Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 August 2022 | 14(8): 21508–21528

ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print)

https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.6458.14.8.21508-21528

#6458 | Received 22 July 2020 | Final received 10 May 2022 | Finally accepted 07 July 2022

The checklist of birds of Rajkot district, Gujarat, India with a note on probable local extinction

Neel Sureja ¹, Hemanya Radadia ², Bhavesh Trivedi ³, Dhavalkumar Varagiya ⁴ & Mayurdan Gadhavi ⁵

¹ Anglia Ruskin University, East Rd, Cambridge CB1 1PT, United Kingdom.

² Jay International School, Opp Arya Bhagwati Bungalows, Opp Water Sump, Kalawad Road, Chhapra, Rajkot, Gujarat 360005, India.

³ GEER Foundation, Indroda Nature Park, P.O. Sector -7, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382007, India.

⁴ Mokarsagar Wetland Conservation Committee, Porbandar, “Dipak Jyoti”, Satya Narayan Temple Road, Porbandar, Gujarat 360575, India.

⁵ H & H B Kotak Institute of Science, Dr Yagnik Rd, D H, College Campus, Rajkot, Gujarat 360001, India.

¹ neelsureja5@gmail.com, ² radadiahemanya@gmail.com, ³ bhaveshatrivedi100@gmail.com,

⁴ dhaval.mwcc@gmail.com (corresponding author), ⁵ mayur.gadhvi111@gmail.com

Editor: S. Balachandran, Bombay Natural History Society, Mumbai, India. Date of publication: 26 August 2022 (online & print)

Citation: Sureja, N., H. Radadia, B. Trivedi, D. Varagiya & M. Gadhavi (2022). The checklist of birds of Rajkot district, Gujarat, India with a note on probable local extinction. Journal of Threatened Taxa 14(8): 21508–21528. https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.6458.14.8.21508-21528

Copyright: © Sureja et al. 2022. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. JoTT allows unrestricted use, reproduction, and distribution of this article in any medium by providing adequate credit to the author(s) and the source of publication.

Funding: None.

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

Author details: Neel Sureja is pursuing masters in Applied Wildlife conservation at Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom and is interested in Avian Conservation & Photography. Hemanya Radadia is a student at Jay International School and a birdwatcher with a specific interest in bird identification and taxonomy. He intends to pursue further research in ornithology. Bhavesh Trivedi is working as Assistant Program Co-ordinator at GEER Foundation since 2007. He completed BNHS’s basic course on ornithology in 2001 and is also a life member of the Bird Conservation Society of Gujarat. He is serving as an honorary wildlife warden of Rajkot district since 2019. Dr Dhavalkumar Varagiya volunteers with various citizen science initiatives, including as state reviewer for eBird and Gujarat state coordinator of the Asian Waterbird Census. He is also consulting editor of Flamingo, a bulletin of Gujarat birds and a scientific committee member of the Bird Conservation Society of Gujarat. Dr Mayurdan Gadhavi is working as an assistant professor of Zoology at H & H B Kotak institute of science, Rajkot. He has completed his PhD in crab ecology from The M S University of Baroda. His research interests include marine ecology, faunal diversity & environment conservation.

Author contributions: NS—conceptualization, literature review, field work, data analysis, and writing- original draft, review & editing. HR—field work, literature review, data analysis, and writing- original draft, review & editing. BT—field work and literature review, and writing- review. DV—correspondence, methodology, literature review, data analysis, field work, and writing- review & editing. MG—methodology and supervision, data analysis, and writing- original draft, review & editing.

Acknowledgements: The authors are thankful to Mr Ashok Mashru, Mr Raju Karia, Dr Sunil Moteria and Nature Trackers, Mr Irshad Theba, and Mr Priyank Dhami for sharing their knowledge and information regarding the avifauna of Rajkot. The authors are also thankful to Dr Pranav Pandya and Dr Kespi Pithawala for their valuable suggestions and corrections in the Manuscript. The authors are also thankful to the managing editor and editor of JOTT for helping to improve the manuscript.

Abstract: Rajkot District in Gujarat, India harbours abundant avifauna, yet systematic checklists of this region are lacking. Here we present a checklist of bird in key habitats both natural and man-made, including grasslands, open lands with scattered scrub forests, wetlands (urban lakes) and reservoirs in Rajkot District. We report 348 species of birds belonging to 74 families and 22 orders, of which 281 species were observed by us during the survey and 67 species were compiled from published literature. Species recorded were from the orders Passeriformes (140), Charadriiformes (50), Accipitriformes (28), Anseriformes (19), and Pelecaniformes (19); 316 species were classed as Least Concern (LC), 18 Near Threatened (NT), eight Vulnerable (VU), two Endangered (EN), and four Critically Endangered (CR) as per IUCN. One-hundred-and-forty-six species are resident, 138 winter visitors, 13 monsoon migrants, 12 vagrants, 12 local migrant, and the rest have multiple migratory status. With regards to habitat suitability, 116 species are aquatic (wetland dependant), 67 open land, 66 forest, 19 grassland, and the remainder show overlaps in habitat preference. A total of 124 species are found to breed in Rajkot District. It is important to note that 17 species have not been sighted in and around Rajkot District since 1990, hence they are listed as locally extinct, along with four Data Deficient species.

Keywords: Accipitriformes, Anseriformes, Avifauna, Charadriiformes, habitats, migratory status, Passeriformes, Pelecaniformes.

Introduction

Avifaunal diversity is considered an essential ecological tool to evaluate the health of ecosystems (Bilgrami 1995). Baseline information like a checklist of fauna is a prerequisite for planning and monitoring management actions as well as for policy-making by wildlife authorities for the conservation of fauna and its habitat (Kumar et al.2005). Monitoring of birds of a particular locality is crucial in predicting the ecological health and productivity of the habitat of that locality (Newton 1995; Rotenberry & Wiens 2009). In their book, Ali & Ripley (1987) recorded 1,340 bird species from the Indian Subcontinent. Grimmett et al. (2016) listed 1,313 bird species in and around India that have been reliably recorded until 2010. Recently Praveen et al. (2020) listed 1,332 birds from India.

Gujarat is the only state in the country with five biogeographic zones: semi-arid region, desert, Western Ghats, coasts, and Deccan Peninsula (Solanki et al. 2021). Diverse wildlife habitats include the Great and Little Rann of Kachchh, the Banni grasslands, 42 off-shore islands in Marine National Park of the Gulf of Kachchh near Jamnagar, the dry deciduous forests of Gir and Barda Hills, the tropical thorn forest of Kachchh, Vijaynagar Polo, Ambaji-Balaram and Jessore Sloth Bear Sanctuary, and the moist deciduous forest of southern Gujarat, all of which provide excellent habitats for resident and migratory birds (Tiwari 2010). The bibliography of Gujarat Ornithological accounts dates back to 1758 (Pittie 2010), and in the early 19^th Century, many observations on birds were published by Indian royalties and the British. Edward Butler published a catalog of 1,008 species of Birds of Sind, Cutch (Kutch), Ka’thia’war (Saurashtra), northern Gujarat, and Mount Aboo in 1879 (Butler 1879). Birds of Kutch and Birds of Saurashtra were published in the middle of the 19^th Century comprising 255 and 444 bird species, respectively (Ali 1945; Dharmakumarsinhji 1955). The checklist of birds of Gujarat was published by Bird Conservation Society, Gujarat, which lists a total of 526 species (Parasharya et al. 2004). Later, this checklist was updated in 2016 with a total of 574 species (Ganpule 2016). The checklist of birds of Gujarat was further revised and updated in December 2017 with eight new species making a total of 582 (Ganpule 2017). In 2018 and 2019, 16 new bird species were added to the checklist of Gujarat, which makes the total 598.

