Journal of Threatened
Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 March 2024 | 16(3): 24881–24898
ISSN 0974-7907
(Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print)
https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.8833.16.3.24881-24898
#8833 | Received 15 November 2023 | Final received 10 March 2024| Finally
accepted 16 March 2024
A checklist of wild mushroom
diversity in Mizoram, India
Rajesh Kumar 1 &
Girish Gogoi 2
1,2 ICFRE-Rain Forest Research
Institute, A.T. Road, Sotai, Post Box No. 136, Jorhat, Assam 785001, India.
1 rajeshicfre@gmail.com, 2 gogoigirish@rediffmail.com
(corresponding author)
Editor: Pramod Borkar, Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan
Krishi Vidypeeth, Dapoli, India. Date of publication: 26 March 2024
(online & print)
Citation: Kumar,
R. & G. Gogoi (2024). A checklist of wild mushroom diversity in
Mizoram, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 16(3): 24881–24898. https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.8833.16.3.24881-24898
Copyright: © Kumar & Gogoi 2024. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
License. JoTT allows unrestricted use,
reproduction, and distribution of this article in any medium by providing
adequate credit to the author(s) and the source of publication.
Funding: Indian Council of Forestry Research & Education, Dehradun, Project
No. RFRI/Forest Protection/03.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
Author details: Mr. Rajesh Kumar, currently affiliated with
ICFRE-Rain Forest Research Institute, Jorhat, Assam, heading the Forest
Protection Division of the Institute as a scientist-F. He has completed many
projects on wild mushrooms of northeastern states of
India and published many books and research papers. Dr. Girish Gogoi currently affiliated with
ICFRE-Rain Forest Research Institute, Jorhat, Assam working as an assistant
chief technical officer in Forest Ecology and Climate Division of the Institute and working on wild macrofungi and forest ecology.
Author contributions: RK collected and identified the mushrooms of Mizoram. He also wrote
the introduction, methodology and conclusion part of the manuscript. GG arranged the images of mushrooms, searched the current names of the mushrooms in index fungorum and mycobank.
He analyzed the data and prepared the figures. He also wrote the result and
discussion part of the manuscript.
Acknowledgements: Authors thanks Indian Council of
Forestry Research & Education, Dehradun for providing fund to carry out the
project in Mizoram. We also like to thank State Forest Department Mizoram for
providing all supports during collection of data. At last authors thank Dr.
R.S.C. Jayaraj, IFS, former Director and Dr. Nitin Kulkarni, Scientist-G,
present Director, ICFRE-RFRI, Jorhat for their logistic supports.
Abstract: The northeastern part of India is
one of the biodiversity hotspots having a wide variety of flora and fauna. High
humidity during monsoon provides ideal conditions for the growth of diverse
group of macrofungi. Mizoram is one of the northeastern states of India which
has a large number of edible and non-edible mushroom species. Wild edible
mushrooms are an important food source for rural communities of Mizoram and
provide additional income to the households if sold in regional markets. The
key objective of this study was to explore the macrofungal diversity, and its
richness in Mizoram with the aim of preparing a checklist along with the
present geographical distribution of the important wild edible mushrooms. The
macrofungal survey was undertaken during 2017–2020 in 24 different sites in
Mizoram. A total of 152 (54 edible and 98 inedible) mushroom species have been
documented belonging to 85 genera, 54 families, and 19 orders. Habitat-wise
distribution of macrofungi revealed that maximum species were found on soil
(61), followed by associated with roots (36), dead wood (30), living trees
(22), and associated with termite mound (three). From a morphological point of
view, the wild mushrooms have been divided into gilled fungi (95), boletes
(18), polypores (17), coral fungi (10), chanterelles (3), puffballs (3), jelly
fungi (3), stinkhorns (2), and cup fungi (1). This documentation of wild
mushrooms of Mizoram will be a reference database for future.
Keywords: Coral fungi, ectomycorrhizae,
jelly fungi, macrofungi, northeastern India, polypores, puffballs.
INTRODUCTION
Mushrooms are the fruiting bodies
of higher fungi that release spores for dissemination. Spores are only a small
part of a much larger organism. Mushrooms are integral part of the forest
ecosystem that helps in the recycling of forest waste. They are fleshy and seen
in (on) the forest soils, dead wood, twigs, dung, and litter as saprobes,
symbionts, or on the living trees as parasites. Their edibility, poisonous
nature, psychotropic properties, mycorrhizal and parasitic associations with
the forest trees make them economically important. Fungi play an incredibly important
role in breaking down organic material and returning those nutrients to the
soil. Ectomycorrhizal mushrooms establish mutually beneficial relationships
with the roots of trees and other plants, increasing their capabilities to
absorb water and nutrients that help them to survive and flourish. They also
play a significant role in the daily life of human beings besides their
utilization in industry, agriculture and medicine. Wild edible mushrooms are
appreciated not only for texture and flavor but also for their chemical and
nutritional potential (Manzi et al. 2001; Sanmee et al. 2003). Their
consumption is increasing due to a good content of proteins and trace minerals.
