllaceae |
Coon’s Tail |
SNU/CESE/353 |
|
40 |
Chenopodium album L. |
Amaranthaceae |
Bathua |
SNU/CESE/304 |
|
41 |
Chenopodium murale L. |
Amaranthaceae |
Jangali Bathua |
SNU/CESE/416 |
|
42 |
Chloris barbata Sw. |
Poaceae |
Feather Finger Grass |
SNU/CESE/439 |
|
43 |
Chrysopogon zizanioides (L.) Roberty |
Poaceae |
Khas-khas |
SNU/CESE/386 |
|
44 |
Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. |
Asteraceae |
Creeping Thistle |
SNU/CESE/347 |
|
45 |
Cleome viscosa L. |
Cleomaceae |
Pili Hurhur |
SNU/CESE/030 |
|
46 |
Commelina benghalensis L. |
Commelinaceae |
Kankawwa |
SNU/CESE/231 |
|
47 |
Commelina forskaolii Vahl |
Commelinaceae |
Kankawwa |
SNU/CESE/089 |
|
48 |
Convolvulus prostratus Forssk. |
Convolvulaceae |
Shankhpushpi |
SNU/CESE/343 |
|
49 |
Corchorus aestuans L. |
Malvaceae |
Chonch |
SNU/CESE/077 |
|
50 |
Corchorus olitorius L. |
Malvaceae |
Pat-Sag |
SNU/CESE/384 |
|
51 |
Corchorus tridens L. |
Malvaceae |
Horn-fruited Jute |
SNU/CESE/061 |
|
52 |
Crotalaria medicaginea Lam. |
Fabaceae |
Trefoil Rattlepod |
SNU/CESE/045 |
|
53 |
Crotalaria mysorensis Roth |
Fabaceae |
Mysore Rattlepod |
SNU/CESE/209 |
|
54 |
Croton bonplandianus Baill. |
Euphorbiaceae |
Ban Tulsi |
SNU/CESE/005 |
|
55 |
Cyanotis axillaris (L.) D.Don ex Sweet |
Commelinaceae |
Kana |
SNU/CESE/174 |
|
56 |
Cyanthillium cinereum (L.) H.Rob. |
Asteraceae |
Sahadevi |
SNU/CESE/193 |
|
57 |
Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. |
Poaceae |
Doob |
SNU/CESE/006 |
|
58 |
Cyperus alopecuroides Rottb. |
Cyperaceae |
Foxtail Flatsedge |
SNU/CESE/118 |
|
59 |
Cyperus compressus L. |
Cyperaceae |
Mothi |
SNU/CESE/387 |
|
60 |
Cyperus difformis L. |
Cyperaceae |
Small-Flowered Nutsedge |
SNU/CESE/047 |
|
61 |
Cyperus iria L. |
Cyperaceae |
Rice Flatsedge |
SNU/CESE/385 |
|
62 |
Cyperus rotundus L. |
Cyperaceae |
Motha |
SNU/CESE/019 |
|
63 |
Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) Willd. |
Poaceae |
Makra Ghas |
SNU/CESE/048 |
|
64 |
Datura innoxia Mill. |
Solanaceae |
Safed Dhatura |
SNU/CESE/007 |
|
65 |
Desmodium gangeticum (L.) DC. |
Fabaceae |
Shalaparni |
SNU/CESE/175 |
|
66 |
Desmodium triflorum (L.) DC. |
Fabaceae |
Tipatiya |
SNU/CESE/218 |
|
67 |
Desmostachya bipinnata (L.) Stapf |
Poaceae |
Dabh, Kush |
SNU/CESE/367 |
|
68 |
Dichanthium annulatum (Forssk.) Stapf |
Poaceae |
Marvel Grass |
SNU/CESE/391 |
|
69 |
Digera muricata (L.) Mart. |
Amaranthaceae |
Lahsuva |
SNU/CESE/368 |
|
70 |
Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koeler |
Poaceae |
Wild Crabgrass |
SNU/CESE/194 |
|
71 |
Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin
& Clemants |
Amaranthaceae |
Sugandha Vastooka |
SNU/CESE/096 |
|
72 |
Echinochloa colona (L.) Link |
Poaceae |
Shama |
SNU/CESE/136 |
|
73 |
Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P.Beauv. |
Poaceae |
Sanwak |
