Journal of Threatened Taxa |
www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 November 2021 | 13(13): 20098–20117
ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893
(Print)
https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.7040.13.13.20098-20117
#7040 | Received 31 December 2020 | Final
received 29 August 2021 | Finally accepted 19 October 2021
An enumeration of the flowering
plants of Kyongnosla Alpine Sanctuary in eastern Sikkim, India
Sudhansu Sekhar Dash 1,
Subhajit Lahiri 2 & Ashiho Asoshii Mao 3
1,3 Botanical Survey of India, III
MSO Building, 5–6th Floor, CGO Complex, DF Block, Sector-1, Salt
Lake, West Bengal 700064, India.
2 Botanical Survey of India,
Central National Herbarium, Howrah, Kolkata, West Bengal 711103, India.
1 ssdash2002@gmail.com (corresponding
author), 2 subhajitbsi@yahoo.com, 3 aamao2008@gmail.com
Editor: Ritesh Kumar Choudhary, Agharkar
Research Institute, Pune, India. Date of publication:
26 November 2021 (online & print)
Citation: Dash, S.S., S. Lahiri & A.A.
Mao (2021). An enumeration of the flowering
plants of Kyongnosla Alpine Sanctuary in eastern Sikkim, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 13(13): 20098–20117. https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.7040.13.13.20098-20117
Copyright: © Dash et al. 2021. Creative Commons Attribution
4.0 International License. JoTT allows
unrestricted use, reproduction, and distribution of this article in any medium
by providing adequate credit to the author(s) and the source of publication.
Funding: National Mission on Himalayan
Studies (NMHS/2015-16/LG02/02).
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing
interests.
Acknowledgements: The authors are thankful to the
director, Botanical Survey of India; scientist-in-charge, CAL, ASSAM and BSHC
for providing necessary facilities and granting permission for herbarium
consultation. The authors are also grateful to the secretary & principal chief
conservator of forests, Department of Forests, Govt. of Sikkim for providing
survey permission. The financial support provided by the Ministry of
Environment, Forest & Climate Change (MoEF&CC), New Delhi under
‘National Mission on Himalayan Studies’ (NMHS/2015-16/LG02/02) scheme is highly
acknowledged.
Abstract: The present paper is the outcome
of an extensive floristic survey conducted in two phases by the authors in
Kyongnosla Alpine Sanctuary, East Sikkim, India. During the study 411 taxa (400
species, 04 subspecies and 07 varieties) belonging to 173 genera and 54
families were recorded. The most dominating family was Asteraceae with 44
species followed by Ericaceae 28 species, Ranunculaceae 26 species,
Polygonaceae 24 species and Rosaceae 20 species. These five families represent 34.13%
of the total taxa recorded from the sanctuary. About 12 families were
represented by only one species each. The most dominating genus was Rhododendron
(18 species) followed by Primula (16 species), Pedicularis (15
species), Gentiana (11 species), and Impatiens (10 species).
Among the different growth forms, herbs contributed the maximum (86.61 %)
followed by shrubs (7.79%), trees (4.87%), climbers 0.49%, and epiphyte
(0.24%).
Keywords: checklist, eastern Himalaya,
floristic survey, growth form, Himalayan forest types.
Comprehensive documentation and
identification of plant diversity is one of the targets of Global Strategy for
Plant Conservation (GSPC). Being a signatory of the Convention on Plant
Diversity (CBD), India is committed towards achieving a complete inventory of
plant diversity of all the protected and nonprotected areas (Singh & Dash
2015). India is endowed with diverse ecosystems ranging from high altitude cold
deserts to hot and humid coastlands which show rich floral diversity.
Continuous survey and exploration in different habitats have facilitated an
updated inventory of plants, which opens up different potential linkages among
various sectors and implementation of appropriate action on management and
sustainable conservation.
Kyongnosla Alpine Sanctuary (KAS)
situated in the East district of Sikkim (Figure 1) between 27022’33”N latitude and 88044’13”E longitude covers an area of 31 km2 between
the elevation ranging from 3,000–4,500 m.
In the initial notification 45/WL/83/625 dated 29.viii.84, the area
demarcated was 4.5 km2, however in the second and final notification
45/WL/F/92/1585/F&WL dated 12.v.92 the area of the sanctuary extended to 31 km2. The vegetation
of the KAS comprises different ecological zones depending upon the elevation,
viz., mixed Rhododendron temperate forest, coniferous forest along open
slopes and ridges and alpine scrubs on upper reaches. Though it encompasses a
small area, the sanctuary supports a luxuriant temperate and alpine vegetation
owing to its unique topography, variation of altitudes and high annual
precipitation. All representative
Himalayan forest types (Champion & Seth 1968; Dash & Singh 2010), such
as northern montane wet temperate forests (dominated by Oaks Quercus, and
Acer); Himalayan moist temperate forests (dominated by Rhododendron spp., Tsuga
dumosa, Picea spinulosa, and Abies densa); Himalayan dry temperate
forests (represented by gregarious growth of Juniperus wallichiana);
sub-alpine forests (represented by Rhododendron spp., Betula utilis, Sorbus spp.) and
alpine forests (gregarious patches of Rhododendron
thickets, Juniperus recurva, and dense herbaceous growth) exist. The
subalpine and alpine forests are present with climax formations,
self-generating, resilience forest types.
Nevertheless, this diversity is variously challenged by several driving
forces such as over exploitation of medicinal plants, heavy grazing by yaks and
developmental activities in the fringe areas. Extensive surveys of the study
area were conducted to document the floristic composition in different
altitudinal gradients of the KAS from July 2017–March 2020, being a part of our
project work ‘Biodiversity Assessment through Long-term Monitoring of Plots In
the Indian Himalayan Landscape’ under the National Mission of Himalayan
Studies. In the paper we have enumerated 411 flowering plants occurring in the
sanctuary with their correct accepted names.
Materials and Methods
The entire area of KAS was
surveyed extensively in two phases. The first phase during 1998–2000 by the
first author (SSD) and the second phase during 2017–2020 by the first two
authors (SSD & SL). More than 1,300 plant specimens were collected and processed
following standard protocols (Jain & Rao 1977). All the collected specimens
were identified consulting available literature (Hooker 1872–1897; Grierson
& Long 1983; Long 1984; Grierson 1984; Grierson 1987; Grierson & Long
1987; Hajra & Verma 1996; Srivastava 1998; Aitken 1999; Aitken, Grierson
& Long 1999; Grierson & Springate 2001; Lucksom 2007; Gogoi et al.
2018; Maity et al. 2018; Mao et al. 2018; Lahiri et al. 2019; Dash et al. 2020;
Lahiri & Dash 2020) and voucher specimens were deposited at BSHC and CAL
for future reference. Earlier collections made from KAS by different collectors
and available in different herbaria (ASSAM, BSHC, and CAL) were also taken into
consideration while preparing the present enumeration. In the present
inventory, families are arranged as per APG IV system of classification (Chase
et al. 2016) and within the family, genera, and species are arranged
alphabetically. For determination of current names, the World Flora Online (http://www.worldfloraonline.org)
and Plants of the World Online (http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org) were
consulted. The enumeration comprises
family names, correct scientific names followed by valid author citation,
growth form, altitude ranges where they occur and collection details along with
the field number and herbarium acronym in each of the columns. Range of
distribution of a species has been determined taking into consideration the present collections and
also earlier collections deposited in different herbaria.
Results and
Discussion
The enumeration of the flowering
plants of KAS includes 411 species belonging to 173 genera and 54 families
(Table 2). The family Asteraceae with 44 species is the most dominant family,
followed by Ericaceae (28 species), Ranunculaceae (26 species), Polygonaceae
(24 species), and Rosaceae (20 species). These families represent 34.13% of the
total species recorded from the sanctuary. Among the genera, Rhododendron
is the most dominant genus represented by 18 species, followed by Primula
(16 species), Gentiana (11 species), Impatiens (10 species), Corydalis
(9 species), Saxifraga and Rhodiola (7 species each). Three
families, i.e., Acanthaceae, Carlemanniaceae, and Euphorbiaceae are represented
by only one species.
The plants present in the
sanctuary show wider distribution in other parts of the Himalaya too, such as Allium
prattii, Cyananthus lobatus, Gaultheria trichophylla, Juniperus
recurva, Nardostachys jatamansii, Rosa sericea, and Streptopus
simplex, which have a wider distribution from North-West Himalayas to
China. The taxa showing eastward extension are Cassiope selaginoides,
Gentiana stylophora, Morina nepalensis, Panax pseudo-ginseng, Primula
sikkimensis, and Ribes luridum.
Many species which are restricted only to eastern Himalaya are
represented by Abies densa, Meconopsis villosa, Rhododendron lanatum,
Impatiens cymbifera, Codonopsis benthamii, Codonopsis subsimplex, and Primula
kingii.
The basal angiosperm is
represented by only one species Schisandra grandiflora (Wall.) Hook.f.
& Thomson, while eudicots are represented by 85.88% and monocots by 13.86%
of total species in KAS (Table 1).
The sanctuary provides a suitable
habitat both for temperate and alpine species and holds many endangered and
endemic species, viz. Aconitum ferox, Bhutanthera albomarginata,
Ponerorchis puberula, Aconitum novoluridum, Codonopsis benthamii, Codonopsis
subsimplex etc. The present study also recorded some of little-known
species viz. Bhutanthera albomarginata, Ponerorchis puberula, Aconitum
novoluridum, Codonopsis benthamii, Rubus lasiostylus, Sinopodophyllum
hexandrum, Gentiana leucomelaena, Veratrilla burkilliana, Tibetoseris
depressa, and Pedicularis porrecta.
