Journal of Threatened Taxa |
www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 August 2023 | 15(8): 23710–23728
ISSN 0974-7907
(Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print)
https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.7314.15.8.23710-23728
#7314 | Received 07
April 2021 | Final received 04 August 2023 | Finally accepted 08 August 2023
Diversity and conservation status
of avifauna in the Surguja region, Chhattisgarh, India
A.M.K. Bharos 1,
Anurag Vishwakarma 2, Akhilesh Bharos 3 & Ravi Naidu 4
1 IBCN (BNHS) and AWC (Wetland
International), Chhattisgarh State, B-101, Gayatrinagar, Raipur, Chhattisgarh
492007, India.
2 WWF-India, Western Arunachal
Landscape, Dirang, West Kameng, Arunachal Pradesh 790101, India.
3 B-101 Gayatrinagar, Raipur,
Chhattisgarh 492007, India.
4 CROW Foundation, Jagdalpur,
Bastar, Chhattisgarh 494001, India.
1 arunmkbharos@gmail.com, 2 aviwild88@gmail.com
(corresponding author), 3 wildcentralindia@gmail.com, 4 r.naidu@bnhs.org
Editor: C. Srinivasulu, Osmania University,
Hyderabad, India. Date of
publication: 26 August 2023 (online & print)
Citation: Bharos, A.M.K., A. Vishwakarma, A. Bharos & R. Naidu (2023). Diversity and
conservation status of avifauna in the Surguja region, Chhattisgarh, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 15(8):
23710–23728. https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.7314.15.8.23710-23728
Copyright: © Bharos et al. 2023. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
License. JoTT allows unrestricted use,
reproduction, and distribution of this article in any medium by providing adequate
credit to the author(s) and the source of publication.
Funding: None.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
Author details: A.M.K. Bharos is a former member of State Wildlife Board, State Bio-diversity board
Chhattisgarh, has published about 150 articles in national and international
journals /newsletters on different aspect of birds, mammal’s reptiles and
butterflies, apart from four books. He is presently State
Co-ordinator for AWC (Wetland International) and IBCN (Bombay Natural History
Society). Akhilesh Bharos is a
naturalist with Singinawa Resort Kanha Tiger Reserve MP. He is co-author of the
book “Threatened Birds of Chhattisgarh”. Participated in various wildlife conservation activities,
census and surveys organised by BNHS (Forest Owlet), WII, and the State Forest
Department. About 15 joint publication with A.M.K. Bharos in JBNHS, NLBW and
others. Anurag Vishwakarma is
an employee of WWF-India, working in Arunachal Pradesh
on community based conservation and also PhD in forestry from NERIST (Deemed to
be University) Arunachal Pradesh. I have recorded several significant bird
species from northeastern India. My work of interest is in community based conservation. Work experience in various landscape in
the country and explored many regions in terms of bird conservation and
outreach activity with youths. Ravi Naidu is a graduate in bachelors of art, a certified engineer by Microsoft in
the field of IT. He is currently involving in a project monitoring and
mitigation the impact of Mumbai trans-harbour link on Flamingo and other
avifauna with Bombay Natural History Society (BNHS).
Author contributions: All authors contributed equally.
Acknowledgements: The authors are thankful to the
state forest department for grant of permission and field assistance to
undertake avian surveys in forest areas. Thanks also to members of Chhattisgarh
Wildlife Society and other associates for field assistance and for sharing
their observations. Thanks to individuals who obtained photographs and shared
them.
Abstract: This study is aimed at updating
the avifauna status and to assess major threats in six districts of the Surguja
region of northern Chhattisgarh. The avifauna of this region is less studied as
compared to the central and southern regions of the state. Chhattisgarh has
unique and important habitats for bird species. The geographical region has two
major forest types which provide a suitable habitat for many terrestrial and
numerous wetlands that support aquatic bird species. The northern region is a
basin of rivers Hasdeo and Rihand, prominently forested and a major coal belt.
In this study, planned and opportunistic surveys were done in different
seasons, and data was collected from 1995 to 2019. In the northern Chhattisgarh
region,we have compiled all-district data and a total of 361 bird species were
recorded. The maximum number of bird species were recorded from Koriya 318,
followed by Raigarh 262, Surguja 162, Balrampur 260, Surajpur 208, and Jashpur
254. Species recorded include three Critically Endangered (CR), two Endangered
(EN), five Vulnerable (VU), and 13 Near Threatened (NT). Nesting of Lesser
Adjutant, Indian Vulture, White-rumped Vulture, Egyptian Vulture, and sighting
of Sarus Crane in Surguja region is reported. The study also revealed the
presence of nine Himalayan and sub-Himalayan species. Comparing with previous
studies 117 new species were found. Chhattisgarh has ample potential and
opportunities for new records as many regions have not yet been adequately
explored, it can be a key birding hub for bird lovers as well as the scientific
community. The large-scale mining-oriented activities, hunting, and poaching
are posing serious threats, which will have a direct or indirect, impact on the
future of the avifauna of the region.
Keywords: Birds, checklist, Deccan
Peninsula Bio-geographic zone, terrestrial habitats, threats, wetlands.
INTRODUCTION
The undivided state of Madhya
Pradesh prior to year 2000 included the present state of Chhatisgarh and formed a part of central India. Chhattisgarh
State has three distinct regions, the northern hills of Surguja, central
plains, and Bastar in the south. Surguja is predominantly a hilly extension of
the Vindhyachal range landscape with forests and a major coal belt of the
state. This region has been a prime hunting ground in the past and supported
rich biodiversity. Owing to the large number of existing and upcoming coal
mines, railway, and other projects the avifauna are subjected to considerable
threat. This study was undertaken to determine the present status of the
avifauna, comparing our findings with past studies.
The earlier publications on
avifauna of Surguja region are by D’Abreu (1931, 1935) and Hewetson (1956). Ali
& Ripley (1987), Grimmett et al. (1998, 2014), Rahmani & Islam (2008),
and Rasmussen & Anderton (2012) have included bird records from Surguja
region. Other publications are by Chandra & Singh (2004) who recorded 517
species in united Madhya Pradesh. Chakraborty (2008) conducted avifaunal
surveys in three protected areas and reported 50 species from Kanger Valley
National Park (KVNP), 54 species from Guru Ghasidas National Park (GGNP) of
Chhattisgarh, and 44 species from Sanjay Gandhi National Park (SGNP) of Madhya
Pradesh.; Chandra & Boaz (2018a) documented 199 species in Surguja
District, 230 species in Guru Ghasidas National Park (Chandra & Boaz
2018b), 188 species in Badalkhol Wildlife Sanctuary (Chandra & Boaz 2018c),
and 196 species in Gomarda Wildlife Sanctuary (Chandra & Boaz 2018d). In
the Surguja region, the status of Malabar Pied Hornbill was reported by Singh
& Vishwakarma (2020). Vishwakarma et al. (2020b) documented 133 species at
Kopra Reservoir in adjoining Bilaspur District, Chhattisgarh. The intention of
the present study was to compare the old and the present avian status, owing to
ecological changes caused by the impact of development activities like increase
in the number of coal mines, new railway, and power projects. Chhattisgarh
Wildlife Society (2009–10) carried out surveys for Indian Peafowl in three protected
areas of Chhattisgarh including Raigarh District;52 species at a coal mine in
Raigarh District (Anurag Vishwakarma pers. obs. 2018), and 365 species in bird
count of Chhattisgarh State including Surguja region (Naidu et al. 2021).
The earlier reports were carried
out only partly in the region and the findings were sporadically published. We
attempted to cover all districts, even the remotest parts to assess the status
of avian species. This study was undertaken to assess the overall avifauna status
and conservation issues in the region and to compare old observations of
Chakraborty (2008), Chandra & Boaz (2018a,b,c,d) with our observations
obtained during the period 1995–2019. An attempt was made to cover as much area
as possible by intermittent visits during the period to obtain the best data.
This study is helpful in updating avifauna status to some extent, sincemost
parts of the region remains unexplored and overall inadequately documented.