Rajkot is the fourth largest city in Gujarat, located at the center of peninsular Saurashtra (Anon 2019). The city is surrounded by many reservoirs, urban lakes, grasslands, and scrub forests, which are home to variety of birds. Rajkot has a considerable number of birdwatchers, amateur birders, wildlife photographers, and conservationists, and scattered records of avian fauna are published on various platforms like: eBird, local newspapers, magazines, periodicals, newsletters, and journals (Butler 1879; Santharam 1990; Soni & Pandya 1995; Soni 2014a,b; Karia 2018; Radadia 2018; Raval et al. 2018). However, to date, no systematic checklist of the avifauna of Rajkot District is available. This study was planned to prepare a checklist of avifauna by carrying out a survey of various potential habitats, as well as compiling earlier and present observations from all possible available sources for Rajkot district, with a discussion on probable local extinction in the past three decades (1990–2020).

Materials and Methods

Study Area

The avifaunal survey was conducted in and around Rajkot District, Gujarat, India. Rajkot lies at 128 m and the climate is classified as hot, arid steppes (Zone BSh) by the Köppen-Geiger system (Anon 2020). The area experiences an average annual temperature of 26.7 °C | 80.1 °F and precipitation of 674 mm | 26.5 inches per year. Different types of habitats including wetland, scrubland, agriculture, grassland, and forests were surveyed.

Methods

Primary observations of birds were made by conducting regular field visits in winter, summer and monsoon seasons. Birds were observed in the morning (0600–1000 h) and afternoon (1500–1800 h) with 10X binoculars and a 20–60X spotting scope, and photographs were captured with a DSLR camera with >300 mm focal length lens, and point & shoot bridge cameras with >40X optical zoom. The identification of birds was done with the help of Grimmett et al. (2016). For taxonomy, we followed English as well as scientific names as per Praveen et al. (2020). For evaluation and acceptance of species not observed by us, we followed modified Baidya & Bhagat (2018) for inclusion for species in the Rajkot checklist. Acceptance criterion 1: a sight record of a bird species with a photograph, either available online and/or eBird, or provided to us for scrutiny. Acceptance criterion 2: a sight record with/without photographs but published in reputed journals. A species is considered locally extinct, if not sighted or photographed after 1990 till 2020 (three decades). To retrieve relevant literature, we searched the online ‘Bibliography of South Asian Ornithology’ (http://www.southasiaornith.in/) to prepare a complete checklist of avifaunal diversity of the entire district (Pittie 2020). Birds recorded were categorized according to their migratory and IUCN Red List status.

Results and Discussion

As per annexure 1, we reported 348 species of birds belonging to 74 families and 22 orders from Rajkot District, of which 281 species were observed by us during the survey, and records of 67 species were compiled based on evaluation and acceptance criteria, and past observations through published literature. A total of 124 species are found to breed in Rajkot district. As per Figure 1, the maximum number of species were from the order Passeriformes (140), followed by Charadriiformes (50) and Accipitriformes (28). Anseriformes and Pelecaniformes were represented with 19 species each. As per Figure 2, 146 species are resident, 138 winter visitor, 13 monsoon migrant, 12 vagrant as well as local migrant, and the rest have multiple migratory statuses. Regarding habitat suitability, 116 species are aquatic (wetland dependant), 67 open land, 64 forest, 19 grassland and rest show overlap in habitat preference. Along with the checklist of birds, their migratory/resident status, IUCN status, and habitat preferences are also listed in Annexure 1 and summarised in Figure 3. Currently, on eBird, there are 296 bird species reported from the entire Rajkot district (eBird 2021). As per Figure 4, 316 species belong to Least Concern (LC), 18 species Near Threatened (NT), eight species Vulnerable (VU), two species Endangered (EN), and four species Critically Endangered (CR) as per IUCN.

Khirashara ‘Vidi’ (Vidi in Gujarati: Grassland) houses many bird species like francolins and quails (Galliformes) in monsoon, and also raptors in winter, providing important habitats for avifauna (Soni & Jadav 2007). A small lake situated beside the ‘vidi’ also attracts many migratory waterfowl. Chibhda Vidi and Khambhada Vidi open scrub forest houses Indian Courser Cursorius coromandelicus, Common Cuckoo Cuculus canorus, Montagu’s Harrier Circus pygargus, Greater Short-toed Lark Calandrella brachydactyla, Painted Francolin Francolinus pictus, Savannah Nightjar Caprimulgus affinis, and Indian Nightjar Caprimulgus asiaticus. In Chibhada Vidi a small pond situated in the center, which fills with rainwater in monsoon and lasts till winter, provides drinking water. Aji River 1, Aji River 2, Nyari Dam 1, and Nyari Dam 2 are large-scale irrigation reservoirs that support diving birds such as cormorants, grebes, and pelicans, and also raptors such as Osprey Pandion haliaetus and Brahminy Kite Haliastur indus. River Terns Sterna aurantia have been nesting here for decades. One individual was ringed as a pullet in 1989 was photographed alive after 24 years at the same place (Mashru 2004a; Karia 2016). Banks of these dams act as a roosting place for ducks and waders. A colour aberrant Wood Sandpiper has been reported from here in the past (Khachar 1969). When it starts to dry up in late winter it provides a foraging area for pipits and wagtails. Such irrigation reserves, together with vast agricultural lands, attract migratory cranes in the winter season (Gole 1985). Irrigation reserves have been supporting large heronries in Rajkot for decades (Mashru 2004b, 2006). The Government of Gujarat has implemented the ‘Saurashtra Narmada Avtaran Irrigation’ scheme under which all the dams are filled up to their capacity till summer. Due to this dams are constantly filled at high water levels creating adverse situations for ducks and sandpipers. These dams also support good numbers of flamingos on its peripheries.

In Nyari-1 Dam, two reedbeds are created due to the seepage of water from the dam. These reedbeds houses reed beds specialist birds such as bitterns (three species), crakes (three species), Red Munia Amandava amandava, and Black-breasted Weaver Ploceus benghalensis. Randarda and Lalpari lakes harbor many important migratory waterbirds during winter such as Mallard Anas platyrhynchos and Raptors such as Long-legged Buzzard Buteo rufinus. Infact, the first breeding record of Small Pratincole Glareola lactea is from Lalpari Lake in the year 1968 (Jadav 1968). Many surprising records have been recorded from Rajkot Zoological Park such as White-browed Bulbul Pycnonotus luteolus and Black-naped Oriole Oriolus chinensis (Dhami 2018; Sitapara et al. 2019). A government nursery positioned near the lake provides shelter to many flycatchers and warblers. A Eurasian Scops Owl Otus scops was also sighted here which was the first record of Rajkot district (Radadia 2019).

