Journal of Threatened Taxa |
www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 August 2021 | 13(9): 19274–19292
ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893
(Print)
https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.6843.13.9.19274-19292
#6843 | Received 30 October 2020 | Final
received 12 July 2021 | Finally accepted 04 August 2021
On the high bird diversity in the
non-protected regions of Trashiyangtse District in Bhutan
Lam Norbu 1, Phuntsho
Thinley 2, Tandin Wangchuck 3, Ugyen Dechen 4,
Lekey Dorji 5, Tshering Choephel 6 & Pasang Dorji 7
1,3,4,5,7 Tashigang Forest Division,
Department of Forest and Park Services, Trashigang 42001, Bhutan.
2 Ugyen Wangchuck Institute for
Conservation and Environmental Research, Department of Forest and Park
Services, Lamai Goenpa, Bumthang 32001, Bhutan.
2 Ecosystem Management, University
of New England, Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia.
6 Bumdeling Wildlife Sanctuary,
Department of Forest and Park Services, Trashiyangtse 46001, Bhutan.
1 lam.norbu@ymail.com
(corresponding author), 2 chetsho78@gmail.com, 3 twangchoks@gmail.com,
4 udechen@moaf.gov.bt, 5 lekid1308@gmail.com, 6 tsherichobhel@gmail.com, 7 pasangdorjiks@gmail.com
Abstract: Birds are ecological indicators
of ecosystem health. Baseline information on bird diversity are, therefore,
important for ecological monitoring. Such information is, however, sorely
lacking for many areas outside the protected areas. Here, we explore the avian
diversity and present a comprehensive checklist for the non-protected regions
of Trashiyangtse District in northeastern Bhutan. We also categorise the bird species by their residency
pattern, feeding guilds, abundance, and IUCN Red List status. We conducted an avifauna
exploration for a period of four years from 2017 to 2020, mostly through
opportunistic encounters coinciding with regular field visits. We recorded a
total of 273 bird species belonging to 173 genera, 69 families and 19 orders.
Passeriformes was the most dominant order with 41 families and 174
species and Muscicapidae was the most dominant family with 12 genera and 32
species. Most birds were altitudinal migrants (39%), insectivorous (45%), and
occasional (44%) in terms of residency pattern, feeding guild, and abundance,
respectively. Only one species (Ardea insignis) was listed as Critically
Endangered and one (Haliaeetus leucoryphus) as Endangered. Our
study identified the non-protected regions of Trashiyangtse District as an
important bird diversity area in Bhutan.
Keywords: Avifauna, bird diversity,
nonprotected area, northeastern Bhutan, threatened birds.
Editor: Carol Inskipp, Bishop Auckland
Co., Durham, UK. Date of publication: 26
August 2021 (online & print)
Citation: Norbu, L., P. Thinley, T.
Wangchuck, U. Dechen, L. Dorji, T. Choephel & P. Dorji (2021). On the high bird diversity in the
non-protected regions of Trashiyangtse District in Bhutan. Journal of Threatened Taxa 13(9): 19274–19292. https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.6843.13.9.19274-19292
Copyright: © Norbu et al. 2021. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
International License. JoTT allows
unrestricted use, reproduction, and distribution of this article in any medium
by providing adequate credit to the author(s) and the source of publication.
Funding: None.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing
interests.
Author details: Lam Norbu works as the Range Officer of
Yangtse Range under Tashigang Territorial Forest Division of the Department of
Forests and Park Services within the Royal Government of Bhutan. He takes
ardent interest in studying lesser-known taxa to improve understanding of their
ecology and distribution. Phuntsho
Thinley is a wildlife biologist currently working as a postdoctoral
research fellow at the University of New England in Australia. He focusses on
understanding the distribution, ecology, and human dimensions of threatened
wildlife. Tandin Wangchuck is a
Forest Ranger at Doksum Range under Tashigang Territorial Forest Division. He specialises in plant taxonomy and wildlife
photography. Ugyen Dechen oversees
the Nature Conservation Section at the head office of Trashigang Territorial
Forest Division. He deals with biodiversity conservation. Lekey Dorji is a Senior Forester at
Khamdang Forest Beat under Yangtse Range. He is passionate about exploring
butterflies, birds, and orchids. Tshering
Choephel is a Senior Forester at Dungzam Range under Bumdeling Wildlife
Sanctuary. He is an avid birder and a wildlife photographer. Pasang Dorji is a Forest Ranger at
Yangtse Range. Recently, he developed interests in knowing about butterflies,
moths, herpetofauna, and orchids.
Author contributions: LN and PT: Conceptualisation, study design, data
collection, analysis, drafting and revision of the manuscript. TW and TC: data
collection and species identification.
UD, LD and PD: data collection.
Acknowledgements: We would like to thank Mr. Karma
Leki, chief forestry officer of Trashigang Forest Division under the Department
of Forest and Park Services for his support and motivation. We are also indebted to the staff of Yangtse
and Doksum Range, and Dongdichu Forest Management Unit for their help and
information sharing. Mr. Tandin Wangdi, teacher of Trashiyangtse Lower
Secondary School is also well acknowledged for allowing us to use his pictures
of the Common Kingfisher, Yellow-rumped Honeyguide, Egret, Red Crossbill,
Rufescent Prinia, Oriental Turtle Dove, Speckled-wood Pigeon, and Common
Stonechat. We are also extremely grateful to all the anonymous reviewers for
their invaluable comments and suggestions in improving this manuscript.
INTRODUCTION
Birds are the best known group of
animal taxa at the global level, with the most extended time series data
available (James et al. 2017). Their distribution is ubiquitous across all
continents (Nyffeler et al. 2018), enabled by their preference to live in
heterogeneous environments. Assessment of avifaunal communities is essential
because they can serve as effective indicators of ecosystem status and health,
in both qualitative and quantitative terms. This is because birds perform
diverse ecological roles, ranging from disease regulation and, biomass
recycling to environmental sanitation, seed dispersal, and pollination (James
et al. 2017; Mukhopadhyay & Mazumdar 2017; Kiros et al. 2018). Birds are
also sources of food and, spiritual inspiration, in addition to being important
components of tourism industries (Kiros et al. 2018). Therefore, baseline
information on birds of a particular locality, such as a species checklist, is
vital for ecological monitoring, environmental assessments, conservation
planning (Kandel et al. 2018; Sharma et al. 2018), and exploring eco-tourism
potentials.
The first exploration of avifauna
in Bhutan was conducted in 1837 by a British team (Gyeltshen et al. 2020).
Later, several avifaunal expeditions and studies have been done in the country
by Bhutanese nationals and foreign researchers, resulting in numerous online
literature in the form of published articles, notes, and guidebooks. The number
of publications on birds is expected to surge in the next few years with the
current improvements in the institutional and personnel capacity and the
concurrent emergence of citizen science that helps in building databases and
species inventories.
Despite its small geographical
size ~38,394km2
(Thinley et al. 2021), Bhutan is a hotspot for bird diversity in the Himalaya
with 23 important bird areas (IBA) (Banerjee & Bandopadhyay 2016) and is
also part of the eastern Himalaya endemic bird area (Stattersfield et al. 1998;
Bishop 1999). The latest record of confirmed bird species in the country stands
at 748 species (Dendup et al. 2020; Gyeltshen et al. 2020) of which 31 are
globally threatened and 18 are part of the 37 endemic bird species in eastern
Himalaya (DoFPS 2020). This makes Bhutan a stronghold for bird diversity
(Kandel et al. 2018). Currently, bird databases exist for most of the protected
areas (PAs) in Bhutan. For instance, Avibase, the world bird database (Lepage
2020) has a checklist of 469 bird species for Trashiyangtse District which is
inclusive of the areas falling inside the Bumdeling Wildlife Sanctuary (BWS).