STUDY AREA AND METHODS
The Surguja region of Chhattisgarh
falls in Chota Nagpur (6B) Province of the Deccan Peninsula Bio-geographic zone
of India (Rogers et al. 2002), which extends between southeastern parts of
Vindhyachal-Baghelkhand and peninsular region of India. It includes six
districts—Koriya, Surguja, Jashpur, Raigarh, Surajpur, and Balrampur—a tablel
and of numerous hills and plateaus. The drainage system is mainly through
Hasdeo (a tributary of Mahanadi) and Rihand (locally known as Reher, flowing
northward) rivers. It has five protected areas including one national park and
four wildlife sanctuaries. The Guru Ghasidas National Park, spread over an area
of 1,471 km2 in Koriya District which is also an IBA Site Code
(IN-CT-01), was carved out of Sanjay Gandhi National Park of united Madhya
Pradesh (Chakraborty 2008). The four wildlife sanctuaries of the Surguja region
are i) Badalkhol (104.55 km2) in Jashpur District, ii) Gomarda
(277.91 km2) in Raigarh District, iii) Semarsot (430.00 km2)
in Surguja District, and iv) Tamor Pingla (608.52 km2) in Surguja
District (Rahmani et al. 2018) covering approximately 18.13% of the total
forest area (15,950 km2) of Surguja region (ENVIS 2015). It has a
good expanse of forests, major dams, and extensive territorial agricultural
lands and plains. The climate of Surguja is like the rest of Chhattisgarh. The
average temperature varies 5–8oC in winter and 40–45oC in
summer. The minimum altitude is around 500 m and the highest being 1,226 m at
Mailan (Jashpur District) (Chandra & Boaz 2018b).
The main forest typesare mixed
deciduous forest (sub classes 3B/C,5A/C, 5B/C, 8A/C, 5/IS1, 3C/C2, 5B/C1) in
Surguja District; dry deciduous in Gomarda Wildlife Sanctuary (GWS), Raigarh
District; tropical moist deciduous, tropical dry deciduous, Sal and
miscellaneous forest in Guru Ghasidas National Park (GGNP) in Koriya and
Jashpur districts, and other parts of the region (Champion & Seth 1968;
Chandra & Boaz 2018a).
METHODS
This survey
covered 44 major sites (Figure 1) including major wetlands, terrestrial
habitats, and all five protected areas. Several other sites—Janakpur, Chirmiri,
and Jhagrakhand-Manendragarh (Sonhat tehsils of Koriya District); Mainpat,
Batauli, Sitapur and their surroundings (Surguja District); Lakhanpur block and
Jamgala-Nawaparakhurd forest area (Surajpur District); Dharamjaigarh-Lailunga
and Gharghoda (Raigarh District); Neemgaon tank, Kailash Gufa, Kunkuri, and
Kasabel tehsils (Jashpur District)—were also studied. Major wetlands covered
during the study include Jhumka dam and Gej dam (Koriya District); Barnai dam
and Ghunghuta dam (Surguja District); Khamarpakut dam, Dilipsingh-Joodeo
dam,and Kurkut (Robo) dam (Raigarh District). The river banks and water of the
Hasdeo River, Rihand River, and Banas River in Koriya District; Kello River and
Mahanadi Riverin Raigarh District were also surveyed. Several other isolated
and random sites were also covered.
Efforts were
made to collect as much data as possible by compiling past studies and present
field observations. These covered habitat types, namely, Sal forest, wetlands,
mixed forest, riverine patches, agricultural lands, grasslands, and coal &
bauxite mine areas. The maximum possible area was covered between 1995 and
intermittently up to 2019, covering all seasons (winter, summer, and monsoon),
with emphasis on mornings (0630–0930 h) and evenings (1600–1800 h) (Vishwakarma
et al. 2020a). The methodology used was by travelling through the geographical
areas of districts, random walks, visual observations, following Javed &
Kaul (2002). The aid of binoculars and cameras was deployed whereever possible.
The encountered bird species were documented in daily field diaries. The species
encountered were identified using standard literature by Ali & Ripley
(1987), Grimmett et al. (1998, 2014), Fergusen & Christie (2001), and
Rasmussen & Anderton (2012). Identification of a few difficult species was
confirmed by Bombay Natural History Society-ENVIS or with the assistance of
experts. Valid scientific names provided in this note are following Praveen et
al. (2020).
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
During our
study, a total of 361 avian species belonging to 18 orders, 74 families
(Annexure 1) were reported from the Surguja region of Chhattisgarh. The maximum
number of bird species were recorded from Koriya (318 species) followed by
Raigarh (260 species), Surguja (162 species), Balrampur (260 species), Surajpur
(208 species), and Jashpur (254 species).The Neemgaon tank, Kurket (Robo) dam,
Khamarpakut dam, Banas River, Rihand River, and Mahanadi River; forests of
Janakpur Tehsil, Gare-Pelma, Sonhat, Udaipur tehsil, Hills of Mainpat, Kailash
Gufa, Jamgala-Nawaparakhurd were a few hotspots. Observations indicated that
northern Chhattisgarh supports a considerable number of terrestrial and water
bird species belonging to residential, migratory, and passerby categories.
Of the total
diversity, 261 species (72.3%) are residents, 98 species (27.15%) winter
migrants, and two species (0.55%) summer migrants. This study has added 117
species belonging to five order and 18 families including 82 (70.0%) resident
species comprising of four rare, 61 common, 17 uncommon, and 35 (30%) migrants
species comprising of 28 common, seven uncommon species, to the previous lists.
Earlier studies by D’Abreu (1931, 1935), Hewetson (1956), Chakraborty (2008),
and Chandra & Boaz (2018 a,b,c,d) have reported the presence of 243 species
belonging to 14 orders and 56 families including 190 (78.19%) resident species
and 53 (21.81%) migrant species.
The
comparative status of previous and present studies has been shown in Table 1.
The species belonging to the
family Accipitridae was dominant with 26 species (Figure 2) followed by
Muscicapidae with 17 species; Anatidae with 16 species; Ardeidae &
Scolopacidae with 13 species each; Motacillidae with 12 species; Phasianidae,
Strigidae, Picidae, & Alaudidae with 11 species each; Columbidae &
Cuculidae with 10 species each; Hirundinidae & Phylloscopidae with eight
species each; Rallidae, Charadriidae, Campephagidae, & Cisticolidae with
seven species each; and Laridae,
Dicruridae, & Sturnidae with six species each.
Of the 361 species reported from
Surguja region, 10 species were threatened and 13 were near threatened as per
IUCN Red List (IUCN 2021; Annexure I; Rahmani 2012), which included
threeCritically Endangered (CR) species—White-rumped Vulture Gyps
bengalensis, Indian Vulture G. indicus, and Red-headed
Vulture Sarcogyps calvus; two Endangered (EN) species—Egyptian Vulture Neophron
percnopterus and Black-bellied Tern Sterna acuticauda; six
Vulnerable (VU) species—River Tern Sterna aurantia, Common Pochard Aythya
ferina, Lesser Adjutant Leptoptilos javanicus, Sarus Crane Antigone
antigone, Indian Spotted Eagle Clanga hastata, and Greater Spotted
Eagle Clanga clanga; and 13 Near Threatened (NT) species—Woolly-necked
Stork Ciconia episcopus, Painted Stork Mycteria leucocephala,
Black-headed Ibis Threskiornis melanocephalus, Oriental Darter Anhinga
melanogaster, Great Thick-knee Esacus recurvirostris, River Lapwing Vanellus
duvaucelii, Eurasian Curlew Numenius arquata, Pallid Harrier Circus
macrourus, Grey-headed Fish Eagle Icthyophaga ichthyaetus, Malabar
Pied Hornbill Anthracoceros coronatus, Red-necked Falcon Falco
chicquera, Laggar Falcon F. jugger, and Alexandrine Parakeet Psittacula
eupatria.
The White-rumped Vulture Gyps
bengalensis was found nesting in Janakpur tehsil of Koriya district and
Mainpat area of Surguja district only. Indian Vulture G. indicus and
Egyptian Vulture Neophron percnopterus were observed at GGNP, Koriya
District, (A.M.K. Bharos, pers. obs. May 2013). The Egyptian Vulture was
resident at Gomarda Wildlife Sanctuary cliffs until 1998 but has disappeared
now. It was not seenat most of the earlier known habitats in Surguja, Surajpur,
and Jashpur districts. The Lesser Adjutant Leptoptilos javanicus was
documented nesting at Nawaparakhurd Village, Premnagar Tehsil in Surajpur
District,which is the first record from Chhattisgarh and central India (Bharos
& Diwan 2018; Rahmani et al. 2018).
