Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 March 2024 | 16(3): 24881–24898

 

ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) 

https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.8833.16.3.24881-24898

#8833 | Received 15 November 2023 | Final received 10 March 2024| Finally accepted 16 March 2024

 

 

A checklist of wild mushroom diversity in Mizoram, India

 

Rajesh Kumar 1 & Girish Gogoi 2

 

1,2 ICFRE-Rain Forest Research Institute, A.T. Road, Sotai, Post Box No. 136, Jorhat, Assam 785001, India.

1 rajeshicfre@gmail.com, 2 gogoigirish@rediffmail.com (corresponding author)

 

 

Editor: Pramod Borkar, Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidypeeth, Dapoli, India.             Date of publication: 26 March 2024 (online & print)

 

Citation: Kumar, R. & G. Gogoi (2024). A checklist of wild mushroom diversity in Mizoram, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 16(3): 24881–24898. https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.8833.16.3.24881-24898

  

Copyright: © Kumar & Gogoi 2024. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.  JoTT allows unrestricted use, reproduction, and distribution of this article in any medium by providing adequate credit to the author(s) and the source of publication.

 

Funding: Indian Council of Forestry Research & Education, Dehradun, Project No. RFRI/Forest Protection/03.

 

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

 

Author details: Mr. Rajesh Kumar, currently affiliated with ICFRE-Rain Forest Research Institute, Jorhat, Assam, heading the Forest Protection Division of the Institute as a scientist-F. He has completed many projects on wild mushrooms of northeastern states of India and published many books and research papers. Dr. Girish Gogoi currently affiliated with ICFRE-Rain Forest Research Institute, Jorhat, Assam working as an assistant chief technical officer in Forest Ecology and Climate Division of the Institute and working on wild macrofungi and forest ecology.

 

Author contributions: RK collected and identified the mushrooms of Mizoram. He also wrote the introduction, methodology and conclusion part of the manuscript.  GG arranged the images of mushrooms, searched the current names of the mushrooms in index fungorum and mycobank. He analyzed the data and prepared the figures. He also wrote the result and discussion part of the manuscript.

 

Acknowledgements: Authors thanks Indian Council of Forestry Research & Education, Dehradun for providing fund to carry out the project in Mizoram. We also like to thank State Forest Department Mizoram for providing all supports during collection of data. At last authors thank Dr. R.S.C. Jayaraj, IFS, former Director and Dr. Nitin Kulkarni, Scientist-G, present Director, ICFRE-RFRI, Jorhat for their logistic supports.

 

 

Abstract: The northeastern part of India is one of the biodiversity hotspots having a wide variety of flora and fauna. High humidity during monsoon provides ideal conditions for the growth of diverse group of macrofungi. Mizoram is one of the northeastern states of India which has a large number of edible and non-edible mushroom species. Wild edible mushrooms are an important food source for rural communities of Mizoram and provide additional income to the households if sold in regional markets. The key objective of this study was to explore the macrofungal diversity, and its richness in Mizoram with the aim of preparing a checklist along with the present geographical distribution of the important wild edible mushrooms. The macrofungal survey was undertaken during 2017–2020 in 24 different sites in Mizoram. A total of 152 (54 edible and 98 inedible) mushroom species have been documented belonging to 85 genera, 54 families, and 19 orders. Habitat-wise distribution of macrofungi revealed that maximum species were found on soil (61), followed by associated with roots (36), dead wood (30), living trees (22), and associated with termite mound (three). From a morphological point of view, the wild mushrooms have been divided into gilled fungi (95), boletes (18), polypores (17), coral fungi (10), chanterelles (3), puffballs (3), jelly fungi (3), stinkhorns (2), and cup fungi (1). This documentation of wild mushrooms of Mizoram will be a reference database for future.

 

Keywords: Coral fungi, ectomycorrhizae, jelly fungi, macrofungi, northeastern India, polypores, puffballs.