However, PAs occupy half of the country (Thinley et al. 2020; 2021) and
databases are yet to be developed for the remaining half, which consists of the
state reserved forests (SRF) administered by Territorial Forest Divisions. The areas outside the PAs are equally
important for biodiversity conservation due to presence of vast tracts of
relatively undisturbed forests that provide ideal habitats for a wide range of
bird species. Thus, high bird diversity can be expected in some areas situated
outside the PAs.
Here in this study, we explore
the avian diversity and present a comprehensive bird checklist for the non-protected
region of Trashiyangtse District, located in northeastern Bhutan. We also categorise the bird species by their
residency pattern, feeding guilds, abundance, and conservation status.
MATERIALS
AND METHODS
Study area description
The non-protected region of
Trashiyangtse District (Figure 1; between 27.61160N and 91.4980E)
is bordered by the Tibetan Autonomous Region of China in the north and the
Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh in the east. The district experiences a
temperate climate, featured by warm & wet summers and cold & relatively
dry winters, with an average annual temperature of 20.2 °C and precipitation of
1,065 mm (Norbu et al. 2019). Two major rivers, Kholongchu and Drangmechu, flow
through the district and make it an important water catchment. Covering an area
of approximately 1,449 km2, the elevation ranges 800–6,000 m (FRMD
2017), and approximately 59% lies inside the BWS while the remaining 41% (600
km2) is unprotected but managed as SRF land. The land cover in the
non-protected region of Trashiyangtse is dominated by forest cover (70%) which
is composed of major forest types of fir forest, mixed conifer forest (MCF),
pine forest, mixed pine-cool broadleaved forest, chirpine forest, cool
broadleaved forest (CBF), alpine shrubs, alpine meadows, and a few plantations
(Koirala et al. 2021; FRMD 2017). Cool broadleaved forest is the most dominant
forest type (44%) in this region, followed by MCF (15%). Although, several
studies have been conducted on various taxonomic groups inside the protected
region of the district, little is known about the biodiversity in the
non-protected region which has potential for biodiversity conservation and
ecotourism development.
Data collection and organization
We conducted an avifauna
exploration for a period of four years (2017–2020) to maintain baseline data in
the non-protected region of Trashiyangtse District. The data was collected
mostly through opportunistic encounters coinciding with regular field visits to
various locations in different seasons, including incidental rapid biodiversity
surveys, site inspections, anti-poaching patrols, timber allotments,
environmental impact assessments, anti-fishing patrols along the rivers, and
forest inventories (for local forest management planning, heritage forests and
community forests). The survey site covers all forest types and bird habitats,
ranging from river sides, roadsides, and human settlements (rural and urban) to
agriculture fields, plantations, meadows, rocky outcrops, and mountain tops,
all within an elevation range of 800 m (at Jamkhardrang) to 4,050 m (at
Dribla). In this way, terrestrial and water birds from lowland to high altitude
uplands have been covered in the study. The birds were observed using
binoculars (Nikon 10 x 40 mm) and were photographed using a digital camera
(Cannon DC 18–135 mm lens). Bird photographs were compared with those on the
latest guidebooks by Grimmett et al. 2011, 2019; Praveen et al. 2016, 2020) for
species identification and species nomenclature. Additionally, bird calls were
recorded (using an android phone) wherever possible and compared with the
pre-recorded bird songs (e.g., Avibase bird call 2020) to further authenticate
species identity. Online data bases (e.g.,
www.inaturalist.org/projects/birds-of-Bhutan) were also referred for species
identification. For those in doubt, consultations were made with avian experts
via email and social media.
We followed the IUCN Red List of
Threatened Species for global conservation status of the recorded bird species.
They were further categorized according to their residency pattern as
residents, altitudinal migrants, summer visitors, winter visitors, and passage
migrants, following Ali et al. (1996), Feijen & Feijen (2008), and Grimmett
et al. (2019). Moreover, feeding guilds were assigned according to field
observations (Kumar & Sharma 2018; Sharma et al. 2018; Singh et al. 2020),
such that birds feeding on grains were categorized as granivorous, fruits as
frugivorous, nectars as nectivorous, insects as insectivorous, vertebrates
(amphibians, snakes, lizards, small mammals, small birds, and fishes) and
invertebrates (crustaceans and micro invertebrates) as carnivorous, and both
plants and animals as omnivorous. Furthermore, birds were categorized as
common, frequent, occasional and rare based on abundance and frequency of
sightings during field investigation following Ali et al. (1996), Feijen &
Feijen (2008), and Grimmett et al. (2019).
Subsequently, the relative diversity (RDi) of families was calculated using
the formula used by Singh et al. (2020): RDi= (Number of species in a
family/Total number of species) x 100.
RESULTS
AND DISCUSSION
We recorded a total of 273 bird
species belonging to 173 genera, 69 families, and 19 orders in the outside
protected region of Trashiyangtse District (Table 1). The occurrence of diverse
bird species in the non-protected region of Trashiyangtse District is because
of the rich forest cover with diverse mosaic habitats (marshy areas, artificial
ponds, and irrigated crop fields along the bank of Kholongchu and Drangmechu
rivers) supporting high diversity of food resources for birds in different
seasons. However, our species richness was comparatively lower than in the
remaining areas of the district encompassed by BWS where a total of 355 species
have been recorded (BWS 2018). Further studies are needed to understand the
factors driving the difference in bird diversity within and outside the
protected regions.
Among the total of 19 orders
(Figure 2; Table 1), Passeriformes was the most dominant, comprising 63.7% (174
species in 41 families) of the total species count, followed by Piciformes (14
species in three families) which constituted only 5.1% of the total species
count. Buceriformes, Caprimulgiformes, Falconiformes, Podicipediformes, and
Suliformes were the least represented orders each having a single species.
Overall, passerines dominated (64%, n= 174) the avian diversity as compared to
non-passerines (36%, n= 99) which was also the trend observed in the adjoining
BWS (BWS 2018) because of the similar forest types prevalent in both the cases.
Dominance of Passeriformes was also reported elsewhere in Bhutan, particularly
the SRF Land of Trongsa district (Gyeltshen et al. 2020), along the Bindu River
in Samtse district (Pasang 2018), Sakteng Wildlife Sanctuary (Wangyel et al.
2018), and Phrumshingla National Park (Inskipp et al. 2000). A similar pattern
of Passerine dominance was reported from some areas in the eastern Himalayan
region, such as in the Kanchenjunga Conservation Landscape, which is a
transboundary complex shared by Bhutan, India, and Nepal (Kandel et al. 2018).
This makes sense because Passerines are globally the largest and most diverse
order of birds (Koli 2014).