In previous studies, Sarus Crane
was not recorded. In 2015, a pair each of Sarus Crane was found at Lakhanpur
Tank and river Rihand (Reher) at location Jamgala in Surajpur District. At
Jamgala, their nesting was also reported in 2014 (J. Bhagat pers. comm. 2015).
Another potential site of their occurrence is the Bhaiyathan area of river
Rihand in Surajpur District (Rahmani et al. 2018). Four nests of Lesser
Adjutant were documented in the Surajpur District (Bharos & Diwan 2018),
which is the first breeding documentation for the species from central India.
There is anunconfirmed record, based on calls, and a sighting of the Endangered
Forest Owlet Heteroglaux blewitti from Gomarda Wildlife Sanctuary,
Raigarh District, situated in the north of its erstwhile habitat (Fuljhar
estate) (Rahmani et al. 2018; IUCN 2021).
Since the Surguja region is
situated inthe Vindhyachal biographic range, Tyabji (1994) opined that a
thorough survey of the whole north-east of MP (now part of Chhattisgarh) may
yield some interesting information on the distribution pattern of
Himalayan/sub-Himalayan species, whose presence had hitherto been unsuspected
in central India. This study recorded ninewinter migrants, which breed in high
altitude (1,200–4,000 m) of Himalaya (Baluchistan to Assam),namely, Griffon
Vulture Gyps fulvus from Manendragarh Tehsil of Koriya District in
1994–95 and Eurasian Hobby Falco severus in Mainpat area of Surguja
District in 1995. The study also revealed the presence of Grey-headed Canary
Flycatcher Culicicapa ceylonensis, Common Rose Finch Carpodacus
erythrinus, Indian Tree Pipit Anthus trivialis, Osprey Pandium
haliaetus, Changeable Hawk-Eagle Nisaetus (Cirrhatus)
limnaeetus, Long-legged Buzzard Buteo rufinus, and sub-Himalayan
species Black-throated Weaver Ploceus benghalensis, which breeds in
duars/terai up to c. 1,200 m in Uttar Pradesh and Sikkim (Ali & Ripley
1987). These species are regular winter visitors in Surguja and further south
in the state. Himalayan Vulture has been found in March 2020 in the Bastar
region.
The migratory bird species like
the Great Crested Grebe Podiceps cristatus, Bar-headed Goose Anser
indicus, Eurasian Curlew Numenius arquata, Bar-tailed Godwit Limosa
lapponica, Brown-headed Gull Chroicocephalus brunnicephalus,
Gull-billed Tern Gelochelidon nilotica, and Whiskered Tern Chlidonias
hybrid, have been recorded to use the territory of Surguja and other parts
of Chhattisgarh as wintering grounds and also as a stopover during to and fro
journeys (Chandra et al. 2015; Bharos 2020; Singh & Vishwakarma 2020).
Nesting and congregation of various rare and threatened species such as the
presence of 11 species of owls (Strigidae and Tytonidae), five species of
vultures (Accipitridae), nesting of Malabar Whistling Thrush Myophonus horsfieldii,
White-rumped Vulture, Indian Vulture, Egyptian Vulture, Lesser Adjutant, Sarus
Crane, and congregation of Grey-headed Lapwing Vanellus cinereus prove
that Surguja region is a hotspot for birds.
THREATS AND CONSERVATION
The new opencast coal mines had a
detrimental impact on the ecology of the region. A study carried out in the core area and 5-km
bufferof Singmouza-Jampali (opencast mine) coal block located in Raigarh
District, revealed only 492 individuals of 52 bird species belonging to 28 families
(Anurag Vishwakarma pers. obs. 2018). Major
disturbances noticed in the core area were sound pollution caused by blasting,
air pollution by mining dust, habitat degradation and ground digging, vehicle
movements, and anthropogenic pressure, which forced the birds to move away.
Mandatory substitute afforestation, in place of habitat destruction, was
noticed as casual. Bird species adoption of remnant flowering trees as
refuge,which they normally do, was found only occasionally, this aspect was
examined in a separate study by Vishwakarma et al. (2020b).
Poaching
and trading of birds by the locals is an old tradition of the region, which has
been time and again observed. They use traditional and innovative methods to do
so, resulting in marked depletion in avifauna belonging to Anatidae,
Galliformes, Columbidae families, and any species for that matter. Depletion in
the number of peafowls, Yellow-footed Green Pigeon, and Orange-breasted Green
Pigeon was noticeable. Big and small mammals, reptiles, and rodents are also
not spared.
The whole
of Surguja, Surajpur, Balrampur, Korea, Raigarh and adjoining Korba District is
a prime coal belt area, with 61,140.6 MT coal reserve mines in operation in
three coalfield areas, by South East Coalfield Ltd (2023). Ongoing ambitious
projects of Indian Railways, Coal India, Chhattisgarh State Power Generation,
and transmission companies, private powergeneration companies, and steel
industries to facilitate high productivity, have already had an adverse effect
on the rich forests like clear-fellingin sizeable areas, fragmentation, and
their flora and fauna. During visits to Jhagrakhand, Ramnagar, and Charcha
collieries of Koriya District in 2015, a fewer number of species and population
was noticed as compared to the year 1994–95. Infact more species and numbers
were seen outside collieries area. A study on birds of Jampali coal mining
revealed shifting by birds to other places due to anthropogenic, blasting and
rapid forest cutting disturbances (Anurag Vishwakarma pers. obs. 2018). Such a
situation is very much in the offing in Raigarh, Surajpur, and Koriya
districts. In coming years an environmental impact assessment (EIA) study of
the affected areas is suggested which will be of imminent importance to check
further deterioration.
CONCLUSION
The present
study revealed the presence of 361 bird species in the region, which includes
11 threatened and 13 near threatened species.The dominant bird species
encountered belonged to Accipitridae (26 species), followed by Muscicapidae (17
species), and Anatidae (16 species). During this survey, we encountered 117
hitherto unreported bird species, and nine Himalayan and sub-Himalayan species
in the Surguja region.The whole of Surguja being a prime coal and bauxite belt
area is subjected to large-scale exploitation for commercial purposes. For this
purpose, large number of open cast coal mines are being opened. For coal
transportation, a network of railways and highways is under progress and a big
network of power transmission towers is coming up to provide electricity for
these projects. The combined effect of these development activities will
certainly have an adverse impact on the environment, as an exemplary study has
revealed. Wetlands, though located remotely, are less studied but are subjected
to the immense pressure of commercial fishing, siltation, mining, degradation
of a catchment area, and amusement activities. EIA study of the region is the
need of the hour to redress conservation issues. Awareness programs must be
started immediately by the government with the assistance of staff and NGOs to
inculcate in the community the sense and responsibilities towards the
importance of nature and wildlife and the need to conserve them.
The present
study provides a baseline data for future ornithological studies, which need to
be intensified in both surveyed and non surveyed potential pockets to determine
the updated status.
Table 1. Comparative status
between studies and outcome.
|
Study agency |
No. of orders |
No. of families |
No. of species |
Threatened species |
Status |
|
Previous studies |
14 |
56 |
244 |
CR 2, EN 1 , VU 1, NT 5 |
R191 M53 |
|
Our study |
18 |
74 |
361 |
CR 3, EN 2, VU 6, NT 13 |
R264 M97 |
|
New species reported |
5 |
18 |
117 |
CR 1, VU 4, NT 6 |
R82 M35 |
CR—Critically Endangered | EN—Endangered |
VU—Vulnerable | R—Resident | M—Migrant.
For
figures – click here for full PDF
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(1935). A List of the
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updated 29.ix.2015.
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J. & D.A. Christie (2001). Raptors of the World. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt,
Boston, New York, 992 pp.
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C. Inskipp & T. Inskipp (1998). Birds of the Indian Sub Continent. Oxford University Press,
466 pp.
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C. Inskipp & T. Inskipp (2014). Field Guide-Birds of the Indian
Subcontinent. Oxford
University Press, 528 pp.
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C.E. (1956). Observations
on the Bird Life of Madhya Pradesh .Journal of the Bombay Natural History
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& R. Kaul (2002). Field Methods for Bird Surveys. Indian Bird Conservation Network.