 

INTRODUCTION

 

Mushrooms are the fruiting bodies of higher fungi that release spores for dissemination. Spores are only a small part of a much larger organism. Mushrooms are integral part of the forest ecosystem that helps in the recycling of forest waste. They are fleshy and seen in (on) the forest soils, dead wood, twigs, dung, and litter as saprobes, symbionts, or on the living trees as parasites. Their edibility, poisonous nature, psychotropic properties, mycorrhizal and parasitic associations with the forest trees make them economically important. Fungi play an incredibly important role in breaking down organic material and returning those nutrients to the soil. Ectomycorrhizal mushrooms establish mutually beneficial relationships with the roots of trees and other plants, increasing their capabilities to absorb water and nutrients that help them to survive and flourish. They also play a significant role in the daily life of human beings besides their utilization in industry, agriculture and medicine. Wild edible mushrooms are appreciated not only for texture and flavor but also for their chemical and nutritional potential (Manzi et al. 2001; Sanmee et al. 2003). Their consumption is increasing due to a good content of proteins and trace minerals. It is important to understand their existence in plant communities, their ecological functions and their impact on nature (Martin et al. 2011). In India, the first fungal list was published by Butler & Bisby (1931, 1960) and later revised by Vasudeva (1960). Sathe & Rahalkar (1987) reported a checklist of 44 species of wild edible mushrooms from southwestern India. Natarajan et al. (2005a) reported a checklist of Indian agarics and boletes. Natarajan et al. (2005b) also reported 195 species of agarics from Tamil Nadu and 28 species from Kerala. Brown et al. (2006) published 163 morphotypes of macrofungi from Kodagu District of Karnataka. Swapna et al. (2008) published 778 species of macrofungi from Shivamogga district of Karnataka. Mani & Kumaresan (2009a,b) reported 18 and 39 macrofungal species from Tamil Nadu; Mohanan (2011) reported 550 species of macrofungi from Kerala. Pushpa & Purushothama (2012) recorded 90 species of mushrooms in and around Bangalore (Karnataka). Farook et al. (2013) reported a literature-based checklist of agarics with 616 species occurring in Kerala. Pradhan et al. (2013) recorded 120 species of macrofungi in the lateritic region of West Bengal. Usha & Janardhana (2014) published 135 species of macrofungi from Karnataka.

According to Myers et al. (2000), northeastern India (a part of Indo Burma) is a biodiversity hotspot of the world. The northeastern India is very rich in macrofungal diversity and very few reports on macrofungal diversity have been carried out in this region (Verma et al. 1995). Tapwal et al. (2013) reported 30 macrofungal species from six different sites in wet evergreen tropical forest of Assam. Gogoi & Parkash (2014, 2015a,b) reported wild macrofungi from Assam. Debnath et al. (2020) reported 217 macrofungi from different districts of Tripura. Roy et al. (2022) published a literature-based checklist of macrofungi of northeastern India and listed 733 species.

Wild edible mushrooms are important as a food source for rural communities of Mizoram. They also provide additional income to the households, if the collected mushrooms are sold in the local markets. People go to forests and collect the edible mushrooms with help of the knowledge acquired from their forefathers but sometimes they turn out to be poisonous and have harmful effects. The people of Mizoram have very limited knowledge on edible mushrooms. Only few species of edible mushrooms are known and consumed by the Mizo people at present. In order to know the distribution of a particular fungal species a checklist is very important. A checklist of wild mushrooms of Mizoram was not prepared earlier by any author. The present study was conducted (made) to deal with the status of macrofungal diversity and its distribution pattern in the State of Mizoram and to prepare a checklist of wild mushrooms

 

 

MATERIALS AND METHODS

 

Study Area

The state has a geographical area of 21,081 km2, which lie between 21.967–24.583 0N and 92.250–93.483 0E.  The total forest cover of Mizoram is 17,820 km2 and it has the highest percentage cover (84.53%) with respect to total geographical area of the state (ISFR 2021). Mizoram falls within a region which receives heavy annual rainfall with an average of 250–300 cm. Tropical semi-evergreen, tropical moist deciduous, subtropical broad-leaved hill, and subtropical pine forests are the most common vegetation types found in Mizoram. Survey and collection of mushrooms were undertaken during 2017–2020 in different localities, namely: Aibawk, Hmuifang, Muallunghu, Murlen, Ngengpu, Reiek, Sialsuk, Siphir, Sapianmaksak, Zokawthar, Zote, College Veng, Durtlang, Gosen Veng, Project Veng, Hnahthial, Lungpuitlang, Tlabung, Lengte, Phura, Sangyu, Tipa, Buangpui, and Chhim Veng. These localities are belonging to different forest types of Mizoram. A map of Mizoram showing different forest types is given in the Image 1.

The current names, systematic positions and nomenclature of mushrooms were taken from Index Fungorum and MycoBank. In the checklist of wild mushrooms, species are arranged alphabetically followed by accession number, families, orders, and classes.