Comparing by families,
Muscicapidae with RDi of 11.7% (32 species in 12 genera) was the most dominant
of the total of 69 families (Figure 3; Table 1) documented in our study area,
followed by Leiothrichidae (6.2%; 17/8), Accipitridae (4.0%; 11/9),
Fringillidae (4.0%; 11/7), Picidae (3.6%; 10/7), Phylloscopidae (3.3%; 9/1),
Anatidae (3.3%; 9/7), and Cuculidae (2.9%; 8/6). Similarly, many other
investigators such as Pasang (2018), Wangyel et al. (2018), Tobgay (2016), and
Inskipp et al. (2000) have also found Muscicapidae to be the dominant family in
their respective study areas. Similar observations were made from the
Kangchengjunga Conservation Landscape (Kandel et al. 2018) and India (Koli
2014). Muscicapidae, indeed, is the
largest family of birds restricted to the Old World (Europe, Africa, and Asia) with
322 species (Daniels 2020). In contrast, Gyeltshen et al. (2020) found
Timaliidae to be the dominant family in the SRF Land of Trongsa District in
central Bhutan. This variation could be attributed to the differences in
habitat conditions occurring in different longitudes and elevation gradients.
Classifying by residency pattern,
our data revealed the majority 39% (n= 106) were altitudinal migrants (Figure
4; Table 1) which was closely followed by residents (36%; n= 98). Constituting
minor proportions were summer visitors (11%; n= 31), and winter visitors and
passage migrants (7%; n= 19 each). Similarly, Gyeltshen et al. (2020) also
reported that 36.7% (n= 121) of bird species recorded in the SRF region of
Trongsa District were residents, followed by 34.5% (n= 114) altitudinal
migrants, 15.2% (n= 50) summer visitors, 8.2% (n= 27) winter visitors, 4.8% (n=
16) passage migrants, and only two vagrants. Overall, in the entire
Trashiyangtse District, a number of winter visitors and passage migratory
species are observed annually across Kholongchu and Drangmechu river
basins. This is because Bhutan lies on
the Oriental Zoogeographic Realm and the Central Asian Flyways (CAF) which
supports approximately 279 migratory water birds for wintering, stopover and
even breeding (CMS 2019). Moreover, the major river basins of the country also
provide shortest transit corridor or migratory routes connecting the
significant bird habitat of Indo-Malayan Zoogeographic realms and Palearctic
realms (DoFPS 2020).
When bird species were grouped by
six major feeding guilds (Figure 5; Table 1), a maximum number of species (45%;
n= 124) was insectivorous, followed by omnivorous (27%; n= 74), carnivorous
(13%; n= 36), granivorous (9%; n= 24), frugivorous (4%; n= 10), and nectivorous
(2%; n= 5). This representation of major trophic guilds indicates that the area
holds a wide spectrum of food resources for birds due to the presence of a wide
range of food niches, which reduces food competition among different species
(Kumar & Sharma 2018). Most bird species are insectivorous, and the
predominance of insectivore as a feeding style among birds is provisioned by
diversity of insects prevalent in the agroecosystem mosaic comprised by
croplands, settlements, grazing pastures, wetlands, and developed areas which
represent a highly predictable food resources and diverse niches to birds
(Nyffeler et al. 2018).
Upon classifying by abundance,
the majority (44%; n= 121) of birds belonged to the occasional, exhibiting
seasonal or altitudinal migration in the district while 30% (n= 82) were
common, whereas 24% (n= 65) and 2% (n= 5) were rare and frequent respectively
(Table 1). Among the rare bird species encountered, the White-bellied Heron Ardea
insignis and Indian Paradise Flycatcher Terpsihone paradisi sighted
were only once in the study area. The former was sighted in 2019 behind the
Dongtidzong and along the Dongdichu stream that feeds in to the Kholongchu
River and later in 2018 near Yangtse town.
Finally, when bird species were
categorized as per their IUCN Red List, only one species (White-bellied Heron)
was listed as ‘Critically Endangered’, one (Palla’s Fish Eagle Haliaeetus
leucoryphus) as ‘Endangered’, one (Black-necked Crane Grus nigricollis)
as ‘Vulnerable’, and five (Himalayan Griffon Vulture Gyps himalayensis,
River Lapwing Vanellus duvaucelii, Satyr Tragopan Tragopan satyra,
Yellow-rumped Honeyguide Indicator xanthonotus, and Ward’s Trogon Harpactes
wardi) as ‘Near Threatened’ (Table 1).
Additionally, Himalayan Griffon Vulture, Black-necked Crane, and Palla’s
Fish Eagle are included in Appendix I and II of CITES (2019). Seven species (Palla’s Fish Eagle, River
Lapwing, White-bellied Heron, Yellow-rumped Honeyguide, Ward’s Trogon,
Black-necked Crane, and Himalayan Monal) are nationally protected and listed
under Schedule I of the Forest and Nature Conservation Act 1995 (RGoB 1995) and
Schedule II of the Forest and Nature Conservation Rules and Regulation of
Bhutan 2017 (RGoB 2017).
Our study represents one of the
few documented cases of complete bird inventory in areas adjoining a protected
area in the eastern Himalayan region. Our data can be used as a baseline for
future monitoring and survey. Aside from providing a comprehensive bird
checklist along with their conservation status, our findings suggest the areas
lying outside the protected areas with heterogeneous and mosaic landscapes of
varying topography, elevation, weather, climate, and vegetation pattern offer
ideal habitats and alternative conservation areas for birds. This bodes well
with the current drive to identify and support conservation outside the
protected areas (Kullberg et al. 2019; Kshettry et al. 2020). However, the
current massive clearing of forests along the Kholongchu River for a 600
megawatts hydro power construction, new power transmission lines, highway
widening and also the increasing number of new farm road and trail
constructions and increased resource collections, mainly due to less
restrictions as opposed to a protected area, pose significant threats to the
bird community in Trashiyangtse District.
We recommend conservation donors
and wildlife managers to include non-protected areas such as ours as
conservation priorities and accordingly provide funds to initiate bird
conservation work for overall biodiversity conservation and eco-tourism. We
also suggest similar studies to be conducted in other areas adjacent to
protected areas in Bhutan as well as in the region.
Table 1. The avifauna checklist
for the non-protected region of Trashiyangtse District in north-eastern Bhutan
| categorized into feeding guild (Gra—Granivorous | Fru—Frugivorous |
Nec—Nectivorous | Ins—Insectivorous | Car—Carnivorous | and Omn—Omnivorous) |
residency pattern (R—Residents | AM—Altitudinal Migrants | SV—Summer Visitors |
WV—Winter Visitors | and PM—Passage Migrants) | IUCN Red List status
(CE—Critically Endangered | E—Endangered | VU—Vulnerable | NT—Near Threatened |
and L—Least Concern) | and abundance (C—Common | F—Frequent | O—Occasional |
R—Rare).