It is important to understand their existence in plant communities, their
ecological functions and their impact on nature (Martin et al. 2011). In India,
the first fungal list was published by Butler & Bisby (1931, 1960) and
later revised by Vasudeva (1960). Sathe & Rahalkar (1987) reported a
checklist of 44 species of wild edible mushrooms from southwestern India.
Natarajan et al. (2005a) reported a checklist of Indian agarics and boletes.
Natarajan et al. (2005b) also reported 195 species of agarics from Tamil Nadu
and 28 species from Kerala. Brown et al. (2006) published 163 morphotypes of
macrofungi from Kodagu District of Karnataka. Swapna et al. (2008) published
778 species of macrofungi from Shivamogga district of Karnataka. Mani &
Kumaresan (2009a,b) reported 18 and 39 macrofungal species from Tamil Nadu;
Mohanan (2011) reported 550 species of macrofungi from Kerala. Pushpa &
Purushothama (2012) recorded 90 species of mushrooms in and around Bangalore
(Karnataka). Farook et al. (2013) reported a literature-based checklist of
agarics with 616 species occurring in Kerala. Pradhan et al. (2013) recorded
120 species of macrofungi in the lateritic region of West Bengal. Usha &
Janardhana (2014) published 135 species of macrofungi from Karnataka.
According to Myers et al. (2000),
northeastern India (a part of Indo Burma) is a biodiversity hotspot of the
world. The northeastern India is very rich in macrofungal diversity and very
few reports on macrofungal diversity have been carried out in this region
(Verma et al. 1995). Tapwal et al. (2013) reported 30 macrofungal species from
six different sites in wet evergreen tropical forest of Assam. Gogoi &
Parkash (2014, 2015a,b) reported wild macrofungi from Assam. Debnath et al.
(2020) reported 217 macrofungi from different districts of Tripura. Roy et al.
(2022) published a literature-based checklist of macrofungi of northeastern
India and listed 733 species.
Wild edible mushrooms are
important as a food source for rural communities of Mizoram. They also provide
additional income to the households, if the collected mushrooms are sold in the
local markets. People go to forests and collect the edible mushrooms with help
of the knowledge acquired from their forefathers but sometimes they turn out to
be poisonous and have harmful effects. The people of Mizoram have very limited
knowledge on edible mushrooms. Only few species of edible mushrooms are known
and consumed by the Mizo people at present. In order to know the distribution
of a particular fungal species a checklist is very important. A checklist of
wild mushrooms of Mizoram was not prepared earlier by any author. The present
study was conducted (made) to deal with the status of macrofungal diversity and
its distribution pattern in the State of Mizoram and to prepare a checklist of
wild mushrooms
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Study Area
The state has a geographical area
of 21,081 km2, which lie between 21.967–24.583 0N and
92.250–93.483 0E. The total
forest cover of Mizoram is 17,820 km2 and it has the highest
percentage cover (84.53%) with respect to total geographical area of the state
(ISFR 2021). Mizoram falls within a region which receives heavy annual rainfall
with an average of 250–300 cm. Tropical semi-evergreen, tropical moist deciduous,
subtropical broad-leaved hill, and subtropical pine forests are the most common
vegetation types found in Mizoram. Survey and collection of mushrooms were
undertaken during 2017–2020 in different localities, namely: Aibawk, Hmuifang,
Muallunghu, Murlen, Ngengpu, Reiek, Sialsuk, Siphir, Sapianmaksak, Zokawthar,
Zote, College Veng, Durtlang, Gosen Veng, Project Veng, Hnahthial,
Lungpuitlang, Tlabung, Lengte, Phura, Sangyu, Tipa, Buangpui, and Chhim Veng.
These localities are belonging to different forest types of Mizoram. A map of
Mizoram showing different forest types is given in the Image 1.
The current names, systematic
positions and nomenclature of mushrooms were taken from Index Fungorum and
MycoBank. In the checklist of wild mushrooms, species are arranged
alphabetically followed by accession number, families, orders, and classes.
Mushroom survey and collections
The sampling and collection of
mushrooms were done from April 2017 to February 2020 as per the method
suggested by Largent (1977). Field notes such as habit, habitat, odour, colour,
and size of the pileus (cap), stipe and the presence or absence of volva,
indusium or veil, and ring were noted in the field before collection and the
samples were photographed in their natural habitats. The colour terminology as
suggested by Kornerup & Wanscher (1978) was used to confirm mushroom
colour. The macrofungi with leathery texture were preserved in 4% FAA solution
(formaldehyde + acetic acid + ethyl alcohol + distilled water) whereas samples
with soft texture were preserved in 2% FAA solution. Dried specimens were also
preserved for identification, characterization, and documentation.
Identification of the specimen was carried out by standard microscopic methods
(Roy & De 1996) also considering various morphological characteristics of
mushrooms such as their size, colour, presence or absence of volva, stipe,
ring, scales, reticulum, zonation, striation, warts, cap, areolae, and gills.