 

Mushroom survey and collections

The sampling and collection of mushrooms were done from April 2017 to February 2020 as per the method suggested by Largent (1977). Field notes such as habit, habitat, odour, colour, and size of the pileus (cap), stipe and the presence or absence of volva, indusium or veil, and ring were noted in the field before collection and the samples were photographed in their natural habitats. The colour terminology as suggested by Kornerup & Wanscher (1978) was used to confirm mushroom colour. The macrofungi with leathery texture were preserved in 4% FAA solution (formaldehyde + acetic acid + ethyl alcohol + distilled water) whereas samples with soft texture were preserved in 2% FAA solution. Dried specimens were also preserved for identification, characterization, and documentation. Identification of the specimen was carried out by standard microscopic methods (Roy & De 1996) also considering various morphological characteristics of mushrooms such as their size, colour, presence or absence of volva, stipe, ring, scales, reticulum, zonation, striation, warts, cap, areolae, and gills. Identification of the specimens were carried out by standard microscopic methods (Gilbertson & Ryvarden 1986) using microscope (Olympus BX-50). All the dry mushroom samples were deposited in the mycology division under the Forest Protection Department of ICFRE-Rain Forest Research Institute, Assam for future reference.

 

 

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

 

A total of 152 wild mushrooms (Images 2–9) have been documented from 24 different localities of Mizoram which belong to 85 genera, 54 families, 19 orders, six classes, and two phyla (Table 1, Table 2 & Table 3). Out of the 152 wild mushrooms, 143 spp. belong to the phylum Basidiomycota and nine spp. to Ascomycota. The class Agaricomycetes (142 spp.) was found dominant followed by Pezizomycetes (3 spp.), Sordariomycetes (3 spp.), Leotiomycetes (two spp.), Dacrymycetes (1 sp.) and Geoglossomycetes (1 sp.) (Table 3). The order Agaricales (55 spp.) was found dominant followed by Polyporales (30 spp.), Boletales (21 spp.), Russulales (14 spp.), Hymenochaetales (6 spp.), Cantharellales (5 spp.) and so on (Table 2). The family Polyporaceae was found dominant with 19 species followed by Boletaceae (18 spp.), Russulaceae (11 spp.), Agaricaceae (6 spp.), Amanitaceae (6 spp.), Hydnaceae (5 spp.), Hymenochaetaceae (4 spp.), Clavariaceae (4 spp.), Hydnangiaceae (4 spp.), Inocybaceae (4 spp.), Omphalotaceae (4 spp.), and so on (Table 2). The five most represented genera were Ganoderma (7 spp.), Amanita (6 spp.), Russula (5 spp.), Boletus (5 spp.) and Lactarius (5 spp.). The frequency of occurrence was found maximum in Clavulina rugosa (83.33%) and Lactarius croceus (83.33%) followed by Lysurus periphragmoides (79.16%), Cantharellus formosus (70.83%) and so on (Table1).

Termitomyces heimii and Termitomyces clypeatus, have been characterized based on their vast heterogenous phylogeny, morphological traits, habitat and phenotypical appearance, such as the shape of their perforatorium, stipe length (cm), pileus length, margin and colour of fruiting body, gills, flesh, annulus, pseudorrhiza and spore print. Which was similar to earlier reported by Kumari et al. (2022). Genus Identification was done as per key given by Antonio (2020).

Recently, Akshaya et al. (2023) reported 62 macrofungi belonging to 43 genera, 24 families, and eight orders. Out of the eight orders, seven orders belong to the phylum Basidiomycota and the order Xylariales belongs to Ascomycota and they found Polyporaceae as the dominant family in the wet evergreen forests of Agasthyamala Biosphere Reserve, Western Ghats. They also found that Russulaceae is the most dominant family followed by Hygrophoraceae, Amanitaceae, Polyporaceae and so on. Gogoi & Parkash (2015b) found the order Agaricales with the highest number of species followed by Russulales, Polyporales, Cantharellales, and Boletales in Hollongapara Gibbon Wildlife Sanctuary, Assam. They reported the family Agaricaceae with the highest number of species followed by Tricholomataceae, Russulaceae, Marasmiaceae, Lyophyllaceae, and Psathyrellaceae. Roy et al. (2022) also found the order Agaricales with the highest number of species followed by Polyporales in northeastern India. They also found the three most represented genera, viz.: Russula, Amanita, and Lactarius. Paul et al. (2019) found the highest number of macrofungal species in the family Polyporaceae in Assam. They reported 82 species belonging to 51 genera, 34 families and 12 orders, out of which 11 orders belong to the phylum Basidiomycota and only one order – Xylariales belongs to Ascomycota. They also reported Ganoderma lucidum, Pleurotus ostreatus and Pycnoporous sanguineus are the species having the highest frequency of occurrence (100%) while the lowest frequency of occurrence was recorded for Cyathus striatus (10%).