|
Order/ Family (no. of
species)/ Common name |
Scientific name |
Feeding guild |
Residency pattern |
IUCN Red List status |
Abundance |
|
Accipitriformes |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accipitridae (11) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shikra |
Accipiter badius (Gmelin, JF, 1788) |
Car |
R |
LC |
O |
|
Eurasian Sparrowhawk |
Accipiter nisus (Linnaeus, 1758) |
Car |
AM |
LC |
R |
|
Himalyan Buzzard |
Buteo burmanicus (Hume, 1875) |
Car |
WV |
LC |
R |
|
Common Buzzard |
Buteo buteo (Linnaeus, 1758) |
Car |
AM |
LC |
O |
|
Hen Harrier |
Circus cyaneus (Linnaeus, 1766) |
Car |
AM |
LC |
R |
|
Himalayan Griffon Vulture |
Gyps himalayensis (Hume, 1869) |
Car |
R |
NT |
O |
|
Pallas's Fish Eagle |
Haliaeetus leucoryphus, (Pallas, 1771) |
Car |
R |
EN |
R |
|
Black Eagle |
Ictinaetus malaiensis (Temminck, 1822) |
Car |
R |
LC |
O |
|
Black-eared Kite |
Milvus migrans (Boddaert, 1783) |
Car |
PM |
LC |
R |
|
Mountain Hawk Eagle |
Nisaetus nipalensis (Hodgson, 1836) |
Car |
R |
LC |
R |
|
Crested Serpent Eagle |
Spilornis cheela (Latham, 1790) |
Car |
SV |
LC |
O |
|
Pandionidae (1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Osprey |
Pandion haliaetus (Linnaeus, 1758) |
Car |
WV |
LC |
R |
|
Anseriformes |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Anatidae (9) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mandarin Duck |
Aix galericulata (Linnaeus, 1758) |
Omn |
PM |
LC |
R |
|
Northern Pintail |
Anas acuta (Linnaeus, 1758) |
Omn |
PM |
LC |
R |
|
Common Teal |
Anas crecca (Linneaus, 1758) |
Omn |
PM |
LC |
R |
|
Mallard Duck |
Anas platyrhynchos (Linnaeus, 1758) |
Gra |
PM |
LC |
R |
|
Bar-headed Goose |
Anser indicus (Latham, 1790) |
Gra |
PM |
LC |
R |
|
Eurasian Wigeon |
Mareca penelope (Linnaeus, 1758) |
Gra |
PM |
LC |
R |
|
Goosander |
Mergus merganser (Linnaeus, 1758) |
Omn |
PM |
LC |
R |
|
Red-crested Pochard |
Netta rufina (Pallas, 1773) |
Omn |
PM |
LC |
R |
|
Northern Shoveler |
Spatula clypeata (Linnaeus, 1758) |
Gra |
PM |
LC |
R |
|
Apodiformes |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Apodidae (5) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
House swift |
Apus nipalensis (Hodgson, 1837) |
Ins |
R |
LC |
O |
|
Fork-tailed Swift |
Apus pacificus (Latham, 1801) |
Ins |
SV |
LC |
O |
|
Himalayan Swiftlet |
Collocalia brevirostris (Horsfield, 1840) |
Ins |
R |
LC |
O |
|
Asian Palm Swift |
Cypsiurus balasiensis (Gray, JE, 1829) |
Ins |
R |
LC |
O |
|
White-throated Needletail |
Hirundapus caudacutus (Latham, 1801) |
Ins |
SV |
LC |
O |
|
Buceriformes |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Upupidae (1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Eurasian Hoopoe |
Upupa epops (Linnaeus, 1758) |
Omn |
AM |
LC |
C |
|
Caprimulgiformes |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Caprimulgidae (1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Grey Nightjar |
Caprimulgus indicus (Latham, 1790) |
Ins |
R |
LC |
O |
|
Charadriiformes |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Charadriidae (4) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Little Ringed Plover |
Charadrius dubius (Scopoli, 1786) |
Omn |
WV |
LC |
R |
|
Long-billed Plover |
Charadrius placidus (Gray, JE &
Gray, GR, 1863) |
Omn |
WV |
LC |
R |
|
River Lapwing
|
Vanellus duvaucelii (Lesson, 1826) |
Ins |
R |
NT |
R |
|
Red-wattled Lapwing |
Vanellus indicus (Roddaert, 1783) |
Ins |
SV |
LC |
R |
|
Ibidorhynchidae (1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ibisbill |
Ibidorhyncha struthersii (Vigors, 1832) |
Ins |
WV |
LC |
R |
|
Laridae (1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Brown-headed Gull |
Chroicocephalus brunnicephalus (Jerdon, 1840) |
Omn |
PM |
LC |
R |
|
Scolopacidae (3) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common Sandpiper |
Actitis hypoleucos (Linnaeus, 1758) |
Car |
PM |
LC |
R |
|
Solitary Snipe |
Gallinago solitaria (Hodgson, 1831) |
Car |
WV |
LC |
R |
|
Green Sandpiper |
Tringa ochropus (Linneaus, 1758) |
Car |
PM |
LC |
R |
|
Tunicidae (1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Barred Buttonquail |
Turnix suscitator (Gmelin, JF, 1789) |
Gra |
R |
LC |
R |
|
Columbiformes |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Columbidae (6) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Barred Cuckoo Dove |
Macropygia unchall (Wagler, 1827) |
Gra |
SV |
LC |
O |
|
Speckled Wood Pigeon |
Columba hodgsonii (Vigors, 1832) |
Gra |
AM |
LC |
O |
|
Snow Pigeon |
Columba leuconota (Vigors, 1831) |
Gra |
AM |
LC |
R |
|
Spotted Dove |
Spilopelia chinensis (Scopoli, 1786) |
Gra |
SV |
LC |
C |
|
Oriental Turtle Dove
|
Streptopelia orientalis (Latham, 1790) |
Gra |
R |
LC |
C |
|
Wedge-tailed Green Pigeon |
Treron sphenurus (Vigors, 1832) |
Gra |
AM |
LC |
O |
|
Coraciiformes |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Alcedinidae (3) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common Kingfisher |
Alcedo atthis (Linnaeus, 1758) |
Car |
AM |
LC |
O |
|
White-throated Kingfisher |
Halcyon smyrnensis (Linnaeus, 1758) |
Car |
AM |
LC |
R |
|
Crested Kingfisher |
Megaceryle lugubris (Temminck, 1834) |
Car |
AM |
LC |
O |
|
Coraciidae (1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Indian Roller |
Coracias benghalensis (Linnaeus, 1758) |
Ins |
AM |
LC |
R |
|
Cuculiformes |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cuculidae (8) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common Hawk Cuckoo |
Hierococcyx varius (Vahl, 1797) |
Ins |
SV |
LC |
O |
|
Lesser Coucal |
Centropus bengalensis (Gmelin, JF, 1788) |
Ins |
R |
LC |
O |
|
Eurasian Cuckoo |
Cuculus canorus (Linnaeus, 1758) |
Ins |
SV |
LC |