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Annexure 1. An updated list of
birds of Surguja region, Chhattisgarh, India.
|
|
Order |
Family |
Species name |
Scientific name |
IUCN Red List status |
Residential status |
Previous studies |
New & source |
|
1 |
Anseriformes |
Anatidae |
Lesser
Whistling Duck |
Dendrocygna javanica |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
|
2 |
Bar-headed
Goose |
Anser indicus |
LC |
WM, C |
Y |
|
||
|
3 |
Greylag
Goose |
Anser anser |
LC |
WM, UC |
Y |
|
||
|
4 |
Ruddy
Shelduck |
Tadorna ferruginea |
LC |
WM, C |
Y |
|
||
|
5 |
Red-crested
Pochard |
Netta rufina |
LC |
WM, C |
Y |
|
||
|
6 |
Common
Pochard |
Aythya ferina |
VU |
WM, C |
Y |
1, 2, 3, 4 |
||
|
7 |
Tufted Duck
|
Aythya fuligula |
LC |
WM, C |
|
New 1, 4 |
||
|
8 |
Garganey |
Spatula querquedula |
LC |
WM, C |
|
New 1, 4 |
||
|
9 |
Northern
Shoveler |
Spatula clypeata |
LC |
WM, UC |
Y |
|
||
|
10 |
Gadwall |
Mareca strepera |
LC |
WM, C |
Y |
|
||
|
11 |
Eurasian
Wigeon |
Mareca penelope |
LC |
WM, UC |
Y |
|
||
|
12 |
Indian
Spot-billed Duck |
Anas poecilorhyncha |
LC |
R, C |
|
New 1, 2,
3, 4 |
||
|
13 |
Northern
Pintail |
Anas acuta |
LC |
WM, C |
Y |
|
||
|
14 |
Common Teal
|
Anas crecca |
LC |
WM, C |
Y |
|
||
|
15 |
Comb Duck |
Sarkidiornis melanotos |
LC |
R, C |
|
New 2, 4 |
||
|
16 |
Cotton Teal
|
Nettapus coromandelianus |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
||
|
17 |
Galliformes |
Phasianidae |
Indian
Peafowl |
Pavo cristatus |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
|
18 |
Common
Quail |
Coturnix coturnix |
LC |
R, UC |
Y |
|
||
|
19 |
Rain Quail |
Coturnix coromandelica |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
||
|
20 |
Jungle Bush
Quail |
Perdicula asiatica |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
||
|
21 |
Rock Bush
Quail |
Perdicula argoondah |
LC |
R, UC |
|
New 1, 4 |
||
|
22 |
Black
Francolin |
Francolinus francolinus |
LC |
R, UC |
Y |
|
||
|
23 |
Painted
Francolin |
Francolinus pictus |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
||
|
24 |
Grey
Francolin |
Francolinus pondicerianus |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
||
|
25 |
Red
Junglefowl |
Gallus gallus |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
||
|
26 |
Red
Spurfowl |
Galloperdix spadicea |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
||
|
27 |
Painted
Spurfowl |
Galloperdix lunulata |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
||
|
28 |
Phoenicopteriformes |
Podicipedidae |
Little
Grebe |
Tachybaptus ruficollis |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
|
29 |
Great
Crested Grebe |
Podiceps cristatus |
LC |
WM, C |
|
New 1,2,4 |
||
|
30 |
Columbiformes |
Columbidae |
Rock Pigeon
|
Columba livia |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
|
31 |
Oriental
Turtle Dove |
Streptopelia orientalis |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
||
|
32 |
Eurasian
Collared Dove |
Streptopelia decaocto |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
||
|
33 |
Red
Collared Dove |
Streptopelia tranquebarica |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
||
|
34 |
Spotted
Dove |
Streptopelia chinensis |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
||
|
35 |
Laughing
Dove |
Streptopelia senegalensis |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
||
|
36 |
Orange-breasted
Green Pigeon |
Treron bicinctus |
LC |
R, UC |
|
New 1,2,3,4 |
||
|
37 |
Yellow-legged
Green Pigeon |
Treron phoenicopterus |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
||
|
38 |
Emerald
Dove |
Chalcophaps indica |
LC |
R, UC |
Y |
|
||
|
39 |
Green
Imperial Pigeon |
Ducula aenea |
LC |
R, UC |
Y |
|
||
|
40 |
Pterocliformes |
Pteroclidae |
Chestnut-bellied
Sandgrouse |
Pterocles exustus |
LC |
R, C |
|
New 2,4 |
|
41 |
Caprimulgiformes |
Caprimulgidae |
Grey
Nightjar |
Caprimulgus indicus |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
|
42 |
Indian
Nightjar |
Caprimulgus asiaticus |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
||
|
43 |
Savanna
Nightjar |
Caprimulgus affinis |
LC |
R, C |
|
New 4 |
||
|
44 |
Large-tailed
Nightjar |
Caprimulgus macrurus |
LC |
R, UC |
|
New 4 |
||
|
45 |
Apodidae |
Crested
Treeswift |
Hemiprocne coronata |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
|
|
46 |
White-rumped
Spinetail |
Zoonavena sylvatica |
LC |
R, C |
|
New 1,2,3,4 |
||
|
47 |
White-throated
Needletail |
Hirundapus caudacutus |
LC |
R, UC |
|
New 4 |
||
|
48 |
Asian Palm
Swift |
Cypsiurus balasiensis |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
||
|
49 |
Indian
House Swift |
Apus affinis |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
||
|
50 |
Cuculiformes |
Cuculidae |
Greater
Coucal |
Centropus sinensis |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
|
51 |
Sirkeer
Malkoha |
Taccocua leschenaultii |
LC |
R, UC |
Y |
|
||
|
52 |
Pied Cuckoo
|
Clamator jacobinus |
LC |
SM, C |
Y |
|
||
|
53 |
Asian Koel |
Eudynamys scolopaceus |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
||
|
54 |
Plaintive
Cuckoo |
Cacomantis merulinus |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
||
|
55 |
Grey-bellied
Cuckoo |
Cacomantis passerinus |
LC |
R, C |
|
New |
||
|
56 |
Drongo
Cuckoo |
Surniculus lugubris |
LC |
R, UC |
|
New |
||
|
57 |
Common Hawk
Cuckoo |
Hierococcyx varius |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
||
|
58 |
Indian
Cuckoo |
Cuculus micropterus |
LC |
R, UC |
Y |
|
||
|
59 |
Common
Cuckoo |
Cuculus canorus |
LC |
R, UC |
|
New |
||
|
60 |
Gruiformes |
Rallidae |
Slaty-legged
Crake |
Rallina eurizonoides |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
|
61 |
Slaty-breasted
Rail |
Lewinia striata |
LC |
R, UC |
NO |
|
||
|
62 |
Brown Crake
|
Zapornia akool |
LC |
R, C |
|
New |
||
|
63 |
White-breasted
Waterhen |
Amaurornis phoenicurus |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
||
|
64 |
Grey-headed
Swamphen |
Porphyrio poliocephalus |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
New |
||
|
65 |
Common
Moorhen |
Gallinula chloropus |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
||
|
66 |
Common Coot
|
Fulica atra |
LC |
WM, C |
Y |
|
||
|
67 |
Sarus Crane
|
Antigone antigone |
VU |
R, RA |
|
|
||
|
68 |
Gruidae |
Lesser
Adjutant |
Leptoptilos javanicus |
VU |
R, RA |
|
New 1 |
|
|
69 |
Ciconiiformes |
Ciconiidae |
Painted
Stork |
Mycteria leucocephala |
NT |
R, C |
|
New 1, 4 |
|
70 |
Asian
Openbill |
Anastomus oscitans |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
New 1, 2,
3, 4 |
||
|
71 |
Black Stork
|
Ciconia nigra |
LC |
WM, C |
|
|
||
|
72 |
Woolly-necked
Stork |
Ciconia episcopus |
NT |
R, C |
Y |
New 4 |
||
|
73 |
Eurasian
Bittern |
Botaurus stellaris |
LC |
WM, UC |
|
1, 2, 3, 4 |
||
|
74 |