Habitat-wise distribution of wild mushrooms of Mizoram revealed that maximum number of species were found on soil (61 spp.), followed by species associated with roots (30 spp.), dead wood (30 spp.), living trees (22 spp.), and termite mounds (3 spp.) (Figure 1). On the basis of morphological features, the collected species were grouped into nine groups, viz.: gilled fungi (95 spp.), boletes (18 spp.), polypores (17 spp.), coral fungi (10 spp.), chanterelles (3 spp.), puffballs (3 spp.), jelly fungi (3 spp.), stinkhorns (2 spp.), and cup fungi (1 sp.) (Figure 2). Based on living behaviour, they have been classified into three groups, viz.: saprobes (94 spp.), ectomycorrhizal (36 spp.), and parasites (22 spp.) (Figure 3). Tapwal et al. (2013) reported that the ecological preference of the fungal species was maximum as saprophyte followed by ectomycorrhizal and parasites in wet ever green tropical forest in Assam.

 

 

Conclusion

 

The wild edible mushrooms play a vital role in strengthening the livelihood of the tribal people. The current environmental issues of global warming and climate change would adversely affect the delicate fungi’s regeneration and growth pattern, which requires a specific micro-climate. Meticulous scientific screening of the wild edible mushrooms of Mizoram will help in understanding their henceforth unknown medicinal properties which will consequently be the source of nutritionally enriched diet to the tribal community along with additional therapeutic benefits.

Many reports have been published about the deaths caused by mushroom poisoning. There needs to be an immediate effort to prevent future loss of life. An awareness program should be initiated using radio, television, and newspapers to make people better aware of the hazards of mushroom poisoning. Exploration of hitherto unknown wild edible mushrooms will facilitate in developing and popularizing their artificial cultivation technology among the tribal masses which will ultimately be a new source of their livelihood.  

 

Table 1. List of mushroom species, their accession numbers, and families collected from Mizoram, India.

 

Name of species

Accession no.

Family

Frequency (%)

1

Abortiporus biennis (Bull.) Singer

RFRI-MZ-93

Podoscyphaceae

54.16

2

Agaricus bisporus (J.E.Lange) Imbach

RFRI-MZ-46

Agaricaceae

37.50

3

Agaricus bitorquis (Quél.) Sacc.

RFRI-MZ- 1

Agaricaceae

33.33

4

Agaricus silvaticus J.C.Schäffer

RFRI-MZ-2

Agaricaceae

41.66

5

Albatrellus ellisii (Berk. ex Cooke & Ellis) Pouzar

RFRI-MZ-15

Albatrellaceae

37.50

6

Amanita citrina Pers.

RFRI-MZ-179

Amanitaceae

37.55

7

Amanita fulva Fr.

RFRI-MZ-20

Amanitaceae

54.16

8

Amanita macerisolum

RFRI-MZ-173

Amanitaceae

37.55

9

Amanita marmorata (Cleland & E.-J.Gilbert) E

RFRI-MZ-23

Amanitaceae

41.66

10

Amanita phalloides (Vaill. ex Fr.) Link

RFRI-MZ-105

Amanitaceae

33.33

11

Amanita vaginata (Bull.) Lam.

RFRI-MZ-21

Amanitaceae

45.83

12

Auricularia cornea Ehrenb.

RFRI-MZ-48

Auriculariaceae

33.33

13

Baorangia bicolor (Kuntze) G.Wu

RFRI-MZ-170

Boletaceae

41.66

14

Bisporella citrina (Batsch) Korf & S.E.Carp.

RFRI-MZ-72

Helotiaceae

66.66

15

Boletinellus merulioides (Schwein.) Murrill

RFRI-MZ-16

Boletinellaceae

37.50

16

Boletus bicolor Raddi

RFRI-MZ-34

Boletaceae

50.00

17

Boletus edulis Bull.

RFRI-MZ-13

Boletaceae

16.66

18

Boletus luridiformis Rostk.

RFRI-MZ-51

Boletaceae

66.66

19

Boletus mirabilis (Murrill) Murrill

RFRI-MZ-49

Boletaceae

58.33

20

Boletus zelleri (Murrill) Murrill

RFRI-MZ-50

Boletaceae

41.66

21

Calbovista subsculpta Morse

RFRI-MZ-131

Lycoperdaceae

50.00

22

Campanella caesia Romagn.

