Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 October 2025 | 17(10): 27720–27733

 

ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) 

https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.8746.17.10.27720-27733

#8746 | Received 18 September 2023 | Final received 17 August 2025 | Finally accepted 22 September 2025

 

 

A review of 21st century studies on lizards (Reptilia: Squamata: Sauria) in northeastern India with an updated regional checklist

 

Manmath Bharali 1 , Manab Jyoti Kalita 2 , Narayan Sharma 3  & Ananda Ram Boro 4

 

 1 Department of Zoology, Cotton University, Panbazar, Guwahati, Assam, 781001, India.

 2 Department of Zoology, Madhab Choudhury College, Barpeta, Assam, 781301, India.

 3 Department of Environmental Biology and Wildlife Sciences, Cotton University, Panbazar, Guwahati, Assam 781001, India.

4 Department of Zoology, Pandu College, Pandu, Guwahati, Assam 781012, India.

1 manmathbharali9@gmail.com, 2 kalitamanabzoo@gmail.com (corresponding author), 3 narayan.sharma@cottonuniversity.ac.in,

4 boroanand7@gmail.com

 

 

Editor: S.R. Ganesh, Kalinga Foundation, Agumbe, India.             Date of publication: 26 October 2025 (online & print)

 

Citation: Bharali, M., M.J. Kalita, N. Sharma & A.R. Boro (2025). A review of 21st century studies on lizards (Reptilia: Squamata: Sauria) in northeastern India with an updated regional checklist. Journal of Threatened Taxa 17(10): 27720–27733. https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.8746.17.10.27720-27733

  

Copyright: © Bharali et al. 2025. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. JoTT allows unrestricted use, reproduction, and distribution of this article in any medium by providing adequate credit to the author(s) and the source of publication.

 

Funding: None.

 

Competing interests: The author declares no competing interests.

 

Author details: Manmath Bharali is a PhD scholar at Cotton University, India, with a primary research focus on herpetology. Manab Jyoti Kalita is an assistant professor at Madhab Choudhury College, Barpeta, and a PhD scholar at Gauhati University, India. His primary research interest lies in butterflies. Narayan Sharma serves as an assistant professor at Cotton University. His research encompasses various fields, including ecology, conservation biology, primatology, human–wildlife interaction, human ecology, urban ecology, and citizen science. Ananda Ram Boro has been working as an assistant professor at Pandu College, India, since 2008. His research primarily focuses on wildlife conservation, particularly on bat taxonomy.

 

Author contributions: MB drafted the manuscript, compiled data from various sources, and prepared the checklist of lizards with their regional distribution, accompanied by a map illustrating the study localities. MJK conceptualized the manuscript and contributed to the study’s design. NS enhanced the manuscript’s fluency and supervised its preparation. ARB assisted in designing the study.

 

Acknowledgments: The authors are grateful to the Department of Zoology, Pandu College; Department of Zoology, Gauhati University; and the Department of Zoology as well as the Department of Environmental Biology and Wildlife Sciences, Cotton University, for their constant support and encouragement. The authors are also thankful to their friends, families, and colleagues for their encouragement and assistance throughout the course of this study. Lastly, Manmath Bharali extends his sincere thanks to herpetologists Jayaditya Purkayastha and Sanath Chandra Bohra for their valuable insights that contributed to this study. He also gratefully acknowledges his fellow researchers Bijay Basfore and Pooja Das for their continued assistance and encouragement throughout the course of this work.

 

 

Abstract: The current study reviews saurian research undertaken in the 21st century in northeastern India. The scope of this review encompasses new species descriptions, range extensions, diversity assessments, systematic revisions, and species rediscoveries. In addition, it incorporates miscellaneous contributions, particularly those addressing myths, ecological aspects, conservation threats, and human-wildlife interactions documented from different states of the region. Based on published works from northeastern India, an updated checklist of the region’s lizard fauna is presented. The checklist comprises 84 species representing six families and 19 genera, with their conservation status assessed according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species.

 

Keywords: Diversity, ecology, myths, range extension, rediscovery, saurian research, species description, systematics.

 

 

 

Introduction

 

Lizards are a diverse group of ectothermic reptiles belonging to the order Squamata and are primarily confined to tropical regions. Globally, around 12,500 reptile species have been described, of which 929 occur in India (Uetz et al. 2025). Despite lizards contributing a considerable number to these figures (nearly 446 from India; Uetz et al. 2025), they have received comparatively less attention, as snakes represent a more prominent and culturally familiar group, whereas lizards remain relatively less recognized among the general public.

Foundational contributions towards establishing baseline data on Indian lizards were made by several authors, including Günther (1864), Boulenger (1885, 1890), and Smith (1935), which laid the groundwork for future studies in the country. Eight states of India, namely, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Tripura, and Sikkim, collectively form northeastern India, a region that lies within the Himalaya and Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspots and harbours exceptionally high levels of species richness and endemism.

During the British colonial period, significant contributions from northeastern India included several new species descriptions of the order Sauria, notably by Gray (1845, 1846, 1853), Blyth (1854), Jerdon (1870), and Daudin (1802), and later by Annandale (1905, 1908, 1912, 1913) and Boulenger (1885, 1887, 1917).

The recent integration of molecular techniques in lizard taxonomy has greatly aided in identifying and resolving cryptic species complexes that were once considered conspecific. Studies in the 21st century have primarily focused on describing new species from various complex groups, as well as taxonomic revalidations, and revisions of earlier-described species using molecular phylogenetics. This surge in new species descriptions underscores the region’s historical underestimation in terms of saurian diversity, largely due to limited sampling efforts (Purkayastha et al. 2020c).

With respect to genetic markers, most studies have relied exclusively on mitochondrial genes, while relatively few have employed both mitochondrial, and nuclear markers (Giri et al. 2019; Gowande et al. 2021; Mirza et al. 2022a), which are considered more robust for species delimitation. In the past eight years (2018–2025), 34 new species of lizards were described from northeastern India. The majority of these belong to the genus Cyrtodactylus Gray, 1827, which is recognized as the third largest vertebrate genus in the world (Agarwal et al. 2018a,b; Giri et al. 2019; Purkayastha et al. 2020a, 2021, 2022; Kamei & Mahony 2021; Mirza et al. 2021, 2022a,b; Bohra et al. 2022; Lalremsanga et al. 2022b, 2023a; Mahony & Kamei 2022; Boruah et al. 2024; Bharali et al. in press; Sayyed et al. 2025).

The current study reviews saurian research undertaken in northeastern India during the 21st century and presents an updated checklist of the region’s lizard fauna.

 

 

Materials and Methods

 

Relevant literature was obtained from the Reptile Database, Web of Science, and Google Scholar with additional references sourced by cross-checking citations within reviewed articles. The study was conducted between May 2023 and September 2025. The checklist was compiled from all peer-reviewed publications on lizards from northeastern India available up to September 2025, supplemented with data from Uetz et al. (2025). The conservation status of each species was verified using the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. In total, 73 publications were reviewed, and classified into six subcategories: new species discoveries, range extensions, diversity assessments, systematic revisions, rediscoveries, and miscellaneous contributions.

 

 

Results

 

New species discovery

In recent years, northeastern India has witnessed a surge in new species discoveries and descriptions. Since the beginning of the 21st century, there has been a marked increase in taxonomic efforts employing integrative approaches that combine morphological assessments with molecular phylogenetic analyses, mostly involving mitochondrial genes, particularly in geckos.

Following the restriction of Cyrtodactylus khasiensis Jerdon, 1870, to the Khasi Hills of Meghalaya by Agarwal et al. (2018a), at least 27 new species of the genus have since been described from northeastern India, including records from Tripura (Agarwal et al. 2018a), Assam (Agarwal et al. 2018b; Purkayastha et al. 2020a; Bharali et al. in press), Meghalaya (Agarwal et al. 2018b; Purkayastha et al. 2021, 2022; Kamei & Mahony 2021), Mizoram (Purkayastha et al. 2021, 2022; Lalremsanga et al. 2022b, 2023a; Bohra et al. 2022; Boruah et al. 2024), Nagaland (Agarwal et al. 2018b; Boruah et al. 2024), Manipur (Mahony & Kamei 2022; Boruah et al. 2024), and Arunachal Pradesh (Mirza et al. 2022b; Boruah et al. 2024). Outside of Cyrtodactylus, several additional discoveries have contributed to the region’s saurian diversity. Mahony (2009) described Cristidorsa otai (formerly Japalura otai) solely based on external morphology from Mizoram and simultaneously designated a lectotype for Japalura sagittifera from Upper Burma (present-day Myanmar) to stabilize its taxonomy. Datta-Roy et al. (2013) described Sphenomorphus apalpebratus, a spectacled lygosomatine skink from the sacred forests of Mawphlang, Meghalaya, which is distinguished from congeners by the presence of a permanent spectacle (brille) covering the eyes permanently. Giri et al. (2019) revised the genus Oriocalotes using morphological evidence in conjunction with nuclear and mitochondrial genomic data, placing it as a junior synonym of Calotes, thereby reassigning O. paulus to Calotes paulus, and also described Calotes zolaiking from Aizawl District, Mizoram, supported by morphological, phylogenetic, and osteological analyses. Wagner et al. (2021) revised the Calotes mystaceus complex using mitochondrial genes (12S rRNA and COI) and described Calotes geissleri, which had long been misidentified as C. mystaceus in northeastern India, while restricting C. mystaceus sensu stricto to the Irrawaddy Delta of southern Myanmar. Mirza et al. (2022a) established the genus Protoblepharus through the revision of Ablepharus, Asymblepharus, and Himalblepharus, and described Protoblepharus apatani from Talle Valley, Arunachal Pradesh, based on morphology, molecular data, and micro-CT scans of the skull. Lalremsanga et al. (2023b) described Gekko mizoramensis, a parachute gecko from Mizoram formerly considered conspecific with Gekko lionotum Annandale, 1905. Based on morphology and mitochondrial ND2 data, the species was recovered as a sister taxon to G. popaense within the lionotum group. Mirza et al. (2024) described Japalura mictophola, a montane-dwelling agamid from Arunachal Pradesh. Patel et al. (2024) described Calotes sinyik from the Subansiri River basin of Arunachal Pradesh, based on morphology and mitochondrial ND2 gene. Sayyed et al. (2025) described Cnemaspis brahmaputra from the northern bank of the Brahmaputra River, based on morphology and ND2 gene analysis. The species was recovered as the sister taxon to C. assamensis and together they were designated as the C. assamensis group within the podihuna clade.