Identification of the specimens were carried out by standard microscopic
methods (Gilbertson & Ryvarden 1986) using microscope (Olympus BX-50). All
the dry mushroom samples were deposited in the mycology division under the
Forest Protection Department of ICFRE-Rain Forest Research Institute, Assam for
future reference.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
A total of 152 wild mushrooms
(Images 2–9) have been documented from 24 different localities of Mizoram which
belong to 85 genera, 54 families, 19 orders, six classes, and two phyla (Table
1, Table 2 & Table 3). Out of the 152 wild mushrooms, 143 spp. belong
to the phylum Basidiomycota and nine spp. to Ascomycota. The class
Agaricomycetes (142 spp.) was found dominant followed by Pezizomycetes (3
spp.), Sordariomycetes (3 spp.), Leotiomycetes (two spp.), Dacrymycetes (1 sp.)
and Geoglossomycetes (1 sp.) (Table 3). The order Agaricales (55 spp.) was
found dominant followed by Polyporales (30 spp.), Boletales (21 spp.),
Russulales (14 spp.), Hymenochaetales (6 spp.), Cantharellales (5 spp.) and so
on (Table 2). The family Polyporaceae was found dominant with 19 species
followed by Boletaceae (18 spp.), Russulaceae (11 spp.), Agaricaceae (6 spp.),
Amanitaceae (6 spp.), Hydnaceae (5 spp.), Hymenochaetaceae (4 spp.),
Clavariaceae (4 spp.), Hydnangiaceae (4 spp.), Inocybaceae (4 spp.),
Omphalotaceae (4 spp.), and so on (Table 2). The five most represented genera
were Ganoderma (7 spp.), Amanita (6 spp.), Russula (5
spp.), Boletus (5 spp.) and Lactarius (5 spp.). The frequency of
occurrence was found maximum in Clavulina rugosa (83.33%) and Lactarius
croceus (83.33%) followed by Lysurus periphragmoides (79.16%), Cantharellus
formosus (70.83%) and so on (Table1).
Termitomyces heimii and Termitomyces clypeatus,
have been characterized based on their vast heterogenous phylogeny,
morphological traits, habitat and phenotypical appearance, such as the shape of
their perforatorium, stipe length (cm), pileus length, margin and colour of
fruiting body, gills, flesh, annulus, pseudorrhiza and spore print. Which was
similar to earlier reported by Kumari et al. (2022). Genus Identification was
done as per key given by Antonio (2020).
Recently, Akshaya et al.
(2023) reported 62 macrofungi belonging to 43 genera, 24 families, and
eight orders. Out of the eight orders, seven orders belong to the phylum
Basidiomycota and the order Xylariales belongs to Ascomycota and they found
Polyporaceae as the dominant family in the wet evergreen forests of
Agasthyamala Biosphere Reserve, Western Ghats. They also found that Russulaceae
is the most dominant family followed by Hygrophoraceae, Amanitaceae,
Polyporaceae and so on. Gogoi & Parkash (2015b) found the order Agaricales
with the highest number of species followed by Russulales, Polyporales,
Cantharellales, and Boletales in Hollongapara Gibbon Wildlife Sanctuary, Assam.
They reported the family Agaricaceae with the highest number of species
followed by Tricholomataceae, Russulaceae, Marasmiaceae, Lyophyllaceae, and
Psathyrellaceae. Roy et al. (2022) also found the order Agaricales with the
highest number of species followed by Polyporales in northeastern India. They
also found the three most represented genera, viz.: Russula, Amanita,
and Lactarius. Paul et al. (2019) found the highest number of
macrofungal species in the family Polyporaceae in Assam. They reported 82
species belonging to 51 genera, 34 families and 12 orders, out of which 11
orders belong to the phylum Basidiomycota and only one order – Xylariales
belongs to Ascomycota. They also reported Ganoderma lucidum, Pleurotus
ostreatus and Pycnoporous sanguineus are the species having the
highest frequency of occurrence (100%) while the lowest frequency of occurrence
was recorded for Cyathus striatus (10%).
Habitat-wise distribution of wild
mushrooms of Mizoram revealed that maximum number of species were found on soil
(61 spp.), followed by species associated with roots (30 spp.), dead wood (30
spp.), living trees (22 spp.), and termite mounds (3 spp.) (Figure 1). On the
basis of morphological features, the collected species were grouped into nine
groups, viz.: gilled fungi (95 spp.), boletes (18 spp.), polypores (17 spp.),
coral fungi (10 spp.), chanterelles (3 spp.), puffballs (3 spp.), jelly fungi
(3 spp.), stinkhorns (2 spp.), and cup fungi (1 sp.) (Figure 2). Based on
living behaviour, they have been classified into three groups, viz.: saprobes
(94 spp.), ectomycorrhizal (36 spp.), and parasites (22 spp.) (Figure 3).
Tapwal et al. (2013) reported that the ecological preference of the fungal
species was maximum as saprophyte followed by ectomycorrhizal and parasites in
wet ever green tropical forest in Assam.