Conclusion

Rajkot city and the adjacent area contain a variety of excellent habitats for different groups of birds. The district supports over half of the total bird species of Gujarat, and almost 25% of bird species in India. It includes important resident as well as migratory species, including several Red Listed species. Being an important area for avifaunal diversity, sites in and around Rajkot should receive immediate attention for conservation. It is important to note that 17 species have not been sighted since 1990, hence we have listed them as locally extinct, while four other species are listed as data deficient.

For figures - - click here for full PDF

References

Akhtar, S.A. & J.K. Tiwari (1994). Tickell’s Leaf Warbler and Blyth’s Pipit in Dist. Rajkot, Gujarat. Newsletter for Birdwatchers 34(5): 117–118.

Ali, S. (1945). The Birds of Kutch. Oxford University Press. Published for the Govt. of Kutch, 240 pp.

Ali, S. & S.D. Ripley (1987). Compact Handbook of the Birds of India and Pakistan Together with those of Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan and Sri Lanka. Oxford University Press, Delhi, India, 890 pp. 

Andhariya, D. & M. Ghedia (2017). Sighting of Drongo Cuckoo at Hingolgadh, Rajkot Dist. Flamingo 15(1): 16–17.

Anon (2005). Vulture update. Flamingo 3(4): 11.

Anon (2006). Some interesting bird sightings. Flamingo 4(1&2): 21–22. 

Anon (2019). About Rajkot. Accessed on 18 May 2019. from http://www.rmc.gov.in/rmcwebsite/default.aspx

Anon (2020). Rajkot Climate (India). Accessed on 8 April 2020 from https://en.climate-data.org/asia/india/gujarat/rajkot-5989/

Bagda, G. (2014). https://ebird.org/checklist/S24343205 . Downloaded on 15 December 2019.

Baidya, P. & M. Bhagat (2018). A checklist of the birds of Goa. Indian BIRDS 14(1): 1–31.

Bhalodia, R. & A. Mashru (2016). Sighting of Grey Hypocolius in Rajkot and its records from outside Fulay, Kachchh. Flamingo 14(3): 7.

Bilgrami, K.S. (1995). Concept and Conservation of Biodiversity. CBS Publishers and Distributors, Delhi, 425 pp.

Butler, E.A. (1879). A catalogue of the birds of Sind, Cutch, Ka’thia’war, North Gujara’t, and Mount Aboo, including every species known to occur in that tract of country up to date, with references showing where each species is described, and locality marking its distribution so far as is known at present in the tract of country to which the catalogue refers. 1st ed. Bombay: Government Central Press. 83 pp.

Dhami, P. (2018). Short birding notes: Black-napped Oriole in Rajkot. Flamingo 16(2): 21.

Dharmakumarsinhji, R.S. (1955). Birds of Saurashtra, India with additional notes on the birds of Kutch and Gujarat. Published by the Author, Bhavnagar, 561 pp.

Dharmakumarsinhji, R.S. (1968). Occurrence of the House Martin, Delichonurbica (Linn). in Saurashtra, Gujarat. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 65(1): 221–222.

eBird (2021). eBird: An online database of bird distribution and abundance [web application]. eBird, Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, New York. Available: https://ebird.org/india/subnational2/IN-GJ-RA?yr=all . 28 January 2021.

Ganpule, P. (2015). Sympatric breeding of Marshall’s and Common Lora in Hingolgadh, Rajkot District. Flamingo 13(4): 7–9.

Ganpule, P. (2016). The birds of Gujarat: Status and distribution. Flamingo 8(3 &4): 2–40.

Ganpule, P. (2017). First update to the Gujarat checklist: December 2017. Flamingo 15(4): 17–20.

Ganpule, P. & R. Karia (2020). Sightings of Pale Rock Sparrow Carpospiza brachydactyla in Little Rann of Kachchh and near Rajkot. Flamingo 17(4)–18(1): 9

Ghervada, D. (2017). https://ebird.org/checklist/S36645328 . Accessed on 15 December 2019.

Ghervada, D., N. Raval & P. Jani (2017). Orange-headed Thrush near Rajkot. Flamingo 15(3): 23.

Ghervada, D., D. Kotecha & P. Jani (2018a). Nesting of Black-headed Munia near Rajkot. Flamingo 16(3): 20.

Ghervada, D., P. Jani & J. Nakum (2018b). Short birding notes: Common Shelduck in Rajkot. Flamingo 16(4): 22.

Gole, P. (1985). Cranes wintering in Saurashtra. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 81(3): 699–700.

Grimmett, R., C. Inskipp & T. Inskipp (2016). Birds of the Indian Subcontinent, 3^rd edition. Christopher Helm London, 528 pp.

Harington, H.H. (1915). Notes on the Indian timeliides and their allies (laughing thrushes, babblers, etc.) Part III. Family — Timeliidæ. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 23(3): 417–453.

Jadav, K.P. (1968). Pratincoles nesting on Lalpari Lake, a first for Saurashtra. Newsletter for Birdwatchers 8(9): 4–5.

Jani, P., B. Trivedi & J. Rindani (2019). White-winged Tern Chlidonias leucopterus at Rajkot. Flamingo 17(2): 22.

Jebalia, G. (2004). Nirikshan Nondh: Hingolgadh, Charkhala, Khijadiya. Vihang 7(23): 5.

Jhala, R. & D. Hathi (2006). Some Interesting Bird Sightings 8. Flamingo 4(1&2): 21.

Jhala, R.N. (2006). Heronry appreciation programme at Rajkot. Flamingo 3(4): 12.

Karia, R. (2016). Short birding notes: Longevity of a ringed River Tern in Rajkot. Flamingo 14(1): 21.

Karia, R. (2018). Short birding notes: Pintail Snipe in Rajkot. Flamingo 16(2): 23.

Khachar, L. (1958). The Eastern Swift Micropusapus in Saurashtra. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 55(2): 352–353.

Khachar, L. (1961a). Occurrence of the Golden-backed Woodpecker in Jasdan, Saurashtra. Newsletter for Birdwatchers 1(13): 5.

Khachar, L. (1961b). A swallow roost near Rajkot. Newsletter for Birdwatchers 1(7): 2.

Khachar, L. (1969). An albino Wood Sandpiper (Tringa glareola). Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 66(1): 169.

Khacher, S. & T. Mundkur (1988). Sighting of the White capped Bunting Emberiza stewarti (Blyth) in Hingolgadh, Gujarat. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 85(1): 195.

Khacher, S. & T. Mundkur (1990). Sightings of Goshawk Accipiter gentilis in Hingolgadh, Gujarat. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 86(3): 446.