 

Range extensions

Most studies on range extensions were based solely on classical taxonomy. Das & Ahmed (2007) reported Cnemaspis assamensis from the Ghorakhati Range of Kaziranga National Park, Assam thereby extending its known distribution about 200 km east of the type locality in Mayeng Reserve Forest, Kamrup District, Assam. As new state records, Das et al. (2009) documented Tropidophorus assamensis from the Barail Wildlife Sanctuary, Assam. Lalremsanga et al. (2010) recorded three species of lizards from Mizoram, namely, Calotes maria from Lengteng Wildlife Sanctuary, Champhai District; Calotes mystaceus (now regarded as a misidentification of Calotes geissleri) from Zotlang, Lunglei District; and Ophisaurus gracilis (now Dopasia gracilis) from Aizawl city. Das et al. (2011a) reported the occurrence of an invasive species of gecko, namely Hemidactylus flaviviridis, from Guwahati City of Assam, with remarks on its urbanized distribution. Majumder & Agarwala (2015) reported the agamid lizard Calotes emma from Tripura. Deepak et al. (2022) documented a specimen of Hemiphyllodactylus (Bleeker, 1860) from Namdapha Tiger Reserve, Changlang District, Arunachal Pradesh, representing the first record of the genus from eastern Himalaya and the Indian Himalayan region, but refrained from designating any species-specific identity to the specimen. Mirza et al. (2021) described Cyrtodactylus arunachalensis from Arunachal Pradesh, which was later synonymized with C. cayuensis by Boruah et al. (2024), thereby extending the species’ range, previously known only from Xizang, China.

Only a limited number of studies have integrated molecular approaches with classical taxonomy to assess lizard distributions. Muansanga et al. (2020) recorded Cyrtodactylus montanus from Dampa Tiger Reserve, Mizoram. Purkayastha et al. (2020d) confirmed the occurrence of Cyrtodactylus urbanus from Meghalaya. Decemson et al. (2021) reported Calotes geissleri from the Chandel District, Manipur, which was formerly regarded as Calotes mystaceus but has since been restricted to Myanmar (Wagner et al. 2021). Tariang et al. (2022) confirmed the presence of Calotes irawadi in Mizoram, which had earlier been misidentified as Calotes versicolor. Boruah et al. (2022) documented Calotes medogensis from Arunachal Pradesh, a species long confused with Calotes jerdoni due to the absence of clear morphological and molecular diagnostic data. Decemson et al. (2023) confirmed the occurrence of Calotes irawadi from Churachandpur District, Manipur, using both morphological and molecular evidence. More recently, Bohra et al. (2025) reported Calotes zolaiking from Cherrapunji, Meghalaya, marking the first record of this species outside its type locality at Durtlang, Aizawl District, Mizoram.

 

Diversity studies

Several studies on lizard diversity have been carried out in northeastern India over the past two decades. Books such as Jha & Thapa (2002), Ahmed et al. (2009), and Purkayastha (2013) provided comprehensive accounts of the saurian fauna of Sikkim, northeastern India, and Assam respectively. Additional diversity assessments have been conducted across different states of the region, including Assam (Das et al. 2009; Purkayastha et al. 2011; Islam & Saikia 2013; Purkayastha 2018, 2020c; Sengupta et al. 2019; Mahananda et al. 2023), Sikkim (Chettri et al. 2009), Arunachal Pradesh (Agarwal et al. 2010; Sinha et al. 2021), Tripura (Majumder et al. 2012; Purkayastha et al. 2020b), Mizoram (Lalrinchhana & Solanki 2015; Malsawmdawngliana et al. 2022; Gouda et al. 2024; Solanki & Parida 2024), and Meghalaya (Chandramouli et al. 2021).

 

Revisions

Several important taxonomic revisions have been conducted across different states of northeastern India. Purkayastha et al. (2010) reported Hemidactylus aquilonius from Assam, a member of the H. bowringii complex, and recommended replacing H. bowringii sensu stricto with H. aquilonius for the Indian subcontinent. They also restricted the distribution of H. bowringii sensu stricto to southern China and its adjacent regions. From Arunachal Pradesh, Gowande et al. (2021) conducted a detailed revision of Pseudocalotes austeniana, using molecular phylogenetic data derived from mitochondrial and nuclear genes. Their analysis revealed that the genus Pseudocalotes is polyphyletic and comprises two distinct clades. Pseudocalotes austeniana was not nested within either clade but instead formed a sister lineage to the genus Japalura sensu stricto. Accordingly, the species was transferred to Japalura austeniana.

Sengupta et al. (2021) re-diagnosed Cnemaspis assamensis based on the original type series and newly collected specimens from Guwahati, Assam. They also provided the first molecular data for the species and confirmed the presence of precloaco-femoral pores, which had been reported as absent in the original description. Boruah et al. (2022) designated a lectotype for Calotes jerdoni to ensure taxonomic stability and presented an expanded morphological description of the species. Lalremsanga et al. (2022a) published a comprehensive study on Tropidophorus assamensis from Mizoram, updating its morphological data, adding distributional notes, and providing molecular data for the first time, thereby clarifying the phylogenetic position of T. assamensis among its congeners.

 

Rediscoveries

Several notable rediscoveries have been made in northeastern India in recent decades. Das & Das (2007) reported Japalura austeniana from West Kameng District, Arunachal Pradesh, nearly a century after its original description by Annandale (1908) from the type locality. Bhupathy et al. (2009) rediscovered Takydromus sikkimensis from the lower Teesta Valley, Sikkim, and designated a neotype to resolve uncertainties regarding the identity and existence of the species. Kunte & Manthey (2009) reported Japalura sagittifera from the tropical forests of Mehao Wildlife Sanctuary, Arunachal Pradesh, nearly 68 years after its last documented record. Originally described from northern Myanmar, this finding confirmed a significant range extension for the species into India. Islam & Saikia (2013) rediscovered Draco norvillii in Jeypore Reserve Forest, Assam, more than a century after its last known record from the state.

 

Miscellaneous

Das et al. (2007) reported reptilian mortality along the highway bordering the southern boundary of Kaziranga National Park, Assam. Das et al. (2011b) investigated the oral microflora of Hemidactylus frenatus and H. aquilonius from Guwahati, Assam, and documented the presence of Gram-positive Staphylococcus strains known to cause skin infections in mammals, although not fatal. Harit (2018) provided a preliminary report on reptile road mortality in Champhai District, Mizoram, and along the Indo-Myanmar border caused by vehicular traffic. Choudhary & Choudhary (2019) documented the persecution of monitor lizards in Barak Valley, Assam. Ranade & Purkayastha (2020) reported cannibalistic behaviour in Hemidactylus aquilonius based on observations from Rani, Assam. Ulman & Singh (2021) surveyed the population density, habitat preferences, and public perception of Gekko gecko in Nameri Tiger Reserve, Assam. Rai et al. (2023) provided insights into the sexual dimorphism and reproductive biology of Takydromus sikkimensis, highlighting female-biased size differences, seasonal male coloration, and a single annual breeding cycle with small clutch sizes. Thaosen et al. (2024) reported functional males in Hemidactylus garnotii from Mizoram, based on histological, and gonadal examinations, in a species previously considered to be entirely parthenogenetic.

 

 

DISCUSSION

 

Although northeastern India has witnessed a recent surge in saurian studies, research efforts remain unevenly distributed across the states. In contrast to states like Assam and Mizoram, where substantial work has been undertaken, states such as Nagaland and Manipur remain largely unexplored. These regions likely harbour undocumented taxa that may be revealed through systematic field surveys, thereby contributing to improved taxonomy, and conservation of regional herpetofauna.