The sanctuary has been facing a continuous challenge in its community
structure due to various anthropogenic interferences and heavy grazing which
need to be controlled.
Table 1. Detailed analysis of
floristic diversity under various taxonomic groups (values in parentheses are
percent contribution of the total).
|
|
Total
Families |
Total
Genera |
Total taxa |
||||||
|
Angiosperms |
Basal angiosperms (Austrobaileyales
Takht. ex Reveal) |
Mono cots |
Eudicots |
Basal angiosperms (Austrobaileyales
Takht. ex Reveal) |
Monocots |
Eudicots |
Basal angiosperms (Austrobaileyales
Takht. ex Reveal) |
Mono cots |
Eudicots |
|
01 (1.85%) |
13 (24.07%) |
40 (74.07%) |
01 (0.57%) |
30 (17.34%) |
142 (82.08%) |
01 (0.24%) |
57 (13.86%) |
353 (85.88%) |
|
|
Total |
54 |
173 |
411 |
||||||
Table 2. Enumeration of the
flowering plants of Kyongnosla Alpine Sanctuary.
|
Family |
Scientific name of taxa |
*Growth
form |
Altitude (m) |
Collection number & Herbarium
acronym |
|
Basal angiosperms |
||||
|
Schisandraceae |
Schisandra grandiflora (Wall.) Hook.f. & Thomson |
C |
3000–3600 |
S.S. Dash 24144 (BSHC) |
|
Monocots |
||||
|
Araceae |
Arisaema erubescens (Wall.) Schott |
H |
2000–3400 |
S.S. Dash 22712 (BSHC) |
|
Arisaema griffithii Schott |
H |
2400–3700 |
S.S. Dash 27028 (BSHC); S. Lahiri 95710 (CAL) |
|
|
Arisaema jacquemontii Blume |
H |
2300–4200 |
S.S. Dash 22782 (BSHC); S. Lahiri 86682 (CAL) |
|
|
Tofieldiaceae |
Tofieldia himalaica Baker |
H |
3000-4500 |
B. Krishna 2068 (BSHC) |
|
Nartheciaceae |
Aletris glabra Bureau & Franchet |
H |
2400–4200 |
S.S. Dash 27247 (BSHC); S. Lahiri 86690 (CAL) |
|
Aletris pauciflora (Klotzsch) Hand. –Mazz. |
H |
2200–4900 |
S.S. Dash 22734 (BSHC); S. Lahiri 85719 (CAL) |
|
|
Smilacaceae |
Smilax menispermoidea A.DC. |
C |
2800–3600 |
S.S. Dash 20995, 24010 (BSHC); S. Lahiri 86685(CAL) |
|
Liliaceae |
Fritillaria cirrhosa D.Don |
H |
3200–4500 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 86714, 64902, 86623 (CAL) |
|
Gagea flavonutans (H. Hara) Zarrei & Wilkin |
H |
3800–4500 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 85788 (CAL) |
|
|
Lilium nanum Klotzsch |
H |
3500–4500 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 85784 (CAL) |
|
|
Streptopus simplex D. Don |
H |
3200-4300 |
S.S. Dash 22270 (BSHC); S. Lahiri 85701 (CAL) |
|
|
Orchidaceae |
Bhutanthera albomarginata (King & Pant.) Renz |
H |
3800–4300 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 85753, 95737 (CAL) |
|
Galearis spathulata (Lindl.) P.F.Hunt |
H |
3000–4300 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 86661 (CAL) |
|
|
Gymnadenia orchidis Lindl. |
H |
2800–4100 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 85791 (CAL) |
|
|
Herminium macrophyllum (D.Don) Dandy |
H |
2400–4100 |
S.S. Dash 38383 (BSHC) |
|
|
Herminium monorchis (L.) R.Br |
H |
1200–4500 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 95720 (CAL) |
|
|
Platanthera exelliana Soó Hook.f |
H |
3300–4500 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 95721 (CAL). |
|
|
Platanthera leptocaulon (Hook.f.) Soó |
H |
3000–4000 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 85705, 86695 (CAL). |
|
|
Ponerorchis chusua (D.Don) Soó |
H |
2500–4500 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 86665, 85714(CAL) |
|
|
Ponerorchis puberula (King & Pantl.) Verm. |
H |
2700-3600 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 85702 (CAL) |
|
|
Satyrium nepalense D.Don |
H |
1800–4000 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 86731(CAL) |
|
|
Satyrium nepalense var. ciliatum (Lindl.) Hook.f. |
H |
2500–4000 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 86730, 86747(CAL) |
|
|
Iridaceae |
Iris clarkei Baker ex Hook.f. |
H |
3300–4200 |
S.S. Dash 22702 (BSHC); S. Lahiri 85727 (CAL) |
|
Amaryllidaceae |
Allium prattii C.H. Wright |
H |
2500–4400 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 85785, 95735 (CAL) |
|
Allium wallichii Kunth |
H |
3000–4500 |
S.S. Dash 24071, 24122, 27002 (BSHC); S. Lahiri
86737 (CAL) |
|
|
Asparagaceae |
Maianthemum oleraceum (Baker) LaFrankie |
H |
2700–3600 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 95729 (CAL) |
|
Maianthemum purpureum (Wall.) LaFrankie |
H |
2700–4000 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 86691, 86692 (CAL) |
|
|
Polygonatum brevistylum Baker |
H |
2000–3300 |
S.S. Dash 22710 (BSHC) |
|
|
Polygonatum cirrhifolium (Wall.) Royle |
H |
2200–4200 |
S.S. Dash 20992(a) (BSHC) |
|
|
Polygonatum verticillatum (L.) All. |
H |
2400–4300 |
S.S. Dash 20992, 22710 (BSHC); S. Lahiri 86694 (CAL) |
|
|
Eriocaulaceae |
Eriocaulon alpestre Hook.f. & Thomson ex Körn. |
H |
2400–3900 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 64907 (CAL) |
|
Juncaceae |
Juncus benghalensis Kunth |
H |
2200–4200 |
S.S. Dash 22728 (BSHC); S. Lahiri 86696 (CAL) |
|
Juncus bufonius L. |
H |
2700–4500 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 64934 (CAL) |
|
|
Juncus cephalostigma Sam. |
H |
3300–4500 |
S. Pradhan 6631 (BSHC) |
|
|
Juncus chrysocarpus Buchenau |
H |
3000–3600 |
D.C.S. Raju 3680 (BSHC) |
|
|
Juncus concinnus D.Don |
H |
2100–4300 |
S.S. Dash 27016 (BSHC) |
|
|
Juncus effusus L. |
H |
2000–3400 |
S.S. Dash 27286 (BSHC) |
|
|
Juncus grisebachii Buchenau |
H |
2500–5000 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 86745 (CAL) |
|
|
Juncaceae |
Juncus himalensis Klotzsch |
H |
2400–4200 |
S.S. Dash 24123,24130 (BSHC); S. Lahiri 86657 (CAL) |
|
Juncus kingii Rendle |
H |
3700–4300 |
S.S. Dash 27231 (BSHC) |
|
|
Juncus sikkimensis Hook.f. |
H |
3600–4800 |
S.S. Dash 27289 |
|
|
Juncus thomsonii Buchenau |
H |
3600–3900 |
S.S. Dash 22208 (BSHC); S. Lahiri 64923 (CAL) |
|
|
Luzula multiflora (Ehrh.) Lej. |
H |
3000–4500 |
S.S. Dash 20996 (BSHC); S. Lahiri (CAL) |
|
|
Cyperaceae |
Carex gracilenta Boott ex Boeckeler |
H |
3200–4300 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 64909 (CAL) |
|
Carex inanis Kunth |
H |
1400–3700 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 64929 (CAL) |
|
|
Kobresia curticeps (C.B.Clarke) Kük. |
H |
2500–4000 |
G.P. Sinha & D.G. Long 17748 (BSHC) |
|
|
Poaceae |
Agrostis inaequiglumis Griseb. |
H |
3000–4500 |
S.S. Dash 24046 (BSHC); S. Lahiri 64911 (CAL) |
|
Agrostis micrantha Steud. |
H |
1600–3500 |
P. Singh & S.K. Rai. 23784 (BSHC). |
|
|
Agrostis nervosa Nees ex Trinius |
H |
3300–4000 |
S.S. Dash 22789 (BSHC) |
|
|
Calamagrostis emodensis Griseb. |
H |
2200–4600 |
S.S. Dash 24068 (BSHC) |
|
|
Calamagrostis scabrescens Griseb. |
H |
2000–3800 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 64931 (CAL) |
|
|
Cyathopus sikkimensis Stapf |
H |
3600-4600 |
S.S. Dash 24105 (BSHC) |
|
|
Deschampsia cespitosa (L.) P.Beauv. |
H |
2700-4500 |
S.S. Dash 24104 (BSHC) |
|
|
Festuca rubra L. |
H |
3500–4200 |
S.S. Dash 27228 (BSHC) |
|
|
Festuca valesiaca Schleicher ex Gaudin |
H |
2500–3700 |
S.S. Dash 27044 (BSHC) |
|
|
Poa pagophila Bor |
H |
3600–5200 |
S.S. Dash 27035 (BSHC) |
|
|
Poa pratensis L. |
H |
3000–5000 |
S.S. Dash 24113 (BSHC) |
|
|
Eudicots |
||||
|
Papaveraceae |
Corydalis cashmeriana Royle |
H |
3000–5000 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 85773 (CAL) |
|
Corydalis filicina Prain |
H |
2500-3500 |
S.S. Dash 27250 (BSHC); S. Lahiri 85774 (CAL) |
|
|