RFRI-MZ-28

Marasmiaceae

41.66

23

Cantharellus formosus Corner

RFRI-MZ-32

Hydnaceae

70.83

24

Cantharellus lateritius (Berk.) Singer

RFRI-MZ-61

Hydnaceae

37.50

25

Cerrena unicolor (Bull.) Murrill

RFRI-MZ-83

Cerrenaceae

41

.66

26

Clavaria fragilis Holmsk.

RFRI-MZ-18

Clavariaceae

58.33

27

Clavaria miniata Purton

RFRI-MZ-17

Clavariaceae

33.33

28

Clavaria zollingeri Lév.

RFRI-MZ-27

Clavariaceae

45.83

29

Clavulina cristata (Holmsk.) J.Schröt.

RFRI-MZ-60

Hydnaceae

45.83

30

Clavulina rugosa (Bull.) J.Schröt.

RFRI-MZ-59

Hydnaceae

83.33

31

Coltricia cinnamomea (Jacq.) Murrill

RFRI-MZ-11

Hymenochaetaceae

29.16

32

Coltricia montagnei (Fr.) Murrill

RFRI-MZ-3

Hymenochaetaceae

41.66

33

Coltricia perennis (L.) Murrill

RFRI-MZ-66

Hymenochaetaceae

45.83

34

Conocybe apala (Fr.) Arnolds

RFRI-MZ-126

Bolbitiaceae

37.50

35

Cookeina tricholoma (Mont.) Kuntze

RFRI-MZ-75

Sarcoscyphaceae

45.83

36

Coprinus disseminatus (Pers.) Gray

RFRI-MZ-134

Agaricaceae

45.83

37

Coprinus leiocephalus P.D.Orton

RFRI-MZ-7

Agaricaceae

37.55

38

Coprinus plicatilis (Curtis) Fr.

RFRI-MZ-8

Agaricaceae

54.16

39

Cortinarius corrugatus Peck

RFRI-MZ-30

Cortinariaceae

16.66

40

Cortinarius crassus Fr.

RFRI-MZ-136

Cortinariaceae

62.50

41

Craterellus tubaeformis (Fr.) Quél.

RFRI-MZ-169

Hydnaceae

29.16

42

Dacrymyces palmatus Bres.

RFRI-MZ-62

Dacrymycetaceae

37.50

43

Daldinia concentrica (Bolton) Ces. & deNotaris

RFRI-MZ-316

Hypoxylaceae

20.83

44

Enteridium splendens (Morgan) T.Macbr.

RFRI-MZ-74

Reticulariidae

20.83

45

Entoloma abortivum (Berk. & M.A.Curtis) Donk

RFRI-MZ-84

Entolomataceae

29.16

46

Entoloma lividum Quél.

RFRI-MZ-73

Entolomataceae

33.33

47

Entoloma squamatum Hesler

RFRI-MZ-129

Entolomaceae

41.66

48

Fomes fomentarius (L.) Fr.

RFRI-MZ-94

Polyporaceae

25.00

49

Fomitopsis ochracea Ryvarden & Stokland

RFRI-MZ-87

Fomitopsidaceae

37.50

50

Fomitopsis pinicola (Sw.) P.Karst.

RFRI-MZ-88

Fomitopsidaceae

45.83

51

Galiella rufa (Schwein.) Nannf. & Korf

RFRI-MZ-76

Sarcosomataceae

37.50

52

Ganoderma adspersum (Schulzer) Donk

RFRI-MZ-81

Polyporaceae

16.66

53

Ganoderma applanatum (Pers.) Pat.

RFRI-MZ-90

Polyporaceae

58.33

54

Ganoderma formosanum T.T.Chang & T.Chen

RFRI-MZ-9

Polyporaceae

20.83

55

Ganoderma lucidum (Curtis) P.Karst.

RFRI-MZ-91

Polyporaceae

29.16

56

Ganoderma oregonense Murrill

RFRI-MZ-89

Polyporaceae

33.33

57

Ganoderma sinense J.D.Zhao

RFRI-MZ-112

Polyporaceae

41.66

58

Ganoderma tsugae Murrill

RFRI-MZ-137

Polyporaceae

50.00

59

Geoglossum fallax E.J.Durand

RFRI-MZ-24

Geoglossaceae

62.50

60

Gloeophyllum sepiarium (Wulfen) P.Karst.