Conclusion
The wild edible mushrooms play a
vital role in strengthening the livelihood of the tribal people. The current
environmental issues of global warming and climate change would adversely
affect the delicate fungi’s regeneration and growth pattern, which requires a
specific micro-climate. Meticulous scientific screening of the wild edible
mushrooms of Mizoram will help in understanding their henceforth unknown
medicinal properties which will consequently be the source of nutritionally
enriched diet to the tribal community along with additional therapeutic
benefits.
Many reports have been published
about the deaths caused by mushroom poisoning. There needs to be an immediate
effort to prevent future loss of life. An awareness program should be initiated
using radio, television, and newspapers to make people better aware of the
hazards of mushroom poisoning. Exploration of hitherto unknown wild edible
mushrooms will facilitate in developing and popularizing their artificial
cultivation technology among the tribal masses which will ultimately be a new
source of their livelihood.
|
Name of species |
Accession no. |
Family |
Frequency (%) |
1 |
Abortiporus biennis (Bull.) Singer |
RFRI-MZ-93 |
Podoscyphaceae |
54.16 |
2 |
Agaricus bisporus (J.E.Lange) Imbach |
RFRI-MZ-46 |
Agaricaceae |
37.50 |
3 |
Agaricus bitorquis (Quél.) Sacc. |
RFRI-MZ- 1 |
Agaricaceae |
33.33 |
4 |
Agaricus silvaticus J.C.Schäffer |
RFRI-MZ-2 |
Agaricaceae |
41.66 |
5 |
Albatrellus ellisii (Berk. ex Cooke
& Ellis) Pouzar |
RFRI-MZ-15 |
Albatrellaceae |
37.50 |
6 |
Amanita citrina Pers. |
RFRI-MZ-179 |
Amanitaceae |
37.55 |
7 |
Amanita fulva Fr. |
RFRI-MZ-20 |
Amanitaceae |
54.16 |
8 |
Amanita macerisolum |
RFRI-MZ-173 |
Amanitaceae |
37.55 |
9 |
Amanita marmorata (Cleland & E.-J.Gilbert) E |
RFRI-MZ-23 |
Amanitaceae |
41.66 |
10 |
Amanita phalloides (Vaill. ex Fr.)
Link |
RFRI-MZ-105 |
Amanitaceae |
33.33 |
11 |
Amanita vaginata (Bull.) Lam. |
RFRI-MZ-21 |
Amanitaceae |
45.83 |
12 |
Auricularia cornea Ehrenb. |
RFRI-MZ-48 |
Auriculariaceae |
33.33 |
13 |
Baorangia bicolor (Kuntze) G.Wu |
RFRI-MZ-170 |
Boletaceae |
41.66 |
14 |
Bisporella citrina (Batsch) Korf
& S.E.Carp. |
RFRI-MZ-72 |
Helotiaceae |
66.66 |
15 |
Boletinellus merulioides (Schwein.) Murrill |
RFRI-MZ-16 |
Boletinellaceae |
37.50 |
16 |
Boletus bicolor Raddi |
RFRI-MZ-34 |
Boletaceae |
50.00 |
17 |
Boletus edulis Bull. |
RFRI-MZ-13 |
Boletaceae |
16.66 |
18 |
Boletus luridiformis Rostk. |
RFRI-MZ-51 |
Boletaceae |
66.66 |
19 |
Boletus mirabilis (Murrill) Murrill |
RFRI-MZ-49 |
Boletaceae |
58.33 |
20 |
Boletus zelleri (Murrill) Murrill |
RFRI-MZ-50 |
Boletaceae |
41.66 |
21 |
Calbovista subsculpta Morse |
RFRI-MZ-131 |
Lycoperdaceae |
50.00 |
22 |
Campanella caesia Romagn. |
RFRI-MZ-28 |
Marasmiaceae |
41.66 |
23 |
Cantharellus formosus Corner |
RFRI-MZ-32 |
Hydnaceae |
70.83 |
24 |
Cantharellus lateritius (Berk.) Singer |
RFRI-MZ-61 |
Hydnaceae |
37.50 |
25 |
Cerrena unicolor (Bull.) Murrill |
RFRI-MZ-83 |
Cerrenaceae |
41 .66 |
26 |
Clavaria fragilis Holmsk. |
RFRI-MZ-18 |
Clavariaceae |
58.33 |
27 |
Clavaria miniata Purton |
RFRI-MZ-17 |
Clavariaceae |
33.33 |
28 |
Clavaria zollingeri Lév. |
RFRI-MZ-27 |
Clavariaceae |
45.83 |
29 |
Clavulina cristata (Holmsk.)