Corydalis flaccida Hook.f. & Thomson |
H |
3300–4200 |
S.S. Dash 22738 (BSHC) |
|
|
Corydalis juncea Wall. |
H |
3600–4600 |
S.S. Dash 27226 (BSHC) |
|
|
Corydalis meifolia Wall. |
H |
3800–5200 |
S.S. Dash 27223 (BSHC); S. Lahiri 86612 (CAL) |
|
|
Corydalis polygalina Hook.f. & Thomson |
H |
4000–5100 |
D.C.S. Raju 3655 (BSHC) |
|
|
Corydalis pseudolongipes Lidén |
H |
3000–4000 |
S.S. Dash 24119,24018, 27276 (BSHC); S. Lahiri 86634
(CAL) |
|
|
Corydalis sikkimensis (Prain) Fedde |
H |
3000–4600 |
S.S. Dash 27006 (BSHC) |
|
|
Corydalis trifoliata Franch. |
H |
3600–4200 |
S.S. Dash 20977 (BSHC) |
|
|
Meconopsis paniculata (D. Don) Prain |
H |
3000–4200 |
S.S. Dash 22715 (BSHC); S. Lahiri 86659 (CAL) |
|
|
Meconopsis simplicifolia (D. Don) Walp. |
H |
3200–4500 |
S.S. Dash 20073 (BSHC); S. Lahiri 95705 (CAL) |
|
|
Meconopsis villosa (Hook.f.) G.Taylor |
H |
2700–4300 |
S.S. Dash 22703(BSHC); S. Lahiri 85723(CAL) |
|
|
Berberidaceae |
Berberis angulosa Wall. ex Hook.f. & Thomson |
S |
3000–4000 |
S.S. Dash 27008 (BSHC); S. Lahiri 85879, 86651 (CAL) |
|
Berberis griffithiana C.K.Schneid. |
H |
2500–3300 |
S.S. Dash 22776 (BSHC) |
|
|
Berberis macrosepala Hook.f & Thomson |
H |
3500–4400 |
S.S. Dash 22776(A) (BSHC) |
|
|
Sinopodophyllum hexandrum (Royle) T.S.Ying |
H |
2500–4500 |
S.S. Dash 27029 (BSHC). |
|
|
Ranunculaceae |
Aconitum dissectum D.Don |
H |
3200-4500 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 85739 (CAL) |
|
Aconitum ferox Wallich ex Sering |
H |
3000–5000 |
S.S. Dash 27225 (A) (BSHC); S. Lahiri 86754 (CAL) |
|
|
Aconitum heterophylloides (Brühl) Stapf |
H |
3300–4500 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 86784 (CAL) |
|
|
Aconitum novoluridum Munz |
H |
2000–3500 |
S.S. Dash 27225(BSHC); S. Lahiri 64905 (CAL) |
|
|
Aconitum palmatum D.Don |
H |
2500–4000 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 86795 (CAL) |
|
|
Aconitum spicatum (Bruelh) Stapf |
H |
3500–4000 |
S.S. Dash 27227 (BSHC); S. Lahiri 86783 (CAL) |
|
|
Anemone obtusiloba D.Don |
H |
2300–5300 |
S.S. Dash 22752 (BSHC) |
|
|
Anemone rupestris Wallich ex Hook.f.
|
H |
2000–3500 |
S. Lahiri 95717 (CAL). |
|
|
Ranunculaceae |
Anemone trullifolia Hook.f. & Thomson |
H |
2500–5000 |
S.S. Dash 27256 (BSHC) |
|
Caltha palustris L. |
H |
2000–3600 |
S.S. Dash 22721 (BSHC). |
|
|
Caltha scaposa Hook.f. & Thomson |
H |
2500–4500 |
S.S. Dash 27225 (BSHC); S. Lahiri 86649 (CAL) |
|
|
Clematis montana Buch. –Ham. ex DC. |
H |
2000–4000 |
S.S. Dash 22701 (BSHC); S. Lahiri 86788, 95712 (CAL) |
|
|
Delphinium candelabrum Ostenf. |
H |
4100–5300 |
S.S. Dash 24189 (BSHC) |
|
|
Oxygraphis polypetala (Raf.) Hook.f. & Thomson |
H |
3200–5300 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 73248 (CAL) |
|
|
Ranunculus brotherusii Freyn |
H |
3000–3300 |
S.S. Dash 22747 (BSHC) |
|
|
Ranunculus diffusus DC. |
H |
1100–3100 |
S.S. Dash 22741 (BSHC) |
|
|
Ranunculus ficariifolius Leveille & Veniot |
H |
1100–3200 |
S.S. Dash 27294 (BSHC) |
|
|
Ranunculus hirtellus Royle ex D.Don |
H |
3000–5000 |
Sinha & Shukla 20550 (BSHC) |
|
|
Ranunculus pulchellus C.A. Mey. |
H |
2300–3200 |
S.S. Dash 20993, 20973 (BSHC) |
|
|
Ranunculus trichophyllus Chaix |
H |
3200–4100 |
Sinha & Shukla 20550 (BSHC) |
|
|
Thalictrum alpinum L. |
H |
2800–5000 |
S.S. Dash 19289 (BSHC); S. Lahiri 64924 (CAL) |
|
|
Thalictrum chelidonii DC. |
H |
2300–3600 |
S.S. Dash 24197 (BSHC) |
|
|
Thalictrum elegans Wall. ex Royle |
H |
2700–4200 |
S.S. Dash 24048 (BSHC) |
|
|
Thalictrum javanicum Blume |
H |
1500–3800 |
S.S. Dash 24196 (BSHC) |
|
|
Thalictrum reniforme Wall. |
H |
2800–3700 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 85711 (CAL) |
|
|
Thalictrum rutifolium Hook.f. & Thomson |
H |
2300–4300 |
S.K. Rai 9455 (BSHC) |
|
|
Grossulariaceae |
Ribes glaciale Wall |
S |
2000–3500 |
S.S. Dash 27284 (BSHC) |
|
Ribes laciniatum Hook.f. & Thomson |
S |
2400–3900 |
S.S. Dash 27206 (BSHC) |
|
|
Ribes luridum Hook.f. & Thomson |
S |
2800–4200 |
S.S. Dash 24150 (BSHC) |
|
|
Ribes takare D.Don |
S |
2700–4200 |
S.S. Dash 22796, 22799 (BSHC) |
|
|
Saxifragaceae |
Astilbe rivularis Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don |
H |
2000–3600 |
S.S. Dash 20976, 24135 (BSHC); S. Lahiri 86662 (CAL) |
|
Bergenia ciliata (Haw.) Sternb. |
H |
2000–3500 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 95753 (CAL) |
|
|
Bergenia purpurascens (Hook.f. & Thomson) Engl. |
H |
3700–4800 |
S.S. Dash 27221 (BSHC); S. Lahiri 86718 (CAL) |
|
|
Saxifraga assamensis Wadhwa |
H |
3600–3900 |
S.S. Dash 24198 (BSHC) |
|
|
Saxifraga brachypoda D.Don |
H |
3000–5000 |
S.S. Dash 24198 (BSHC); S. Lahiri 86775, 85769 (CAL) |
|
|
Saxifraga cordigera Hook.f. & Thomson |
H |
3000–4600 |
S.S. Dash 27208 (BSHC) & S. Lahiri 86797 (CAL) |
|
|
Saxifraga melanocentra Franch. |
|
3000–4900 |
Sinha & Shukla 20447 (BSHC) |
|
|
Saxifraga moorcroftiana (Ser.) Wall. ex Sternb. |
H |
2000–3500 |
S.S. Dash 24126, 27214 (BSHC); S. Lahiri 86776 (CAL) |
|
|
Saxifraga pallida Wall. ex Ser. |
H |
3000–5000 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 86617 (CAL) |
|
|
Saxifraga parnassifolia D.Don |
H |
2000–3500 |
S.S. Dash 24001 (BSHC); S. Lahiri 86786 (CAL) |
|
|
Crassulaceae |
Rhodiola bupleuroides (Wall. ex Hook.f. & Thomson) S.H.Fu |
H |
3400–5700 |
S.S. Dash 27274(BSHC); S. Lahiri 85730, 85757 (CAL) |
|
Rhodiola chrysanthemifolia (H. Lév.) S.H.Fu |
H |
3200–4200 |
S.S. Dash 19275 (BSHC) |
|
|
Rhodiola cretinii (Raymond–Hamet) H.Ohba |
H |
3700–4400 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 85752 (CAL) |
|
|
Rhodiola crenulata (Hook.f. & Thomson) H.Ohba |
H |
2800–5600 |
S.S. Dash 27248 (BSHC). |
|
|
Rhodiola fastigiata (Hook. f. & Thomson) S.H.Fu |
H |
3500–5400 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 74489 (CAL) |
|
|
Rhodiola himalensis (D. Don) S.H.Fu |
H |
3600–4200 |
S.S. Dash 6620, 85752 (BSHC); S. Lahiri 74416 (CAL). |
|
|
Rhodiola wallichiana (Hook.) S.H.Fu |
H |
3500–3800 |
S.S. Dash 27255, 24012; S. Lahiri 86715, 86748 (CAL) |
|
|
Fabaceae (= Leguminosae) |
Astragalus sikkimensis Bunge |
H |
2600–4500 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 64922 (CAL) |
|
Parochetus communis D.Don |
H |
1800–3500 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 86654 (CAL) |
|
|
Rosaceae |
Fragaria nubicola (Lindl. ex Hook.f.) Lacaita |
H |
2500–3900 |
S.S. Dash 24045 (BSHC); S. Lahiri 86728 (CAL) |
|
Fragaria vesca L. |
H |
2000–3200 |
S. Singh 3398 (BSHC) |
|
|
Potentilla eriocarpa Wall. ex Lehm. |
H |
2700–5000 |
S.S. Dash 22753 (BSHC) |
|
|
Potentilla fruticosa var. arbuscula (D. Don) Maxim. |
S |
2600–4600 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 85742 (CAL) |
|
|
Potentilla leuconota D.Don |
H |
2200–4600 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 86640 (CAL) |
|
|
Potentilla peduncularis D.Don |
H |
3000–4800 |
S.S. Dash 22735 (BSHC); S. Lahiri 95754 (CAL) |
|
|
Potentilla polyphylla Wall. ex Lehm. |
H |
2500–4500 |
S.S. Dash 22707 (BSHC) |
|
|
Potentilla saundersiana Royle |
H |
2600–5200 |
S.S. Dash 22762 (BSHC) |
|
|
Prunus carmesina H.Hara |
T |
1900–3000 |
S.S. Dash & S. Lahiri 95760 (CAL) |
|
|
Prunus cornuata |
T |
2000–3200 |
S.S. Dash & S. Lahiri 95761 (CAL) |
|
|
Rosa sericea Wall. ex Lindl. |
S |
3000– 4000 |
S.S. Dash 222705, 24036, 27246, 27041 (BSHC); S.