RFRI-MZ-65

Gloeophyllaceae

45.83

61

Grifola frondosa (Dicks.) Gray

RFRI-MZ-92

Grifolaceae

45.83

62

Gymnopilus junonius (Fr.) P.D.Orton

RFRI-MZ-31

Hymenogastraceae

16.66

63

Gymnopilus luteofolius (Peck) Singer

RFRI-MZ-68

Hymenogastraceae

70.83

64

Helvella atra J.König

RFRI-MZ-57

Helvellaceae

29.16

65

Hericium coralloides (Scop.) Pers.

RFRI-MZ-111

Hericiaceae

16.66

66

Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref.

RFRI-MZ-110

Bondarzewiaceae

29.16

67

Hygrocybe coccinea (Schaeff.) P.Kumm.

RFRI-MZ-78

Hygrophoraceae

50.00

68

Hygrocybe conica (Schaeff.) P.Kumm.

RFRI-MZ-319

Hygrophoraceae

66.66

69

Hypholoma fasciculare (Huds.) P.Kumm

RFRI-MZ-86

Strophariaceae

33.33

70

Inocybe flocculosa Sacc.

RFRI-MZ-37

Inocybaceae

41.66

71

Inocybe lapponica Kokkonen & Vauras

RFRI-MZ-164

Inocybaceae

45.83

72

Inocybe napipes J.E.Lange

RFRI-MZ-71

Inocybaceae

29.16

73

Inocybe sindonia (Fr.) P.Karst.

RFRI-MZ-38

Inocybaceae

37.50

74

Ischnoderma resinosum (Schrad.) P.Karst.

RFRI-MZ-85

Ischnodermataceae

45.83

75

Kuehneromyce smutabilis (Schaeff.) Singer & A.H.Sm.

RFRI-MZ-45

Strophariaceae

25.00

76

Laccaria affinis (Singer) Bon

RFRI-MZ-36

Hydnangiaceae

29.16

77

Laccaria fraterna (Sacc.) Pegler

RFRI-MZ-133

Hydnangiaceae

37.50

78

Laccaria laccata (Scop.) Cooke

RFRI-MZ-35

Hydnangiaceae

50.00

79

Laccaria vinaceoavellanea Hongo

RFRI-MZ-26

Hydnangiaceae

58.33

80

Lactarius croceus Burl.

RFRI-MZ-166

Russulaceae

83.33

81

Lactarius fragilis (Burl.) Hesler & A.H.Sm.

RFRI-MZ-115

Russulaceae

37.50

82

Lactarius piperatus (L.) Pers.

RFRI-MZ-33

Russulaceae

29.16

83

Lactarius vietus (Fr.) Fr.

RFRI-MZ-82

Russulaceae

45.83

84

Lactarius volemus (Fr.) Fr.

RFRI-MZ-147

Russulaceae

29.16

85

Lactifluus corrugis (Peck) Kuntze

RFRI-MZ-128

Russulaceae

54.16

86

Laetiporus cincinnatus (Morgan) Burds.

RFRI-MZ-108

Laetiporaceae

16.66

87

Laetiporus sulphureus (Bull.) Murrill

RFRI-MZ-106

Laetiporaceae

41.66

88

Leccinum scabrum (Bull.) Gray

RFRI-MZ-179

Boletaceae

29.16

89

Lentinula lateritia (Berk.) Pegler

RFRI-MZ-6

Omphalotaceae

45.83

90

Lentinus polychrous Lév.

RFRI-MZ-130

Polyporaceae

41.66

91

Lentinus sajor-caju (Fr.) Fr.

RFRI-MZ-95

Polyporaceae

37.50

92

Lentinus tigrinus (Bull.) Fr.

RFRI-MZ-143

Polyporaceae

54.16

93

Lenzites betulinus (L.) Fr.

RFRI-MZ-96

Polyporaceae

16.66

94

Leotia lubrica (Scop.) Pers.

RFRI-MZ-77

Leotiaceae

29.16

95

Lepiota brunneoincarnata Chodat & C.Martín

RFRI-MZ-41

Agaricaceae

33.33

96

Lepiota rubrotinctoides Murrill

RFRI-MZ-10

Agaricaceae

41.66

97

Lysurus periphragmoides (Klotzsch ex Hook.) Dring

RFRI-MZ-79

Phallaceae

79.16

98

Macrolepiota dolichaula (Berk. & Broome) Pegler & R.W.Rayne

RFRI-MZ- 123

Agaricaceae

33.33

99

Marasmiellus candidus (Fr.) Singer,

RFRI-MZ-39

Omphalotaceae

45.83

100

Marasmiellus ramealis (Bull.) Singer

RFRI-MZ-40

Omphalotaceae

37.50

101

Marasmius corrugatiformis Singer

RFRI-MZ-19

Marasmiaceae

29.16

102

Marasmius crinis-equi F.Muell. ex Kalchbr.