Khacher, S., (1977). Occurrence of the Black Stork (Ciconianigra) in Saurashtra. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 73(2): 390–391.

Kumar, A., J.P. Sati, P.C. Tak & J.R.B. Alfred (2005). Handbook on Indian Wetland Birds and their Conservation. Zoological Survey of India, 218 pp.

Kumar, V. (2015). Biodiversity of Avian Fauna of Vansda National Park, Gujarat: Conservation Issues. Nature Environment and Pollution Technology 14(3): 709–714.

Mashru, A. (2004a). Nesting of River Terns (Sterna aurantia) at Nyari-I, Rajkot. Flamingo 2(1&2): 10.

Mashru, A. (2004b). Heronry at Nyari-1, Rajkot. Flamingo 2(1&2): 11.

Makwana, A. (2005). Moti Chotili Doobki nu Prajanan. Vihang 8(25): 16.

Mashru, A. & Jhala, R. (2005). The Greylag Goose at Rajkot. Flamingo 3(2): 9.

Mashru, A. (2006a). Heronry around Rajkot city. Flamingo 4(1&2): 10.

Mashru, A. (2006b). Some interesting bird sightings. Flamingo 3(4): 14.

Mashru, A. (2007). Some interesting bird sightings 9. Flamingo 4(1&2): 21–22.

Mashru, A. (2009). Inland breeding of Kentish Plover at Nyari-I Dam, Rajkot. Flamingo 7(1&2): 13.

Mashru, A. (2010). Khirasara Vidi. Vihang 4(1): 49–50.

Mashru, A. (2012a). http://orientalbirdimages.org/search.php?Bird_ID=1098&Location=rajkot. Downloaded on 10 April 2020.

Mashru, A. (2012b). Randarda Talav khate Makhimaro. Vihang 6(1): 30.

Mashru, A. (2014). Records of Indian Blue Robin Larvivora brunnea from Gujarat, India. Indian Birds 9(5): 160–161.

Mashru, A. (2017a). http://orientalbirdimages.org/search.php?Bird_ID=2030&Location=rajkot. Downloaded on 10 April 2020.

Mashru, A. (2017b). Records of Watercocks in Gujarat. Flamingo 15(1): 17–19.

Mashru, A. (2020). Red-necked Falcon Falco chicquera and Asian Palm Swift Cypsiurus balasiensis – predator and prey together in a Palmyra Palm tree. Flamingo 17(4)–18(1): 14–15

Mathew, K.L., A. Govindan & B.M. Parasharya (1986). White Stork in Rajkot. Newsletter for Birdwatchers 25(11–12): 7–9.

Mori, D., S. Jebalia & V. Joshi (2017). Recent sightings of Lesser Florican in Gujarat. Flamingo. 15(4): 1–6.

Moteria, S. (2018). https://ebird.org/checklist/S48431834 . Downloaded from on 15 December 2019.

Mundkur, T. & R. Parvez (1990). Sight record of Red-necked Grebe Podiceps griseigena near Rajkot, Gujarat. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 86(3): 440.

Mundkur, T. (1992). Breeding of one-year-old Indian River Terns. Colonial Waterbirds 15(1): 144–147.

Naik, R.M., M.S. Murthy, Y.N. Rao, T. Mundkur & T. Pravez (1990). Ecology of Hingolgadh Nature Educational Sanctuary. Final Report. WWF-India Sponsored Research Project. Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, 121 pp.

Newton, Ian. (1995). The Contribution of Some Recent Research on Birds to Ecological Understanding. The Journal of Animal Ecology 64(6): 675. https://doi.org/10.2307/5848

Panchasara, J. (2021). Tickell’s Thrush 1st Record sighting & photographed at Rajkot. (RMC area) Dt 31 March 2021 available at https://www.instagram.com/p/CNKU8mIgxt-/ Retrieved 02 April 2021.

Parasharya, B.M. & R. Vyas (2003). Status of Brown Rock Chat Cercomelafusca in Gujarat state. Newsletter for Birdwatchers 43(3): 37–38.

Parasharya, B.M., C.K. Borad & D.N. Rank (2004). A Checklist of Birds of Gujarat. Bird Conservation Society, Gujarat.

Pittie, A. (2010). A bibliography of ornithology in Gujarat, India: 1758–2010. Indian BIRDS 6(4&5): 10–7136.

Pittie, A. (2020). Bibliography of South Asian Ornithology. Retrieved 18 January 2019 from http://www.southasiaornith.in.

Praveen J., R. Jayapal & A. Pittie (2020). Checklist of the Birds of India (v4.0). Accessed on 20 June 2020. http://www.indianbirds.in/india/20

Radadia, H. (2018). A ‘putative’ Eastern Yellow Wagtail from Gondal, Rajkot District. Flamingo 16(2): 9–11.

Radadia, H., K. Sharma, J. Leuva & J. Kalavadiya (2019). Sightings of Eurasian Scops Owl Otus scops from Rajkot and Amreli. Flamingo 17(2): 13–14.

Rahmani, A.R. & R. Manakadan (1990): The past and present distribution of Great Indian Bustard Ardeotisnigriceps in India. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 87(2): 175–194

Raol, A.L. (1963). Birdwatching around Rajkot. Newsletter for Birdwatchers 3(7): 6–7.

Raval, N., T. Patel & T. Vagadiya (2018). Spotted Crake in Rajkot. Flamingo 16(1): 24.

Rindani, J. (2017). https://ebird.org/india/checklist/S43999245 . Accessed on 15 December 2019.

Rindani, J. & A. Joshi (2018). Striolated Bunting in Khirasara Grassland, Rajkot. Flamingo 16(4): 21.

Rotenberry J.T. & J.A. Wiens (2009). Habitat relations of shrub steppe birds: a 20-year retrospective habitat. The Condor 111: 401–413. https://doi.org/10.1525/cond.2009.090015

Sanghani, T. (2000). Kunj ni Mojani. Vihang 9: 9

Santharam, V. (1989). https://ebird.org/india/checklist/S54539295. Accessed on 15 December 2019.

Santharam, V. (1990). https://ebird.org/india/checklist/S54574710. Accessed on 15 December 2019.

Shah, S., Shah, N., & B. Trivedi (2005) .Nyari Dam khate Safed Dhonk. Vihang 8(25): 15

Shivrajkumar, Y. (1964). New bird records from Saurashtra. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society. 61(2): 446.

Shivrajkumar, Y. (1990). Occurrence of the White-rumped Swift (Apus pacificus) at Hingolgadh, Jasdan, Gujarat. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society. 60(3): 731.

Singhal, S. (2013). http://orientalbirdimages.org/search.php?Bird_ID=976&Location=rajkot. Accessed on 10 April 2020.

Sitapara, P., H. Sureja & J. Rathod (2019). Grey Hypocolius Hypocolius ampelinus near Rajkot. Flamingo 17(1): 22.

Sitapara, P., H. Sureja & J. Rathod (2019). White-browed Bulbul (Pycnonotus luteolus) near Rajkot. Flamingo 17(2): 24.