SNU/CESE/371 |
|
74 |
Eclipta prostrata (L.) L. |
Asteraceae |
Bhringaraj |
SNU/CESE/021 |
|
75 |
Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms |
Pontederiaceae |
Jal Kumbhi |
SNU/CESE/232 |
|
76 |
Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. |
Poaceae |
Jangali Marua |
SNU/CESE/112 |
|
77 |
Eragrostis amabilis (L.) Wight &
Arn. |
Poaceae |
Bharbhusi |
SNU/CESE/393 |
|
78 |
Eragrostis japonica (Thunb.) Trin. |
Poaceae |
Pond Lovegrass |
SNU/CESE/242 |
|
79 |
Erigeron bonariensis L. |
Asteraceae |
Flax-leaf Fleabane |
SNU/CESE/100 |
|
80 |
Eriochloa procera (Retz.) C.E.Hubb. |
Poaceae |
Tropical Cupgrass |
SNU/CESE/401 |
|
81 |
Euphorbia heterophylla L. |
Euphorbiaceae |
Lesser Green Poinsettia |
SNU/CESE/273 |
|
82 |
Euphorbia hirta L. |
Euphorbiaceae |
Bari Dudhi, Asthma Weed |
SNU/CESE/051 |
|
83 |
Euphorbia hypericifolia L. |
Euphorbiaceae |
Dudh Mogra |
SNU/CESE/196 |
|
84 |
Euphorbia prostrata Aiton |
Euphorbiaceae |
Choti Dudhi |
SNU/CESE/008 |
|
85 |
Euphorbia serpens Kunth |
Euphorbiaceae |
Dudhi |
SNU/CESE/004 |
|
86 |
Evolvulus nummularius (L.) L. |
Convolvulaceae |
Musakarni |
SNU/CESE/394 |
|
87 |
Fimbristylis dichotoma (L.) Vahl |
Cyperaceae |
Tall Fringe Rush |
SNU/CESE/124 |
|
88 |
Fimbristylis ferruginea (L.) Vahl |
Cyperaceae |
West Indian Fimbry |
SNU/CESE/079 |
|
89 |
Fumaria indica (Hausskn.) Pugsley |
Papaveraceae |
Pittpapra |
SNU/CESE/307 |
|
90 |
Gnaphalium purpureum L. |
Asteraceae |
Purple Cudweed |
SNU/CESE/319 |
|
91 |
Gomphrena celosioides Mart. |
Amaranthaceae |
Prostrate Globe-amaranth |
SNU/CESE/062 |
|
92 |
Gonostegia pentandra (Roxb.) Miq. |
Urticaceae |
Narrow-Leaf Pouzolz's Bush |
SNU/CESE/097 |
|
93 |
Grangea maderaspatana (L.) Poir. |
Asteraceae |
Mustaru |
SNU/CESE/358 |
|
94 |
Heliotropium ellipticum Ledeb. |
Boraginaceae |
Hathisund |
SNU/CESE/010 |
|
95 |
Hemarthria compressa (L.f.) R.Br. |
Poaceae |
Whip Grass |
SNU/CESE/125 |
|
96 |
Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle |
Hydrocharitaceae |
Hydrilla |
SNU/CESE/354 |
|
97 |
Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lam. |
Araliaceae |
Lawn Pennywort |
SNU/CESE/126 |
|
98 |
Mesosphaerum suaveolens (L.) Kuntze |
Lamiaceae |
Vilaiti Tulsi |
SNU/CESE/249 |
|
99 |
Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch. |
Poaceae |
Blady Grass |
SNU/CESE/041 |
|
100 |
Indigofera astragalina DC. |
Fabaceae |
Silky Indigo |
SNU/CESE/400 |
|
101 |
Indigofera linifolia (L.f.) Retz. |
Fabaceae |
Ratnamala |
SNU/CESE/250 |
|
102 |
Indigofera tinctoria L. |
Fabaceae |
Neel |
SNU/CESE/149 |
|
103 |
Indigofera tsiangiana Metcalf |
Fabaceae |
Birdsville Indigo |
SNU/CESE/432 |
|
104 |
Justicia japonica Thunb. |
Acanthaceae |
Common Small Justicia |
SNU/CESE/139 |
|
105 |
Lathyrus aphaca L. |
Fabaceae |
Jangali Matar |
SNU/CESE/330 |
|
106 |
Launaea procumbens (Roxb.)