RFRI-MZ-59

Marasmiaceae

58.33

103

Mycena pura (Pers.) P.Kumm.

RFRI-MZ-314

Mycenaceae

41.66

104

Omphalotus illudens (Schwein.) Bresinsky & Besl

RFRI-MZ-107

Omphalotaceae

42.67

105

Panus rudis Fr.

RFRI-MZ-22

Panaceae

20.83

106

Phaeotrametes decipiens (Berk.) J.E.Wright

RFRI-MZ-103

Polyporaceae

45.83

107

Phallus indusiatus Vent.

RFRI-MZ-80

Phallaceae

50.00

108

Phellinus igniarius (L.) Quél.

RFRI-MZ-67

Hymenochaetaceae

70.83

109

Phylloporus rhodoxanthus (Schwein.) Bres.

RFRI-MZ-55

Boletaceae

33.33

110

Piptoporus betulinus (Bull.) P.Karst.

RFRI-MZ-101

Fomitopsidaceae

62.50

111

Pleurotus floridanus Singer

RFRI-MZ-125

Pleurotaceae

54.16

112

Pleurotus pulmonarius (Fr.) Quél.

RFRI-MZ-127

Pleurotaceae

20.83

113

Polyporus arcularius (Batsch) Fr.

RFRI-MZ-100

Polyporaceae

50.00

114

Polyporus badius (Pers.) Schwein.

RFRI-MZ-109

Polyporaceae

54.16

115

Postia caesiac (Schrad.) P.Karst.

RFRI-MZ-120

Polyporaceae

58.33

116

Psathyrella candolleana (Fr.) Maire

RFRI-MZ-43

Psathyrellaceae

41.66

117

Pycnoporus cinnabarinus (Jacq.) P.Karst.

RFRI-MZ-99

Polyporaceae

29.16

118

Pycnoporus sanguineus (L.) Murrill

RFRI-MZ-98

Polyporaceae

33.33

119

Ramaria formosa (Pers.) Quél.

RFRI-MZ-176

Gomphaceae

25.00

120

Ramaria myceliosa (Peck) Corner

RFRI-MZ-64

Gomphaceae

50.00

121

Ramaria stricta (Pers.) Quél.

RFRI-MZ-63

Gomphaceae

70.83

122

Ramariopsis kunzei (Fr.) Corner

RFRI-MZ-29

Clavariaceae

25.00

123

Russula brevipes Peck

RFRI-MZ-175

Russulaceae

54.16

124

Russula cremoricolor Earle

RFRI-MZ-113

Russulaceae

16.66

125

Russula emetica (Schaeff.) Pers.

RFRI-MZ-114

Russulaceae

54.16

126

Russula ochroleuca Fr.

RFRI-MZ-116

Russulaceae

58.33

127

Russula variata Banning

RFRI-MZ-117

Russulaceae

33.33

128

Schizophyllum commune Fr.

RFRI-MZ-44

Schizophyllaceae

50.00

129

Schizopora paradoxa (Schrad.) Donk

RFRI-MZ-69

Schizoporaceae

50.00

130

Scleroderma cepa Pers.

RFRI-MZ-56

Sclerodermataceae

41.66

131

Scleroderma citrinum Pers.

RFRI-MZ-124

Sclerodermataceae

33.33

132

Strobilomyces confusus Singer

RFRI-MZ-52

Boletaceae

20.83

133

Strobilomyces strobilaceus (Scop.) Berk.

RFRI-MZ-53

Boletaceae

45.83

134

Suillus bovinus (L.) Roussel

RFRI-MZ-168

Boletaceae

50.00

135

Suillus granulatus (L.) Roussel

RFRI-MZ-135

Boletaceae

41.66

136

Suillus luteus (L.) Roussel

RFRI-MZ-58

Boletaceae

16.66

137

Termitomyces clypeatus R.Heim

RFRI-MZ-12

Lyophyllaceae

16.66

138

Termitomyces fuliginosus R.Heim

RFRI-MZ-102

Lyophyllaceae

25.00

139

Termitomyces heimii Natarajan

RFRI-MZ-4

Lyophyllaceae

29.16

140

Thelephora anthocephala (Bull.) Fr.

RFRI-MZ-119

Thelephoraceae

37.50

141

Thelephora palmata (Scop.) Fr.