Instances of misidentification were also noted among the reviewed literature. A prominent example concerns Cyrtodactylus khasiensis, the distribution of which was restricted to the Khasi Hills of Meghalaya by Agarwal et al. (2018a). This necessitates taxonomic revalidation of C. khasiensis records from Arunachal Pradesh (Agarwal et al. 2010), Nagaland (Bhupathy et al. 2013), Sikkim (Chettri et al. 2009), Tripura (Majumder et al. 2012), and Assam (Das et al. 2009; Agarwal et al. 2010; Purkayastha et al. 2011, 2020c; Islam & Saikia 2013). Similarly, Lalrinchhana & Solanki (2015) reported Hemidactylus brookii and Sphenomorphus maculatus from Dampa Tiger Reserve, Mizoram (see Figures 12 & 17 in Lalrinchhana & Solanki 2015), which appear to be conspecific with Hemidactylus frenatus and Eutropis sp., respectively. Furthermore, several checklists of saurian diversity from northeastern India such as Jha & Thapa (2002), Chettri et al. (2009), Ahmed et al. (2009), Agarwal et al. (2010), Majumder et al. (2012), and Purkayastha (2013), require updating as a number of the saurian species listed therein have since undergone taxonomic revisions. To address this, the present study provides an updated checklist of lizards from northeastern India (Table 1).

In conclusion, northeastern India holds immense potential for the discovery of many new cryptic lizard species that remain undocumented. This potential can be realized through extensive field surveys across poorly explored regions, supported by advanced statistical approaches for ecological, and morphological analyses. Furthermore, the integration of both mitochondrial, and nuclear markers in phylogenetic frameworks will be essential for resolving species complexes, and accurately documenting the region’s true saurian diversity.

 

Table 1. Distribution of lizards across northeastern India.

State abbreviations: AS—Assam | AR—Arunachal Pradesh | MI—Mizoram | ML—Meghalaya | TR—Tripura | SI—Sikkim | MA—Manipur | NA—Nagaland. IUCN Red List categories: EN—Endangered | VU—Vulnerable | NT—Near Threatened | LC—Least Concern | DD—Data Deficient | NE—Not Evaluated.

 

Family

Scientific name

Common name

IUCN Red List  status

Distribution in northeastern India

Citations

1

Varanidae

Varanus bengalensis (Daudin, 1802)

Bengal Monitor

NT

AR, AS, MI, SI, TR

Sinha et al. (2021), Das et al. (2009), Purkayastha et al. (2020c), Purkayastha et al. (2011), Sengupta et al. (2019), Islam & Saikia (2013), Purkayastha (2018), Mahananda et al. (2023), Lalrinchhana & Solanki (2015), Jha & Thapa (2002), Chettri et al. (2009), Purkayastha et al. (2020b), Ahmed et al. (2009), Choudhary & Choudhary (2019), Purkayastha (2013)

2

Varanidae

Varanus flavescens (Hardwicke & Gray, 1827)

Yellow Monitor

EN

AS

Purkayastha et al. (2020c), Islam & Saikia (2013), Purkayastha (2018), Mahananda et al. (2023), Ahmed et al. (2009), Purkayastha (2013)

3

Varanidae

Varanus salvator (Laurenti, 1768)

Asian Water Monitor

LC

AS, MI, NA, TR

Islam & Saikia (2013), Malsawmdawngliana et al. (2022), Lalrinchhana & Solanki (2015), Majumder et al. (2012), Ahmed et al. (2009), Choudhary & Choudhary (2019), Purkayastha (2013)

4

Gekkonidae

Cnemaspis assamensis Das & Sengupta, 2000

Assam Day Gecko

VU

AS

Purkayastha et al. (2020c), Purkayastha et al. (2011), Purkayastha (2018), Chandramouli et al. (2021), Mahananda et al. (2023), Ahmed et al. (2009), Das & Ahmed (2007), Sengupta et al. (2021), Purkayastha (2013)

5

Gekkonidae

Cnemaspis brahmaputra Sayyed, Das, Amarasinghe, Bhattacharjee & Purkayastha, 2025

Brahmaputra Day Gecko

NE

AS

Sayyed et al. (2025)

6

Gekkonidae

Cyrtodactylus aaronbaueri Purkayastha, Lalremsanga, Bohra, Biakzuala, Decemson, Muansanga, Vabeiryureilai & Rathee, 2021

Aaron Bauer’s Bent-toed Gecko

NE

MI

Purkayastha et al. (2021)

7

Gekkonidae

Cyrtodactylus agarwali Purkayastha, Lalremsanga, Bohra, Biakzuala, Decemson, Muansanga, Vabeiryureilai & Rathee, 2021

Agarwal’s Bent-toed Gecko

NE

ML

Purkayastha et al. (2021), Chandramouli et al. (2021)

8

Gekkonidae

Cyrtodactylus bapme Kamei & Mahony, 2021

Garo Hills Bent-toed Gecko

NE

ML

Kamei & Mahony (2021)

9

Gekkonidae

Cyrtodactylus barailensis Boruah, Narayanan, Deepak & Das, 2024

Barail Hills Bent-toed Gecko

NE

NA

Boruah et al. (2024)

10

Gekkonidae

Cyrtodactylus bengkhuaiai Purkayastha, Lalremsanga, Bohra, Biakzuala, Decemson, Muansanga, Vabeiryureilai & Rathee, 2021

Bengkhuaiai’s Bent-toed Gecko

NE

MI

Purkayastha et al. (2021)

11

Gekkonidae

Cyrtodactylus cayuensis Li, 2007

Cayu Bent-toed Gecko

LC

AR

Boruah et al. (2024)

12

Gekkonidae

Cyrtodactylus exercitus Purkayastha, Lalremsanga, Litho, Rathee, Bohra, Mathipi, Biakzuala & Muansanga, 2022

Indian Army’s Bent-toed Gecko

NE

ML

Purkayastha et al. (2022)

13

Gekkonidae

Cyrtodactylus gubernatoris (Annandale, 1913)

Sikkimese Bent-toed Gecko

DD

SI

Agarwal et al. (2018a)

14

Gekkonidae

Cyrtodactylus guwahatiensis Agarwal, Mahony, Giri, Chaitanya & Bauer, 2018

Guwahati Hill’s Bent-toed Gecko

DD

AS

Mahananda et al. (2023), Agarwal et al. (2018b)

15

Gekkonidae

Cyrtodactylus jaintiaensis Agarwal, Mahony, Giri, Chaitanya & Bauer, 2018

Jaintia Hills Bent-toed Gecko

DD

ML

Agarwal et al. (2018b)

16

Gekkonidae

Cyrtodactylus kamengensis Mirza, Bhosale, Thackeray, Phansalkar, Sawant, Gowande & Patel, 2022

Kameng Hills Bent-toed Gecko

NE

AR

Mirza et al. (2022b)

17

Gekkonidae

Cyrtodactylus karsticola Purkayastha, Lalremsanga, Bohra, Biakzuala, Decemson, Muansanga, Vabeiryureilai & Rathee, 2021

Karst Dwelling Bent-toed Gecko

NE

ML

Purkayastha et al. (2021)

18

Gekkonidae

Cyrtodactylus kazirangaensis Agarwal, Mahony, Giri, Chaitanya & Bauer, 2018

Kaziranga Bent-toed Gecko

DD

AS

Agarwal et al. (2018b)

19

Gekkonidae

Cyrtodactylus khasiensis (Jerdon, 1870)

Khasi Hills Bent-toed Gecko

DD

ML

Ahmed et al. (2009), Agarwal et al. (2018a)

20

Gekkonidae

Cyrtodactylus kiphire Boruah, Narayanan, Deepak & Das, 2024

Kiphire Bent-toed Gecko

NE

NA

Boruah et al. (2024)

21

Gekkonidae

Cyrtodactylus lungleiensis Lalremsanga, Chinliansiama, Chandra Bohra, Biakzuala, Vabeiryureilai, Muansanga, Malsawmdawngliana, Hmar, Decemson, Siammawii, Das, & Purkayastha, 2022

Lunglei Bent-toed Gecko

NE

MI

Lalremsanga et al. (2022b)

22

Gekkonidae

Cyrtodactylus manipurensis Boruah, Narayanan, Deepak & Das, 2024

Manipur Bent-toed Gecko

NE

MA

Boruah et al. (2024)

23

Gekkonidae

Cyrtodactylus montanus Agarwal, Mahony, Giri, Chaitanya & Bauer, 2018

Montane Bent-toed Gecko

CR

TR, MI

Agarwal et al. (2018b), Muansanga et al. (2020), Malsawmdawngliana et al. (2022)

24

Gekkonidae

Cyrtodactylus nagalandensis Agarwal, Mahony, Giri, Chaitanya & Bauer, 2018

Nagaland Bent-toed Gecko

DD

NA

Agarwal et al. (2018b)

25

Gekkonidae

Cyrtodactylus namdaphaensis Boruah, Narayanan, Deepak & Das, 2024

Namdapha Bent-toed Gecko

NE

AR

Boruah et al. (2024)

26

Gekkonidae

Cyrtodactylus namtiram Mahony & Kamei, 2022

Namtiram Bent-toed Gecko

NE

MA

Mahony & Kamei (2022)

27

Gekkonidae

Cyrtodactylus ngengpuiensis Boruah, Narayanan, Lalronunga, Deepak & Das, 2024

Ngengpui Bent-toed Gecko

NE

MI

Boruah et al. (2024)

28

Gekkonidae

Cyrtodactylus ngopensis Bohra, Zonunsanga, Das, Purkayastha, Biakzuala & Lalremsanga, 2022

Ngopa Hills Bent-toed Gecko

NE

MI

Bohra et al. (2022)

29

Gekkonidae

Cyrtodactylus septentrionalis Agarwal, Mahony, Giri, Chaitanya & Bauer, 2018

Northern Bent-toed Gecko

DD

AS

Agarwal et al. (2018b)