Lahiri 86627 (CAL) |
|
|
Rubus lasiostylus Focke |
S |
2700–3200 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 85717 (CAL) |
|
|
Rubus mesogaeus Focke |
S |
2700–3600 |
S.S. Dash 24194 (BSHC) |
|
|
Rubus pectinarioides H.Hara |
S |
2000–3500 |
D.C.S. Raju & S. Singh 3661 (BSHC) |
|
|
Rubus pedunculosus D.Don |
S |
2600–3700 |
S.S. Dash 22784 (BSHC) |
|
|
Rubus thomsonii Focke |
S |
2700–3400 |
A.K. Sahoo 3588 (BSHC) |
|
|
Sibbaldia parviflora Willd. |
H |
2000–3500 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 86723 (CAL) |
|
|
Sorbus foliolosa (Wall.) Spach |
T |
2500–4200 |
S.S. Dash 20987 (BSHC); S. Lahiri 86780 (CAL) |
|
|
Sorbus prattii Koehne |
T |
2000–4500 |
S.S. Dash 24133 (BSHC) |
|
|
Sorbus microphylla (Wall. ex Hook.f.) Wenz. |
T |
3200–4200 |
S.S. Dash 24038 (BSHC) |
|
|
Spiraea arcuata Hook.f. |
S |
2700–4000 |
S.S. Dash 22794 (BSHC) |
|
|
Spiraea canescens D.Don |
S |
2700–4000 |
S.S. Dash 24154 (BSHC); S. Lahiri 95739 (CAL) |
|
|
Betulaceae |
Betula utilis D.Don |
T |
2600–4200 |
S.S. Dash 22751, 24019 (BSHC) |
|
Celastraceae |
Euonymus tingens Wall |
H |
1300–3700 |
S.S. Dash 24049 (BSHC) |
|
Parnassia chinensis Franch. |
H |
2500–4400 |
S.S. Dash 27208 (BSHC); S. Lahiri 86733, 86632,
86638 (CAL) |
|
|
Parnassia cooperi W.E.Evans |
H |
3000–3500 |
S.S. Dash 22741(BSHC) |
|
|
Parnassia nubicola Wall. ex Royle |
H |
3200–4350 |
S.S. Dash 24131,27203 (BSHC); S. Lahiri 86733(CAL) |
|
|
Parnassia tenella Hook.f. & Thomson |
H |
2800–3400 |
S.S. Dash 22741(BSHC) |
|
|
Oxalidaceae |
Oxalis leucolepis Diels |
H |
2800–4000 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 86664 (CAL) |
|
Hypericaceae |
Hypericum choisianum Wall. ex N.Robson |
H |
2100–4000 |
S.S. Dash 20980 (BSHC) |
|
Hypericum hookerianum Wight & Arn. |
H |
1900–3400 |
S.S. Dash 24077 (BSHC); S. Lahiri 86724 (CAL) |
|
|
Hypericum petiolulatum Hook.f. & Thomson ex Dyer |
H |
1000–3100 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 86653 (CAL) |
|
|
Violaceae |
Viola biflora L. |
H |
2500–4300 |
S.S. Dash 22733 (BSHC); S. Lahiri 85772 (CAL) |
|
Salicaceae |
Salix calyculata Hook.f. ex Andersson |
S |
3400–4700 |
S.S. Dash 22749 (BSHC); S. Lahiri 74463 (CAL) |
|
Salix daltoniana Andersson |
S |
3000–4400 |
S.S. Dash 24013 (BSHC) |
|
|
Salix longiflora Wall. ex Andersson |
S |
500–4000 |
Sinha & Shukla 20470 (BSHC) |
|
|
Salix serpyllum Anderson |
S |
3200–4500 |
S.S. Dash 24050 (BSHC); S. Lahiri 85878 (CAL). |
|
|
Salix sikkimensis Andersson |
S |
3350–4000 |
S.S. Dash 27290 (BSHC); S. Lahiri 86631 (CAL) |
|
|
Euphorbiaceae |
Euphorbia sikkimensis Boiss. |
H |
2500–3500 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 85766 (CAL) |
|
Geraniaceae |
Geranium donianum Sweet |
H |
2400–4800 |
S.S. Dash 24043 (BSHC); S. Lahiri 74455 (CAL) |
|
Geranium nepalense Sweet |
H |
1000–3600 |
S.S. Dash 24040, 22757 (BSHC); S. Lahiri 85721 (CAL) |
|
|
Geranium polyanthes Edgew. & Hook.f. |
H |
2900–4000 |
S.S. Dash 24065 (BSHC) |
|
|
Onagraceae |
Circaea alpina subsp. imaicola (Asch. & Magnus) Kitam. |
H |
2000–4000 |
B. Krishna 6431 (BSHC) |
|
Epilobium amurense Hausskn. |
H |
2100–4000 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 86633 (CAL) |
|
|
Epilobium sikkimense Hausskn. |
H |
2000–3750 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 85741 (CAL) |
|
|
Epilobium tibetanum Hausskn. |
H |
2000–4500 |
Sinha & Shukla 21598 (BSHC) |
|
|
Epilobium wallichianum Hausskn. |
H |
2200–4100 |
Sinha & Shukla 21594 (BSHC) |
|
|
Epilobium williamsii P.H.Raven |
H |
2300–4700 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 74422 (CAL). |
|
|
Sapindaceae |
Acer acuminatum Wall. ex D.Don |
T |
3300–4700 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 95744 (CAL) |
|
Acer campbellii Hook.f. & Thomson ex Hiern |
T |
2000–3500 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 85708 (CAL) |
|
|
Brassicaceae (= Cruciferae) |
Arcyosperma primulifolium (Thomson) O.E.Schulz |
H |
3000–4500 |
Sinha & Shukla 20539 (BSHC) |
|
Barbarea elata Hook.f. & Thomson |
H |
3200–3800 |
S.S. Dash 22749 (A) (BSHC) |
|
|
Barbarea intermedia Boreau |
H |
2800–4200 |
S.S. Dash 22779 (BSHC); S. Lahiri 95716 (CAL) |
|
|
Cardamine griffithi Hook.f., Thomson |
H |
2000–3800 |
S.S. Dash 22739 (BSHC) |
|
|
Cardamine macrophylla Willd. |
H |
2500–4200 |
S.S. Dash 22754, 27053 (BSHC); S. Lahiri 86628,
85877 (CAL) |
|
|
Cardamine pulchella (Hook.f. & Thomson) Al–Shehbaz & G.Yang |
H |
3000–4100 |
S.S. Dash 22766 (BSHC) S. Lahiri 85716 (CAL) |
|
|
Pegaeophyton minutum H.Hara |
H |
3700–4200 |
S. Lahiri 95749 (CAL) |
|
|
Thlaspi montanum L. |
H |
1500–3000 |
S. Pradhan 6608 (BSHC) |
|
|
Polygonaceae |
Aconogonon campanulatum (Hook.f.) H.Hara |
H |
3000–3600 |
S.S. Dash 20736, 24035, 86642 (BSHC); S. Lahiri
86642 (CAL) |
|
Aconogonon campanulatum var. oblongum (Meisn.) H.Hara |
H |
3000–3600 |
S.S. Dash 22717 (BSHC). |
|
|
Aconogonon molle (D. Don) H.Hara |
H |
2000–4000 |
S.S. Dash 24081 (BSHC); S. Lahiri 86620 (CAL) |
|
|
Aconogonon polystachyum (Wall. ex Meisn.) M.Král |
H |
2000–4000 |
S.S. Dash 20735, 27242, 24005 (BSHC); S. Lahiri
86742 (CAL) |
|
|
Aconogonon rude (Meisn.) S.S.Dash
& P.Singh |
H |
2000–3300 |
S.S. Dash 24138 (BSHC) |
|
|
Bistorta affinis (D.Don) Greene |
H |
3500–5000 |
S.S. Dash 27293 (BSHC); S. Lahiri 74426 (CAL) |
|
|
Bistorta amplexicaulis (D.Don) Green |
H |
3000–4200 |
S.S. Dash 20999, 24002 (BSH); S. Lahiri 85713 (CAL) |
|
|
Bistorta emodi (Meisn.) H.Hara |
H |
3200–4000 |
S.S. Dash 27253 (BSHC); S. Lahiri 64935 (CAL) |
|
|
Bistorta macrophylla (D.Don) Soják |
H |
3500–4200 |
S.S. Dash 27251 (BSHC) |
|
|
Bistorta suffulta (Maximowicz) Greene ex. H.Gross |
H |
3000–4200 |
S. Kumar & P. Singh 11640 (BSHC) |
|
|
Bistorta vacciniifolia (Wall. ex Meisn.) Greene |
H |
2600–3900 |
S.S. Dash 24109 (BSHC); S. Lahiri 86758 (CAL) |
|
|
Bistorta vivipara (L) S.F.Gray |
H |
2200–3850 |
S.S. Dash 22719 (BSHC); S. Lahiri 86726, 85800 (CAL) |
|
|
Polygonaceae |
Koenigia delicatula (Meisn.) H.Hara |
H |
2600–5000 |
S.S. Dash 18593, 24060, 27240 (BSHC); S. Lahiri
74492, 85720 (CAL) |
|
Koenigia forrestii (Diels) Mesicek & Soják |
H |
2800–5200 |
D.G. Long et al.