Sojitra, M. (2019). https://ebird.org/checklist/S51245763 . Accessed on 15 December 2019.

Solanki, C., Y. Bhatia & D. Vargiya (2021). Jamnagar wetlands, Gujarat, India: Asia’s most important wintering ground for Crab-plover Dromas ardeola. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 118 (January- December 2021): 148–151.

Soni, H.B. (2014a). Chronological Perspectives and Bibliographical Milestones in Ornithology of Gujarat State, India: A Five Years Journey (2010-2014) – Part I. Newsletter for Birdwatchers 54(4): 43–46.

Soni, H.B. (2014b). Chronological Perspectives and Bibliographical Milestones in Ornithology of Gujarat State, India: A Five Years Journey (2010-2014) – Part II. Newsletter for Birdwatchers 54(5): 52–56.

Soni, V.C. & V.K. Pandya (1995). Breeding of Painted Snipe Rostratula bengalensis at Rajkot. Newsletter for Birdwatchers 35(5): 96.

Soni, V.C. & R. Jadav (2007). Ecological importance of the KhirasaraVidi (Grassland) Gujarat, India, considering avifauna as an indicator group. Newsletter for Birdwatchers 46(6): 83–86.

Sucheria, S. (2018). Chestnut-tailed Starling near Rajkot. Flamingo 16(3): 20.

Thakkar, P. (2017). http://birdsofgujarat.co.in/districtwise_bird_detail.php?id=5900 . Accessed on 15 December 2019.

Theba, I., B. Trivedi & N. Theba (2019). Observations on nesting of Indian Pitta Pittabrachyuraat Hingolgadh Nature Education Society, near Rajkot. Flamingo 17(1): 14–16.

Tiwari, J.K. (2010). Gujarat: birding destination par excellence. Indian Birds 6(4&5): 88–90.

Trivedi, B.N. (2003). A visit to Hingolgadh. Flamingo 1(3&4): 1–2.

Trivedi, K. & A. Trivedi (2018). Courtship display and mating of Mallard in the winter near Rajkot. Flamingo 16(2): 17.

Vagadiya, T. (2016). https://ebird.org/checklist/S30680322 . Accessed on 15 December 2019.

Vagadiya, T. (2018). Short birding notes: Grasshopper Warbler near Rajkot. Flamingo 16(1): 22.

Vala, M. (2018). Black-winged Kite preying on a Spotted Crake. Flamingo 16(1): 12–13.

Vyas, G.P. (1978). Black Capped Kingfisher Halcyon pileata (Boddaert). Newsletter for Birdwatchers 18(6): 11–12.

Annexure 1. Checklist of Rajkot birds with migratory status, Redlist status, preferred habitats, and breeding.