O |
|
Indian Cuckoo |
Cuculus micropterus (Gould, 1838) |
Ins |
SV |
LC |
C |
|
Himalayan Cuckoo |
Cuculus saturatus (Blyth, 1843) |
Ins |
SV |
LC |
C |
|
Large Hawk Cuckoo |
Hierococcyx sparverioides (Vigors, 1832) |
Ins |
SV |
LC |
O |
|
Green-billed Malkoha |
Phaenicophaeus tristis (Lesson, 1830) |
Ins |
R |
LC |
R |
|
Square-tailed Drongo-cuckoo |
Surniculus lugubris (Horsfield, 1821) |
Ins |
SV |
LC |
O |
|
Falconiformes |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Falconidae (1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common Kestrel |
Falco tinnunculus (Linnaeus, 1758) |
Car |
R |
LC |
O |
|
Galliformes |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Phasianidae (7) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Blood Pheasant |
Ithaginis cruentus (Hardwicke, 1821) |
Omn |
R |
LC |
R |
|
Rufous-throated Partridge |
Arborophila rufogularis (Blyth, 1849) |
Omn |
R |
LC |
R |
|
Hill Partridge |
Arborophila torqueola (Valenciennes,
1825) |
Omn |
R |
LC |
C |
|
Common Quail |
Coturnix coturnix (Linnaeus, 1758) |
Omn |
R |
LC |
R |
|
Himalayan Monal |
Lophophorus impejanus (Latham, 1790) |
Omn |
R |
LC |
R |
|
Kalij Pheasant |
Lophura leucomelanos (Latham, 1790) |
Omn |
R |
LC |
C |
|
Satyr Tragopan |
Tragopan satyra (Linnaeus, 1758) |
Omn |
R |
NT |
O |
|
Gruiformes |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gruidae (1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Black-necked Crane |
Grus nigricollis (Przhevalsky, 1876) |
Omn |
WV |
VU |
R |
|
Rallidae (4) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
White-breasted Waterhen |
Amaurornis phoenicurus (Pennant, 1769) |
Omn |
R |
LC |
R |
|
Eurasian Coot |
Fulica atra (Linnaeus, 1758) |
Omn |
PM |
LC |
R |
|
Slaty-breasted Rail |
Lewinia striata (Linnaeus, 1766) |
Omn |
WV |
LC |
R |
|
Black-tailed Crake |
Zapornia bicolor (Walden, 1872) |
Omn |
R |
LC |
R |
|
Passeriformes |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Aegithalidae (2) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Black-throated Bush tit |
Aegithalos
concinnus (Gould, 1855) |
Ins |
R |
LC |
C |
|
Rufous-fronted Bush tit |
Aegithalos iouschistos (Blyth,1845) |
Ins |
AM |
LC |
C |
|
Alaudidae (2) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Oriental Skylark |
Alauda gulgula (Franklin, 1831) |
Omn |
WV |
LC |
R |
|
Horned Lark |
Eremophila alpestris (Linnaeus, 1758) |
Omn |
WV |
LC |
R |
|
Alcippeidae (1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nepal Fulvetta |
Alcippe nipalensis (Hodgson, 1837) |
Ins |
R |
LC |
O |
|
Calcariidae (1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lapland Longspur |
Calcarius lapponicus (Linnaeus, 1758) |
Omn |
AM |
LC |
R |
|
Campephagidae (2) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Long-tailed Minivet |
Pericrocotus ethologus (Bangs &
Phillips, 1914) |
Ins |
R |
LC |
O |
|
Scarlet Minivet |
Pericrocotus fammeus (Forster, JR, 1781) |
Ins |
AM |
LC |
O |
|
Certhiidae (3) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Brown-throated Treecreeper |
Certhia discolor (Blyth, 1845) |
Ins |
AM |
LC |
O |
|
Hodgson's Treecreeper |
Certhia hodgsoni (Brooks, WE, 1871) |
Ins |
AM |
LC |
O |
|
Rusty-flanked Treecreeper |
Certhia nipalensis (Blyth, 1845) |
Ins |
AM |
LC |
F |
|
Cettiidae (5) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Yellow-bellied Warbler |
Abroscopus superciliaris (Blyth, 1859) |
Ins |
AM |
LC |
C |
|
Chestnut-headed Tesia |
Cettia castaneocoronata (Burton, E, 1836) |
Ins |
AM |
LC |
O |
|
Aberrant Bush Warbler |
Horornis flavolivaceus (Blyth, 1845) |
Ins |
AM |
LC |
C |
|
Brown-flanked Bush Warbler |
Horornis fortipes (Hodgson, 1845) |
Ins |
AM |
LC |
C |
|
Grey-bellied Tesia |
Tesia cyaniventer (Hodgson, 1837) |
Ins |
AM |
LC |
O |
|
Chloropseidae (1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Orange-bellied Leaf bird |
Chloropsis hardwickii (Jardine &
Selby, 1830) |
Fru |
R |
LC |
O |
|
Cinclidae (2) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
White-throated Dipper |
Cinclus cinclus (Linneaus, 1758) |
Ins |
AM |
LC |
O |
|
Brown Dipper |
Cinclus pallasii (Temminck, 1820) |
Ins |
AM |
LC |
C |
|
Cisticolidae (4) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common Tailorbird |
Orthotomus sutorius (Pennant, 1769) |
Ins |
R |
LC |
C |
|
Black-throated Prina |
Prinia atrogularis (Moore, F, 1854) |
Ins |
R |
LC |
C |
|
Striated Prina |
Prinia crinigera (Hodgson, 1836) |
Ins |
R |
LC |
C |
|
Rufescent Prinia |
Prinia rufescens (Blyth, 1847) |
Ins |
R |
LC |
C |
|
Corvidae (6) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Grey Treepie |
Dendrocitta formosae (Swinhoe, 1863) |
Omn |
R |
LC |
C |
|
Large-billed Crow |
Corvus macrorhynchos (Wagler, 1827) |
Omn |
R |
LC |
C |
|
Eurasian Jay |
Garrulus glandarius (Linnaeus, 1758) |
Omn |
AM |
LC |
O |
|
Red-billed Chough |
Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax (Linnaeus, 1758) |
Ins |
AM |
LC |
R |
|
Spotted Nutcracker |
Nucifraga caryocatactes (Linnaeus, 1758) |
Omn |
R |
LC |
O |
|
Yellow-billed Blue Magpie |
Urocissa flavirostris (Blyth, 1846) |
Omn |
R |
LC |
C |
|
Dicaeidae (1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fire-breasted
Flowerpecker |
Dicaeum ignipectus (Blyth,1843) |
Fru |
AM |
LC |
O |
|
Dicruridae (3) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ashy Drongo |
Dicrurus leucophaeus (Vieillot, 1817) |
Ins |
AM |
LC |
C |
|
Black Drongo |
Dicrurus macrocercus (Vieillot, 1817) |
Ins |
AM |
LC |
O |
|
Hair-crested Drongo |
Dicrurus hottentottus (Linnaeus, 1766) |
Ins |
SV |
LC |
O |
|
Elachuridae (1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Spotted Wren Babbler |
Elachura formosa (Walden, 1874) |