Ramayya & Rajagopal |
Asteraceae |
Peeli Duddhi |
SNU/CESE/011 |
|
107 |
Lemna perpusilla Torr. |
Araceae |
Minute Duckweed |
SNU/CESE/411 |
|
108 |
Lepidium didymum L. |
Brassicaceae |
Jangali Hala |
SNU/CESE/302 |
|
109 |
Leptochloa panicea (Retz.) Ohwi |
Poaceae |
Sprangletop |
SNU/CESE/441 |
|
110 |
Leucas cephalotes (Roth) Spreng. |
Lamiaceae |
Guma |
SNU/CESE/197 |
|
111 |
Lindernia ciliata (Colsm.) Pennell |
Linderniaceae |
Fringed False Pimpernel |
SNU/CESE/086 |
|
112 |
Lindernia crustacea (L.) F.Muell. |
Linderniaceae |
Brittle False Pimpernel |
SNU/CESE/087 |
|
113 |
Ludwigia hyssopifolia (G.Don)
Exell |
Onagraceae |
Ban Long |
SNU/CESE/198 |
|
114 |
Ludwigia octovalvis (Jacq.) P.H.Raven |
Onagraceae |
Ban Long |
SNU/CESE/226 |
|
115 |
Lysimachia loeflingii F.J.Jiménez & M.Talavera |
Primulaceae |
Krishnaneel |
SNU/CESE/106 |
|
116 |
Malva parviflora L. |
Malvaceae |
Panirak |
SNU/CESE/320 |
|
117 |
Malvastrum coromandelianum (L.) Garcke |
Malvaceae |
Kharenti |
SNU/CESE/018 |
|
118 |
Mazus pumilus (Burm.f.) Steenis |
Phrymaceae |
Japanese Mazus |
SNU/CESE/023 |
|
119 |
Mecardonia procumbens (Mill.) Small |
Plantaginaceae |
Baby Jump Up |
SNU/CESE/083 |
|
120 |
Medicago monantha (C.A.Mey.) Trautv. |
Fabaceae |
Single-Flowered Medick |
SNU/CESE/335 |
|
121 |
Medicago lupulina L. |
Fabaceae |
Black Medic |
SNU/CESE/294 |
|
122 |
Medicago polymorpha L. |
Fabaceae |
Toothed Medic |
SNU/CESE/424 |
|
123 |
Melilotus albus Medik. |
Fabaceae |
Safed Ban Methi |
SNU/CESE/337 |
|
124 |
Melilotus indicus (L.) All. |
Fabaceae |
Ban Methi |
SNU/CESE/287 |
|
125 |
Melochia corchorifolia L. |
Malvaceae |
Chitrabeej |
SNU/CESE/050 |
|
126 |
Mollugo nudicaulis Lam. |
Molluginaceae |
Naked-stem Carpetweed |
SNU/CESE/164 |
|
127 |
Murdannia nudiflora (L.) Brenan |
Commelinaceae |
Kansura |
SNU/CESE/177 |
|
128 |
Nepeta hindostana (B.Heyne
ex Roth) Haines |
Lamiaceae |
Billi Lotan |
SNU/CESE/200 |
|
129 |
Nicotiana plumbaginifolia Viv. |
Solanaceae |
Jangali Tambakoo |
SNU/CESE/012 |
|
130 |
Nymphaea pubescens Willd. |
Nymphaeaceae |
Kumud |
SNU/CESE/276 |
|
131 |
Nymphoides cristata (Roxb.) Kuntze |
Menyanthaceae |
Kumudini |
SNU/CESE/275 |
|
132 |
Oldenlandia corymbosa L. |
Rubiaceae |
Daman Pappar |
SNU/CESE/013 |
|
133 |
Oxalis corniculata L. |
Oxalidaceae |
Amrul, Khatti-buti |
SNU/CESE/084 |
|
134 |
Oxalis debilis var. corymbosa
(DC.) Lourteig |
Oxalidaceae |
Khatti-mithi |
SNU/CESE/338 |
|
135 |
Panicum antidotale Retz. |
Poaceae |