	Species	Status in Gujarat	IUCN Red List Category	Habitat	Breeding	eBird/ Media	Publication	Pers. Comm.	Data Deficient / Local Extinctiction	References
	I. Anseriformes
	1. Anatidae (ducks, geese, swans)
1	Lesser Whistling Duck Dendrocygna javanica	R	LC	A
2	Bar-headed Goose Anser indicus	WM	LC	A
3	Greylag Goose Anser anser	WM	LC	A			Y			Mashru & Jhala 2005
4	Knob-billed Duck Sarkidiornis melanotos	R	LC	A	Y
5	Ruddy Shelduck Tadorna ferruginea	WM	LC	A
6	Common Shelduck Tadorna tadorna	WM	LC	A			Y			Gherwada et al. 2018b
7	Cotton Teal Nettapus coromandelianus	R	LC	A						Photographed on 2.iii.2009 at Randarda lake by Bhavesh Trivedi
8	Garganey Spatula querquedula	WM	LC	A
9	Northern Shoveler Spatula clypeata	WM	LC	A
10	Gadwall Mareca strepera	WM	LC	A
11	Eurasian Wigeon Mareca penelope	WM	LC	A
12	Indian Spot-billed Duck Anas poecilorhyncha	R	LC	A	Y
13	Mallard Anas platyrhynchos	WM	LC	A			Y			Trivedi & Trivedi 2018
14	Northern Pintail Anas acuta	WM	LC	A
15	Common Teal Anas crecca	WM	LC	A
16	Red-crested Pochard Netta rufina	WM	LC	A		Y				Santharam 1989
17	Common Pochard Aythya ferina	WM	VU	A
18	Ferruginous Duck Aythya nyroca	WM	NT	A
19	Tufted Duck Aythya fuligula	WM	LC	A
	II. Galliformes
	2. Phasianidae (partridges, pheasants, grouse)
20	Indian Peafowl Pavo cristatus	R	LC	O	Y
21	Common Quail Coturnix coturnix	WM	LC	G			Y			Mashru 2010
22	Rain Quail Coturnix coromandelica	MM	LC	G	Y
23	Rock Bush Quail Perdicula argoondah	R	LC	G	Y
24	Painted Francolin Francolinus pictus	R	LC	G	Y
25	Grey Francolin Francolinus pondicerianus	R	LC	O/G	Y
	III. Phoenicopteriformes
	3. Phoenicopteridae (flamingos)
26	Greater Flamingo Phoenicopterus roseus	R	LC	A
27	Lesser Flamingo Phoeniconaias minor	R	NT	A
	IV. Podicipediformes
	4. Podicipedidae (grebes)
28	Little Grebe Tachybaptus ruficollis	R	LC	A	Y
29	Red-necked Grebe Podiceps grisegena	V	LC	A			Y			Mundkur 1990
30	Great Crested Grebe Podiceps cristatus	R/LM	LC	A	Y			Y		Makawana 2005
	V. Columbiformes
	5. Columbidae (pigeons)
31	Rock Pigeon Columba livia	R	LC	O	Y
32	Eurasian Collared Dove Streptopelia decaocto	R	LC	O	Y
33	Red Collared Dove Streptopelia tranquebarica	R	LC	F	Y
34	Spotted Dove Streptopelia chinensis	R	LC	F	Y
35	Laughing Dove Streptopelia senegalensis	R	LC	O	Y
36	Yellow-footed Green Pigeon Treron phoenicopterus	R/LM	LC	F
	VI. Pterocliformes
	6. Pteroclidae (sandgrouse)
37	Chestnut-bellied Sandgrouse Pterocles exustus	R	LC	O	Y
38	Painted Sandgrouse Pterocles indicus	R	LC	F		Y				Ghervada 2017
	VII. Otidiformes
	7. Otididae (bustards)
39	Great Indian Bustard Ardeotis nigriceps	R	CR	O/G			Y		X	Rahmani & Manakadan 1990
40	Macqueen's Bustard Chlamydotis macqueenii	WM	VU	O		Y				Sojitra 2019
41	Lesser Florican Sypheotides indicus	MM	EN	G			Y		X	Mori et al. 2017
	VIII. Cuculiformes
	8. Cuculidae (cuckoos)
42	Greater Coucal Centropus sinensis	R	LC	F	Y
43	Sirkeer Malkoha Taccocua leschenaultii	R	LC	O	Y					Photographed on 01.iv.2017 at Gadhka village by Dhaval Vargiya
44	Pied Cuckoo Clamator jacobinus	MM	LC	F	Y
45	Asian Koel Eudynamys scolopaceus	R	LC	F	Y
46	Grey-bellied Cuckoo Cacomantis passerinus	R/MM	LC	O/F
47	Square-tailed Drongo Cuckoo Surniculus lugubris	MM	LC	O/F			Y			Andhariya & Ghedia 2017
48	Common Hawk Cuckoo Hierococcyx varius	R/MM	LC	O/F	Y
49	Common Cuckoo Cuculus canorus	MM/PM	LC	F
	IX. Caprimulgiformes
	9. Caprimulgdae (nightjars)
50	Jungle Nightjar Caprimulgus indicus	R	LC	F/O			Y			Naik et al. 1990
51	European Nightjar Caprimulgus europaeus	PM	LC	O			Y		X	Naik et al. 1990
52	Sykes's Nightjar Caprimulgus mahrattensis	WM	LC	O
53	Indian Nightjar Caprimulgus asiaticus	R	LC	F	Y
54	Savanna Nightjar Caprimulgus affinis	R	LC	O
	10. Apodidae (swifts)
55	Alpine Swift Tachymarptis melba	WM	LC	O/F			Y			Trivedi 2003
56	Common Swift Apus apus	V	LC	O/F			Y		X	Khachar 1958
57	Pacific Swift Apus pacificus	V	LC	O/F			Y		X	Khachar 1990
58	Indian House Swift Apus affinis	R	LC	O	Y
59	Asian Palm Swift Cypsiurus balasiensis	R	LC	O
	X. Gruiformes
	11. Rallidae (rails and coots)
60	Western Water Rail Rallus aquaticus	WM	LC	A
61	Spotted Crake Porzana porzana	WM	LC	A			Y			Vala 2018
62	Common Moorhen Gallinula chloropus	R	LC	A	Y
63	Common Coot Fulica atra	R	LC	A	Y
64	Grey-headed Swamphen Porphyrio poliocephalus	R	LC	A	Y
65	Watercock Gallicrex cinerea	MM	LC	A						Seen on 15.vi.2016 at Randarda lake by Bhavesh Trivedi; Mashru 2017b
66	White-breasted Waterhen Amaurornis phoenicurus	R	LC	A	Y
67	Ruddy-breasted Crake Zapornia fusca	R	LC	A
68	Brown Crake Zapornia akool	R	LC	A	Y
69	Baillon's Crake Zapornia pusilla	WM	LC	A
	12. Gruidae (cranes)
70	Demoiselle Crane Grus virgo	WM	LC	A
71	Common Crane Grus grus	WM	LC	A
	XI. Charadriiformes
	13. Burhinidae (thick-knees)
72	Indian Thick-knee Burhinus indicus	R	LC	O	Y
73	Great Thick-knee Esacus recurvirostris	R	NT	O	Y
	14. Recurvirostridae (stilts and avocets)
74	Black-winged Stilt Himantopus himantopus	R	LC	A	Y
75	Pied Avocet Recurvirostra avosetta	WM	LC	A
	15. Haematopodidae (oystercatchers)
76	Eurasian Oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus	WM	LC	A				Y		Seen by Ashok Mashru on 29.iii.1998
	16. Charadriidae (plovers & lapwings)
77	Pacific Golden Plover Pluvialis fulva	WM	LC	A
78	Yellow-wattled Lapwing Vanellus malabaricus	R	LC	O/A	Y
79	Red-wattled Lapwing Vanellus indicus	R	LC	O/A	Y
80	White-tailed Lapwing Vanellus leucurus	WM	LC	A
81	Lesser Sand Plover Charadrius mongolus	WM	LC	A
82	Kentish Plover Charadrius alexandrinus	R	LC	A	Y		Y			Mashru 2009
83	Little Ringed Plover Charadrius dubius	R	LC	A	Y
	17. Rostratulidae (painted-snipe)
84	Greater Painted-snipe Rostratula benghalensis	WM	LC	A
	19. Jacanidae (jacanas)
85	Pheasant-tailed Jacana Hydrophasianus chirurgus	MM	LC	A
86	Bronze-winged Jacana Metopidius indicus	R	LC	A
	20. Scolopacidae (sandpipers)