Pelecaniformes |
Ardeidae |
Yellow
Bittern |
Ixobrychus sinensis |
LC |
R, C |
|
New 1 |
|
75 |
Cinnamon
Bittern |
Ixobrychus cinnamomeus |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
New2, 4 |
||
|
76 |
Black
Bittern |
Ixobrychus flavicollis |
LC |
R, C |
|
|
||
|
77 |
Black-crowned
Night Heron |
Nycticorax nycticorax |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
New 1, 2, 4 |
||
|
78 |
Striated
Heron |
Butorides striata |
LC |
R, UC |
|
|
||
|
79 |
Indian Pond
Heron |
Ardeola grayii |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
New 1, 2,
3, 4 |
||
|
80 |
Cattle
Egret |
Bubulcus ibis |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
||
|
81 |
Grey Heron |
Ardea cinerea |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
||
|
82 |
Purple
Heron |
Ardea purpurea |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
||
|
83 |
Great Egret
|
Ardea alba |
LC |
R, C |
|
|
||
|
84 |
Intermediate
Egret |
Ardea intermedia |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
New 1, 2,
3, 4 |
||
|
85 |
Little
Egret |
Egretta garzetta |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
||
|
86 |
Black-headed
Ibis |
Threskiornis melanocephalus |
NT |
R, C |
Y |
|
||
|
87 |
Threskiornithidae |
Eurasian
Spoonbill |
Platalea leucorodia |
LC |
R, UC |
|
1, 2, 3, 4 |
|
|
88 |
Red-naped
Ibis |
Pseudibis papillosa |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
New 4 |
||
|
89 |
Glossy Ibis
|
Plegadis falcinellus |
LC |
R, UC |
Y |
|
||
|
90 |
Little
Cormorant |
Microcarbo niger |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
||
|
91 |
Pelecaniformes |
Phalacrocoracidae |
Great
Cormorant |
Phalacrocorax carbo |
LC |
R, C |
|
|
|
92 |
Indian
Cormorant |
Phalacrocorax fuscicollis |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
New 1, 2,
3, 4 |
||
|
93 |
Oriental
Darter |
Anhinga melanogaster |
NT |
R, C |
Y |
|
||
|
94 |
Anhingidae |
Eurasian
Thick-knee |
Burhinus oedicnemus |
LC |
R, C |
|
2, 4 |
|
|
95 |
Charadriiformes |
Burhinidae |
Great
Thick-knee |
Esacus recurvirostris |
NT |
R, RA |
|
New |
|
96 |
Black-winged
Stilt |
Himantopus himantopus |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
New 4 |
||
|
97 |
Recurvirostridae |
Little
Ringed Plover |
Charadrius dubius |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
|
|
98 |
Charadriidae |
Kentish
Plover |
Charadrius alexandrinus |
LC |
WM, C |
|
|
|
|
99 |
River
Lapwing |
Vanellus duvaucelii |
NT |
R, UC |
|
New 1, 2,
3, 4 |
||
|
100 |
Yellow-wattled
Lapwing |
Vanellus malarbaricus |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
New 2, 4 |
||
|
101 |
Grey-headed
Lapwing |
Vanellus cinereus |
LC |
M, UC |
|
|
||
|
102 |
Red-wattled
Lapwing |
Vanellus indicus |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
New 1, 4 |
||
|
103 |
Greater
Painted-snipe |
Rostratula benghalensis |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
||
|
104 |
Rostratulidae |
Pheasant-tailed
Jacana |
Hydrophasianus chirurgus |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
|
|
105 |
Jacanidae |
Bronze-winged
Jacana |
Metopidius indicus |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
|
|
106 |
Eurasian
Curlew |
Numenius arquata |
NT |
WM, UC |
Y |
|
||
|
107 |
Scolopacidae |
Temminck's
Stint |
Calidris temminckii |
LC |
WM, C |
|
4 |
|
|
108 |
Little
Stint |
Calidris minuta |
LC |
WM, C |
|
New 1, 2, 4 |
||
|
109 |
Pintail
Snipe |
Gallinago stenura |
LC |
R, C |
|
New 1, 2,
3, 4 |
||
|
110 |
Common
Snipe |
Gallinago gallinago |
LC |
R, UC |
Y |
New 2, 4 |
||
|
111 |
Jack Snipe |
Lymnocryptes minimus |
LC |
R, RA |
|
|
||
|
112 |
Common
Sandpiper |
Actitis hypoleucos |
LC |
WM, C |
Y |
New |
||
|
113 |
Green
Sandpiper |
Tringa ochropus |
LC |
WM, C |
Y |
|
||
|
114 |
Spotted
Redshank |
Tringa erythropus |
LC |
WM, C |
Y |
|
||
|
115 |
Common
Greenshank |
Tringa nebularia |
LC |
WM, C |
Y |
|
||
|
116 |
Common
Redshank |
Tringa totanus |
LC |
WM, C |
Y |
|
||
|
117 |
Wood
Sandpiper |
Tringa glareola |
LC |
WM, C |
Y |
|
||
|
118 |
Marsh
Sandpiper |
Tringa stagnatilis |
LC |
WM, UC |
|
|
||
|
119 |
Small
Buttonquail |
Turnix sylvaticus |
LC |
R, UC |
|
New 1, 4 |
||
|
120 |
Charadriiformes |
Turnicidae |
Yellow-legged
Buttonquail |
Turnix tanki |
LC |
R, UC |
Y |
New 2, 4 |
|
121 |
Barred
Buttonquail |
Turnix suscitator |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
||
|
122 |
Indian
Courser |
Cursorius coromandelicus |
LC |
R, C |
|
|
||
|
123 |
Glareolidae |
Little
Pratincole |
Glareola lactea |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
New 1, 4 |
|
|
124 |
Brown-headed
Gull |
Chroicocephalus brunnicephalus |
LC |
WM, C |
|
|
||
|
125 |
Laridae |
Black-headed
Gull |
Chroicocephalus ridibundus |
LC |
WM, C |
|
New1, 2, 4 |
|
|
126 |
Gull-billed
Tern |
Gelochelidon nilotica |
LC |
WM, UC |
|
New 1, 2, 4 |
||
|
127 |
Whiskered
Tern |
Chlidonias hybrida |
LC |
WM, UC |
|
New 4 |
||
|
128 |
River Tern |
Sterna aurantia |
VU |
WM, C |
Y |
New 4 |
||
|
129 |
Black-bellied
Tern |
Sterna acuticauda |
EN |
WM, UC |
Y |
1, 2, 3, 4 |
||
|
130 |
Osprey |
Pandion haliaetus |
LC |
WM, C |
Y |
1, 4 |
||
|
131 |
Accipitriformes |
Pandionidae |
Black-winged
Kite |
Elanus caeruleus |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
|
132 |
Accipitridae |
Oriental
Honey Buzzard |
Pernis ptilorhynchus |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
|
|
133 |
Egyptian
Vulture |
Neophron percnopterus |
EN |
R, RA |
Y |
|
||
|
134 |
Crested
Serpent Eagle |
Spilornis cheela |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
1, 3 |
||
|
135 |
Short-toed
Snake Eagle |
Circaetus gallicus |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
||
|
136 |
Red-headed
Vulture |
Sarcogyps calvus |
CE |
R, RA |
|
|
||
|
137 |
White-rumped
Vulture |
Gyps bengalensis |
CE |
R, UC |
Y |
New 1 |
||
|
138 |
Griffon
Vulture |
Gyps fulvus |
LC |
WM, RA |
|
1, 2, 3, 4 |
||
|
139 |
Indian
Vulture |
Gyps indicus |
CE |
R, RA |
Y |
New 1 |
||
|
140 |
Changeable
Hawk Eagle |
Nisaetus cirrhatus |
LC |
R, UC |
Y |
1, 2, 3, 4 |
||
|
141 |
Black Eagle
|
Ictinaetus malaiensis |
LC |
R, C |
|
|
||
|
142 |
Indian
Spotted Eagle |
Clanga hastata |
VU |
R, C |
|
New 1 |
||
|
143 |
Greater
Spotted Eagle |
Clanga clanga |
VU |
R, UC |
|
New 4 |
||
|
144 |
Bonelli's
Eagle |
Aquila fasciata |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
New 4 |
||
|
145 |
Booted
Eagle |
Hieraaetus pennatus |
LC |
WM, C |
|
|
||
|
146 |
Western
Marsh Harrier |
Circus aeruginosus |
LC |
WM, C |
|
New 1, 2,
3, 4 |
||
|
147 |
Pallid
Harrier |
Circus macrourus |
NT |
WM, UC |
|
New 1, 2,
3, 4 |
||
|
148 |
Montagu's
Harrier |
Circus pygargus |
LC |
WM, C |
|
New 1, 4 |
||
|
149 |
Crested
Goshawk |
Accipiter trivirgatus |
LC |
R, UC |
Y |
New 2, 4 |
||
|
150 |
Shikra |