18245 (BSHC) |
|
|
Koenigia nepalensis D.Don |
H |
2800–5000 |
S.S. Dash 27032 (BSHC); S. Lahiri 85720, 85738 (CAL) |
|
|
Koenigia nepalensis D.Don var. villosa |
H |
3000–4900 |
S.S. Dash 24041(BSHC) |
|
|
Koenigia pilosa Maxim. |
H |
3000–4500 |
Sinha & Shukla 21565 (BSHC) |
|
|
Oxyria digyna (L.) Hill |
H |
3000–5500 |
S.S. Dash 18532, 27283 (BSHC); S. Lahiri 86619
(CAL). |
|
|
Persicaria nepalensis (Meisn.) Miyabe |
H |
2500–3900 |
S.S. Dash 27032,24041(BSHC); S. Lahiri 86738, 86739,
85797 (CAL) |
|
|
Persicaria runcinata (Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don) H. Gross |
H |
1000–3800 |
S.S. Dash 24032 (BSHC); S. Lahiri 86735, 85710,
85711 (CAL) |
|
|
Polygonaceae |
Rheum acuminatum Hook.f. & Thomson |
H |
3000–4100 |
S.S. Dash 18569 (BSHC); S. Lahiri 85735 (CAL). |
|
Rheum nobile Hook.f. & Thomson |
H |
3000–5200 |
S.S. Dash 24124 (BSHC). |
|
|
Rumex dentatus L. |
H |
2200–3800 |
S.S. Dash 20985 (BSHC) |
|
|
Rumex nepalensis Spreng. |
H |
1500–3600 |
S.S. Dash 22775, 24066, 27268 (BSHC) |
|
|
Caryophyllaceae |
Arenaria debilis Hook.f |
H |
3000–4900 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 85726 (CAL) |
|
Cerastium glomeratum Thuill. |
H |
1000–4200 |
S.S. Dash 27287 (BSHC); S. Lahiri 86625 (CAL) |
|
|
Gypsophila cerastoides D.Don |
H |
3000–4200 |
S.S. Dash 22763,22787 (BSHC); S. Lahiri 85764 (CAL) |
|
|
Silene caespitella F.Williams |
H |
2500–5100 |
S.S. Dash 24190 (A) (BSHC); S. Lahiri 86727 (CAL) |
|
|
Silene indica (Roxb.) Roxb. ex Otth |
H |
2500–5000 |
B. Krishna & B. Mitra 6414 (BSHC) |
|
|
Silene nigrescens (Edgew.) Majumdar |
H |
3000–4500 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 64903 (CAL) |
|
|
Stellaria subumbellata Edgew. |
H |
3500–5300 |
S.S. Dash 24118 (BSHC) |
|
|
Balsaminaceae |
Impatiens bicornuta Wall. |
H |
2400–3200 |
P.K. Hajra 514 (BSHC) |
|
Impatiens cymbifera Hook.f. |
H |
2100–3200 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 95746 (CAL) |
|
|
Impatiens falcifer Hook.f. |
H |
2400–3800 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 95747 (CAL) |
|
|
Impatiens jurpia Buch.-Ham. |
H |
2000–3000 |
S.S. Dash 20988 (BSHC) |
|
|
Impatiens kingii Hook.f. |
H |
2800–4000 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 86708 (CAL) |
|
|
Impatiens racemosa DC. |
H |
1500–3300 |
S.S. Dash 27207(BSHC); S. Lahiri 95748 (CAL) |
|
|
Impatiens radiata Hook.f. |
H |
2000–3600 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 86639, 86641(CAL) |
|
|
Impatiens serratifolia Hook.f. |
H |
2400–3300 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 85712, 86643 (CAL) |
|
|
Impatiens spirifer Hook.f. & Thomson |
H |
1200–3200 |
S.S. Dash 27257 (BSHC) |
|
|
Impatiens urticifolia Wall. |
H |
2300–3400 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 86707 (CAL) |
|
|
Primulaceae |
Androsace croftii Watt |
H |
3000–4000 |
S.S. Dash & S. Lahiri 95762 (CAL) |
|
Primula calderiana Balf.f. & Cooper |
H |
3500–4500 |
Sinha & Shukla 21589 (BSHC) |
|
|
Primula capitata Hook.f |
H |
3500–4500 |
S.S. Dash
24092 (BSHC); S. Lahiri 85775 (CAL) |
|
|
Primula drummondiana Craib |
H |
3000–4200 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 74545 (CAL) |
|
|
Primula elongata Watt |
H |
3800–4300 |
S.S. Dash & S. Lahiri 95759 (CAL) |
|
|
Primula glomerata Pax |
H |
3300–5700 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 85775 (CAL) |
|
|
Primula involucrata Wall. ex Duby |
H |
3000–4500 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 85750 (CAL) |
|
|
Primula kingii Watt |
H |
3500–4300 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 85728 (CAL) |
|
|
Primula minutissima Jacquem. ex Duby |
H |
3700–5200 |
S.S. Dash 27280 (BSHC) |
|
|
Primula obliqua W.W.Sm. |
H |
3500–4500 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 86614(CAL) |
|
|
Primula primulina (Spreng.) H.Hara |
H |
3400–5000 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 85780, 85781 (CAL) |
|
|
Primula reticulata Wall. |
H |
3000–4000 |
S. Pradhan 6603 (BSHC) |
|
|
Primula sapphirina Hook.f. & Thomson ex Watt |
H |
3500–4800 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 85796 (CAL) |
|
|
Primula scapigera (Hook.f.) Craib |
H |
2000–4000 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 73245 (BSHC) |
|
|
Primula sikkimensis Hook.f. |
H |
3200–4400 |
S.S. Dash 22722, 27212(BSHC); S. Lahiri 85707 (CAL) |
|
|
Primula vaginata Watt |
H |
2500–4500 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 95726 (CAL) |
|
|
Primula wattii King ex Watt |
H |
4000–4600 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 95704 (CAL) |
|
|
Ericaceae |
Cassiope fastigiata (Wall.) D.Don |
H |
3000–4500 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 85787 (CAL) |
|
Cassiope selaginoides Hook.f. & Thomson |
H |
3000–4200 |
S. S. Dash 24149 (BSHC); S. Lahiri 95715 (CAL) |
|
|
Enkianthus deflexus (Griff.) C.K. Schneid. |
S |
2000–3600 |
S. S. Dash 24142 (BSHC) |
|
|
Gaultheria griffithiana Wight |
H |
2100–4000 |
P. Singh & S.K. Rai 22692 (BSHC) |
|
|
Gaultheria nummularioides D.Don |
H |
1800–3500 |
S.S. Dash 24045(BSHC); S. Lahiri 86729 (CAL) |
|
|
Gaultheria semi–infera (C.B. Clarke) Airy Shaw |
S |
2100–3000 |
S.S. Dash 27208 (BSHC); S. Lahiri 85745 (CAL) |
|
|
Ericaceae |
Gaultheria trichophylla Royle |
H |
3000–3900 |
S.S. Dash 27039, 22768, 27235, 24045 (BSHC); S.
Lahiri 73247 (CAL) |
|
Lyonia ovalifolia (Wall.) Drude |
T |
1500–3400 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 64901, 85745 (CAL) |
|
|
Lyonia villosa (Wall. ex C.B.Clarke) Hand. –Mazz. |
T |
3000–3900 |
S.S. Dash 22746 (BSHC); S. Lahiri 64920 (CAL) |
|
|
Rhododendron anthopogon D.Don |
S |
2400–4900 |
S.S. Dash 27291 (BSHC); S. Lahiri 95751 (CAL) |
|
|
Rhododendron arboreum Sm. |
T |
1500–3800 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 73242 (CAL) |
|
|
Rhododendron baileyi Balf.f. |
S |
3000–4000 |
S. S. Dash 24151 (BSHC) |
|
|
Rhododendron camelliiflorum Hook.f. |
S |
2500–3700 |
S.S. Dash 24146 (BSHC) |
|
|
Rhododendron campanulatum D.Don |
T |
2800–4000 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 73244 (CAL) |
|
|
Rhododendron campanulatum subsp. aeruginosum (Hook. f.)