87	Eurasian Curlew Numenius arquata	WM	NT	A				Y		Raju Karia pers. comm.
88	Bar-tailed Godwit Limosa lapponica	WM	NT	A			Y		X	Raol 1963
89	Black-tailed Godwit Limosa limosa	WM	NT	A
90	Ruddy Turnstone Arenaria interpres	WM	LC	A				Y		Seen by Raju Karia on 19.v.2020
91	Ruff Calidris pugnax	WM	LC	A
92	Curlew Sandpiper Calidris ferruginea	WM	NT	A
93	Temminck's Stint Calidris temminckii	WM	LC	A
94	Little Stint Calidris minuta	WM	LC	A
95	Common Snipe Gallinago gallinago	WM	LC	A
96	Pintail Snipe Gallinago stenura	WM	LC	A			Y			Karia 2018
97	Common Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos	WM	LC	A
98	Green Sandpiper Tringa ochropus	WM	LC	A
99	Spotted Redshank Tringa erythropus	WM	LC	A
100	Common Greenshank Tringa nebularia	WM	LC	A
101	Marsh Sandpiper Tringa stagnatilis	WM	LC	A
102	Wood Sandpiper Tringa glareola	WM	LC	A						Khachar 1969
103	Common Redshank Tringa totanus	WM	LC	A
	21. Turnicidae (buttonquails)
104	Small Buttonquail Turnix sylvaticus	MM	LC	F	Y
105	Yellow-legged Buttonquail Turnix tanki	MM	LC	G	Y
106	Barred Buttonquail Turnix suscitator	R	LC	F	Y
	22. Glareolidae (coursers and pratincoles)
107	Indian Courser Cursorius coromandelicus	LM	LC	O	Y
108	Collared Pratincole Glareola pratincola	R/LM	LC	A
109	Oriental Pratincole Glareola maldivarum	R/LM	LC	A						Seen on 14.xii.2011 at Lalpari Lake by Dhaval Vargiya
110	Small Pratincole Glareola lactea	MM/R	LC	A	Y
	23. Laridae (gulls and terns)
111	Black-headed Gull Chroicocephalus ridibundus	WM	LC	A
112	Brown-headed Gull Chroicocephalus brunnicephalus	WM	LC	A
113	Pallas's Gull Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus	WM	LC	A
114	Lesser Black-backed Gull Larus fuscus	WM	LC	A
115	Little Tern Sternula albifrons	R	LC	A
116	Gull-billed Tern Gelochelidon nilotica	WM	LC	A
117	Caspian Tern Hydroprogne caspia	WM	LC	A
118	White-winged Tern Chlidonias leucopterus	PM/WM	LC	A			Y			Jani et al. 2019
119	Whiskered Tern Chlidonias hybrida	R	LC	A
120	Common Tern Sterna hirundo	WM	LC	A				Y		Singhal 2013
121	River Tern Sterna aurantia	R	NT	A	Y
	XII. Ciconiiformes
	24. Ciconiidae (storks)
122	Asian Openbill Anastomus oscitans	R	LC	A	Y
123	Black Stork Ciconia nigra	WM	LC	A			Y			Khachar 1977
124	Woolly-necked Stork Ciconia episcopus	R	VU	A						Photographed on 1.ix.2013 at Randarda Lake by Bhavesh Trivedi
125	European White Stork Ciconia ciconia	WM	LC	A/G			Y		X	Mathew et al. 1986; Shah et al. 2005
126	Black-necked Stork Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus	R	NT	A			Y			Mashru 2006b
127	Painted Stork Mycteria leucocephala	R	NT	A	Y
	XIII. Suliformes
	25. Anhingidae (darters)
128	Oriental Darter Anhinga melanogaster	R	NT	A
	26. Phalacrocoracidae (cormorants)
129	Little Cormorant Microcarbo niger	R	LC	A	Y
130	Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo	R	LC	A	Y
131	Indian Cormorant Phalacrocorax fuscicollis	R	LC	A
	XIV. Pelecaniformes
	27. Pelecanidae (pelicans)
132	Great White Pelican Pelecanus onocrotalus	WM	LC	A
133	Dalmatian Pelican Pelecanus crispus	WM	NT	A
	28. Ardeidae (herons)
134	Yellow Bittern Ixobrychus sinensis	MM	LC	A	Y
135	Cinnamon Bittern Ixobrychus cinnamomeus	MM	LC	A	Y
136	Black Bittern Ixobrychus flavicollis	MM	LC	A
137	Grey Heron Ardea cinerea	R	LC	A	Y
138	Purple Heron Ardea purpurea	R	LC	A	Y
139	Great Egret Ardea alba	R	LC	A	Y
140	Intermediate Egret Ardea intermedia	R	LC	A	Y
141	Little Egret Egretta garzetta	R	LC	A	Y
142	Western Reef Egret Egretta gularis	R/WM	LC	A						Photographed on 22.viii.2019 at Nyari-1 Dam by Trivedi & Mashru 2012a
143	Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis	R	LC	A	Y
144	Indian Pond Heron Ardeola grayii	R	LC	A	Y
145	Striated Heron Butorides striata	R	LC	A
146	Black-crowned Night Heron Nycticorax nycticorax	R	LC	A	Y
	29. Theskiornithidae (ibises)
147	Glossy Ibis Plegadis falcinellus	R/LM	LC	A
148	Black-headed Ibis Threskiornis melanocephalus	R	NT	A	Y
149	Red-naped Ibis Pseudibis papillosa	R/LM	LC	A	Y
150	Eurasian Spoonbill Platalea leucorodia	R	LC	A	Y
	XV. Accipitriformes
	30. Pandionidae (Osprey)
151	Osprey Pandion haliaetus	R	LC	F/O/A
	31. Accipitridae (kites, hawks and eagles)
152	Black-winged Kite Elanus caeruleus	R	LC	F	Y
153	Black Eagle Ictinaetus malaiensis	WM	LC	F						Photographed on 23.xii.2020 by Bhavesh Trivedi
154	Egyptian Vulture Neophron percnopterus	R/WM	EN	O						Seen on xii.1998 at Sat Hanuman near Rajkot City by Bhavesh Trivedi
155	Oriental Honey Buzzard Pernis ptilorhynchus	WM	LC	G
156	Red-headed Vulture Sarcogyps calvus	R	CR	O/F			Y		X	Naik et al. 1990
157	White-rumped Vulture Gyps bengalensis	R	CR	O			Y			Santharam 1990; Anon 2005
158	Indian Vulture Gyps indicus	R	CR	O			Y		X	Naik et al. 1990
159	Griffon Vulture Gyps fulvus	WM	LC	O			Y			Naik et al. 1990
160	Crested Serpent Eagle Spilornis cheela	WM	LC	G			Y			Mashru 2007
161	Short-toed Snake Eagle Circaetus gallicus	WM	LC	G
162	Indian Spotted Eagle Clanga hastata	WM/R	VU	O/G				Y		Raju Karia pers. comm.
163	Greater Spotted Eagle Clanga clanga	WM	VU	G
164	Booted Eagle Hieraaetus pennatus	WM	LC	O/G						Seen on 5.xii.2016 at Gadhaka by Dhaval Vargiya & Photographed on 14.x.2017 at Khirarsara Vidi by Bhavesh Trivedi.
165	Tawny Eagle Aquila rapax	LM	VU	O/G						Naik et al. 1990
166	Bonelli's Eagle Aquila fasciata	R	LC	O/G						Seen on 2.xii.2016 at Gadhaka by Dhaval Vargiya & Photographed on 19.ii.2020 at Khirarsara Vidi by Bhavesh Trivedi.
167	White-eyed Buzzard Butastur teesa	R	LC	O
168	Western Marsh Harrier Circus aeruginosus	WM	LC	G
169	Pallid Harrier Circus macrourus	WM	NT	G
170	Montagu's Harrier Circus pygargus	WM	LC	G
171	Shikra Accipiter badius	R	LC	O/G/F	Y
172	Eurasian Sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus	WM	LC	O
173	Northern Goshawk Accipiter gentilis	V	LC	O/F			Y		X	Khachar & Mundkur 1990
174	Red Kite Milvus milvus	V	NT	O			Y		X	Shivrajkumar 1964