Accipiter badius |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
||
|
151 |
Accipitriformes |
Accipitridae |
Eurasian
Sparrowhawk |
Accipiter nisus |
LC |
WM, C |
Y |
|
|
152 |
Grey-headed
Fish Eagle |
Icthyophaga ichthyaetus |
NT |
R, UC |
Y |
|
||
|
153 |
Brahminy
Kite |
Haliastur indus |
LC |
R, UC |
Y |
4 |
||
|
154 |
Black Kite |
Milvus migrans |
LC |
R, C |
|
|
||
|
155 |
White-eyed
Buzzard |
Butastur teesa |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
New 1, 2,
3, 4 |
||
|
156 |
Common Barn
Owl |
Tyto alba |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
||
|
157 |
Strigiformes |
Tytonidae |
Brown Hawk
Owl |
Ninox scutulata |
LC |
R, UC |
Y |
|
|
158 |
Strigidae |
Jungle
Owlet |
Glaucidium radiatum |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
|
|
159 |
Spotted
Owlet |
Athene brama |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
||
|
160 |
Eurasian
Scops Owl |
Otus scops |
LC |
R, UC |
Y |
|
||
|
161 |
Collared
Scops Owl |
Otus bakkamoena |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
||
|
162 |
Mottled
Wood Owl |
Strix ocellata |
LC |
R, C |
|
|
||
|
163 |
Brown Wood
Owl |
Strix leptogrammica |
LC |
R, C |
|
New 1, 3, 4 |
||
|
164 |
Eurasian
Eagle Owl |
Bubo bubo |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
New 4 |
||
|
165 |
Indian
Eagle Owl |
Bubo bengalensis |
LC |
R, UC |
|
|
||
|
166 |
Dusky Eagle
Owl |
Bubo coromandus |
LC |
R, RA |
Y |
New 1, 2,
3, 4 |
||
|
167 |
Oriental
Scops-Owl |
Otus sunia |
LC |
R, UC |
|
|
||
|
168 |
Brown Fish
Owl |
Ketupa zeylonensis |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
New 4 |
||
|
169 |
Malabar
Pied Hornbill |
Anthracoceros coronatus |
NT |
R, UC |
Y |
|
||
|
170 |
Bucerotiformes |
Bucerotidae |
Indian Grey
Hornbill |
Ocyceros birostris |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
2,4 |
|
171 |
Common
Hoopoe |
Upupa epops |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
||
|
172 |
Upupidae |
Greater
Flameback |
Chrysocolaptes guttacristatus |
LC |
R, C |
|
|
|
|
173 |
Piciformes |
Picidae |
Northern
Wryneck |
Jynx torquilla |
LC |
WM, C |
Y |
New 1, 2,
3, 4 |
|
174 |
Lesser
Golden-backed Woodpecker |
Dinopium benghalense |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
||
|
175 |
Rufous
Woodpecker |
Micropternus brachyurus |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
||
|
176 |
Streak-throated
Woodpecker |
Picus xanthopygaeus |
LC |
R, UC |
Y |
|
||
|
177 |
Scaly-bellied
Woodpecker |
Picus squamatus |
LC |
R, UC |
|
|
||
|
178 |
Greater
Golden-backed Woodpecker |
Chrysocolaptes lucidus |
LC |
R, C |
|
New 4 |
||
|
179 |
White-naped
Woodpecker |
Chrysocolaptes festivus |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
New 1, 2,
3, 4 |
||
|
180 |
Brown-capped
Pygmy Woodpecker |
Dendrocopos moluccensis |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
||
|
181 |
Piciformes |
Picidae |
Grey-capped
Pygmy Woodpecker |
Dendrocopos canicapillus |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
|
182 |
Fulvous-breasted
Woodpecker |
Dendrocopos macei |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
||
|
183 |
Yellow-crowned
Woodpecker |
Dendrocopos mahrattensis |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
||
|
184 |
Brown-headed
Barbet |
Psilopogon zeylanicus |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
||
|
185 |
Ramphastidae |
Coppersmith
Barbet |
Psilopogon haemacephalus |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
|
|
186 |
Green
Bee-eater |
Merops orientalis |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
||
|
187 |
Coraciiformes |
Meropidae |
Chestnut-headed
Bee-eater |
Merops leschenaulti |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
|
188 |
Blue-tailed
Bee-eater |
Merops philippinus |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
||
|
189 |
Indian
Roller |
Coracias benghalensis |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
||
|
190 |
Coraciidae |
Common
Kingfisher |
Alcedo atthis |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
|
|
191 |
Alcedinidae |
Pied
Kingfisher |
Ceryle rudis |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
|
|
192 |
Stork-billed
Kingfisher |
Pelargopsis capensis |
LC |
R, UC |
Y |
|
||
|
193 |
White-throated
Kingfisher |
Halcyon smyrnensis |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
||
|
194 |
Common
Kestrel |
Falco tinnunculus |
LC |
WM, C |
Y |
|
||
|
195 |
Falconiformes |
Falconidae |
Red-necked
Falcon |
Falco chicquera |
NT |
R, C |
Y |
|
|
196 |
Oriental
Hobby |
Falco severus |
LC |
WM, RA |
|
1, 2, 4 |
||
|
197 |
Laggar
Falcon |
Falco jugger |
NT |
WM, UC |
|
New 1 |
||
|
198 |
Peregrine
Falcon |
Falco peregrinus |
LC |
R, C |
|
New 1, 4 |
||
|
199 |
Plum-headed
Parakeet |
Psittacula cyanocephala |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
New 1, 3, 4 |
||
|
200 |
Psittaciformes |
Psittaculidae |
Alexandrine
Parakeet |
Psittacula eupatria |
NT |
R, C |
Y |
|
|
201 |
Rose-ringed
Parakeet |
Psittacula krameri |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
1, 2, 3, 4 |
||
|
202 |
Indian
Pitta |
Pitta brachyura |
LC |
SM, C |
Y |
|
||
|
203 |
Passeriformes |
Pittidae |
White-bellied
Minivet |
Pericrocotus erythropygius |
LC |
R, UC |
|
|
|
204 |
Campephagidae |
Small
Minivet |
Pericrocotus cinnamomeus |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
New 1, 3 |
|
|
205 |
Scarlet
Minivet |
Pericrocotus flammeus |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
||
|
206 |
Rosy
Minivet |
Pericrocotus roseus |
LC |
R, UC |
Y |
|
||
|
207 |
Large
Cuckooshrike |
Coracina javensis |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
||
|
208 |
Black-winged
Cuckooshrike |
Lalage melaschistos |
LC |
R, UC |
Y |
|
||
|
209 |
Black-headed
Cuckooshrike |
Lalage melanoptera |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
||
|
210 |
Black-hooded
Oriole |
Oriolus xanthornus |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
||
|
211 |
Passeriformes |
Oriolidae |
Eurasian
Golden Oriole |
Oriolus oriolus |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
|
212 |
Indian
Golden Oriole |
Oriolus kundoo |
LC |
R, C |
|
|
||
|
213 |
Black-naped
Oriole |
Oriolus chinensis |
LC |
WM, UC |
|
New 1, 2,
3, 4 |
||
|
214 |
Ashy
Woodswallow |
Artamus fuscus |
LC |
R, C |
|
New 4 |
||
|
215 |
Artamidae |
Bar-winged
Flycatcher-shrike |
Hemipus picatus |
LC |
R, UC |
|
New 1, 4 |
|
|
216 |
Vangidae |
Common
Woodshrike |
Tephrodornis pondicerianus |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
New 4 |
|
|
217 |
Common Iora
|
Aegithina tiphia |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
||
|
218 |
Aegithinidae |
Marshall's
Iora |
Aegithina nigrolutea |
LC |
R, UC |
|
|
|
|
219 |
Black
Drongo |
Dicrurus macrocercus |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
New 1 |
||