Blue Panic Grass |
SNU/CESE/405 |
|
136 |
Parthenium hysterophorus L. |
Asteraceae |
Gajar Ghas |
SNU/CESE/014 |
|
137 |
Paspalum distichum L. |
Poaceae |
Knotgrass |
SNU/CESE/440 |
|
138 |
Paspalum scrobiculatum L. |
Poaceae |
Kodo |
SNU/CESE/063 |
|
139 |
Dicliptera paniculata (Forssk.)
I.Darbysh. |
Acanthaceae |
Atrilal |
SNU/CESE/267 |
|
140 |
Persicaria barbata (L.) H.Hara |
Polygonaceae |
Bearded Knotweed |
SNU/CESE/398 |
|
141 |
Persicaria lanigera (R.Br.) Soják |
Polygonaceae |
Pink Knotweed |
SNU/CESE/024 |
|
142 |
Phalaris minor Retz. |
Poaceae |
Mandusi |
SNU/CESE/326 |
|
143 |
Phragmites karka (Retz.) Trin. ex
Steud. |
Poaceae |
Narkul |
SNU/CESE/406 |
|
144 |
Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene |
Verbenaceae |
Jal Buti |
SNU/CESE/070 |
|
145 |
Phyllanthus amarus Schumach. &
Thonn. |
Phyllanthaceae |
Bhuiaonla |
SNU/CESE/132 |
|
146 |
Phyllanthus maderaspatensis L. |
Phyllanthaceae |
Hajarmani |
SNU/CESE/043 |
|
147 |
Phyllanthus tenellus Roxb. |
Phyllanthaceae |
Mascarene Island Leaf-flower |
SNU/CESE/437 |
|
148 |
Physalis angulata L. |
Solanaceae |
Rasbhari |
SNU/CESE/037 |
|
149 |
Physalis peruviana L. |
Solanaceae |
Rasbhari |
SNU/CESE/410 |
|
150 |
Pistia stratiotes L. |
Araceae |
Water Lettuce |
SNU/CESE/395 |
|
151 |
Pluchea lanceolata (DC.) C.B.Clarke |
Asteraceae |
Rasna |
SNU/CESE/064 |
|
152 |
Poa annua L. |
Poaceae |
Annual Bluegrass |
SNU/CESE/421 |
|
153 |
Polygonum plebeium R.Br. |
Polygonaceae |
Small Knotweed |
SNU/CESE/308 |
|
154 |
Portulaca oleracea L. |
Portulacaceae |
Kulpha, Noni |
SNU/CESE/351 |
|
155 |
Portulaca quadrifida L. |
Portulacaceae |
Chicken Weed |
SNU/CESE/381 |
|
156 |
Potamogeton crispus L. |
Potamogetonaceae |
Curly-Leaf Pondweed |
SNU/CESE/412 |
|
157 |
Ranunculus sceleratus L. |
Ranunculaceae |
Jaldhaniya |
SNU/CESE/352 |
|
158 |
Rorippa palustris (L.) Besser |
Brassicaceae |
Chamsuru |
SNU/CESE/315 |
|
159 |
Rumex dentatus L. |
Polygonaceae |
Jangali Palak |
SNU/CESE/419 |
|
160 |
Rumex hypogaeus T.M.Schust. & Reveal |
Polygonaceae |
Three Corner Jack |
SNU/CESE/314 |
|
161 |
Rungia pectinata (L.) Nees |
Acanthaceae |
Comb Rungia |
SNU/CESE/413 |
|
162 |
Saccharum bengalense Retz. |
Poaceae |
Munj, Sarkanda |
SNU/CESE/404 |
|
163 |
Saccharum spontaneum L. |
Poaceae |
Kaans |
SNU/CESE/379 |
|
164 |
Sagittaria guayanensis Kunth |
Alismataceae |
Guyanese Arrowhead |
SNU/CESE/199 |
|
165 |
Scoparia dulcis L. |
Plantaginaceae |
Ghoda Tulsi |
SNU/CESE/001 |