30

Gekkonidae

Cyrtodactylus siahaensis Purkayastha, Lalremsanga, Litho, Rathee, Bohra, Mathipi, Biakzuala & Muansanga, 2022

Siaha Bent-toed Gecko

NE

MI

Purkayastha et al. (2022)

31

Gekkonidae

Cyrtodactylus siangensis Boruah, Narayanan, Aravind, Deepak & Das, 2024

Siang Valley Bent-toed Gecko

NE

AR

Boruah et al. (2024)

32

Gekkonidae

Cyrtodactylus tripuraensis Agarwal, Mahony, Giri, Chaitanya & Bauer, 2018

Tripura Bent-toed Gecko

LC

TR

Agarwal et al. (2018a), Purkayastha et al. (2020b)

33

Gekkonidae

Cyrtodactylus urbanus Purkayastha, Das, Bohra, Bauer & Agarwal, 2020

Urban Bent-toed Gecko

NE

AS, ML

Purkayastha et al. (2020a), Mahananda et al. (2023), Purkayastha et al. (2020d)

34

Gekkonidae

Cyrtodactylus vairengtensis Lalremsanga, Colney, Vabeiryureilai, Malsawmdawngliana, Bohra, Biakzuala, Muansanga, Das & Purkayastha, 2023

Vairengte Bent-toed Gecko

NE

MI

Lalremsanga et al. (2023a)

35

Gekkonidae

Cyrtodactylus vanarakshaka Bharali, Thaosen, Vabeiryureilai, Lalremsanga, Purkayastha, Bhattacharjee, Das, Bohra & Hazarika (in press)

Vanarakshaka Bent-toed Gecko

NE

AS

Bharali et al. in press

36

Gekkonidae

Gekko gecko (Linnaeus, 1758)

Tokay Gecko

LC

AR, AS, ML, MI, TR

Sinha et al. (2021), Das et al. (2009), Purkayastha et al. (2020c), Purkayastha et al. (2011), Sengupta et al. (2019), Islam & Saikia (2013), Purkayastha (2018), Chandramouli et al. (2021), Mahananda et al. (2023), Malsawmdawngliana et al. (2022), Lalrinchhana & Solanki (2015), Purkayastha et al. (2020b), Majumder et al. (2012), Ahmed et al. (2009), Das et al. (2007), Ulman & Singh (2021), Purkayastha (2013)

37

Gekkonidae

Gekko mizoramensis Lalremsanga, Muansanga, Vabeiryureilai & Mirza, 2023

Mizoram Gliding Gecko

NE

MI

Ahmed et al. (2009), Lalremsanga et al. (2023b)

38

Gekkonidae

Hemidactylus aquilonius Mcmahan & Zug, 2007

Northern Smooth Scaled Gecko

LC

AS, SI, TR

Purkayastha et al. (2020c), Purkayastha et al. (2011), Purkayastha (2018), Mahananda et al. (2023), Jha & Thapa (2002), Chettri et al. (2009), Purkayastha et al. (2020b), Ahmed et al. (2009), Purkayastha et al. (2010), Ranade & Purkayastha (2020), Das et al. (2011b), Purkayastha (2013)

39

Gekkonidae

Hemidactylus cf. malcolmsmithi (Constable, 1949)

Malcolm’s Bow-fingered gecko

DD

AR, AS, MI, TR

Sinha et al. (2021), Purkayastha et al. (2020c), Purkayastha et al. (2011), Sengupta et al. (2019), Islam & Saikia (2013), Purkayastha (2018), Mahananda et al. (2023), Lalrinchhana & Solanki (2015), Purkayastha et al. (2020b), Ahmed et al. (2009), Purkayastha (2013), Manmath Bharali pers. obs. unpublished data.

40

Gekkonidae

Hemidactylus flaviviridis Rüppell, 1835

Northern House Gecko

LC

AS, SI

Purkayastha et al. (2011), Sengupta et al. (2019), Purkayastha (2018), Jha & Thapa (2002), Ahmed et al. (2009), Purkayastha (2013)

41

Gekkonidae

Hemidactylus frenatus Duméril & Bibron, 1836

Common House Gecko

LC

AR, AS, ML, MI, SI, TR

Agarwal et al. (2010), Sinha et al. (2021), Das et al. (2009), Purkayastha et al. (2020c), Purkayastha et al. (2011), Sengupta et al. (2019), Islam & Saikia (2013), Purkayastha (2018), Chandramouli et al. (2021), Mahananda et al. (2023), Malsawmdawngliana et al. (2022), Lalrinchhana & Solanki (2015), Chettri et al. (2009), Purkayastha et al. (2020b), Ahmed et al. (2009), Das et al. (2011b), Purkayastha (2013)

42

Gekkonidae

Hemidactylus garnotii Duméril & Bibron, 1836

Garnot’s House Gecko

LC

AS, MI, NA, SI

Purkayastha et al. (2011), Islam & Saikia (2013), Purkayastha (2018), Mahananda et al. (2023), Lalrinchhana & Solanki (2015), Jha & Thapa (2002), Chettri et al. (2009), Ahmed et al. (2009), Purkayastha (2013)

43

Gekkonidae

Hemidactylus platyurus (Schneider, 1797)

Flat-tailed House Gecko

LC

AR, AS, ML, MI, SI, TR

Agarwal et al. (2010), Das et al. (2009), Purkayastha et al. (2020c), Purkayastha et al. (2011), Purkayastha (2018), Chandramouli et al. (2021), Mahananda et al. (2023), Malsawmdawngliana et al. (2022), Lalrinchhana & Solanki (2015), Jha & Thapa (2002), Chettri et al. (2009), Purkayastha et al. (2020b), Ahmed et al. (2009), Das et al. (2007)

44

Gekkonidae

Hemiphyllodactylus sp.

Slender Gecko

NE

AR

Deepak et al. (2022)

45

Agamidae

Calotes cf. vultuosus (Harlan, 1829)

Oriental Garden Lizard

LC

AR, AS, MI, NA, SI, TR

Agarwal et al. (2010), Sinha et al. (2021), Das et al. (2009), Purkayastha et al. (2020c), Purkayastha (2013), Purkayastha et al. (2011), Sengupta et al. (2019), Islam & Saikia (2013), Purkayastha (2018), Mahananda et al. (2023), Lalrinchhana & Solanki (2015), Jha & Thapa (2002), Chettri et al. (2009), Purkayastha et al. (2020b), Majumder et al. (2012), Ahmed et al. (2009), Das et al. (2007), Harit (2018)

46

Agamidae

Calotes emma Gray, 1845

Emma Grey’s Forest Lizard

LC

AS, ML, MI, NA, TR

Das et al. (2009), Purkayastha (2013), Chandramouli et al. (2021), Malsawmdawngliana et al. (2022), Lalrinchhana & Solanki (2015), Ahmed et al. (2009), Majumder & Agarwala (2015)

47

Agamidae

Calotes geissleri Wagner, Ihlow, Hartmann, Flecks, Schmitz & Böhme, 2021

Geissler’s Forest Lizard

NE

NA, MI, MA

Ahmed et al. (2009), Lalremsanga et al. (2010), Wagner et al. (2021), Decemson et al. (2021)

48

Agamidae

Calotes irawadi Zug, Brown, Schulte & Vindum, 2006

Irawaddy Crested Lizard

LC

AS, ML, MI, MA

Das et al. (2009), Chandramouli et al. (2021), Malsawmdawngliana et al. (2022), Lalrinchhana & Solanki (2015), Tariang et al. (2022), Decemson et al. (2023)

49

Agamidae

Calotes jerdoni Günther, 1870

Jerdon’s Forest Lizard

LC

AR, AS, NA, SI, MI

Sinha et al. (2021), Purkayastha (2013), Das et al. (2009), Sengupta et al. (2019), Jha & Thapa (2002), Chettri et al. (2009), Ahmed et al. (2009), Harit (2018)

50

Agamidae

Calotes maria Gray, 1845

Khasi Hills Forest Lizard

LC

ML, AS, NA, MI

Chandramouli et al. (2021), Mahananda et al. (2023), Ahmed et al. (2009), Lalremsanga et al. (2010), Purkayastha (2013)

51

Agamidae

Calotes medogensis Zhao & Li, 1984

Medog Bloodsucker

LC

AR

Boruah et al. (2022)

52

Agamidae

Calotes paulus Smith, 1935

Small Forest Lizard

EN

ML

Ahmed et al. (2009), Giri et al. (2019),

53

Agamidae

Calotes sinyik Patel, Thackerey, Sheth, Khandekar & Agarwal, 2024

Subansiri Dragon Lizard

NE

AR

Patel et al. (2024)

54

Agamidae

Calotes zolaiking Giri, Chaitanya, Mahony, Lalronunga, Lalrinchhana, Das, Sarkar, Karanth & Deepak, 2019

Mizoram Montane Forest Lizard

DD

MI, ML

Giri et al. (2019), Bohra et al. (2025)

55

Agamidae

Cristidorsa otai (Mahony, 2009)

Ota’s Mountain Lizard

DD

MI

Mahony (2009)

56

Agamidae

Cristidorsa planidorsata (Jerdon, 1870)