J.Schröt. |
RFRI-MZ-60 |
Hydnaceae |
45.83 |
30 |
Clavulina rugosa (Bull.) J.Schröt. |
RFRI-MZ-59 |
Hydnaceae |
83.33 |
31 |
Coltricia cinnamomea (Jacq.) Murrill |
RFRI-MZ-11 |
Hymenochaetaceae |
29.16 |
32 |
Coltricia montagnei (Fr.) Murrill |
RFRI-MZ-3 |
Hymenochaetaceae |
41.66 |
33 |
Coltricia perennis (L.) Murrill |
RFRI-MZ-66 |
Hymenochaetaceae |
45.83 |
34 |
Conocybe apala (Fr.) Arnolds |
RFRI-MZ-126 |
Bolbitiaceae |
37.50 |
35 |
Cookeina tricholoma (Mont.) Kuntze |
RFRI-MZ-75 |
Sarcoscyphaceae |
45.83 |
36 |
Coprinus disseminatus (Pers.) Gray |
RFRI-MZ-134 |
Agaricaceae |
45.83 |
37 |
Coprinus leiocephalus P.D.Orton |
RFRI-MZ-7 |
Agaricaceae |
37.55 |
38 |
Coprinus plicatilis (Curtis) Fr. |
RFRI-MZ-8 |
Agaricaceae |
54.16 |
39 |
Cortinarius corrugatus Peck |
RFRI-MZ-30 |
Cortinariaceae |
16.66 |
40 |
Cortinarius crassus Fr. |
RFRI-MZ-136 |
Cortinariaceae |
62.50 |
41 |
Craterellus tubaeformis (Fr.) Quél. |
RFRI-MZ-169 |
Hydnaceae |
29.16 |
42 |
Dacrymyces palmatus Bres. |
RFRI-MZ-62 |
Dacrymycetaceae |
37.50 |
43 |
Daldinia concentrica (Bolton) Ces.
& deNotaris |
RFRI-MZ-316 |
Hypoxylaceae |
20.83 |
44 |
Enteridium splendens (Morgan) T.Macbr. |
RFRI-MZ-74 |
Reticulariidae |
20.83 |
45 |
Entoloma abortivum (Berk. &
M.A.Curtis) Donk |
RFRI-MZ-84 |
Entolomataceae |
29.16 |
46 |
Entoloma lividum Quél. |
RFRI-MZ-73 |
Entolomataceae |
33.33 |
47 |
Entoloma squamatum Hesler |
RFRI-MZ-129 |
Entolomaceae |
41.66 |
48 |
Fomes fomentarius (L.) Fr. |
RFRI-MZ-94 |
Polyporaceae |
25.00 |
49 |
Fomitopsis ochracea Ryvarden &
Stokland |
RFRI-MZ-87 |
Fomitopsidaceae |
37.50 |
50 |
Fomitopsis pinicola (Sw.) P.Karst. |
RFRI-MZ-88 |
Fomitopsidaceae |
45.83 |
51 |
Galiella rufa (Schwein.) Nannf. & Korf |
RFRI-MZ-76 |
Sarcosomataceae |
37.50 |
52 |
Ganoderma adspersum (Schulzer) Donk |
RFRI-MZ-81 |
Polyporaceae |
16.66 |
53 |
Ganoderma applanatum (Pers.) Pat. |
RFRI-MZ-90 |
Polyporaceae |
58.33 |
54 |
Ganoderma formosanum T.T.Chang &
T.Chen |
RFRI-MZ-9 |
Polyporaceae |
20.83 |
55 |
Ganoderma lucidum (Curtis) P.Karst. |
RFRI-MZ-91 |
Polyporaceae |
29.16 |
56 |
Ganoderma oregonense Murrill |
RFRI-MZ-89 |
Polyporaceae |
33.33 |
57 |
Ganoderma sinense J.D.Zhao |
RFRI-MZ-112 |
Polyporaceae |
41.66 |
58 |
Ganoderma tsugae Murrill |
RFRI-MZ-137 |
Polyporaceae |
50.00 |
59 |
Geoglossum fallax E.J.Durand |
RFRI-MZ-24 |
Geoglossaceae |
62.50 |
60 |
Gloeophyllum sepiarium (Wulfen) P.Karst. |
RFRI-MZ-65 |
Gloeophyllaceae |
45.83 |
61 |
Grifola frondosa (Dicks.) Gray |
RFRI-MZ-92 |
Grifolaceae |
45.83 |
62 |
Gymnopilus junonius (Fr.) P.D.Orton |
RFRI-MZ-31 |
Hymenogastraceae |
16.66 |
63 |
Gymnopilus luteofolius (Peck) Singer |
RFRI-MZ-68 |
Hymenogastraceae |
70.83 |
64 |
Helvella atra J.König |
RFRI-MZ-57 |
Helvellaceae |
29.16 |
65 |
Hericium coralloides (Scop.) Pers. |
RFRI-MZ-111 |
Hericiaceae |
16.66 |
66 |
Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref. |
RFRI-MZ-110 |
Bondarzewiaceae |
29.16 |
67 |
Hygrocybe coccinea (Schaeff.)