RFRI-MZ-118

Thelephoraceae

35.12

142

Trametes pubescens (Schumach.) Pilát

RFRI-MZ-97

Polyporaceae

41.66

143

Trichia decipiens (Pers.) T.Macbr.

RFRI-MZ-121

Trichiidae

20.83

144

Tylopilus badiceps (Peck) A.H.Sm. & Thiers

RFRI-MZ-54

Boletaceae

54.16

145

Tylopilus felleus (Bull.) P.Karst.

RFRI-MZ-104

Boletaceae

45.83

146

Tylopilus griseocarneus Wolfe & Halling

RFRI-MZ-14

Boletaceae

37.50

147

Volvariella bombycine (Schaeff.) Singer

RFRI-MZ-42

Pluteaceae

54.16

148

Volvariella taylorii (Berk. & Broome) Singer

RFRI-MZ-5

Pluteaceae

58.33

149

Xerocomus ripariellus Redeuilh

RFRI-MZ-301

Boletaceae

58.33

150

Xerocomus subtomentosus (L.) Quél.

RFRI-MZ-174

Boletaceae

41.66

151

Xylaria nigripes (Klotzsch) Cooke

RFRI-MZ-122

Xylariaceae

33.33

152

Xylaria polymorpha (Pers.) Grev.

RFRI-MZ-25

Xylariaceae

33.33

 

 

Table 2. Number of mushroom species present in each family and order.

 

Name of families

No. of species

Name of orders

No. of species

1

Agaricaceae

9

Agaricales

55

2

Albatrellaceae

1

Auriculariales

1

3

Amanitaceae

6

Boletales

21

4

Auriculariaceae

1

Cantharellales

5

5

Bolbitiaceae

1

Dacrymycetales

1

6

Boletaceae

18

Geoglossales

1

7

Boletinellaceae

1

Gloeophyllales

1

8

Bondarzewiaceae

1

Gomphales

3

9

Cerrenaceae

1

Helotiales

1

10

Clavariaceae

4

Hymenochaetales

6

11

Cortinariaceae

2

Leotiales

1

12

Dacrymycetaceae

1

Liceales

1

13

Entolomataceae

3

Pezizales

3

14

Fomitopsidaceae

3

Phallales

2

15

Geoglossaceae

1

Polyporales

30

16

Gloeophyllaceae

1

Russulales

14

17

Gomphaceae

3

Thelephorales

2

18

Grifolaceae

1

Trichiidia

1

19

Helotiaceae

1

Xylariales

3

20

Helvellaceae

1

Total species

152

21

Hericiaceae

1

 

 

22

Hydnaceae

5

 

 

23

Hydnangiaceae

4

 

 

24

Hygrophoraceae

2

 

 

25

Hymenochaetaceae

4

 

 

26

Hymenogastraceae

2

 

 

27

Hypoxylaceae

1

 

 

28

Inocybaceae

4

 

 

29

Ischnodermataceae

1

 

 

30

Laetiporaceae

2

 

 

31

Leotiaceae

1

 

 

32

Lycoperdaceae

1

 

 

33

Lyophyllaceae

3

 

 

34

Marasmiaceae

3

 

 

35

Mycenaceae

1

 

 

36

Omphalotaceae

4

 

 

37

Panaceae

1

 

 

38

Phallaceae

2

 

 

39

Pleurotaceae

2

 

 

40

Pluteaceae

2

 

 

41

Podoscyphaceae

1

 

 

42

Polyporaceae

19

 

 

43

Psathyrellaceae

1

 

 

44

Reticulariidae

1

 

 

45

Russulaceae

11

 

 

46

Sarcoscyphaceae

1

 

 

47

Sarcosomataceae

1

 

 

48

Schizophyllaceae

1

 

 

49

Schizoporaceae

1

 

 

50

Sclerodermataceae

2

 

 

51

Strophariaceae

2

 

 

52

Thelephoraceae

2

 

 

53

Trichiidae

1

 

 

54

Xylariaceae

2

 

 

 

Total species

152

 

 

 

Table 3. Numbers of mushroom species present in each order and division.

 

Name of classes

No. of species

Name of divisions

No. of species

1

Agaricomycetes

142

Ascomycota

9

2

Pezizomycetes

3

Basidiomycota

143

3

Sordariomycetes

3

Total species

152

4

Leotiomycetes

2

 

 

5

Dacrymycetes

1

 

 

6

Geoglossomycetes

1

 

 

 

Total species

152

 

 

 

For figures & images - - click here for full PDF

 

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