|
166 |
Senna obtusifolia (L.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby |
Fabaceae |
Chakwar |
SNU/CESE/147 |
|
167 |
Senna occidentalis (L.) Link |
Fabaceae |
Kasundi |
SNU/CESE/016 |
|
168 |
Sesamum indicum L. |
Pedaliaceae |
Safed Til |
SNU/CESE/184 |
|
169 |
Sesbania bispinosa (Jacq.) W.Wight |
Fabaceae |
Dhaincha |
SNU/CESE/065 |
|
170 |
Setaria pumila (Poir.) Roem.
& Schult. |
Poaceae |
Bandra |
SNU/CESE/128 |
|
171 |
Setaria verticillata (L.) P.Beauv. |
Poaceae |
Laptuna |
SNU/CESE/374 |
|
172 |
Sida acuta Burm.f. |
Malvaceae |
Baraira |
SNU/CESE/068 |
|
173 |
Sida cordata (Burm.f.)
Borss.Waalk. |
Malvaceae |
Kharenti |
SNU/CESE/203 |
|
174 |
Sida cordifolia L. |
Malvaceae |
Bala |
SNU/CESE/215 |
|
175 |
Silene conoidea L. |
Caryophyllaceae |
Cone Catchfly |
SNU/CESE/310 |
|
176 |
Sisymbrium irio L. |
Brassicaceae |
Khubkalan |
SNU/CESE/322 |
|
177 |
Solanum americanum Mill. |
Solanaceae |
Makoy |
SNU/CESE/286 |
|
178 |
Solanum surattense Burm. f. |
Solanaceae |
Kateli |
SNU/CESE/032 |
|
179 |
Sonchus asper (L.) Hill |
Asteraceae |
Dudhi |
SNU/CESE/311 |
|
180 |
Sonchus brachyotus DC. |
Asteraceae |
Dudhali |
SNU/CESE/117 |
|
181 |
Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. |
Poaceae |
Jangali Jowar |
SNU/CESE/205 |
|
182 |
Spergula arvensis L. |
Caryophyllaceae |
Ban Dhania |
SNU/CESE/425 |
|
183 |
Spermacoce articularis L.f. |
Rubiaceae |
Guthari |
SNU/CESE/058 |
|
184 |
Sphenoclea zeylanica Gaertn. |
Sphenocleaceae |
Goose Weed |
SNU/CESE/204 |
|
185 |
Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. |
Araceae |
Common Duck Meat |
SNU/CESE/414 |
|
186 |
Stellaria media (L.) Vill. |
Caryophyllaceae |
Buch-Bucha |
SNU/CESE/296 |
|
187 |
Stuckenia pectinata (L.) Börner |
Potamogetonaceae |
Sago Pondweed |
SNU/CESE/433 |
|
188 |
Symphyotrichum squamatum (Spreng.) G.L.Nesom |
Asteraceae |
Annual Saltmarsh Aster |
SNU/CESE/456 |
|
189 |
Tephrosia pumila (Lam.) Pers. |
Fabaceae |
Indigo Sauvage |
SNU/CESE/380 |
|
190 |
Tephrosia purpurea (L.) Pers. |
Fabaceae |
Sharpunkha |
SNU/CESE/069 |
|
191 |
Tephrosia villosa (L.) Pers. |
Fabaceae |
Hoary Tephrosia |
SNU/CESE/388 |
|
192 |
Trianthema portulacastrum L. |
Aizoaceae |
Vishakhapara |
SNU/CESE/017 |
|
193 |
Tribulus terrestris L. |
Zygophyllaceae |
Gokhru |
SNU/CESE/442 |
|
194 |
Tridax procumbens (L.) L. |
Asteraceae |
Ghamra |
SNU/CESE/099 |
|
195 |
Trifolium tomentosum L. |
Fabaceae |
Tipatiya Ghaas |
SNU/CESE/283 |
|
196 |
Triumfetta rhomboidea Jacq. |