P.Kumm. |
RFRI-MZ-78 |
Hygrophoraceae |
50.00 |
68 |
Hygrocybe conica (Schaeff.) P.Kumm.
|
RFRI-MZ-319 |
Hygrophoraceae |
66.66 |
69 |
Hypholoma fasciculare (Huds.) P.Kumm |
RFRI-MZ-86 |
Strophariaceae |
33.33 |
70 |
Inocybe flocculosa Sacc. |
RFRI-MZ-37 |
Inocybaceae |
41.66 |
71 |
Inocybe lapponica Kokkonen &
Vauras |
RFRI-MZ-164 |
Inocybaceae |
45.83 |
72 |
Inocybe napipes J.E.Lange |
RFRI-MZ-71 |
Inocybaceae |
29.16 |
73 |
Inocybe sindonia (Fr.) P.Karst. |
RFRI-MZ-38 |
Inocybaceae |
37.50 |
74 |
Ischnoderma resinosum (Schrad.) P.Karst. |
RFRI-MZ-85 |
Ischnodermataceae |
45.83 |
75 |
Kuehneromyce smutabilis (Schaeff.) Singer & A.H.Sm. |
RFRI-MZ-45 |
Strophariaceae |
25.00 |
76 |
Laccaria affinis (Singer) Bon |
RFRI-MZ-36 |
Hydnangiaceae |
29.16 |
77 |
Laccaria fraterna (Sacc.) Pegler |
RFRI-MZ-133 |
Hydnangiaceae |
37.50 |
78 |
Laccaria laccata (Scop.) Cooke |
RFRI-MZ-35 |
Hydnangiaceae |
50.00 |
79 |
Laccaria vinaceoavellanea Hongo |
RFRI-MZ-26 |
Hydnangiaceae |
58.33 |
80 |
Lactarius croceus Burl. |
RFRI-MZ-166 |
Russulaceae |
83.33 |
81 |
Lactarius fragilis (Burl.) Hesler
& A.H.Sm. |
RFRI-MZ-115 |
Russulaceae |
37.50 |
82 |
Lactarius piperatus (L.) Pers. |
RFRI-MZ-33 |
Russulaceae |
29.16 |
83 |
Lactarius vietus (Fr.) Fr. |
RFRI-MZ-82 |
Russulaceae |
45.83 |
84 |
Lactarius volemus (Fr.) Fr. |
RFRI-MZ-147 |
Russulaceae |
29.16 |
85 |
Lactifluus corrugis (Peck) Kuntze |
RFRI-MZ-128 |
Russulaceae |
54.16 |
86 |
Laetiporus cincinnatus (Morgan) Burds. |
RFRI-MZ-108 |
Laetiporaceae |
16.66 |
87 |
Laetiporus sulphureus (Bull.) Murrill |
RFRI-MZ-106 |
Laetiporaceae |
41.66 |
88 |
Leccinum scabrum (Bull.) Gray |
RFRI-MZ-179 |
Boletaceae |
29.16 |
89 |
Lentinula lateritia (Berk.) Pegler |
RFRI-MZ-6 |
Omphalotaceae |
45.83 |
90 |
Lentinus polychrous Lév. |
RFRI-MZ-130 |
Polyporaceae |
41.66 |
91 |
Lentinus sajor-caju (Fr.) Fr. |
RFRI-MZ-95 |
Polyporaceae |
37.50 |
92 |
Lentinus tigrinus (Bull.) Fr. |
RFRI-MZ-143 |
Polyporaceae |
54.16 |
93 |
Lenzites betulinus (L.) Fr. |
RFRI-MZ-96 |
Polyporaceae |
16.66 |
94 |
Leotia lubrica (Scop.) Pers. |
RFRI-MZ-77 |
Leotiaceae |
29.16 |
95 |
Lepiota brunneoincarnata Chodat &
C.Martín |
RFRI-MZ-41 |
Agaricaceae |
33.33 |
96 |
Lepiota rubrotinctoides Murrill |
RFRI-MZ-10 |
Agaricaceae |
41.66 |
97 |
Lysurus periphragmoides (Klotzsch ex
Hook.) Dring |
RFRI-MZ-79 |
Phallaceae |
79.16 |
98 |
Macrolepiota dolichaula (Berk. &
Broome) Pegler & R.W.Rayne |
RFRI-MZ- 123 |
Agaricaceae |
33.33 |
99 |
Marasmiellus candidus (Fr.) Singer, |
RFRI-MZ-39 |
Omphalotaceae |
45.83 |
100 |
Marasmiellus ramealis (Bull.) Singer |
RFRI-MZ-40 |
Omphalotaceae |
37.50 |
101 |
Marasmius corrugatiformis Singer |
RFRI-MZ-19 |
Marasmiaceae |
29.16 |
102 |
Marasmius crinis-equi F.Muell. ex
Kalchbr. |
RFRI-MZ-59 |
Marasmiaceae |
58.33 |
103 |
Mycena pura (Pers.) P.Kumm. |
RFRI-MZ-314 |
Mycenaceae |
41.66 |
104 |
Omphalotus illudens (Schwein.)