D.F.Chamb. |
T |
3500–4600 |
S. S. Dash 24145 (BSHC); S. Lahiri 73249 (CAL) |
|
|
Rhododendron campylocarpum Hook.f. |
T |
3000–4600 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 95752 CAL) |
|
|
Rhododendron cinnabarinum Hook.f. |
T |
2400–4000 |
S.S. Dash 24147 (BSHC) |
|
|
Rhododendron fulgens Hook.f. |
S |
3700–4500 |
S.S. Dash 22723 (BSHC); S. Lahiri 73251(CAL) |
|
|
Rhododendron glaucophyllum Rehder |
S |
2700– 3700 |
S.S. Dash 24070, 24146 (BSHC); S. Lahiri 73240
(CAL). |
|
|
Rhododendron grande Wight |
T |
2500–3200 |
S.S. Dash 27219 (BSHC) |
|
|
Rhododendron griffithianum Wight |
T |
2000–3000 |
P.K. Hajra 2215 (BSHC) |
|
|
Rhododendron hodgsonii Hook.f. |
T |
3000–3600 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 73255 (CAL) |
|
|
Rhododendron lanatum Hook.f. |
T |
3000–4000 |
S.S. Dash 24143 (BSHC) |
|
|
Rhododendron lepidotum Wall. ex G.Don |
S |
3000–4500 |
S.S. Dash 24063, 22723 (BSHC); S. Lahiri 73252 (CAL) |
|
|
Rhododendron niveum Hook.f. |
S |
2900–3700 |
P. Singh & B.P. Uniyal 16228 (BSHC) |
|
|
Rhododendron setosum D.Don |
S |
3000–4500 |
P.K. Hajra 308 (BSHC); S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash
86711 CAL) |
|
|
Rhododendron thomsonii Hook.f. |
T |
3000– 4200 |
S.S. Dash 22785 (BSHC); S. Lahiri 73243 (CAL) |
|
|
Vaccinium nummularia Hook.f. & Thomson ex
C.B.Clarke |
E |
2440–3200 |
P.K. Hajra 341, B. Krishna 6366 (BSHC) |
|
|
Rubiaceae |
Galium acutum Edgew. |
H |
2000–4100 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 74434 (CAL) |
|
Galium asperifolium Wall. |
H |
400–3500 |
S.S. Dash & S. Lahiri 95758 (CAL) |
|
|
Galium rebae R.R.Mill |
H |
2000–4000 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 86636 (CAL) |
|
|
Gentianaceae |
Crawfurdia puberula C.B.Clarke |
H |
2700–3200 |
S.S. Dash 24003 (BSHC) |
|
Gentiana bryoides Burkill |
H |
3000–4500 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 73253 (CAL) |
|
|
Gentiana capitata Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don |
H |
2000–3500 |
S.S. Dash 24030 (a) (BSHC) |
|
|
Gentiana crassuloides Bureau & Franch. |
H |
3600–4600 |
S.S. Dash 22771 (BSHC) |
|
|
Gentiana elwesii C.B.Clarke |
H |
3600–4500 |
S.S. Dash 27281 (BSHC); S. Lahiri 86716 (CAL) |
|
|
Gentiana leucomelaena Maxim. |
H |
3000–5000 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 85754 (CAL) |
|
|
Gentiana prolata Balf.f. |
H |
3000–4500 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 74402 (CAL) |
|
|
Gentiana recurvata C.B.Clarke |
H |
3000–4300 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 86676 (CAL) |
|
|
Gentiana recurvata subsp. prainii (Burkill) Halda |
H |
3000–4300 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 85718 (CAL) |
|
|
Gentiana sikkimensis C.B.Clarke |
H |
2700–5200 |
S.S. Dash 24067, 27949 (BSHC); S. Lahiri 86772 (CAL) |
|
|
Gentiana stylophora C.B.Clarke |
H |
3000–4500 |
S.S. Dash 27005, 6636 (BSHC); S. Lahiri 85760 (CAL) |
|
|
Gentiana tubiflora (G. Don) Griseb. |
H |
4000–5300 |
S.S. Dash 24029 (BSHC); S. Lahiri 86670, 86755,
86622 (CAL) |
|
|
Halenia elliptica D.Don |
H |
2000–4200 |
S.S. Dash 27271, 24030 (BSHC); S. Lahiri 86740,
86644 (CAL) |
|
|
Lomatogonium brachyantherum (C.B. Clarke) Fernald |
H |
3800–4300 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 86762 (CAL) |
|
|
Gentianaceae |
Omphalogramma elwesianum (King ex Watt) Franch. |
H |
3300–4200 |
P.K. Hajra 344(BSHC). |
|
Swertia bimaculata (Siebold & Zucc.) Hook.f. & Thomson ex
C.B.Clarke |
H |
2000–3500 |
S.S. Dash 24047 (BSHC); S. Lahiri 74453 (CAL) |
|
|
Swertia hookeri C.B.Clarke |
H |
3700–4500 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 85756, 95736 (CAL) |
|
|
Swertia multicaulis D.Don |
H |
3600–4700 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 74451 (CAL). |
|
|
Swertia teres (G.Don) J.Shah |
H |
3000–4500 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 74414, 86744 (CAL) |
|
|
Veratrilla burkilliana (W.W.Sm.) Harry Sm. |
H |
3200–4600 |
S. Lahiri & S. S. Dash 95702 (CAL). |
|
|
Boraginaceae |
Cynoglossum wallichii G.Don |
H |
1300–3600 |
S.S. Dash 27274 (BSHC); S. Lahiri 85715 (CAL) |
|
Cynoglossum wallichii var. glochidiatum (Wall. ex Benth.) Kazmi |
H |
1300–3600 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 85737 (CAL) |
|
|
Hackelia uncinata (Benth.) C.E.C.Fisch. |
H |
3300–4200 |
S.S. Dash 22758 (BSHC); S. Lahiri 86675 (CAL) |
|
|
Maharanga emodi (Wall.) A.DC. |
H |
2500–3300 |
S.S. Dash 22751, 24019 (BSHC); S. Lahiri 85732 (CAL) |
|
|
Carlemanniaceae |
Carlemannia griffithii Benth. |
H |
1000-2900 |
S.S. Dash 13892 (BSHC) |
|
Calceolariaceae |
Calceolaria tripartita Ruiz & Pav. |
H |
1900–5000 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 64936 (CAL) |
|
Plantaginaceae |
Lagotis kunawurensis Rupr. |
H |
2700–5600 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 85761 (CAL) |
|
Neopicrorhiza scrophulariiflora (Pennell) D.Y.Hong |
H |
3600–4400 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 86700 (BSHC) |
|
|
Plantago depressa Willd. |
H |
2600–3900 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 86725 (BSHC) |
|
|
Veronica cana Wall. ex Benth. |
H |
2743–4115 |
S.S. Dash
22736, 27043, 24089 (BSHC); S. Lahiri 86669 (CAL) |
|
|
Veronica szechuanica subsp. sikkimensis (Hook.f.) D.Y.Hong |
H |
2900–4200 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 86673 (CAL) |
|
|
Hemiphragma heterophyllum Wall. |
H |
2600–4100 |
S.S. Dash 24026 (BSHC); S. Lahiri 73249 (CAL). |
|
|
Scrophulariaceae |
Scrophularia elatior Wall. ex Benth. |
H |
2000–3200 |
S.S. Dash 22998 (BSHC) |
|
Euphrasia bhutanica Pugsley |
H |
3000–4200 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 64904, 85771 (CAL) |
|
|
Acanthaceae |
Strobilanthes wallichii Nees |
H |
2500–3700 |
S. Lahiri & S. S. Dash 85740, 86635 (CAL) |
|
Lentibulariaceae. |
Utricularia brachiata Oliver |
H |
2500–4200 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 86698 (CAL) |
|
Utricularia christopheri P.Taylor |
H |
2100–3900 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 86768 (CAL) |
|
|
Utricularia multicaulis Oliv. |
H |
3050–4115 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 85734 (CAL) |
|
|
Lamiaceae |
Ajuga integrifolia Buch.-Ham. |
H |
1200–2900 |
S.S. Dash 22785 (BSHC) |
|
Elsholtzia blanda (Benth.) Benth. |
H |
1000–3000 |
S.S. Dash 27233, 27288 (BSHC) |
|
|
Elsholtzia densa Benth. |
H |
2500–3600 |
S.S. Dash 24116 (BSHC) |
|
|
Elsholtzia strobilifera (Benth.) Benth. |
H |
2300–4000 |
S.S. Dash 24969 (BSHC); S. Lahiri 86759, 86756 (CAL) |
|
|
Paraphlomis brevifolia C.Y.Wu & H.W.Li |
H |
2000–3200 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 85706 (CAL) |
|
|
Phlomoides tibetica (C.Marquand & A.Shaw) Kamelin & Makhm. |
H |
2500–4700 |
S.S. Dash 22767(BSHC) |
|
|
Plectranthus mollis (Aiton) Spreng. |
H |
1000–2900 |
P.K. Hajra 518 (BSHC) |
|
|
Prunella vulgaris L. |
H |
2600–4200 |
S. Lahiri 86697 (CAL) |
|
|
Salvia campanulata Wall. ex Benth. |
H |
2200–4000 |
S.S. Dash 24102,24048 (BSHC); S. Lahiri 86674 (CAL). |
|
|
Salvia nubicola Wall. ex Sweet |
H |
2600–3700 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 95727 (CAL) |
|
|
Salvia roborowskii Maxim. |
H |
2500–3700 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 85767 (CAL) |
|
|
Orobanchaceae |
Pedicularis denudata Hook.f. |
H |
3500–4500 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 86717 (CAL) |
|
Pedicularis elwesii Hook.f. |
H |
3200–4600 |
S.S. Dash 27037 (BSHC) |
|
|
Pedicularis flexuosa Hook.f. |
H |
2800–4000 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 86712 (CAL) |
|
|
Pedicularis furfuracea Wall. ex Benth. |
H |
3500–4000 |
S.S. Dash 22783 (BSHC); S. Lahiri 85731 (CAL) |
|
|