Smooth Scaled Mountain Lizard

LC

AS, ML, MI, TR

Das et al. (2009), Sengupta et al. (2019), Chandramouli et al. (2021), Mahananda et al. (2023), Malsawmdawngliana et al. (2022), Lalrinchhana & Solanki (2015), Purkayastha et al. (2020b), Ahmed et al. (2009), Purkayastha (2013)

57

Agamidae

Draco blanfordii Boulenger, 1885

Blanford’s Flying Lizard

LC

MI

Lalrinchhana & Solanki (2015), Jha & Thapa (2002), Ahmed et al. (2009)

58

Agamidae

Draco maculatus (Gray, 1845)

Spotted Flying Dragon

LC

AS

Mahananda et al. (2023), Lalrinchhana & Solanki (2015), Ahmed et al. (2009), Purkayastha (2013)

59

Agamidae

Draco norvillii Alcock, 1895

Norvill’s Flying Lizard

NT

AS

Islam & Saikia (2013), Purkayastha (2013)

60

Agamidae

Japalura andersoniana Annandale, 1905

Anderson’s Mountain Lizard

LC

AR

Agarwal et al. (2010), Ahmed et al. (2009)

61

Agamidae

Japalura austeniana (Annandale, 1908)

Abor Hills Agama

LC

AR

Agarwal et al. (2010), Ahmed et al. (2009), Mirza et al. (2024), Gowande et al. (2021), Das & Das (2007)

62

Agamidae

Japalura mictophola Mirza, Gowande, Thackeray, Bhosale, Sawant, Phansalkar & Patel, 2024

Mix-scaled Mountain Lizard

NE

AR

Mirza et al. (2024)

63

Agamidae

Japalura sagittifera Smith, 1940

Burmese Japalura

DD

AR

Kunte & Manthey (2009)

64

Agamidae

Japalura tricarinata (Blyth, 1853)

Three-keeled Mountain Lizard

LC

SI

Jha & Thapa (2002), Chettri et al. (2009)

65

Agamidae

Japalura variegata Gray, 1853

Variegated Mountain Lizard

LC

AR

Agarwal et al. (2010), Jha & Thapa (2002), Chettri et al. (2009), Ahmed et al. (2009)

66

Agamidae

Ptyctolaemus gularis Peters, 1864

Green Fan-throated Lizard

LC

AS, ML, MI, NA, TR

Purkayastha et al. (2020b), Purkayastha et al. (2011), Islam & Saikia (2013), Purkayastha (2018), Chandramouli et al. (2021), Mahananda et al. (2023), Malsawmdawngliana et al. (2022), Lalrinchhana & Solanki (2015), Purkayastha et al. (2020b), Ahmed et al. (2009), Harit (2018), Purkayastha (2013)

67

Lacertidae

Takydromus haughtonianus Jerdon, 1870

Goalpara Grass Lizard

DD

AS

Ahmed et al. (2009), Purkayastha (2013)

68

Lacertidae

Takydromus khasiensis Boulenger, 1917

Java Grass Lizard

LC

AS, ML

Das et al. (2009), Islam & Saikia (2013), Chandramouli et al. (2021), Mahananda et al. (2023), Ahmed et al. (2009), Purkayastha (2013)

69

Lacertidae

Takydromus sexlineatus Daudin, 1802

Asian Grass Lizard

LC

MI, SI

Lalrinchhana & Solanki (2015), Chettri et al. (2009), Ahmed et al. (2009)

70

Lacertidae

Takydromus sikkimensis Günther, 1888

Sikkim Grass Lizard

EN

SI

Bhupathy et al. (2009)

71

Scincidae

Ablepharus sikimmensis (Blyth, 1854)

Sikkim Ground Skink

LC

AR, SI

Agarwal et al. (2010), Jha & Thapa (2002), Chettri et al. (2009), Ahmed et al. (2009)

72

Scincidae

Eutropis carinata (Schneider, 1801)

Keeled Indian Mabuya

LC

SI, AS

Jha & Thapa (2002), Ahmed et al. (2009), Purkayastha (2013)

73

Scincidae

Eutropis cf. trivitta (Hardwicke & Gray, 1827)

Striped Grass Skink

LC

AR

Agarwal et al. (2010), Ahmed et al. (2009)

74

Scincidae

Eutropis macularia (Blyth, 1853)

Bronze Grass Skink

LC

AS, ML, MI, NA, TR

Das et al. (2009), Purkayastha et al. (2020c), Purkayastha et al. (2011), Sengupta et al. (2019), Islam & Saikia (2013), Purkayastha (2018), Chandramouli et al. (2021), Mahananda et al. (2023), Lalrinchhana & Solanki (2015), Purkayastha et al. (2020b), Majumder et al. (2012), Ahmed et al. (2009), Purkayastha (2013)

75

Scincidae

Eutropis multifasciata (Kuhl, 1820)

Many-lined Sun Skink

LC

AR, AS, ML, MI, TR

Sinha et al. (2021), Das et al. (2009), Purkayastha et al. (2020b), Purkayastha et al. (2011), Sengupta et al. (2019), Islam & Saikia (2013), Purkayastha (2018), Chandramouli et al. (2021), Mahananda et al. (2023), Lalrinchhana & Solanki (2015), Purkayastha et al. (2020b), Majumder et al. (2012), Ahmed et al. (2009), Das et al. (2007), Purkayastha (2013)

76

Scincidae

Eutropis quadricarinata (Boulenger, 1887)

Beautiful Mabuya

LC

AS

Das et al. (2009), Ahmed et al. (2009), Purkayastha (2013)

77

Scincidae

Protoblepharus apatani Mirza, Bragin, Bhosale, Gowande, Patel & Poyarkov, 2022

East-Himalayan Skink

NE

AR

Mirza et al. (2022a)

78

Scincidae

Riopa albopunctata Gray, 1846

White-spotted Supple Skink

LC

AS, TR

Purkayastha et al. (2020c), Purkayastha et al. (2011), Islam & Saikia (2013), Purkayastha (2018), Mahananda et al. (2023), Purkayastha et al. (2020b), Ahmed et al. (2009), Purkayastha (2013)

79

Scincidae

Sphenomorphus apalpebratus Datta-Roy, Das, Bauer, Lyngdoh-Tron & Karanth, 2013

Spectacled Forest Skink

NT

ML

Datta-Roy et al. (2013)

80

Scincidae

Sphenomorphus courcyanus (Annandale, 1912)

Medog Skink

LC

AR

Ahmed et al. (2009), Uetz et al. 2025

81

Scincidae

Sphenomorphus indicus (Gray, 1853)

Indian Forest Skink

LC

AR, ML, SI, MI, AS

Agarwal et al. (2010), Islam & Saikia (2013), Chandramouli et al. (2021), Lalrinchhana & Solanki (2015), Jha & Thapa (2002), Chettri et al. (2009), Ahmed et al. (2009), Harit (2018), Purkayastha (2013)

82

Scincidae

Sphenomorphus maculatus (Blyth, 1853)

Spotted Forest Skink

LC

AR, ML, MI, SI, TR, AS

Das et al. (2009), Purkayastha et al. (2011), Sengupta et al. (2019), Islam & Saikia (2013), Purkayastha (2018), Chandramouli et al. (2021), Mahananda et al. (2023), Malsawmdawngliana et al. (2022), Lalrinchhana & Solanki (2015), Jha & Thapa (2002), Chettri et al. (2009), Purkayastha et al. (2020b), Majumder et al. (2012), Ahmed et al. (2009), Harit (2018), Purkayastha (2013)

83

Scincidae

Tropidophorus assamensis Annandale, 1912

Northeastern Water Skink

VU

AS, MI

Das et al. (2009), Lalrinchhana & Solanki (2015), Ahmed et al. (2009), Lalremsanga et al. (2022a), Purkayastha (2013)

84

Anguidae

Dopasia gracilis (Gray, 1845)

Assam Glass Lizard

LC

NA, SI, MI

Jha & Thapa (2002), Ahmed et al. (2009), Lalremsanga et al. (2010), Purkayastha (2013)

 

 

For figure - - click here for full PDF

 

 

REFERENCES

 

Agarwal, I., S. Biswas, A.M. Bauer, E. Greenbaum, T.R. Jackman, A.D. Silva & S. Batuwita (2017). Cryptic species, taxonomic inflation, or a bit of both? New species phenomenon in Sri Lanka as suggested by a phylogeny of dwarf geckos (Reptilia, Squamata, Gekkonidae, Cnemaspis). Systematics and Biodiversity 15(5): 427–439. https://doi.org/10.1080/14772000.2017.1282553

Agarwal, I., S. Mahony, V.B. Giri, R. Chaitanya & A.M. Bauer (2018a). Two new species of bent-toed geckos, Cyrtodactylus Gray, 1827 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from northeastern India with comments on name-bearing types from the region. Zootaxa 4420(3): 334–356. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4420.3.2

Agarwal, I., S. Mahony, V.B. Giri, R. Chaitanya & A.M. Bauer (2018b). Six new Cyrtodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from northeastern India. Zootaxa 4524(5): 501–535. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4524.5.1

Agarwal, I., V.K. Mistry & R. Athreya (2010). A preliminary checklist of the reptiles of Eaglenest Wildlife Sanctuary, West Kameng District, Arunachal Pradesh, India. Russian Journal of Herpetology 17(2): 81–93.

Ahmed, M.F., A. Das & S.K. Dutta (2009). Amphibians and Reptiles of Northeastern India: A Photographic Guide. Aaranyak, Guwahati, Assam, India, 169 pp.