Malvaceae |
Chinese Bur |
SNU/CESE/234 |
|
197 |
Typha domingensis Pers. |
Typhaceae |
Patera |
SNU/CESE/390 |
|
198 |
Utricularia stellaris L.f. |
Lentibulariaceae |
Bladderwort |
SNU/CESE/408 |
|
199 |
Vallisneria spiralis L. |
Hydrocharitaceae |
Tape Grass |
SNU/CESE/431 |
|
200 |
Verbascum chinense (L.) Santapau |
Scrophulariaceae |
Gadar Tambaku |
SNU/CESE/144 |
|
201 |
Verbascum thapsus L. |
Scrophulariaceae |
Jangali Tambaku |
SNU/CESE/134 |
|
202 |
Veronica agrestis L. |
Plantaginaceae |
Field Speedwell |
SNU/CESE/288 |
|
203 |
Veronica anagallis-aquatica L. |
Plantaginaceae |
Water Speedwell |
SNU/CESE/324 |
|
204 |
Vicia sativa L. |
Fabaceae |
Matri |
SNU/CESE/298 |
|
205 |
Xanthium strumarium L. |
Asteraceae |
Sankhahuli |
SNU/CESE/257 |
|
|
Shrubs |
|
|
|
|
206 |
Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet |
Malvaceae |
Kanghi |
SNU/CESE/157 |
|
207 |
Calotropis gigantea (L.) Dryand. |
Apocynaceae |
Safed Aak |
SNU/CESE/365 |
|
208 |
Calotropis procera (Aiton) Dryand. |
Apocynaceae |
Aak, Madar |
SNU/CESE/026 |
|
209 |
Capparis sepiaria L. |
Capparaceae |
Wild Caper Bush |
SNU/CESE/102 |
|
210 |
Clerodendrum phlomidis L.f. |
Verbenaceae |
Arni |
SNU/CESE/247 |
|
211 |
Ficus palmata Forssk. |
Moraceae |
Jangali Anjir |
SNU/CESE/115 |
|
212 |
Ipomoea carnea Jacq. |
Convolvulaceae |
Behaya |
SNU/CESE/271 |
|
213 |
Jatropha gossypiifolia L. |
Euphorbiaceae |
Bellyache Bush |
SNU/CESE/436 |
|
214 |
Justicia adhatoda L. |
Acanthaceae |
Arus, Arusa |
SNU/CESE/333 |
|
215 |
Lantana camara L. |
Verbenaceae |
Raimuniya |
SNU/CESE/080 |
|
216 |
Mimosa rubicaulis Lam. |
Fabaceae |
Himalayan Mimosa |
SNU/CESE/207 |
|
217 |
Phyllanthus reticulatus Poir. |
Phyllanthaceae |
Kale Madhu Ka Per |
SNU/CESE/116 |
|
218 |
Ricinus communis L. |
Euphorbiaceae |
Arandi |
SNU/CESE/213 |
|
219 |
Solanum torvum Sw. |
Solanaceae |
Bhankatiya |
SNU/CESE/142 |
|
220 |
Tamarix indica Willd. |
Tamaricaceae |
Jhau |
SNU/CESE/396 |
|
221 |
Urena lobata L. |
Malvaceae |
Bachita, Lapetua |
SNU/CESE/171 |
|
222 |
Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal |
Solanaceae |
Ashwagandha |
SNU/CESE/145 |
|
223 |
Ziziphus nummularia (Burm.f.)Wight & Arn. |
Rhamnaceae |
Jhar Beri |
SNU/CESE/240 |
|
|
Climbers/Creepers |
|
|
|
|
224 |
Abrus precatorius L. |
Fabaceae |
Ratti |
SNU/CESE/382 |
|
225 |
Cajanus scarabaeoides (L.) Thouars |
Fabaceae |
Showy Pigeonpea |
SNU/CESE/222 |
|
226 |
Cayratia trifolia (L.) Domin |
Vitaceae |