Pedicularis gracilis subsp. macrocarpa (Prain) Tsoong |
H |
2900–3600 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 85724 (CAL). |
|
|
Orobanchaceae |
Pedicularis longiflora var. tubiformis (Klotzsch) Tsoong |
H |
3000–5000 |
S.S. Dash 24017 (BSHC); S. Lahiri 86656 (CAL). |
|
Pedicularis megalantha D. Don |
H |
2800–5000 |
S.S. Dash 27210 (BSHC); S. Lahiri 86752 (CAL) |
|
|
Pedicularis microcalyx Hook.f. |
H |
3200–4500 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 85786 (CAL) |
|
|
Pedicularis mollis Wall. ex Benth. |
H |
2700–4200 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 85798 (CAL) |
|
|
Pedicularis porrecta Wall. |
H |
3300–5000 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 86630 (CAL) |
|
|
Pedicularis rhinanthoides Schrenk |
H |
2500–5500 |
S.S. Dash 22774 (BSHC) |
|
|
Pedicularis roylei Maxim. |
H |
3400–5500 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 85789 (CAL) |
|
|
Pedicularis siphonantha D.Don |
H |
3200–4500 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 86629 (CAL) |
|
|
Pedicularis tenuicaulis Prain |
H |
3500–4000 |
S.S. Dash 27249 (BSHC) |
|
|
Pedicularis wallichii Bunge |
H |
3600–5000 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 95734 (CAL) |
|
|
Campanulaceae |
Campanula pallida Wall. |
H |
1200–3500 |
S.S. Dash 24200 (BSHC) |
|
Codonopsis benthamii Hook.f. & Thomson |
H |
2100–4300 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 86684 (CAL) |
|
|
Codonopsis foetens Hook.f. & Thomson |
H |
3600–4500 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 85747 (CAL) |
|
|
Codonopsis subsimplex Hook.f. & Thomson |
H |
3000–4200 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 86751, 85743, 86637 (CAL) |
|
|
Codonopsis thalictrifolia Wall. |
H |
3400–5000 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 95750 (CAL) |
|
|
Cyananthus incanus Hook.f. & Thomson |
H |
3500–4600 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 86736 (CAL) |
|
|
Cyananthus inflatus Hook.f. & Thomson |
H |
2700–4800 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 86774 (CAL) |
|
|
Cyananthus lobatus Wall. ex Benth. |
H |
3300–4200 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 86777, 85755, 85799 (CAL) |
|
|
Cyananthus pedunculatus C.B.Clarke |
H |
3000–4500 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 86785 (CAL) |
|
|
Lobelia erectiuscula H.Hara |
H |
2200–4200 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 85709 (CAL) |
|
|
Asteraceae (= Compositae) |
Ainsliaea aptera DC. |
H |
3000–3600 |
S.S. Dash 24101 (BSHC) |
|
Anaphalis contorta (D. Don) Hook.f. |
H |
2000–5000 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 64921(CAL) |
|
|
Anaphalis margaritacea (L.) Benth. & Hook.f. |
H |
2000–4000 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 95743 (CAL) |
|
|
Anaphalis nepalensis (Spreng.) Hand. –Mazz. Var. nepalensis |
H |
2800–5200 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 86789 (CAL) |
|
|
Anaphalis nepalensis var. monocephala (DC.) Hand.-Mazz. |
H |
2800–5200 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 86770 (CAL) |
|
|
Anaphalis triplinervis (Sims) Sims ex C.B. Clarke |
H |
1500–4200 |
S.S. Dash 24020 (BSHC); S. Lahiri 86650, 86741,
86778 (CAL) |
|
|
Anaphalis triplinervis var. monocephala (DC.) Airy Shaw |
H |
1500–4200 |
S.S. Dash 22724,27273 (BSHC); S. Lahiri 85733, 86650
(CAL) |
|
|
Artemisia nilagirica (C.B.Clarke) Pamp. |
H |
1500–3300 |
S.S. Dash 24039 (BSHC) |
|
|
Aster flaccidus Bunge |
H |
3800–5000 |
S.S. Dash 20457 (BSHC); S. Lahiri (CAL) |
|
|
Aster himalaicus C.B.Clarke |
H |
2500–5000 |
S.S. Dash 27034, 24024 (BSHC); S. Lahiri 85748 (CAL) |
|
|
Aster tricephalus C.B.Clarke |
H |
3000–4000 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 86753 (CAL) |
|
|
Cacalia mortonii (C.B.Clarke) Kitam. ex H. Koyama |
H |
2500–3800 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 85759 (CAL) |
|
|
Carpesium cernuum L. |
H |
2900–3500 |
S.S. Dash & S.S. Lahiri 95757 (CAL). |
|
|
Chaetoseris cyanea (D.Don) C.Shih |
H |
2600–4000 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 85704 (CAL) |
|
|
Chaetoseris macrantha (C.B.Clarke) C.Shih |
H |
3000–5000 |
S.S. Dash 27267 (BSHC) |
|
|
Cirsium falconeri (Hook.f.) Petr. |
H |
3000–4200 |
S.S. Dash 20998, 24014 (BSHC); S. Lahiri 86767 (CAL) |
|
|
Cremanthodium oblongatum C.B.Clarke |
H |
3600–5300 |
S.S. Dash 27277 (BSHC); S. Lahiri 85783 (CAL) |
|
|
Cremanthodium reniforme (DC.) Benth. |
H |
3300–4500 |
S.S. Dash 27279 (BSHC); S. Lahiri 85765 (CAL) |
|
|
Dubyaea hispida (D.Don) DC. |
H |
3000–4500 |
S.S. Dash 24120 (BSHC); S. Lahiri 86648, 86734 (CAL) |
|
|
Himalaiella deltoidea (DC.) Raab–Straube |
H |
1000–3400 |
D.C.S. Raju, 5050 (BSHC) |
|
|
Jurinea cooperi J.Anthony |
H |
3500–4300 |
S.S. Dash 24112 (BSHC) |
|
|
Asteraceae (= Compositae) |
Jurinea dolomiaea Boiss. |
H |
3500–4300 |
S.S. Dash 27285 (BSHC) |
|
Lactuca brunoniana (DC.) Wall. ex C.B.Clarke |
H |
3300–3800 |
S.S. Dash 24078 (BSHC) |
|
|
Lactuca lessertiana (Wall. ex DC.) Wall. ex C.B.Clarke |
H |
3400–4100 |
S.S. Dash 24125 (BSHC); S. Lahiri 86787 (CAL) |
|
|
Laphangium luteoalbum (L.) Tzvelev |
H |
2000–3800 |
S.S. Dash 27241(BSHC); S. Lahiri 74535 (CAL) |
|
|
Leontopodium nivale subsp. alpinum (Cass.) Greuter |
H |
3500–4500 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 85777 (CAL) |
|
|
Ligularia amplexicaulis DC. |
H |
3200–4400 |
S.S. Dash 24037 (BSHC); S. Lahiri 86671 (CAL) |
|
|
Ligularia fischeri (Ledeb.) Turcz. |
H |
2800–3600 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 85762 (CAL) |
|
|
Ligularia kingiana (W.W.Smith) R.Mathur |
H |
3500–4000 |
S.S. Dash 22062, 27030 (BSHC) |
|
|
Ligularia virgaurea (Maxim.) Mattf. ex Rehder & Kobuski |
H |
2400–4700 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 85768 (CAL) |
|
|
Myriactis nepalensis Less. |
H |
700–3700 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 64919 (CAL) |
|
|
Saussurea gossypiphora D.Don |
H |
3500–4500 |
S.S. Dash 27217 (BSHC) |
|
|
Saussurea nepalensis Spreng. |
H |
3200–5000 |
S.S. Dash 24110, 27262 (BSHC) S. Lahiri 86773,
86798, 85792 (CAL) |
|
|
Saussurea obvallata (DC.) Edgew. |
H |
3500–4500 |
S.S. Dash 27265(BSHC); S. Lahiri 85782(CAL) |
|
|
Saussurea roylei (DC.) Sch.-Bip |
H |
3500–4500 |
S.S. Dash 27261 (BSHC) |
|
|
Saussurea piptathera Edgew. |
H |
3200–4200 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 95745 (CAL) |
|
|
Saussurea sughoo C.B. Clarke |
H |
3500–4800 |
B. Krishna & S. Singh 3100 (BSHC) |
|
|
Saussurea uniflora (DC.) Wall. ex Sch.Bip. |
H |
3000–4700 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 86771 (CAL) |
|
|
Senecio graciliflorus (Wall.) DC. |
H |
3500-4600 |
S.S. Dash 24111, 27031(a) (BSHC); S. Lahiri 85776
(CAL) |
|
|
Senecio raphanifolius Wallich ex DC. |
H |
2800–4400 |
S.S. Dash
22714,24016,27042 (BSHC); S. Lahiri 86699, 85703 (CAL) |
|
|
Synotis alata C.Jeffrey & Y.L.Chen |
H |
2000–4000 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 86681, 64932 (CAL) |
|
|
Tanacetum atkinsonii (C.B.Clarke) Kitam |
H |
2000–4200 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 85794 (CAL) |
|
|
Taraxacum eriopodum (D.Don) DC. |
H |
2000–4500 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 86647, 86750, 64918 (CAL) |
|
|
Tibetoseris depressa (Hook.f. & Thomson) Sennikov |
H |
3600–5000 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 86779 (CAL) |
|
|
Caprifoliaceae |
Dipsacus atratus Hook.f. & Thomson ex C.B.Clarke |
H |
3000–4000 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 86757 (BSHC) |
|
Lonicera lanceolata Wall. |
S |
2440–3880 |
S.S. Dash 20986,24134 (BSHC) |
|
|
Morina nepalensis D.Don |
H |