Ins |
LC |
LC |
R |
|
Emberizidae (2) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Crested Bunting |
Emberiza lathami (Gray, JE, 1831) |
Omn |
SV |
LC |
O |
|
Little Bunting |
Emberiza pusilla (Pallas, 1776) |
Omn |
PM |
LC |
O |
|
Estrildidae (1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Scaly-breasted Munia |
Lonchura punctulata (Linnaeus, 1758) |
Gra |
AM |
LC |
R |
|
Fringillidae (11) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common Rosefinch |
Carpodacus erythrinus (Pallas, 1770) |
Gra |
AM |
LC |
O |
|
Pink-browed Rosefinch |
Carpodacus rodochroa (Vigors, 1831) |
Gra |
SV |
LC |
O |
|
White-browed Rosefinch |
Carpodacus thura (Bonaparte &
Schlegel, 1850) |
Gra |
AM |
LC |
C |
|
Yellow-breasted Greenfinch |
Chloris spinoides (Vigors, 1831) |
Gra |
AM |
LC |
F |
|
Scarlet Finch |
Carpodacus sipahi (Hodgson, 1836) |
Gra |
AM |
LC |
O |
|
Red Crossbill |
Loxia curvirostra (Linnaeus, 1758) |
Gra |
SV |
LC |
O |
|
White-winged Grosbeak |
Mycerobas carnipes (Hodgson, 1836) |
Fru |
AM |
LC |
O |
|
Spot-winged Grosbeak |
Mycerobes melanozanthos (Hodgson, 1836) |
Fru |
AM |
LC |
O |
|
Dark-breasted Rosefinch |
Procarduelis nipalensis (Hodgson, 1836) |
Gra |
AM |
LC |
F |
|
Red-headed Bullfinch |
Pyrrhula erythrocephala (Vigors, 1832) |
Gra |
AM |
LC |
O |
|
Brown Bullfinch |
Pyrrhula nipalensis (Hodgson, 1836) |
Gra |
SV |
LC |
O |
|
Hirundinidae (2) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Red-rumped Swallow |
Cecropis daurica (Laxmann, 1769) |
Ins |
SV |
LC |
O |
|
Barn Swallow |
Hirundo rustica (Linnaeus, 1758) |
Ins |
SV |
LC |
O |
|
Laniidae (3) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Brown Shrike |
Lanius cristatus (Linnaeus, 1758) |
Car |
WV |
LC |
C |
|
Long-tailed Shrike |
Lanius schach (Linnaeus, 1758) |
Car |
AM |
LC |
C |
|
Grey-backed Shrike |
Lanius tephronotus (Vigors, 1831) |
Car |
R |
LC |
C |
|
Leiothrichidae (17) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Rusty-fronted Barwing |
Actinodura egertoni (Gould, 1836) |
Omn |
R |
LC |
C |
|
Hoary-throated Barwing |
Actinodura nipalensis (Hodgson, 1836) |
Omn |
R |
LC |
O |
|
Himalayan Cutia |
Cutia nipalensis (Hodgson, 1837) |
Fru |
R |
LC |
O |
|
White-throated Laughingthrush |
Garrulax albogularis (Gould, 1836) |
Omn |
R |
LC |
C |
|
White-crested Laughingthrush |
Garrulax leucolophus (Hardwicke, 1815) |
Omn |
R |
LC |
C |
|
Striated Laughingthrush |
Grammatoptila striatus (Vigors, 1831) |
Omn |
R |
LC |
C |
|
Rufous Sibia |
Heterophasia capistrata (Vigors, 1831) |
Ins |
R |
LC |
C |
|
Long-tailed Sibia |
Heterophasia picaoides (Hodgson, 1839) |
Ins |
R |
LC |
C |
|
Spotted Laughingthrush |
Ianthocincla ocellata (Vigors, 1831) |
Omn |
R |
LC |
C |
|
Rufous-chinned Laughingthrush |
Ianthocincla rufogularis (Gould, 1835) |
Omn |
R |
LC |
C |
|
Red-bellied Leiothrix |
Leiothrix lutea (Scopooli, 1786) |
Ins |
AM |
LC |
C |
|
Blue-winged Siva |
Minla cyanouroptera (Hodgson, 1837) |
Ins |
R |
LC |
C |
|
Red-tailed Minla |
Minla ignotincta (Hodgson, 1837) |
Ins |
AM |
LC |
C |
|
Bar-throated Siva |
Minla strigula (Hodgson, 1837) |
Fru |
R |
LC |
C |
|
Black-faced Laughingthrush |
Trochalopteron affine (Blyth, 1843) |
Omn |
R |
LC |
C |
|
Chesnut-crowned Laughingthrush |
Trochalopteron erythrocephalum (Vigors, 1832) |
Omn |
AM |
LC |
C |
|
Bhutan Laughingthrush |
Trochalopteron imbricatum (Blyth, 1843) |
Omn |
R |
LC |
C |
|
Monarchidae (1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Indian Paradise-flycatcher |
Terpsihone paradisi (Linnaeus, 1758) |
Ins |
SV |
LC |
R |
|
Motacillidae (7) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
White Wagtail |
Motacilla alba (Linnaeus, 1758) |
Ins |
R |
LC |
O |
|
Grey Wagtail |
Motacilla cinerea (Tunstall, 1771) |
Ins |
WV |
LC |
O |
|
Citrine Wagtail |
Motacilla citreola (Pallas, 1776) |
Ins |
AM |
LC |
O |
|
Yellow Wagtail |
Motacilla flava (Linnaeus, 1758) |
Ins |
WV |
LC |
O |
|
White-browed Wagtail |
Motacilla maderaspatensis (Gmelin, JF, 1789) |
Ins |
R |
LC |
O |
|
Olive-backed Pipit |
Anthus hodgsoni (Richmond, 1907) |
Ins |
AM |
LC |
O |
|
Tree Pipit |
Anthus trivialis (Linnaeus, 1758) |
Ins |
AM |
LC |
O |
|
Muscicapidae (32) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Oriental Magpie Robin |
Copsychus saularis (Linnaeus, 1758) |
Ins |
R |
LC |
C |
|
Blue-throated Blue Flycatcher |
Cyornis rubeculoides (Vigors, 1831) |
Ins |
SV |
LC |
O |
|
Pale-blue Flycatcher |
Cyornis unicolor (Blyth, 1843) |
Ins |
AM |
LC |
O |
|
Black-backed Forktail |
Enicurus immaculatus (Hodgson, 1836) |
Ins |
AM |
LC |
O |
|
Spotted Forktail |
Enicurus maculatus (Vigors, 1831) |
Ins |
AM |
LC |
R |
|
Slaty-backed Forktail |
Enicurus schistaceus (Hodgson, 1836) |
Ins |
R |
LC |
C |
|
Little Forktail |
Enicurus scouleri (Vigors, 1832) |
Ins |
AM |
LC |
R |
|
Verditer Flycatcher |
Eumyias thalassinus (Swainson, 1838) |
Ins |
AM |
LC |
C |
|
Snowy-browed Flycatcher |
Ficedula hyperythra (Blyth, 1843) |
Ins |
AM |
LC |
O |
|
Rufous-gorgeted Flycatcher |
Ficedula strophiata (Hodgson, 1837) |
Ins |
AM |
LC |
C |
|
Ultramarine Flycatcher |
Ficedula superciliaris (Jerdon, 1840) |
Ins |
SV |
LC |
O |
|
Slaty-blue Flycatcher |
Ficedula tricolor (Hodgson, 1845) |
Ins |
AM |
LC |
C |
|
Blue-capped Rock Thrush |
Monticola cinclorhyncha (Vigors, 1832) |
Omn |
R |
LC |
C |
|
Chestnut-bellied Rock Thrush |
Monticola rufiventris (Jardine &
Selby, 1833) |
Omn |
R |
LC |
C |
|
Blue Rock Thrush |
Monticola solitarius (Linnaeus, 1758) |
Omn |
R |
LC |
C |
|
Ferruginous Flycatcher |
Muscicapa ferruginea (Hodgson, 1845) |
Ins |
SV |
LC |
C |
|
Blue Whistling Thrush |
Myophonus caeruleus (Scopoli, 1786) |
Omn |
R |
LC |
C |
|
Large Niltava |