Alcock, A. (1895). On a new species of flying lizard from Assam. The Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 64(1): 14–15.

Annandale, N. (1905). Notes on some Oriental geckos in the Indian Museum, Calcutta, with descriptions of new forms. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, including Zoology, Botany and Geology 7(15): 26–32.

Annandale, N. (1908). Description of a new species of lizard of the genus Salea from Assam. Records of the Zoological Survey of India 2(1): 37–38. https://doi.org/10.26515/rzsi/v2/i1/1908/163304

Annandale, N. (1912). Zoological results of the Abor Expedition, 1911–1912. Records of the Indian Museum 8(1): 7–59 [Reptilia: 37–59]. Supplement: Records of the Indian Museum 8(4): 357–358 (1914).

Annandale, N. (1913). The Indian geckos of the genus Gymnodactylus. Records of the Zoological Survey of India 9(4): 99–109. https://doi.org/10.26515/rzsi/v9/i4/1913/163665

Bharali, M., K. Thaosen, M. Vabeiryureilai, H.T. Lalremsanga, J. Purkayastha, R. Bhattacharjee, M. Das, S.C. Bohra, A.K. Hazarika (in press). A new species of Cyrtodactylus Gray, 1827 (Reptilia: Squamata: Gekkonidae) from the montane forests of Dima Hasao District, Assam, India. Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity. Available online 18 July 2025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japb.2025.06.008

Bhupathy, S., B. Chettri & A.M. Bauer (2009). Rediscovery and revalidation of Takydromus sikkimensis (Günther, 1888) (Squamata: Lacertidae) from Sikkim, India. Journal of Herpetology 43(2): 267–274. https://doi.org/10.1670/08-136R1.1

Bleeker, P. (1860). Reptilien van Agam. Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indie 20: 325–329.

Blyth, E. (1854). Notices and descriptions of various reptiles, new or little known. The Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 22: 639–655.

Bohra, S.C., H.T. Zonunsanga, M. Das, J. Purkayastha, L. Biakzuala & H.T. Lalremsanga (2022). Morphological and molecular phylogenetic data reveal another new species of bent-toed gecko (Cyrtodactylus Gray: Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Mizoram, India. Journal of Natural History 56(41–44): 1585–1608. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2119178

Bohra, S.C., C. Ranglong, G. Thongni, B. Wankhar, C.M. Umlong, M. Das, H. Warjri & J. Purkayastha (2025). Leaping from Mizoram to Meghalaya: first documentation of Calotes zolaiking Giri, Chaitanya, Mahony, Lalronunga, Lalrinchhana, Das, Sarkar, Karanth & Deepak, 2019 (Sauria: Agamidae) outside its type locality in Mizoram, India. Zootaxa 5642(4): 395–400. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.4.7

Boruah, B., S. Narayanan, N.A. Aravind, S. Lalronunga, V. Deepak & A. Das (2024). Description of six new species of Cyrtodactylus Gray (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from northeastern India. Vertebrate Zoology 74: 453–486. https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.74.e124752

Boruah, B., S. Narayanan, V. Deepak & A. Das (2022). Morphological and molecular differences in two closely related Calotes Cuvier, 1817 (Squamata: Agamidae: Draconinae) with the first record of Calotes medogensis Zhao & Li, 1984 from India. Zootaxa 5219(5): 433–455. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5219.5.3

Boulenger, G.A. (1885). Catalogue of the Lizards in the British Museum (Natural History). Printed by order of the Trustees, London, 428 pp.

Boulenger, G.A. (1887). An account of the scincoid lizards collected in Burma, for the Genoa Civic Museum, by Messrs. G.B. Comotto & L. Fea. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova 4(2): 618–624.

Boulenger, G.A. (1890). The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Reptilia and Batrachia. Taylor & Francis, London, 541 pp.

Boulenger, G.A. (1903). Descriptions of new lizards in the collection of the British Museum. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 12(7): 429–435.

Boulenger, G.A. (1917). A revision of the lizards of the genus Tachydromus. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 13(4): 207–235.

Chandramouli, S.R., R.S. Naveen, S. Sureshmarimuthu, S. Babu, P.V. Karunakaran & H.N. Kumara (2021). Catalogue of herpetological specimens from Meghalaya, India at the Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History. Journal of Threatened Taxa 13(11): 19603–19610. https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.7318.13.11.19603-19610

Che, J., K. Jiang, F. Yan & Y. Zhang (2020). Amphibians and Reptiles in Tibet—Diversity and Evolution. Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 803 pp.

Chettri, B., S. Bhupathy & B.K. Acharya (2009). Distribution pattern of reptiles along an eastern Himalayan elevation gradient, India. Acta Oecologica 36(1): 16–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actao.2009.09.004

Choudhury, A.S. & P. Choudhury (2019). Cruelty to Varanus species of the Barak Valley, Assam, India. Biawak 13(1): 50–53.

Das, A. & I. Das (2007). Rediscovery of Mictopholis austeniana (Annandale, 1908) (Squamata: Agamidae). Current Herpetology 26(1): 45–47.

Das, A. & M.F. Ahmed (2007). Range extension of Assamese Day Gekko Cnemaspis assamensis Das and Sengupta (Sauria: Gekkonidae). Zoos’ Print Journal 22(6): 2720. https://doi.org/10.11609/JoTT.ZPJ.1513a.2720

Das, A., M.F. Ahmed, B.P. Lahkar & P. Sharma (2007). A preliminary report of reptilian mortality on road due to vehicular movement near Kaziranga National Park, Assam, India. Zoos’ Print Journal 22(7): 2742–2744. https://doi.org/10.11609/JoTT.ZPJ.1541.2742-4

Das, A., U. Saikia, B.H.C.K. Murthy, S. Dey & S.K. Dutta (2009). A herpetofaunal inventory of Barail Wildlife Sanctuary and adjacent regions, Assam, north-eastern India. Hamadryad 34(1): 117–134.

Das, I. & S. Sengupta (2000). A new species of Cnemaspis (Sauria: Gekkonidae) from Assam, northeastern India. Journal of South Asian Natural History 5(1): 17–24.

Das, M., J. Purkayastha, A.M. Bauer & S. Sengupta (2011a). Hemidactylus flaviviridis Rüppell, 1835 (Sauria: Gekkonidae), an invasive gecko in Assam. North-Western Journal of Zoology 7(1): 98–104.

Das, M., R.K. Brahma & J. Purkayastha (2011b). More in our mind than in their mouth? A preliminary inspection inside the oral cavity of two house geckos: Hemidactylus frenatus Schlegel, 1836 and Hemidactylus aquilonius McMahan & Zug, 2007. Herpetology Notes 4: 303–306.

Datta-Roy, A., I. Das, A.M. Bauer, R.K.L. Tron & P. Karanth (2013). Lizard wears shades. A spectacled Sphenomorphus (Squamata: Scincidae) from the sacred forests of Mawphlang, Meghalaya, northeastern India. Zootaxa 3701(2): 257–276. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3701.2.7

Daudin, F.M. (1802). Histoire naturelle, générale et particulière des reptiles, ouvrage faisant suite à l’histoire naturelle, générale et particulière composée par Leclerc de Buffon, et rédigée par C.S. Sonnini, Vol. 1. F. Dufart, Paris, 452 pp.

Decemson, H., R.R. Sinate, L. Biakzuala, V. Mathipi, P. Lalnuntluanga, J. Malsawma & H.T. Lalremsanga (2023). Confirmation of Irawadi Forest Lizard, Calotes irawadi Zug, Brown, Schulte and Vindum 2006 (Squamata: Agamidae), from Manipur, northeastern India. Reptiles & Amphibians 30(1): e17043. https://doi.org/10.17161/randa.v30i1.17043

Decemson, H.T., M. Vabeiryureilai, L. Lalbiakzuala & H.T. Lalremsanga (2021). Confirmation on the occurrence of Calotes geissleri Wagner, Ihlow, Hartman, Flecks, Schmitz and Böhme, 2021 (Sauria: Agamidae) in Chandel, Manipur, India with comments on its phylogenetic position. Journal of Animal Diversity 3(4): 14–19. http://doi.org/10.52547/JAD.2021.3.4.2

Deepak, C.K., D. Kaushik & C. Kailash (2022). First record of Hemiphyllodactylus Bleeker, 1860 (Squamata: Sauria: Gekkonidae) from the Eastern Himalayas. Russian Journal of Herpetology 29(6): 367–372. https://doi.org/10.30906/1026-2296-2022-29-6-367-372

Duméril, A.M.C. & G. Bibron (1836). Erpétologie Générale ou Histoire Naturelle Complète des Reptiles. Vol. 3. Librairie Encyclopédique Roret, Paris, 528 pp.

Duméril, A.M.C. & G. Bibron (1837). Erpétologie Générale ou Histoire Naturelle Complète des Reptiles. Vol. 4. Librairie Encyclopédique Roret, Paris, 570 pp.