|
220 |
Dicruridae |
Ashy Drongo
|
Dicrurus leucophaeus |
LC |
R, C |
|
|
|
|
221 |
White-bellied
Drongo |
Dicrurus caerulescens |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
New 1, 2, 4 |
||
|
222 |
Bronzed
Drongo |
Dicrurus aeneus |
LC |
R, UC |
Y |
|
||
|
223 |
Hair-crested
Drongo |
Dicrurus hottentottus |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
||
|
224 |
Greater
Racket-tailed Drongo |
Dicrurus paradiseus |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
||
|
225 |
White-browed
Fantail |
Rhipidura aureola |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
||
|
226 |
Rhipiduridae |
Spot-breasted
Fantail (White-spotted Fantail) |
Rhipidura albogularis |
LC |
R, UC |
|
|
|
|
227 |
White-throated
Fantail |
Rhipidura albicollis |
LC |
R, UC |
Y |
New 4 |
||
|
228 |
Brown
Shrike |
Lanius cristatus |
LC |
WM, C |
Y |
|
||
|
229 |
Laniidae |
Isabelline
Shrike |
Lanius isabellinus |
LC |
WM |
|
|
|
|
230 |
Bay-backed
Shrike |
Lanius vittatus |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
New 4 |
||
|
231 |
Long-tailed
Shrike |
Lanius schach |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
||
|
232 |
Great Grey
Shrike |
Lanius excubitor |
LC |
R, C |
|
|
||
|
233 |
Rufous
Treepie |
Dendrocitta vagabunda |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
New 1, 4 |
||
|
234 |
Corvidae |
House Crow |
Corvus splendens |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
|
|
235 |
Large-billed
Crow |
Corvus macrorhynchos |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
||
|
236 |
Black-naped
Monarch |
Hypothymis azurea |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
||
|
237 |
Monarchidae |
Indian
Paradise-flycatcher |
Terpsiphone paradisi |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
|
|
238 |
Thick-billed
Flowerpecker |
Dicaeum agile |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
||
|
239 |
Dicaeidae |
Pale-billed
Flowerpecker |
Dicaeum erythrorhynchos |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
|
|
240 |
Purple-rumped
Sunbird |
Leptocoma zeylonica |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
||
|
241 |
Passeriformes |
Nectariniidae |
Crimson-backed
Sunbird |
Leptocoma minima |
LC |
R, UC |
|
|
|
242 |
Purple
Sunbird |
Cinnyris asiaticus |
LC |
R, C |
|
New 4 |
||
|
243 |
Golden-fronted
Leafbird |
Chloropsis aurifrons |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
New 1, 2,
3, 4 |
||
|
244 |
Irenidae |
Jerdon's
Leafbird |
Chloropsis jerdoni |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
|
|
245 |
Baya Weaver
|
Ploceus philippinus |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
||
|
246 |
Ploceidae |
Red Munia |
Amandava amandava |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
|
|
247 |
Estrildidae |
Indian
Silverbill |
Euodice malabarica |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
|
|
248 |
White-rumped
Munia |
Lonchura striata |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
||
|
249 |
Scaly-breasted
Munia |
Lonchura punctulata |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
||
|
250 |
Black-headed
Munia |
Lonchura malacca |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
||
|
251 |
House
Sparrow |
Passer domesticus |
LC |
R, C |
|
|
||
|
252 |
Passeridae |
Yellow-throated
Sparrow |
Gymnoris xanthocollis |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
New 1, 2,
3, 4 |
|
|
253 |
Forest
Wagtail |
Dendronanthus indicus |
LC |
WM, UC |
Y |
|
||
|
254 |
Motacillidae |
Tree Pipit |
Anthus trivialis |
LC |
WM, C |
Y |
|
|
|
255 |
Olive-backed
Pipit |
Anthus hodgsoni |
LC |
WM, C |
Y |
|
||
|
256 |
Paddyfield
Pipit |
Anthus rufulus |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
||
|
257 |
Blyth's
Pipit |
Anthus godlewskii |
LC |
WM, UC |
|
|
||
|
258 |
Tawny Pipit
|
Anthus campestris |
LC |
WM, C |
|
New 4 |
||
|
259 |
Western
Yellow Wagtail |
Motacilla flava |
LC |
WM, C |
Y |
New 1, 4 |
||
|
260 |
Grey
Wagtail |
Motacilla cinerea |
LC |
WM, C |
Y |
|
||
|
261 |
Citrine
Wagtail |
Motacilla citreola |
LC |
WM, C |
|
|
||
|
262 |
Eastern
Yellow Wagtail |
Motacilla tschutschensis |
LC |
WM, C |
|
New 1, 4 |
||
|
263 |
White-browed
Wagtail |
Motacilla maderaspatensis |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
New 1, 3, 4 |
||
|
264 |
White
Wagtail |
Motacilla alba |
LC |
WM, C |
Y |
|
||
|
265 |
Common
Rosefinch |
Erythrina erythrina |
LC |
WM, C |
Y |
|
||
|
266 |
Fringillidae |
Crested
Bunting |
Melophus lathami |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
|
|
267 |
Emberizidae |
Red-headed
Bunting |
Granativora bruniceps |
LC |
WM, C |
|
|
|
|
268 |
Black-headed
Bunting |
Granativora melanocephala |
LC |
WM, C |
|
New 1, 4 |
||
|
269 |
Grey-headed
Canary-flycatcher |
Culicicapa ceylonensis |
LC |
WM, C |
Y |
New 1, 4 |
||
|
270 |
Stenostiridae |
Yellow-browed
Tit |
Sylviparus modestus |
LC |
R, UC |
|
|
|
|
271 |
Passeriformes |
Paridae |
Indian
Yellow Tit - |
Machlolophus aplonotus |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
New 1, 2, 4 |
|
272 |
Cinereous
Tit |
Parus cinereus |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
||
|
273 |
Black-lored
Tit |
Machlolophus xanthogenys |
LC |
R, UC |
|
|
||
|
274 |
Yellow-cheeked
Tit |
Machlolophus spilonotus |
LC |
R, C |
|
New 4 |
||
|
275 |
Rufous-tailed
Lark |
Ammomanes phoenicura |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
New 1, 4 |
||
|
276 |
Alaudidae |
Ashy-crowned
Sparrow Lark |
Eremopterix griseus |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
|
|
277 |
Singing
Bushlark |
Mirafra cantillans |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
||
|
278 |
Bengal
Bushlark |
Mirafra assamica |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
||
|
279 |
Indian
Bushlark |
Mirafra erythroptera |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
||
|
280 |
Jerdon's
Bushlark |
Mirafra affinis |
LC |
R, UC |
|
|
||
|
281 |
Greater
Short-toed Lark |
Calandrella brachydactyla |
LC |
WM, C |
Y |
New 4 |
||
|
282 |
Sykes's
Short-toed Lark (Eastern Short-toed Lark) |
Calandrella dukhunensis |
LC |
WM, C |
|
|
||
|
283 |
Eurasian
Skylark |
Alauda arvensis |
LC |
R, C |
|
New 1, 2,
3, 4 |
||
|
284 |
Oriental
Skylark |
Alauda gulgula |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
New 1, 2 |
||
|
285 |
Sykes's
Lark |
Galerida deva |
LC |
R, UC |
|
|
||
|
286 |
Zitting
Cisticola |
Cisticola juncidis |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
New 2, 4 |
||
|
287 |
Cisticolidae |
Rufous-fronted
Prinia |
Prinia buchanani |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
|
|
288 |
Grey-breasted
Prinia |
Prinia hodgsonii |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
||
|
289 |
Jungle
Prinia |
Prinia sylvatica |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
||
|