Three-Leaved Wild Vine |
SNU/CESE/135 |
|
227 |
Cissampelos pareira L. |
Menispermaceae |
Patha |
SNU/CESE/191 |
|
228 |
Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad. |
Cucurbitaceae |
Colocynth |
SNU/CESE/407 |
|
229 |
Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt |
Cucurbitaceae |
Kundru |
SNU/CESE/109 |
|
230 |
Convolvulus arvensis L. |
Convolvulaceae |
Hirankhuri |
SNU/CESE/305 |
|
231 |
Cucumis melo L. |
Cucurbitaceae |
Kachariya |
SNU/CESE/039 |
|
232 |
Cuscuta chinensis Lam. |
Convolvulaceae |
Amar Bel |
SNU/CESE/034 |
|
233 |
Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. |
Convolvulaceae |
Amar Bel |
SNU/CESE/301 |
|
234 |
Ipomoea aquatica Forssk. |
Convolvulaceae |
Kalmi Sag |
SNU/CESE/137 |
|
235 |
Ipomoea coptica (L.) Roth ex Roem.
& Schult. |
Convolvulaceae |
Egyptian Morning Glory |
SNU/CESE/091 |
|
236 |
Ipomoea eriocarpa R. Br. |
Convolvulaceae |
Tiny Morning Glory |
SNU/CESE/210 |
|
237 |
Ipomoea obscura (L.) Ker Gawl. |
Convolvulaceae |
Obscure Morning Glory |
SNU/CESE/131 |
|
238 |
Ipomoea pes-tigridis L. |
Convolvulaceae |
Tiger Foot Morning Glory |
SNU/CESE/163 |
|
239 |
Ipomoea triloba L. |
Convolvulaceae |
Three-lobe Morning Glory |
SNU/CESE/252 |
|
240 |
Merremia hederacea (Burm. f.)
Hallier f. |
Convolvulaceae |
Ivy Woodrose |
SNU/CESE/244 |
|
241 |
Mukia maderaspatana (L.) M.Roem. |
Cucurbitaceae |
Bilari |
SNU/CESE/127 |
|
242 |
Operculina turpethum (L.) Silva
Manso |
Convolvulaceae |
Nisoth, Pithori |
SNU/CESE/245 |
|
243 |
Oxystelma esculentum (L. f.) Sm. |
Apocynaceae |
Dudhialata |
SNU/CESE/166 |
|
244 |
Rhynchosia capitata (Roth) DC. |
Fabaceae |
Kulata, Kulthi |
SNU/CESE/211 |
|
245 |
Rhynchosia minima (L.) DC. |
Fabaceae |
Kulata, Kulthi |
SNU/CESE/212 |
|
246 |
Teramnus labialis (L.f.) Spreng. |
Fabaceae |
Van Udad |
SNU/CESE/217 |
|
247 |
Trichosanthes cucumerina L. |
Cucurbitaceae |
Jangali Chachinda |
SNU/CESE/377 |
|
|
Trees |
|
|
|
|
248 |
Acacia nilotica (L.) Delile |
Fabaceae |
Babool |
SNU/CESE/361 |
|
249 |
Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth. |
Fabaceae |
Siris |
SNU/CESE/289 |
|
250 |
Azadirachta indica A.Juss. |
Meliaceae |
Neem |
SNU/CESE/348 |
|
251 |
Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. |
Fabaceae |
Dhak, Palash |
SNU/CESE/279 |
|
252 |
Cordia dichotoma G.Forst. |
Boraginaceae |
Lasoda |
SNU/CESE/003 |
|
253 |
Crateva adansonii ssp. odora (Buch.-Ham.) Jacobs |
Capparaceae |
Barna, Barni |
SNU/CESE/095 |
|
254 |