Bresinsky & Besl |
RFRI-MZ-107 |
Omphalotaceae |
42.67 |
105 |
Panus rudis Fr. |
RFRI-MZ-22 |
Panaceae |
20.83 |
106 |
Phaeotrametes decipiens (Berk.) J.E.Wright |
RFRI-MZ-103 |
Polyporaceae |
45.83 |
107 |
Phallus indusiatus Vent. |
RFRI-MZ-80 |
Phallaceae |
50.00 |
108 |
Phellinus igniarius (L.) Quél. |
RFRI-MZ-67 |
Hymenochaetaceae |
70.83 |
109 |
Phylloporus rhodoxanthus (Schwein.) Bres. |
RFRI-MZ-55 |
Boletaceae |
33.33 |
110 |
Piptoporus betulinus (Bull.) P.Karst. |
RFRI-MZ-101 |
Fomitopsidaceae |
62.50 |
111 |
Pleurotus floridanus Singer |
RFRI-MZ-125 |
Pleurotaceae |
54.16 |
112 |
Pleurotus pulmonarius (Fr.) Quél. |
RFRI-MZ-127 |
Pleurotaceae |
20.83 |
113 |
Polyporus arcularius (Batsch) Fr. |
RFRI-MZ-100 |
Polyporaceae |
50.00 |
114 |
Polyporus badius (Pers.) Schwein. |
RFRI-MZ-109 |
Polyporaceae |
54.16 |
115 |
Postia caesiac (Schrad.) P.Karst. |
RFRI-MZ-120 |
Polyporaceae |
58.33 |
116 |
Psathyrella candolleana (Fr.) Maire |
RFRI-MZ-43 |
Psathyrellaceae |
41.66 |
117 |
Pycnoporus cinnabarinus (Jacq.) P.Karst. |
RFRI-MZ-99 |
Polyporaceae |
29.16 |
118 |
Pycnoporus sanguineus (L.) Murrill |
RFRI-MZ-98 |
Polyporaceae |
33.33 |
119 |
Ramaria formosa (Pers.) Quél. |
RFRI-MZ-176 |
Gomphaceae |
25.00 |
120 |
Ramaria myceliosa (Peck) Corner |
RFRI-MZ-64 |
Gomphaceae |
50.00 |
121 |
Ramaria stricta (Pers.) Quél. |
RFRI-MZ-63 |
Gomphaceae |
70.83 |
122 |
Ramariopsis kunzei (Fr.) Corner |
RFRI-MZ-29 |
Clavariaceae |
25.00 |
123 |
Russula brevipes Peck |
RFRI-MZ-175 |
Russulaceae |
54.16 |
124 |
Russula cremoricolor Earle |
RFRI-MZ-113 |
Russulaceae |
16.66 |
125 |
Russula emetica (Schaeff.) Pers. |
RFRI-MZ-114 |
Russulaceae |
54.16 |
126 |
Russula ochroleuca Fr. |
RFRI-MZ-116 |
Russulaceae |
58.33 |
127 |
Russula variata Banning |
RFRI-MZ-117 |
Russulaceae |
33.33 |
128 |
Schizophyllum commune Fr. |
RFRI-MZ-44 |
Schizophyllaceae |
50.00 |
129 |
Schizopora paradoxa (Schrad.) Donk |
RFRI-MZ-69 |
Schizoporaceae |
50.00 |
130 |
Scleroderma cepa Pers. |
RFRI-MZ-56 |
Sclerodermataceae |
41.66 |
131 |
Scleroderma citrinum Pers. |
RFRI-MZ-124 |
Sclerodermataceae |
33.33 |
132 |
Strobilomyces confusus Singer |
RFRI-MZ-52 |
Boletaceae |
20.83 |
133 |
Strobilomyces strobilaceus (Scop.) Berk. |
RFRI-MZ-53 |
Boletaceae |
45.83 |
134 |
Suillus bovinus (L.) Roussel |
RFRI-MZ-168 |
Boletaceae |
50.00 |
135 |
Suillus granulatus (L.) Roussel |
RFRI-MZ-135 |
Boletaceae |
41.66 |
136 |
Suillus luteus (L.) Roussel |
RFRI-MZ-58 |
Boletaceae |
16.66 |
137 |
Termitomyces clypeatus R.Heim |
RFRI-MZ-12 |
Lyophyllaceae |
16.66 |
138 |
Termitomyces fuliginosus R.Heim |
RFRI-MZ-102 |
Lyophyllaceae |
25.00 |
139 |
Termitomyces heimii Natarajan |
RFRI-MZ-4 |
Lyophyllaceae |
29.16 |
140 |
Thelephora anthocephala (Bull.) Fr. |
RFRI-MZ-119 |
Thelephoraceae |
37.50 |
141 |
Thelephora palmata (Scop.) Fr. |
RFRI-MZ-118 |
Thelephoraceae |
35.12 |
142 |
Trametes pubescens (Schumach.) Pilát |
RFRI-MZ-97 |
Polyporaceae |
41.66 |
143 |
Trichia decipiens (Pers.) T.Macbr. |
RFRI-MZ-121 |
Trichiidae |
20.83 |
144 |
Tylopilus badiceps (Peck) A.H.Sm.