Giri, V.B., R. Chaitanya, S. Mahony, S. Lalrounga, C. Lalrinchhana, A. Das, V. Sarkar, P. Karanth & V. Deepak (2019). On the systematic status of the genus Oriocalotes Günther, 1864 (Squamata: Agamidae: Draconinae) with the description of a new species from Mizoram State, northeastern India. Zootaxa 4638(4): 451–484. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4638.4.1

Gouda, S., H. Decemson, F. Malsawmdawngliana, L. Biakzuala & H.T. Lalremsanga (2023). Threat assessment and conservation challenges for the herpetofaunal diversity of Dampa Tiger Reserve, Mizoram, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 15(10): 24016–24031. https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.8590.15.10.24016-24031

Gowande, G.G., H.S. Bhosale, P.U. Phansalkar, M. Sawant & Z.A. Mirza (2021). On the systematics and the phylogenetic position of the poorly known, montane dragon-lizard species Pseudocalotes austeniana (Annandale, 1908) (Squamata: Agamidae: Draconinae). Evolutionary Systematics 5(1): 141–150. https://doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.5.67137

Gray, J.E. (1827). A synopsis of the genera of saurian reptiles in which some new genera are indicated, and the others reviewed by actual examination. Philosophical Magazine, London 2(2): 54–58.

Gray, J.E. (1845). Catalogue of the specimens of lizards in the collection of the British Museum. Trustees of the British Museum/Edward Newman, London, xxvii + 289 pp.

Gray, J.E. (1846). Descriptions of some new species of Indian Lizards. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 18(1): 429–430.

Gray, J.E. (1853). Descriptions of some undescribed species of reptiles collected by Dr. Joseph Hooker in the Khassia Mountains, east Bengal, and Sikkim Himalaya. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 12(2): 386–392.

Grismer, L.L., P.L. Wood Jr., N.A. Poyarkov, M.D. Le, F. Kraus, I. Agarwal, P.M. Oliver, S.N. Nguyen, T.Q. Nguyen, S. Karunarathna, L.J. Welton, B.L. Stuart, V.Q. Luu, A.M. Bauer, K.A. O’Connell, E.S.H. Quah, K.O. Chan, T. Ziegler, H. Ngo, R.A. Nazarov, A. Aowphol, S. Chomdej, C. Suwannapoom, C.D. Siler, S. Anuar, N.V. Tri & J.L. Grismer (2021). Phylogenetic partitioning of the third-largest vertebrate genus in the world, Cyrtodactylus Gray, 1827 (Reptilia; Squamata; Gekkonidae) and its relevance to taxonomy and conservation. Vertebrate Zoology 71: 101–154. https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.71.e59307

Grismer, L.L., M.K. Thura, M.S. Grismer, R.M. Brown & B.L. Stuart (2018). Geographically structured genetic variation in Ptychozoon lionotum (Squamata: Gekkonidae) and a new species from an isolated volcano in Myanmar. Zootaxa 4514(2): 202–214. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4514.2.4

Günther, A. (1864). The Reptiles of British India. Ray Society, London, xxvii + 452 pp.

Günther, A. (1870). Descriptions of a new Indian lizard of the genus Calotes. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1870: 778–779.

Günther, A. (1888). On a collection of reptiles from China. Journal of Natural History 1(3): 165–172.

Harit, D.N. (2018). Report on reptile mortality due to vehicular traffic on Indo-Myanmar border at Champhai District of Mizoram, north east India. Environment Conservation Journal 19(3): 133–138.

Islam, M. & P.K. Saikia (2013). Inventory and natural history of lizards in Jeypore Reserve Forest, Assam. Reptile Rap 16(1): 17–26.

Jerdon, T.C. (1870). Notes on Indian herpetology. Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 1870: 66–85.

Jha, A. & K. Thapa (2002). Reptiles and Amphibians of Sikkim. Mrs. Shila Jha, Chhattisgarh, 100 pp.

Kamei, R.G. & S. Mahony (2021). A new species of Bent-toed Gecko (Squamata: Gekkonidae: Cyrtodactylus Gray, 1827) from the Garo Hills, Meghalaya State, north-east India, and discussion of morphological variation for C. urbanus. Herpetological Journal 31(3): 177–196. https://doi.org/10.33256/31.3.177196

Kunte, K. & U. Manthey (2009). Wiederentdeckung von Japalura sagittifera (Sauria: Agamidae) in Arunachal Pradesh, Ost-Himalaya: Ein Erstnachweis für die indische Herpetofauna. Sauria 31: 49–55.

Lalremsanga, H.T., Z. Colney, M. Vabeiryureilai, F. Malsawmdawngliana, S.C. Bohra, L. Biakzuala, L. Muansanga, M. Das & J. Purkayastha (2023a). It’s all in the name: Another new Cyrtodactylus Gray (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from northern Mizoram, north-east India. Zootaxa 5369(4): 553–575. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5369.4.5

Lalremsanga, H.T., H. Chinliansiama, S.C. Bohra, L. Biakzuala, M. Vabeiryureilai, L. Muansanga, F. Malsawmdawngliana, G.Z. Hmar, H.T. Decemson, V. Siammawii, M. Das & J. Purkayastha (2022b). A new bent-toed gecko (Cyrtodactylus Gray: Squamata: Gekkonidae) from the state of Mizoram, India. Zootaxa 5093(4): 465–482. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5093.4.5

Lalremsanga, H.T., H. Decemson, M. Vabeiryureilai, F. Malsawmdawngliana, V. Lalhlimpuia, L. Muansanga & L. Biakzuala (2022a). Phylogenetic position of Tropidophorus assamensis Annandale, 1912 with updated morphological data and distributional records. Herpetological Journal 32(1): 1–4. https://doi.org/10.33256/32.1.14

Lalremsanga, H.T., L. Khawlhring & Lalrotluanga (2010). Three additional lizard (Squamata: Sauria) records for Mizoram, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 2(2): 718–720. https://doi.org/10.11609/JoTT.o2246.718-20

Lalremsanga, H.T., L. Muansanga, M. Vabeiryureilai & Z.A. Mirza (2023b). A new species of Parachute Gecko of the subgenus Ptychozoon (Sauria: Gekkonidae: Gekko) from the Indo-Burma region. Salamandra 59(2): 125–135.

Lalrinchhana, C. & G.S. Solanki (2015). Lizard (Reptilia: Sauria) diversity of Dampa Tiger Reserve, Mizoram, India. Science Vision 15(1): 19–28.

Laurenti, J.N. (1768). Specimen medicum, exhibens synopsin reptilium emendatam cum experimentis circa venena et antidota reptilium austracorum, quod authoritate et consensus. Joan. Thomae, Vienna, 217 pp.

Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema naturae, per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiæ, 824 pp.

Mahananda, P., S.N. Jelil, S.C. Bohra, N. Mahanta, R.B. Saikia & J. Purkayastha (2023). Terrestrial vertebrate and butterfly diversity of Garbhanga Landscape, Assam, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 15(4): 23029–23046. https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.8334.15.4.23029-23046

Mahony, S. & R.G. Kamei (2022). A new species of Cyrtodactylus Gray (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Manipur State, northeastern India, with a critical review highlighting extensive errors in literature covering bent-toed geckos of the Indo-Burma region. Journal of Natural History 55(39–40): 2445–2480. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2021.1994667

Mahony, S. (2009). A new species of Japalura (Reptilia: Agamidae) from northeastern Indiawith a discussion of the similar species Japalura sagittifera Smith, 1940 and Japalura planidorsata Jerdon, 1870. Zootaxa 2212(1): 41–61. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2212.1.2

Majumder, J. & B.K. Agarwala (2015). Calotes emma Gray, 1845 (Squamata: Agamidae): range extension and new addition to the reptilian fauna of Tripura, northeastern India. Check List 11(2): 1562. https://doi.org/10.15560/11.2.1562

Majumder, J., P.P. Bhattacharjee, K. Majumdar, C. Debnath & B.K. Agarwala (2012). Documentation of herpetofaunal species richness in Tripura, northeastern India. NeBio: An International Journal of Environment and Biodiversity 3(1): 60–70.

Malsawmdawngliana, B. Boruah, N.G. Patel, S. Lalronunga, I. Zosangliana, K. Lalhmangaiha & A. Das (2022). An updated checklist of reptiles from Dampa Tiger Reserve, Mizoram, India, with sixteen new distribution records. Journal of Threatened Taxa 14(10): 21946–21960. https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.8004.14.10.21946-21960

Mathew, R. (1995). State Fauna Series 4: Fauna of Meghalaya, Part 1. Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata: 379–454.

McMahan, C.D. & G.R. Zug (2007). Burmese Hemidactylus (Reptilia: Squamata: Gekkonidae): geographic variation in the morphology of Hemidactylus bowringii in Myanmar and Yunnan. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 58(23–30): 485–509.