Niltava grandis (Blyth, 1842) |
Ins |
AM |
LC |
O |
|
Small Niltava |
Niltava macgrigoriae (Burton, E, 1836 |
Ins |
AM |
LC |
O |
|
Rufous-bellied Niltava |
Niltava sundara (Hodgson, 1837) |
Ins |
AM |
LC |
C |
|
Blue-fronted Redstart |
Phoenicurus frontalis (Vigors, 1831) |
Omn |
AM |
LC |
C |
|
Plumbeous Water Redstart |
Phoenicurus fuliginosus (Vigors, 1831) |
Ins |
AM |
LC |
C |
|
Hodgson's Redstart |
Phoenicurus hodgsoni (Moore, F, 1854) |
Ins |
WV |
LC |
C |
|
White-capped water Redstart |
Phoenicurus leucocephalus (Vigors, 1831) |
Ins |
AM |
LC |
C |
|
Black Redstart |
Phoenicurus ochruros (Gmelin, SG, 1774) |
Ins |
WV |
LC |
O |
|
White-throated Redstart |
Phoenicurus schisticeps (Gray, JE &
Gray, GR, 1847) |
Ins |
WV |
LC |
F |
|
Pied Bushchat |
Saxicola caprata (Linnaeus, 1766) |
Ins |
AM |
LC |
R |
|
Grey Bushchat |
Saxicola ferreus (Gray, JE &
Gray, GR, 1847) |
Ins |
AM |
LC |
C |
|
Common Stonechat |
Saxicola torquatus (Linnaeus, 1766) |
Omn |
WV |
LC |
O |
|
Golden Bush Robin |
Tarsiger chrysaeus (Hodgson, 1845) |
Ins |
SV |
LC |
O |
|
White-browed Bush Robin |
Tarsiger indicus (Vieillot, 1817) |
Ina |
AM |
LC |
O |
|
Himalayan Bluetail |
Tarsiger rufilatus (Hodgson, 1845) |
Omn |
AM |
LC |
O |
|
Nectariniidae (5) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mrs Gould's Sunbird |
Aethopyga gouldiae (Vigors, 1831) |
Nec |
AM |
LC |
C |
|
Fire-tailed Sunbird |
Aethopyga ignicauda (Hodgson, 1836) |
Nec |
AM |
LC |
C |
|
Green-tailed Sunbird |
Aethopyga nipalensis (Hodgson, 1836) |
Nec |
AM |
LC |
C |
|
Black-throated Sunbird |
Aethopyga saturata (Hodgson, 1836) |
Nec |
AM |
LC |
C |
|
Crimson Sunbird |
Aethopyga siparaja (Raffles, 1822) |
Nec |
R |
LC |
C |
|
Oriolidae (2) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Indian Golden Oriole |
Oriolus kundoo (Skyes, 1832) |
Fru |
SV |
LC |
R |
|
Maroon Oriole |
Oriolus traillii (Vigors, 1832) |
Fru |
AM |
LC |
R |
|
Paradoxornithidae (2) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
White-browed Fulvetta |
Fulvetta vinipectus (Hodgson, 1837) |
Ins |
AM |
LC |
O |
|
Fire-tailed Myzornis |
Myzornis pyrrhoura (Blyth, 1843) |
Omn |
AM |
LC |
O |
|
Paridae (4) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cinereous Tit |
Parus cinereus (Vieillot, 1818) |
Ins |
AM |
LC |
O |
|
Green-backed Tit |
Parus monticolus (Vigors, 1831) |
Ins |
AM |
LC |
C |
|
Rufous-vented Tit |
Periparus rubidiventris (Blyth, 1847) |
Ins |
AM |
LC |
O |
|
Coal Tit |
Periparus ater (Linnaeus, 1758) |
Ins |
AM |
LC |
O |
|
Passeridae (3) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Russet Sparrow |
Passer cinnamomeus (Gould, 1836) |
Gra |
AM |
LC |
C |
|
House Sparrow |
Passer domesticus (Linnaeus, 1758) |
Gra |
R |
LC |
C |
|
Eurasian Tree Sparrow |
Passer montanus (Linnaeus, 1758) |
Gra |
R |
LC |
C |
|
Pellorneidae (2) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Puff-throated Babbler |
Pellorneum ruficeps (Swainson, 1832) |
Ins |
R |
LC |
O |
|
Rufous-winged Fulvetta |
Schoeniparus castaneceps (Hodgson, 1837) |
Ins |
AM |
LC |
O |
|
Phylloscopidae (9) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Tickell’s Leaf Warbler |
Phylloscopus affinis (Tickell, 1833) |
Ins |
SV |
LC |
C |
|
Yellow-vented Warbler |
Phylloscopus cantator (Tickell, 1833) |
Ins |
AM |
LC |
O |
|
Chestnut-crowned Warbler |
Phylloscopus castaniceps (Hodgson, 1845) |
Ins |
AM |
LC |
O |
|
Lemon-rumped Warbler |
Phylloscopus chloronotus (Gray, JE &
Gray, GR, 1847) |
Ins |
PM |
LC |
C |
|
Ashy-throated Warbler |
Phylloscopus maculipennis (Blyth, 1867) |
Ins |
AM |
LC |
C |
|
Large-billed Leaf Warbler |
Phylloscopus magnirostris (Blyth, 1843) |
Ins |
SV |
LC |
C |
|
Blyth's Leaf Warbler |
Phylloscopus reguloides (Blyth, 1842) |
Ins |
PM |
LC |
O |
|
Whistler's Warbler |
Phylloscopus whistleri (Ticehurst, 1925) |
Ins |
AM |
LC |
C |
|
Grey-hooded Warbler |
Phylloscopus xanthoschistos (Gray, JE &
Gray, GR, 1847) |
Ins |
PM |
LC |
C |
|
Pnoepygidae (1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Scaly-breasted Wren Babbler |
Pnoepyga albiventer (Hodgson, 1837) |
Ins |
AM |
LC |
O |
|
Prunellidae (3) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Alpine Accentor |
Prunella collaris (Scopoli, 1769) |
Ins |
AM |
LC |
O |
|
Maroon-backed Accentor |
Prunella immaculata (Hodgson, 1845) |
Ins |
R |
LC |
O |
|
Rufous-breasted Accentor |
Prunella strophiata (Blyth, 1843) |
Ins |
AM |
LC |
O |
|
Pycnonotidae (5) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Black Bulbul |
Hypsipetes leucocephalus (Gmelin, JF, 1789) |
Omn |
AM |
LC |
C |
|
Mountain Bulbul |
Ixos mcclellandii (Horsfield, 1840) |
Omn |
AM |
LC |
C |
|
Red-vented Bulbul |
Pycnonotus cafer (Linnaeus, 1766) |
Omn |
AM |
LC |
C |
|
Himalayan Bulbul |
Pycnonotus leucogenys (Gray, JE, 1835) |
Omn |
AM |
LC |
C |
|
Striated Bulbul |
Pycnonotus striatus (Blyth, 1842) |
Omn |
AM |
LC |
O |
|
Rhipiduridae (1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
White-throated Fantail |
Rhipidura albicollis (Vieillot, 1818) |
Omn |
AM |
LC |
O |
|
Sittidae (2) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Chestnut-bellied Nuthatch |
Sitta cinnamoventris (Blyth, 1842) |
Omn |
R |
LC |
O |
|
White-tailed Nuthatch |
Sitta himalayensis (Jardine &
Selby, 1835) |
Omn |
R |
LC |
O |
|
Stenostiridae (2) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Yellow-bellied Fantail |
Chelidorhynx hypoxanthus (Blyth, 1843) |
Ins |
AM |
LC |
C |
|
Grey-headed Canary Flycatcher |
Culicicapa ceylonensis (Swainson, 1820) |
Ins |
AM |
LC |
C |
|
Timaliidae (6) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Rusty-cheeked Scimitar Babbler |
Erythrogenys erythrogenys (Vigors, 1831) |
Omn |
R |
LC |
C |
|