& Thiers |
RFRI-MZ-54 |
Boletaceae |
54.16 |
145 |
Tylopilus felleus (Bull.) P.Karst. |
RFRI-MZ-104 |
Boletaceae |
45.83 |
146 |
Tylopilus griseocarneus Wolfe &
Halling |
RFRI-MZ-14 |
Boletaceae |
37.50 |
147 |
Volvariella bombycine (Schaeff.) Singer |
RFRI-MZ-42 |
Pluteaceae |
54.16 |
148 |
Volvariella taylorii (Berk. &
Broome) Singer |
RFRI-MZ-5 |
Pluteaceae |
58.33 |
149 |
Xerocomus ripariellus Redeuilh |
RFRI-MZ-301 |
Boletaceae |
58.33 |
150 |
Xerocomus subtomentosus (L.) Quél. |
RFRI-MZ-174 |
Boletaceae |
41.66 |
151 |
Xylaria nigripes (Klotzsch) Cooke |
RFRI-MZ-122 |
Xylariaceae |
33.33 |
152 |
Xylaria polymorpha (Pers.) Grev. |
RFRI-MZ-25 |
Xylariaceae |
33.33 |
|
Name of families |
No. of species |
Name of orders |
No. of species |
1 |
Agaricaceae |
9 |
Agaricales |
55 |
2 |
Albatrellaceae |
1 |
Auriculariales |
1 |
3 |
Amanitaceae |
6 |
Boletales |
21 |
4 |
Auriculariaceae |
1 |
Cantharellales |
5 |
5 |
Bolbitiaceae |
1 |
Dacrymycetales |
1 |
6 |
Boletaceae |
18 |
Geoglossales |
1 |
7 |
Boletinellaceae |
1 |
Gloeophyllales |
1 |
8 |
Bondarzewiaceae |
1 |
Gomphales |
3 |
9 |
Cerrenaceae |
1 |
Helotiales |
1 |
10 |
Clavariaceae |
4 |
Hymenochaetales |
6 |
11 |
Cortinariaceae |
2 |
Leotiales |
1 |
12 |
Dacrymycetaceae |
1 |
Liceales |
1 |
13 |
Entolomataceae |
3 |
Pezizales |
3 |
14 |
Fomitopsidaceae |
3 |
Phallales |
2 |
15 |
Geoglossaceae |
1 |
Polyporales |
30 |
16 |
Gloeophyllaceae |
1 |
Russulales |
14 |
17 |
Gomphaceae |
3 |
Thelephorales |
2 |
18 |
Grifolaceae |
1 |
Trichiidia |
1 |
19 |
Helotiaceae |
1 |
Xylariales |
3 |
20 |
Helvellaceae |
1 |
Total species |
152 |
21 |
Hericiaceae |
1 |
|
|
22 |
Hydnaceae |
5 |
|
|
23 |
Hydnangiaceae |
4 |
|
|
24 |
Hygrophoraceae |
2 |
|
|
25 |
Hymenochaetaceae |
4 |
|
|
26 |
Hymenogastraceae |
2 |
|
|
27 |
Hypoxylaceae |
1 |
|
|
28 |
Inocybaceae |
4 |
|
|
29 |
Ischnodermataceae |
1 |
|
|
30 |
Laetiporaceae |
2 |
|
|
31 |
Leotiaceae |
1 |
|
|
32 |
Lycoperdaceae |
1 |
|
|
33 |
Lyophyllaceae |
3 |
|
|
34 |
Marasmiaceae |
3 |
|
|
35 |
Mycenaceae |
1 |
|
|
36 |
Omphalotaceae |
4 |
|
|
37 |
Panaceae |
1 |
|
|
38 |
Phallaceae |
2 |
|
|
39 |
Pleurotaceae |
2 |
|
|
40 |
Pluteaceae |
2 |
|
|
41 |
Podoscyphaceae |
1 |
|
|
42 |
Polyporaceae |
19 |
|
|
43 |
Psathyrellaceae |
1 |
|
|
44 |
Reticulariidae |
1 |
|
|
45 |
Russulaceae |
11 |
|
|
46 |
Sarcoscyphaceae |
1 |
|
|
47 |
Sarcosomataceae |
1 |
|
|
48 |
Schizophyllaceae |
1 |
|
|
49 |
Schizoporaceae |
1 |
|
|
50 |
Sclerodermataceae |
2 |
|
|
51 |
Strophariaceae |
2 |
|
|
52 |
Thelephoraceae |
2 |
|
|
53 |
Trichiidae |
1 |
|
|
54 |
Xylariaceae |
2 |
|
|
|
Total species |
152 |
|
|
|
Name of classes |
No. of species |
Name of divisions |
No. of species |
1 |
Agaricomycetes |
142 |
Ascomycota |
9 |
2 |
Pezizomycetes |
3 |
Basidiomycota |
143 |
3 |
Sordariomycetes |
3 |
Total species |
152 |
4 |
Leotiomycetes |
2 |
|
|
5 |
Dacrymycetes |
1 |
|
|
6 |
Geoglossomycetes |
1 |
|
|
|
Total species |
152 |
|
|
For
figures & images - - click here for full PDF
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