Mirza, Z.A., A.M. Bragin, H. Bhosale, G.G. Gowande, H. Patel & N.A. Poyarkov (2022a). A new ancient lineage of ablepharine skinks (Sauria: Scincidae) from eastern Himalayas with notes on origin and systematics of the group. PeerJ 10(1): e12800. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12800

Mirza, Z.A., H. Bhosale, F. Ansari, P. Phansalkar, M. Sawant, G. Gowande & H. Patel (2021). A new species of geckos of the genus Cyrtodactylus Gray, 1827 from Arunachal Pradesh, India. Evolutionary Systematics 5(1): 13–23. https://doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.5.61667

Mirza, Z.A., H.S. Bhosale, T. Thackeray, P. Phansalkar, M. Sawant, G.G. Gowande & H. Patel (2022b). A new species of bent-toed geckos of the genus Cyrtodactylus Gray, 1827 from western Arunachal Pradesh, India. Herpetozoa 35(1): 65–76. https://doi.org/10.3897/herpetozoa.35.e80610

Mirza, Z.A., G. Gowande, T. Thackeray, H. Bhosale, M. Sawant, P. Phansalkar & H. Patel (2024). A new montane-dwelling species of Japalura Gray, 1853 (Squamata: Agamidae) from Arunachal Pradesh, India. Taprobanica 13(1): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.47605/tapro.v13i1.317

Muansanga, L., H. Decemson, L. Biakzuala, G.Z. Hmar, H.T. Lalremsanga, M. Das & J. Purkayastha (2020). First record of the Jampui Bent-toed Gecko, Cyrtodactylus montanus Agarwal, Mahony, Giri, Chaitanya & Bauer, 2018 (Squamata: Gekkonidae), from Mizoram, India. Reptiles & Amphibians 27(2): 267–268. https://doi.org/10.17161/randa.v27i2.14325

Patel, H., T. Thackeray, C. Sheth, A. Khandekar & I. Agarwal (2024). A new small-sized Calotes Cuvier (Squamata: Agamidae: Draconinae) from the Subansiri River Basin, Arunachal Pradesh, India. Zootaxa 5523(2): 151–170. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5523.2.1

Pawar, S.S., G.S. Rawat & B.C. Choudhury (2004). Recovery of frog and lizard communities following primary habitat alteration in Mizoram, northeastern India. BMC Ecology 4(1): 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6785-4-10

Purkayastha, J. (2013). An Amateur’s Guide to Reptiles of Assam. Eastern Book House Publishers (India), Guwahati, 144 pp.

Purkayastha, J. (2018). Urban biodiversity: an insight into the terrestrial vertebrate diversity of Guwahati, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 10(10): 12299–12316. https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.3721.10.10.12299-12316

Purkayastha, J., S.C. Bohra & M. Das (2020d). First record of the Urban Bent-toed Gecko, Cyrtodactylus urbanus Purkayastha, Das, Bohra, Bauer, and Agarwal, 2018 (Squamata: Gekkonidae), from Meghalaya, India. Reptiles & Amphibians 27(3): 512–513. https://doi.org/10.17161/randa.v27i3.14901

Purkayastha, J., H.T. Lalremsanga, B. Litho, Y.S. Rathee, S.C. Bohra, M. Vabeiryureilai, L. Biakzuala & L. Muansanga (2022). Two new Cyrtodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from northeastern India. European Journal of Taxonomy 794: 111–139. https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.794.1659

Purkayastha, J., H.T. Lalremsanga, S.C. Bohra, L. Biakzuala, H.T. Decemson, L. Muansanga, M. Vabeiryureilai, S. Chauhan & Y.S. Rathee (2021). Four new Bent-toed Geckos Cyrtodactylus Gray, 1827 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from northeastern India. Zootaxa 4980(3): 451–489. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.3.2

Purkayastha, J., M. Das & S. Sengupta (2011). Urban herpetofauna: a case study in Guwahati City of Assam, India. Herpetology Notes 4(1): 195–202.

Purkayastha, J., M. Das, A.M. Bauer, S. Sengupta & S.K. Dutta (2010). Notes on the Hemidactylus bowringii complex (Reptilia: Gekkonidae) in India, and a change to the national herpetofaunal list. Hamadryad 35(1): 20–27.

Purkayastha, J., M. Das, S.C. Bohra, A.M. Bauer & I. Agarwal (2020a). Another new Cyrtodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Guwahati, Assam, India. Zootaxa 4732(3): 375–392. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4732.3.2

Purkayastha, J., N. Khan & S. Roychoudhury (2020b). A preliminary checklist of herpetofauna occurring in Rowa Wildlife Sanctuary, Tripura, India, pp. 225–233. In: Förstner, U. & W.H. Rulkens (eds.). Environmental Science and Engineering. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32463-6_10

Purkayastha, J., S. Roychoudhury, B.B. Biswa, M. Das & S. Sengupta (2020c). Herpetofaunal Diversity and conservation status in Amchang Wildlife Sanctuary of Assam, India, pp. 217–223. In: Roy, N., S. Roychoudhury, S. Nautiyal, S. Agarwal & S. Baksi (eds.). Socio-economic and Ecobiological Dimensions in Resource Use and Conservation: Strategies for Sustainability. Springer, Cham.

Rai, A., R. Mothey & B. Chettri (2023). Sexual dimorphism and reproductive biology of a Sikkim Endemic Grass Lizard Takydromus sikkimensis (Squamata: Lacertidae) in the eastern Himalaya, India. Herpetological Conservation and Biology 18: 508–519.

Ranade, S. & J. Purkayastha (2020). Cannibalism in the Kachin Smooth Gecko, Hemidactylus aquilonius Zug & McMahan, 2007 (Squamata: Gekkonidae), from Assam, India. Reptiles & Amphibians 27(3): 514. https://doi.org/10.17161/randa.v27i3.14902

Rüppell, E. (1835). Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig, entdeckt und beschrieben. Amphibien. S. Schmerber, Frankfurt am Main, 18 pp.

Sauvage, H.E. (1879). Notice sur quelques reptiles nouveaux ou peu connus de la Nouvelle-Guinée. Bulletin des Sciences par la Société Philomatique de Paris, Série 7(3): 47–61.

Sayyed, A., M. Das, A.A.T. Amarasinghe, R. Bhattacharjee & J. Purkayastha (2025). A new day gecko of the Cnemaspis podihuna (Reptilia: Gekkonidae) clade from northeastern India. Taprobanica 14(2): 107–120. https://doi.org/10.47605/tapro.v14i2.363

Schneider, J.G. (1797). Amphibiorum Physiologiae Specimen Alterum Historiam et Species Generis Stellionum seu Geckonum Sistens. Frankfurt (Oder): C.L.F. Aitzi, 54 pp.

Sengupta, D., C.G. Borah & J. Phukon (2019). Assessment of the reptilian fauna in the Brahmaputra Plains of two districts in Assam, India. Reptiles & Amphibians 26(1): 65–67. https://doi.org/10.17161/randa.v26i1.14346

Sengupta, S., J. Purakayasta, N. Anandan, M. Das, K.O. Chan & C. Murthy (2021). The odd one in: re-diagnosis and phylogenetic placement of the Assam Day Gecko, Cnemaspis assamensis Das & Sengupta, 2000 (Squamata: Gekkonidae). Zootaxa 5048(4): 581–593. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5048.4.7

Sinha, B., K.P. Nath & S.D. Gurumayum (2021). Herpetofaunal diversity of Zoological Survey of India campus, Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh, India. Records of the Zoological Survey of India 121(3): 411–418. https://doi.org/10.26515/rzsi/v121/i3/2021/156654

Smith, M.A. (1935). The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Reptilia and Amphibia. Volume II. Sauria. Taylor and Francis, London, 185 pp.

Solanki, G.S. & A. Parida (2024). Study on re-establishment of herpetofauna in jhum fallow areas in Mizoram. In: Proceedings of the Zoological Society, Springer India, New Delhi: 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12595-024-00551-3

Tariang, A.D., F. Malsawmdawngliana, L. Biakzuala, H. Decemson, L. Muansanga, L. Rinsanga, M. Vabeiryureilai & H.T. Lalremsanga (2022). Confirmation on the occurrence of Calotes irawadi Zug, Brown, Schulte & Vindum, 2006 (Squamata: Agamidae) in Mizoram, northeastern India. Hamadryad 39(1 & 2): 88–94.

Thaosen, K., J. Purkayastha, M. Vabeiryureilai & H.T. Lalremsanga (2024). Sexual males in the parthenogenetic Hemidactylus cf. garnotii (Squamata: Gekkonidae) in Mizoram, India. Taprobanica 13: 124–131. https://doi.org/10.47605/tapro.v13i2.337

Uetz, P., P. Freed, R. Aguilar, F. Reyes & J. Hošek (eds.) (2025). The Reptile Database. http://www.reptile-database.org. Accessed on 20.vii.2025.

Wagner, P., F. Ihlow, T. Hartmann, M. Flecks, A. Schmitz & W. Böhme (2021). Integrative approach to resolve the Calotes mystaceus Duméril & Bibron, 1837 species complex (Squamata: Agamidae). Bonn Zoological Bulletin 70(1): 141–171. https://doi.org/10.20363/BZB-2021.70.1.141

Wall, F. (1908). Remarks on Agamid lizard (Ptyctolaemus gularis). Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 18: 505.

Web of Science (2025). https://www.webofscience.com. Accessed on 20.vii.2025.

Ulman, Y. & M. Singh (2021). Density, habitat associations and conservation status of Gekko gecko (Tokay gecko) in human-dominated landscapes around Nameri Tiger Reserve, Assam, India. Acta Ecologica Sinica 42(3): 188–197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chnaes.2021.03.004

Zhao, E. & S. Li (1984). A new species of Calotes (Lacertilia: Agamidae) from Xizang (Tibet) [in Chinese]. Acta Herpetologica Sinica 3(4): 77–78.

Zug, G.R., H.H.K. Brown, J.A. Schulte II & J.V. Vindum (2006). Systematics of the Garden Lizards, Calotes versicolor Group (Reptilia: Squamata: Agamidae), in Myanmar: central dry zone populations. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 57(2): 35–68.