Dalbergia sissoo DC. |
Fabaceae |
Shisham |
SNU/CESE/418 |
|
255 |
Diospyros montana Roxb. |
Ebenaceae |
Bistendu |
SNU/CESE/357 |
|
256 |
Ficus religiosa L. |
Moraceae |
Peepal |
SNU/CESE/031 |
|
257 |
Holoptelea integrifolia Planch. |
Ulmaceae |
Chilbil |
SNU/CESE/438 |
|
258 |
Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit |
Fabaceae |
Subabul |
SNU/CESE/256 |
|
259 |
Melia azedarach L. |
Meliaceae |
Bakain |
SNU/CESE/098 |
|
260 |
Mitragyna parvifolia (Roxb.) Korth. |
Rubiaceae |
Kaim |
SNU/CESE/092 |
|
261 |
Morus alba L. |
Moraceae |
Shahtoot |
SNU/CESE/042 |
|
262 |
Phoenix sylvestris (L.) Roxb. |
Arecaceae |
Jangali Khajoor |
SNU/CESE/201 |
|
263 |
Prosopis cineraria (L.) Druce |
Fabaceae |
Khejri |
SNU/CESE/282 |
|
264 |
Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC. |
Fabaceae |
Vilayati Babul |
SNU/CESE/180 |
|
265 |
Salix tetrasperma Roxb. |
Salicaceae |
Bed-laila |
SNU/CESE/290 |
|
266 |
Sesbania sesban (L.) Merr. |
Fabaceae |
Rawasan |
SNU/CESE/066 |
|
267 |
Streblus asper Lour. |
Moraceae |
Sihora |
SNU/CESE/430 |
|
268 |
Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels |
Myrtaceae |
Jamun |
SNU/CESE/360 |
|
269 |
Ziziphus jujuba Mill. |
Rhamnaceae |
Ber |
SNU/CESE/246 |
|
|
Lycophytes and Fern |
|
|
|
|
270 |
Ampelopteris prolifera (Retz.)
Copel. |
Thelypteridaceae |
Walking Fern |
SNU/CESE/094 |
|
271 |
Equisetum ramosissimum Desf. |
Equisetaceae |
Branched Horsetail |
SNU/CESE/113 |
|
272 |
Marsilea quadrifolia L. |
Marsileaceae |
Chaupatiya |
SNU/CESE/140 |
Table 2.
Floristic details of studies undertaken in the National Capital Territory Delhi
(NCT Delhi), and National Capital Region (NCR) under western Uttar Pradesh.
|
Study area |
Floristic study |
|||
|
Total plant species recorded |
No. of plant families |
No. of genera |
Reference |
|
|
Chithara, NCR (7.7 km2) |
272 |
69 |
204 |
Present study |
|
NCT Delhi (1,483 km2) |
531 |
- |
- |
Maheshwari (1963) |
|
Baghpat (NCR) |
566 |
102 |
371 |
Ahamed & Gupta (2010) |
|
Bulandshahr (NCR) |
376 |
- |
- |
Singh (1969) |
|
Ghaziabad (NCR) |
1,654* |
171 |
868 |
Vardhana (2007) |
|
Meerut (NCR) |
862 |
118 |
521 |
Shishodia (2013) |
|
Muzaffarnagar (NCR) |
577 |
77 |
321 |
Malik (2015) |
*included wild, cultivated, and
non-native species.
All floristic details include non-native and invasive species along with native
species to the region.
For
figures & images - - click here for full PDF
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