Spot-breasted Scimitar Babbler |
Erythrogenys mcclellandi (Godwin-Austen,
1870) |
Omn |
R |
LC |
O |
|
Streak-breasted Scimitar Babbler |
Pomatorhinus ruficollis (Hodgson, 1836) |
Omn |
R |
LC |
O |
|
Golden Babbler |
Cyanoderma chrysaeum (Blyth, 1844) |
Omn |
R |
LC |
O |
|
Rufous-capped Babbler |
Cyanoderma ruficeps (Blyth, 1847) |
Omn |
R |
LC |
O |
|
Grey-throated Babbler |
Stachyris nigriceps (Blyth, 1844) |
Omn |
R |
LC |
O |
|
Trichodromidae (1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Wall Creeper |
Tichodroma muraria (Linnaeus, 1766) |
Ins |
WV |
LC |
F |
|
Troglodytidae (1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Eurasian Wren |
Troglodytes troglodytes (Linnaeus, 1758) |
Ins |
AM |
LC |
R |
|
Turdidae (6) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Orange-headed Thrush |
Geokichla citrina (Latham, 1790) |
Omn |
SV |
LC |
R |
|
Black-throated Thrush |
Turdus atrogularis (Jarocki, 1819) |
Ins |
AM |
LC |
O |
|
Grey-winged Blackbird |
Turdus boulboul (Latham, 1790) |
Omn |
AM |
LC |
O |
|
White-collared Blackbird |
Turdus albocinctus (Royle, 1840) |
Omn |
R |
LC |
O |
|
Scaly Thrush |
Zoothera dauma (Latham, 1790) |
Omn |
AM |
LC |
O |
|
Alpine Thrush |
Zoothera mollissima (Blyth, 1842) |
Ins |
AM |
LC |
O |
|
Vangidae (2) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bar-winged Flycatcher-shrike |
Hemipus picatus (Sykes, 1832) |
Ins |
R |
LC |
O |
|
Large Woodshrike |
Tephrodornis virgatus (Temminck, 1824) |
Ins |
R |
LC |
O |
|
Vireonidae (2) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Blyth's Shrike-babbler |
Pteruthius aeralatus (Blyth, 1855) |
Ins |
R |
LC |
O |
|
Black-eared Shrike-babbler |
Pteruthius melanotis (Hodgson, 1847) |
Ins |
AM |
LC |
O |
|
Zosteropidae (5) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Whiskered Yuhina |
Yuhina flavicollis (Hodgson, 1836) |
Omn |
AM |
LC |
C |
|
Stripe-throated Yuhina |
Yuhina gularis (Hodgson, 1836) |
Omn |
AM |
LC |
O |
|
Black-chinned Yuhina |
Yuhina nigrimenta (Blyth, 1845) |
Omn |
AM |
LC |
O |
|
Rufous-vented Yuhina |
Yuhina occipitalis (Hodgson, 1836) |
Omn |
AM |
LC |
O |
|
Oriental White-eye |
Zosterops palpebrosus (Temminck, 1824) |
Ins |
R |
LC |
C |
|
Pelecaniforms |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ardeidae (4) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
White-bellied heron |
Ardea insignis (Hume, 1878) |
Car |
R |
CR |
R |
|
Indian Pond heron |
Ardeola grayii (Sykes, 1832) |
Car |
AM |
LC |
R |
|
Cattle Egret |
Bubulcus ibis (Linnaeus, 1758) |
Car |
SV |
LC |
R |
|
Black-crowned Night Heron |
Nycticorax nycticorax (Linnaeus, 1758) |
Car |
AM |
LC |
R |
|
Piciformes |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Indicatoridae (1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Yellow-rumped Honeyguide |
Indicator xanthonotus (Blyth, 1842) |
Ins |
R |
NT |
R |
|
Megalaimidae (3) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Golden-throated Barbet |
Psilopogon franklinii (Blyth, 1842) |
Fru |
AM |
LC |
O |
|
Blue-throated Barbet |
Psilopogon asiaticus (Latham, 1790) |
Fru |
AM |
LC |
O |
|
Great Barbet |
Psilopogon virens (Boddaert, 1783) |
Omn |
R |
LC |
C |
|
Picidae (10) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bay Woodpecker |
Blythipicus pyrrhotis (Hodgson, 1837) |
Ins |
R |
LC |
O |
|
Greater Yellownape |
Chrysophlegma flavinucha (Gould, 1834) |
Ins |
R |
LC |
O |
|
Darjeeling Woodpecker |
Dendrocopos darjellensis (Blyth, 1845) |
Ins |
R |
LC |
O |
|
Rufous-bellied Woodpecker |
Dendrocopos hyperythrus (Vigors, 1831) |
Ins |
R |
LC |
O |
|
Fulvous-breasted Woodpecker |
Dendrocopos macei (Vieillot, 1818) |
Ins |
R |
LC |
O |
|
Crimson-breasted Woodpecker |
Dryobates cathpharius (Bylth, 1843) |
Ins |
R |
LC |
O |
|
Speckled Piculet |
Picumnus innominatus (Burton, E, 1836) |
Ins |
R |
LC |
O |
|
Grey-headed Wookpecker |
Dendropicos spodocephalus (Bonaparte, 1850) |
Ins |
R |
LC |
O |
|
Lesser Yellownape |
Picus chlorolophus (Vieillot, 1818) |
Ins |
R |
LC |
O |
|
Grey-capped Pygmy Woodpecker |
Yungipicus canicapillus (Blyth, 1845) |
Ins |
R |
LC |
O |
|
Podicipediformes |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Podicipedidae (1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Great Crested Grebe |
Podiceps cristatus (Linnaeus, 1758) |
Car |
PM |
LC |
R |
|
Strigiformes |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Strigidae (7) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Spotted Owlet |
Athene brama (Temminck, 1821) |
Car |
R |
LC |
R |
|
Spot-bellied Eagle Owl |
Bubo nepalensis (Hodgson, 1836) |
Car |
R |
LC |
R |
|
Collard Owlet |
Glaucidium brodiei (Burton, E, 1836) |
Car |
R |
LC |
O |
|
Asian Barred Owlet |
Glaucidium cuculoides (Vigors, 1831) |
Car |
R |
LC |
O |
|
Jungle Owlet |
Glaucidium radiatum (Tickell, 1833) |
Car |
R |
LC |
O |
|
Mountain Scops Owl |
Otus spilocephalus (Blyth, 1846) |
Car |
R |
LC |
R |
|
Brown Wood Owl |
Strix leptogrammica (Temminck, 1832) |
Car |
R |
LC |
R |
|
Tytonidae (1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Barn Owl |
Tyto alba (Scopoli, 1769) |
Car |
R |
LC |
R |
|
Suliformes |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Phalacrocoracidae (1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Great Cormorant |
Phalacrocorax carbo (Linnaeus, 1758) |
Car |
WV |
LC |
O |
|
Trogoniformes |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Trogonidae (2) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Red-headed Trogon |
Harpactes erythrocephalus (Gould, 1834) |
Omn |
SV |
LC |
R |
|
Ward's Trogon |
Harpactes wardi (Kinnear, 1927) |
Omn |
SV |
NT |
R |
For
figures & images - - click here
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