3000–4800 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 86618 (CAL) |
|
|
Nardostachys jatamansi (D.Don) DC. |
H |
2800–5000 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 85880, 85750 (CAL) |
|
|
Triplostegia glandulifera Wall. ex DC. |
H |
2000–4000 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 86763 (CAL) |
|
|
Valeriana hardwickii Wall. |
H |
1200–3800 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 64926, 85790 (CAL) |
|
|
Viburnum erubescens Wall. |
S |
2500–3500 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 86800 (CAL) |
|
|
Araliaceae |
Aralia apioides Hand.-Mazz. |
H |
2700–3600 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 86679 (CAL) |
|
Aralia tibetana G.Hoo |
H |
3200–3500 |
S.S. Dash
20990,24052,24192 (BSHC) |
|
|
Panax bipinnatifidus Seem. |
H |
2500–3500 |
S.S. Dash
22727 (BSHC) |
|
|
Panax pseudoginseng Wall. |
H |
1500–3600 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 86644, 86764, 64925 (CAL) |
|
|
Apiaceae |
Angelica cyclocarpa (C.Norman) M.Hiroe |
S |
2800–4000 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 86613 (CAL) |
|
Bupleurum candollei Wall. ex DC. |
H |
2000–3500 |
S.S. Dash 27010 (BSHC) |
|
|
Bupleurum dalhousianum (C.B.Clarke) Koso-Pol. |
H |
2000–4800 |
S.S. Dash 22780 (BSHC); S. Lahiri 95728 (CAL) |
|
|
Cortiella hookeri (C.B.Clarke) C.Norman |
H |
4000–5000 |
S.S. Dash 27274 (BSHC) |
|
|
Heracleum wallichii DC. |
H |
3000–3700 |
S.S. Dash 27245 (BSHC) |
|
|
Oenanthe thomsonii C.B.Clarke |
H |
1500–3200 |
S.S. Dash 24051 (BSHC); S. Lahiri 95744 (CAL) |
|
|
Pleurospermum apiolens C.B.Clarke |
H |
3200–5000 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 86621 (CAL) |
|
|
Apiaceae |
Pleurospermum hookeri C.B.Clarke |
H |
3500–4200 |
S.S. Dash & S.S. Lahiri 95756 (CAL) |
|
Pleurospermopsis sikkimensis (C.B.Clarke) C.Norman |
H |
3700–4500 |
S.S. Dash 27001 (BSHC); S. Lahiri 86782 (CAL) |
|
|
Sanicula elata Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don |
H |
1000–3200 |
S.S. Dash 24100 (BSHC) |
|
|
Selinum wallichianum (DC.) Raizada & H.O.Saxena |
H |
3400–4000 |
S.S. Dash 27269 (BSHC); S. Lahiri, 85729 (CAL) |
|
|
Vicatia coniifolia Wall. ex DC. |
H |
3500–4200 |
S.S. Dash 27011 (BSHC); S. Lahiri 86672 (CAL) |
|
|
Gymnosperm |
||||
|
Cupressaceae |
Juniperus recurva Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don |
T |
1800–3900 |
S.S. Dash 24004, 22769 (BSHC); S. Lahiri 86693 (CAL) |
|
Juniperus squamata f. wilsonii Rehder |
S |
1600–4500 |
S. Lahiri & S.S. Dash 74471 (CAL) |
|
|
Pinaceae |
Abies densa Griff. |
T |
2800–3700 |
S.S. Dash 24034,16210 (A) (BSHC); S. Lahiri 86615
(CAL) |
|
Larix griffithii Hook.f. |
T |
3000–4100 |
S.S. Dash 24148 (BSHC) |
|
|
Picea spinulosa (Griff.) A.Henry |
T |
2900–3600 |
S.S. Dash 24152 (BSHC) |
|
*—Growth form | C—Climber | E—Epiphyte | H—Herb |
S—Shrub | T—Tree.
For figure
& images - - click here
References
Aitken, E.
(1999). Family
Gentianaceae, pp. 602–656. In: Long,
D.G. (eds.). Flora of Bhutan Including a Record of Plants from Sikkim and
Darjeeling Volume 2 (Part 2). Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, UK &
Royal Government of Bhutan, Bhutan, 604 pp.
Aitken, E.,
A.J.C. Grierson & D.G. Long (1999). Family Primulaceae, pp. 515–568. In: Long, D.G. (eds.). Flora of Bhutan
Including a Record of Plants from Sikkim and Darjeeling Volume 2 (Part 2).
Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, UK & Royal Government of Bhutan, Bhutan,
604 pp.
Champion,
H.G. & S.K. Seth (1968). A Revised Survey of the Forest Types of India. The Manager of
Publications, Delhi.
Chase, M.W.,
M.J.M. Christenhusz, M.F. Fay, J.W. Byng, W.S. Judd, D.E. Soltis, D.J.
Mabberley, A.N. Sennikov, P.S. Soltis & P.F. Stevens (2016). An update
of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of
flowering plants: APG IV. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
181(1): 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1111/boj.12385
Dash, S.S. (2009). Traditional
herbal remedies used in Sikkim, India. Nelumbo 51: 123–156. https://doi.org/10.20324/nelumbo/v51/2009/58088
Dash, S.S.
& P. Singh (2011).
Trees of Sikkim, pp. 95–138. In: Biodiversity of Sikkim–Exploring and
Conserving a global Hotspot. Government of Sikkim, Gangtok.
Dash, S.S.,
S. Lahiri, A. Ghosh & B.K. Sinha (2020). Notes on two lesser known
Codonopsis (Campanulaceae) from eastern Himalaya, India. Rheedea 30(2):
286–292. https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2020.30.02.05
Gogoi, R., S.
Borah, S.S. Dash, & P. Singh (2018). Balsams of Eastern Himalaya -
A Regional Revision. Botanical Survey of India, Kolkata, 256 pp.
Grierson,
A.J.C. & D.G. Long (1983). Family Polygonaceae, pp. 153–175. In: Flora of Bhutan
Including a Record of Plants from Sikkim Volume 1 (Part 1). Royal Botanic
Garden, Edinburgh, 186 pp.
Grierson, A.J.C.
& D.G. Long (1987).
Family Rosaceae, pp. 529–606. In: Flora of Bhutan Including a Record of
Plants from Sikkim volume 1 (Part 3). Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, 366
pp.
Grierson,
A.J.C. & L.S. Springate (2001). Family Compositae (Asteraceae),
pp. 1397–1632. In: Springate, L.S. (eds.). Flora of Bhutan Including a
Record of Plants from Sikkim and Darjeeling Volume 2 (Part 3). Royal
Botanic Garden Edinburgh, UK & Royal Government of Bhutan, Bhutan, 639 pp.
Grierson,
A.J.C. (1984). Family
Ranunculaceae, pp. 283–320. In: Grierson, A.J.C. & D.G. Long (eds.). Flora
of Bhutan Including a Record of Plants from Sikkim. Royal Botanic Garden,
Edinburgh, 272 pp.
Grierson,
A.J.C. (1987). Family
Crassulaceae, pp. 471–484. In: Grierson, A.J.C. & D.G. Long (eds.). Flora
of Bhutan Including a Record of Plants from Sikkim volume 1 (Part 3). Royal
Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, 366 pp.
Grierson,
A.J.C. (1987). Family
Saxifragaceae, pp. 485–514. In: Grierson, A.J.C. & D.G. Long (eds.). Flora
of Bhutan Including a Record of Plants from Sikkim volume 1 (Part 3). Royal
Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, 366 pp.
Hajra, P.K.
& D.M. Verma (Eds.)
(1996). Flora of Sikkim (Vol. 1). Botanical Survey of
India, Calcutta, 307 pp.
Hooker, J.D.
(1872–1897). The Flora of
British India - Vol. 1–7. L. Reeve & Co. Ltd. The Oast House. Brook, Nr. Ashford,Kent.
Lahiri, S.
& S.S. Dash (2020). Lectotypification of Three Names in the Genus Gentiana
(Gentianaceae) of Sikkim, India. Journal of Japanese Botany 95(2):
106–110.
Lahiri, S.,
S.S. Dash, A. Ghosh & B.K. Sinha (2019). A contribution to the flora of
Kanchenjunga Biosphere Reserve, Sikkim, India. Nelumbo 61(1): 17–26.
Long D.G. (1984). Family
Papaveraceae, pp. 400–410. In: Grierson, A.J.C. & D.G. Long (eds.). Flora
of Bhutan Including a Record of Plants from Sikkim Volume 1 (Part 2). Royal
Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, 272 pp.
Lucksom, S.Z. (2007). The Orchids of
Sikkim and North East Himalaya. Siliguri, 984 pp.
Maity, D.,
G.G. Maiti & A.S. Chauhan (2018). Vascular plants of
Kanchenjunga Biosphere Reserve, Sikkim. Botanical Survey of India. Kolkata,
India, 953 pp.
Mao, A.A.,
S.S. Dash & P. Singh (2017). Rhododendrons of northeast India: A Pictorial
Handbook. Botanical Survey of India, CGO complex, Kolkata, India, 167 pp.
POWO (2019). “Plants of the World Online.
Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet;
http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org. Accessed on 22 March 2020.
Singh, P.
& S.S. Dash (2015). Plant
Discoveries 2014 – New Genera, Species and New Records. Botanical Survey of
India, CGO complex, Kolkata, India, 142 pp.
Srivastava,
R. C. (1998). Flora
of Sikkim: Ranunculaceae-moringaceae. Oriental Enterprises.
WFO (2020). World Flora Online. http://www.worldfloraonline.org.
Accessed on 20 March 2020