290 |
Ashy Prinia
|
Prinia socialis |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
||
|
291 |
Plain
Prinia |
Prinia inornata |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
||
|
292 |
Common
Tailorbird |
Orthotomus sutorius |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
||
|
293 |
Booted
Warbler |
Iduna caligata |
LC |
WM, C |
Y |
|
||
|
294 |
Acrocephalidae |
Sykes's
Warbler |
Iduna rama |
LC |
WM, UC |
|
|
|
|
295 |
Blyth's
Reed Warbler |
Acrocephalus dumetorum |
LC |
WM, C |
Y |
New 4 |
||
|
296 |
Paddyfield
Warbler |
Acrocephalus agricola |
LC |
WM, C |
|
|
||
|
297 |
Clamorous
Reed Warbler |
Acrocephalus stentoreus |
LC |
WM, C |
|
New 1, 2,
3, 4 |
||
|
298 |
Northern
House Martin |
Delichon urbicum |
LC |
WM, UC |
Y |
New 1, 2, 4 |
||
|
299 |
Passeriformes |
Hirundinidae |
Streak-throated
Swallow |
Petrochelidon fluvicola |
LC |
WM, C |
Y |
|
|
300 |
Red-rumped
Swallow |
Cecropis daurica |
LC |
WM, C |
Y |
|
||
|
301 |
Wire-tailed
Swallow |
Hirundo smithii |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
||
|
302 |
Barn
Swallow |
Hirundo rustica |
LC |
WM, C |
Y |
|
||
|
303 |
Dusky Crag
Martin |
Ptyonoprogne concolor |
LC |
R, UC |
Y |
|
||
|
304 |
Plain
Martin |
Riparia paludicola |
LC |
R, C |
|
|
||
|
305 |
Sand Martin
|
Riparia riparia |
LC |
R, UC |
|
New 1, 3, 4 |
||
|
306 |
Red-whiskered
Bulbul |
Pycnonotus jocosus |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
New 1, 3, 4 |
||
|
307 |
Pycnonotidae |
White-eared
Bulbul |
Pycnonotus leucotis |
LC |
R, RA |
|
|
|
|
308 |
Red-vented
Bulbul |
Pycnonotus cafer |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
New 1, 3 |
||
|
309 |
Black-headed
Bulbul |
Brachypodius atriceps |
LC |
R, C |
|
|
||
|
310 |
Hume's
Warbler |
Phylloscopus humei |
LC |
WM, C |
|
New 4 |
||
|
311 |
Phylloscopidae |
Common
Chiffchaff |
Phylloscopus collybita |
LC |
WM, C |
Y |
New 1, 2,
3, 4 |
|
|
312 |
Plain Leaf
Warbler |
Phylloscopus neglectus |
LC |
WM, UC |
|
|
||
|
313 |
Sulphur-bellied
Warbler |
Phylloscopus griseolus |
LC |
WM, C |
Y |
New 1, 4 |
||
|
314 |
Tickell's
Leaf Warbler |
Phylloscopus affinis |
LC |
WM, UC |
|
|
||
|
315 |
Western
Crowned Warbler |
Phylloscopus occipitalis |
LC |
WM, C |
|
New 4 |
||
|
316 |
Green
Warbler |
Phylloscopus nitidus |
LC |
WM, C |
|
New 1, 4 |
||
|
317 |
Greenish
Warbler |
Phylloscopus trochiloides |
LC |
WM, C |
|
New 1, 4 |
||
|
318 |
Eastern
Orphean Warbler |
Curruca crassirostris |
LC |
WM, UC |
Y |
New 1, 4 |
||
|
319 |
Sylviidae |
Lesser
Whitethroat |
Curruca curruca |
LC |
WM, C |
Y |
|
|
|
320 |
Common
Whitethroat |
Curruca communis |
LC |
WM, UC |
|
|
||
|
321 |
Yellow-eyed
Babbler |
Chrysomma sinense |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
New 1, 2,
3, 4 |
||
|
322 |
Oriental
White-eye |
Zosterops palpebrosus |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
||
|
323 |
Zosteropidae |
Indian
Scimitar Babbler |
Pomatorhinus horsfieldii |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
|
|
324 |
Timaliidae |
Tawny-bellied
Babbler |
Dumetia hyperythra |
LC |
R, C |
|
|
|
|
325 |
Rufous-capped
Babbler |
Cyanoderma ruficeps |
LC |
R, UC |
Y |
New 4 |
||
|
326 |
Yellow-throated
Fulvetta |
Schoeniparus cinereus |
LC |
R, UC |
|
|
||
|
327 |
Pellorneidae |
Puff-throated
Babbler |
Pellorneum ruficeps |
LC |
R, C |
|
New 4 |
|
|
328 |
Brown-cheeked
Fulvetta |
Alcippe poioicephala |
LC |
R, C |
|
New 4 |
||
|
329 |
Large Grey
Babbler |
Argya malcolmi |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
New 4 |
||
|
330 |
Passeriformes |
Leiothrichidae |
Common
Babbler |
Argya caudata |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
|
331 |
Jungle
Babbler |
Turdoides striata |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
||
|
332 |
Yellow-billed
Babbler |
Turdoides affinis |
LC |
R, UC |
|
|
||
|
333 |
Chestnut-bellied
Nuthatch |
Sitta castanea |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
New 4 |
||
|
334 |
Sittidae |
Velvet-fronted
Nuthatch |
Sitta frontalis |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
|
|
335 |
Indian
Spotted Creeper |
Salpornis spilonota |
LC |
R, UC |
|
|
||
|
336 |
Rosy
Starling |
Pastor roseus |
LC |
WM, C |
|
New 4 |
||
|
337 |
Sturnidae |
Asian Pied
Starling |
Gracupica contra |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
New 1, 3, 4 |
|
|
338 |
Brahminy
Starling |
Sturnia pagodarum |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
||
|
339 |
Chestnut-tailed
Starling |
Sturnia malabarica |
LC |
R, C |
|
|
||
|
340 |
Common Myna
|
Acridotheres tristis |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
New 1, 2,
3, 4 |
||
|
341 |
Jungle Myna
|
Acridotheres fuscus |
LC |
R, UC |
Y |
|
||
|
342 |
Indian
Robin |
Saxicoloides fulicatus |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
||
|
343 |
Muscicapidae |
Oriental
Magpie Robin |
Copsychus saularis |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
|
|
344 |
White-rumped
Shama |
Kittacincla malabarica |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
||
|
345 |
Asian Brown
Flycatcher |
Muscicapa dauurica |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
||
|
346 |
Tickell's
Blue Flycatcher |
Cyornis tickelliae |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
||
|
347 |
Blue-throated
Blue Flycatcher |
Cyornis rubeculoides |
LC |
WM, UC |
Y |
|
||
|
348 |
Verditer
Flycatcher |
Eumyias thalassinus |
LC |
WM, C |
Y |
|
||
|
349 |
Bluethroat |
Luscinia svecica |
LC |
WM, C |
Y |
|
||
|
350 |
Red-breasted
Flycatcher |
Ficedula parva |
LC |
WM, C |
Y |
|
||
|
351 |
Taiga
Flycatcher |
Ficedula albicilla |
LC |
WM, C |
|
|
||
|
352 |
Ultramarine
Flycatcher |
Ficedula superciliaris |
LC |
WM, C |
Y |
New 2, 4 |
||
|
353 |
Black
Redstart |
Phoenicurus ochruros |
LC |
WM, C |
Y |
|
||
|
354 |
Blue-capped
Rock Thrush |
Monticola cinclorhyncha |
LC |
WM, UC |
|
|
||
|
355 |
Blue Rock
Thrush |
Monticola solitarius |
LC |
WM, C |
|
New 4 |
||
|
356 |
Malabar
Whistling-Thrush |
Myophonus horsfieldii |
LC |
R, C |
|
New 1, 4 |
||
|
357 |
Siberian
Stonechat |
Saxicola maurus |
LC |
WM, C |
Y |
New 1, 2,
3, 4 |
||
|
358 |
Pied
Bushchat |
Saxicola caprata |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
|
||
|
359 |
Brown Rock
Chat |
Oenanthe fusca |
LC |
R, C |
|
|
||
|
360 |
Orange-headed
Thrush |
Geokichla citrina |
LC |
R, C |
Y |
New 1, 2, 4 |
||
|
361 |
|
Turdidae |
Tickell's
Thrush |
Turdus unicolor |
LC |
R, C |
|
|
Source: 1—A M K Bharos | 2—Anurag
Vishwakarma | 3—AkhileshBharos | 4—Ravi Naidu | Y—Chandra & Boaz 2018 |
New—New species recorded. IUCN Red
List status: CR—Critically Endangered | EN—Endangered | VU—Vulberable | NT—Near Threatened | LC—Least
Concern. Notations: C—Common |
M—Migrant | R—Resident | RA—Rare | SM—Summer Migrant | UC—Uncommon | WM—Winter
Migrant.