175	Black Kite Milvus migrans	R	LC	G	Y
176	Brahminy Kite Haliastur indus	R	LC	G
177	Common Buzzard Buteo buteo	WM	LC	O
178	Long-legged Buzzard Buteo rufinus	WM	LC	O/G/A				Y		Raju Karia pers. comm. 2020
	XVI. Strigiformes
	32. Tytonidae (barn owls)
179	Common Barn Owl Tyto alba	R	LC	F	Y
	33. Strigidae (owls)
180	Eurasian Scops Owl Otus scops	V	LC	G			Y			Radadia et al. 2019
181	Pallid Scops Owl Otus brucei	WM	LC	F
182	Indian Eagle Owl Bubo bengalensis	R	LC	O/G	Y
183	Spotted Owlet Athene brama	R	LC	F	Y
184	Mottled Wood Owl Strix ocellata	R	LC	F			Y			Naik et al. 1990
185	Short-eared Owl Asio flammeus	LM	LC	G
	XVII. Bucerotiformes
	34. Upupidae (hoopoes)
186	Common Hoopoe Upupa epops	LM	LC	G
	XIX. Coraciiformes
	35. Alcedinidae (kingfishers)
187	Common Kingfisher Alcedo atthis	R	LC	A
188	White-throated Kingfisher Halcyon smyrnensis	R	LC	A	Y
189	Black Capped Kingfisher Halcyon pileata	R/LM	LC	A			Y			Vyas 1978; Sanghani 2000
190	Pied Kingfisher Ceryle rudis	R	LC	A	Y
	37. Meropidae (bee-eaters)
191	Green Bee-eater Merops orientalis	R	LC	O/A/F/G	Y
192	Blue-cheeked Bee-eater Merops persicus	WM	LC	A/O			Y			Jhala 2006
193	Blue-tailed Bee-eater Merops philippinus	LM	LC	A/O						Photographed on 5.xii.2019 at Randarda Lake by Bhavesh Trivedi.
	38. Coraciidae (rollers)
194	European Roller Coracias garrulus	WM	LC	O
195	Indian Roller Coracias benghalensis	R	LC	O
	XX. Piciformes
	39. Megalaimidae (barbets)
196	Coppersmith Barbet Psilopogon haemacephalus	R	LC	F	Y
	40. Picidae (woodpeckers)
197	Eurasian Wryneck Jynx torquilla	WM	LC	F
198	Yellow-fronted Pied Woodpecker Leiopicus mahrattensis	R	LC	F	Y
199	Black-rumped Flameback Dinopium benghalense	R	LC	F	Y		Y			Khachar 1961a
	XXI.Falconiformes
	41. Falconidae (falcons and caracaras)
200	Common Kestrel Falco tinnunculus	WM	LC	O/G
201	Red-necked Falcon Falco chicquera	R	NT	F	Y					Mashru 2020
202	Amur Falcon Falco amurensis	PM	LC	O/G		Y				Rindani 2017
203	Eurasian Hobby Falco subbuteo	PM	LC	O/G			Y			Jhala & Hathi 2006
204	Laggar Falcon Falco jugger	R	NT	O/G			Y			Trivedi 2003
205	Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus	WM	LC	O/A
	XXII. Psittaciformes
	42. Psittacuildae (Old World parrots)
206	Alexandrine Parakeet Psittacula eupatria	R	NT	O
207	Rose-ringed Parakeet Psittacula krameri	R	LC	O	Y
208	Plum-headed Parakeet Psittacula cyanocephala	R	LC	F
	XXIII. Passeriformes
	43. Pittidae (pittas)
209	Indian Pitta Pitta brachyura	MM	LC	F	Y		Y			Theba et al. 2019
	44. Campephagidae (minivets and cuckooshrikes)
210	White-bellied Minivet Pericrocotus erythropygius	R	LC	O/F		Y				Vagadia 2016
211	Small Minivet Pericrocotus cinnamomeus	R	LC	O/F	Y
212	Large Cuckooshrike Coracina javensis	WM	LC	F
213	Black-headed Cuckooshrike Lalage melanoptera	R	LC	F	Y		Y			Mashru 2006b
	45. Oriolidae (orioles, figbirds and allies)
214	Indian Golden Oriole Oriolus kundoo	R	LC	F	Y
215	Black-naped Oriole Oriolus chinensis	V	LC	F			Y			Dhami, 2018
	46. Vangidae (vangas and helmet-shrikes)
216	Common Woodshrike Tephrodornis pondicerianus	WM	LC	F	Y
	47. Aegithinidae (ioras)
217	Common Iora Aegithina tiphia	R	LC	F	Y
218	Marshall's Iora Aegithina nigrolutea	R	LC	O/F	Y		Y			Ganpule 2015
	48. Rhipiduridae (fantails)
219	White-browed Fantail Rhipidura aureola	R	LC	F	Y
	49. Dicruridae (drongos)
220	Black Drongo Dicrurus macrocercus	R	LC	O/F	Y
221	Ashy Drongo Dicrurus leucophaeus	R	LC	F
222	White-bellied Drongo Dicrurus caerulescens	WM	LC	F
	50. Monarchidae (monarchs & paradise-flycatchers)
223	Black-naped Monarch Hypothymis azurea	R	LC	F	Y
224	Indian Paradise-flycatcher Terpsiphone paradisi	R/LM	LC	F	Y
	51. Laniidae (shrikes)
225	Red-backed Shrike Lanius collurio	PM	LC	O/G
226	Red-tailed Shrike Lanius phoenicuroides	PM	LC	O/G
227	Isabelline Shrike Lanius isabellinus	WM	LC	O/G
228	Brown Shrike Lanius cristatus	WM	LC	F			Y			Mashru 2012b
229	Bay-backed Shrike Lanius vittatus	R	LC	O/G	Y
230	Long-tailed Shrike Lanius schach	R	LC	F	Y
231	Great Grey Shrike Lanius excubitor	WM	LC	F
	52. Corvidae (crows and jays)
232	Rufous Treepie Dendrocitta vagabunda	LM	LC	O/F	Y
233	House Crow Corvus splendens	R	LC	O	Y
234	Large-billed Crow Corvus macrorhynchos	R	LC	F/O			Y			Naik et al. 1990
	53. Stenostiridae (fairy-flycatcher and crested-flycatchers)
235	Grey-headed Canary-flycather Culicicapa ceylonesis	WM	LC	F
	54. Alaudidae (larks)
236	Rufous-tailed Lark Ammomanes phoenicura	R	LC	O/G				Y		Mashru, 2017a
237	Ashy-crowned Sparrow Lark Eremopterix griseus	R	LC	O	Y
238	Singing Bushlark Mirafra cantillans	R	LC	O
239	Indian Bushlark Mirafra erythroptera	R	LC	O	Y
240	Greater Short-toed Lark Calandrella brachydactyla	WM	LC	O
241	Sykes's Short-toed Lark Calandrella dukhunensis	WM	LC	O/F			Y		DD	Naik et al. 1990
242	Crested Lark Galerida cristata	R	LC	O	Y			Y		Seen by Ashok Mashru on 11.iii.2012
243	Sykes's Lark Galerida deva	R	LC	O/G	Y
	55. Cisticolidae (prinias and cisticolas)
244	Common Tailorbird Orthotomus sutorius	R	LC	G/F	Y
245	Rufous-fronted Prinia Prinia buchanani	R	LC	O/F	Y
246	Grey-breasted Prinia Prinia hodgsonii	R	LC	G/F	Y
247	Graceful Prinia Prinia gracilis	R	LC	O			Y		DD	Naik et al. 1990
248	Jungle Prinia Prinia sylvatica	R	LC	O/G	Y
249	Ashy Prinia Prinia socialis	R	LC	G/F	Y
250	Plain Prinia Prinia inornata	R	LC	G/F	Y
251	Zitting Cisticola Cisticola juncidis	R	LC	G/F	Y
	56. Acrocephalidae (brush, reed and swamp warblers)
252	Booted Warbler Iduna caligata	WM	LC	O
253	Sykes's Warbler Iduna rama	WM	LC	G/F
254	Paddyfield Warbler Acrocephalus agricola	R	LC	O
255	Blyth's Reed Warbler Acrocephalus dumetorum	WM	LC	G/F
256	Clamorous Reed Warbler Acrocephalus stentoreus	WM	LC	F/G
	57. Locustellidae (bush warblers)
257	Grasshopper Warbler Locustella naevia	WM	LC	G/O			Y			Vagadiya 2018
	58. Hirundinidae (swallows)
258	Grey-throated Martin Riparia chinensis	R	LC	O				Y		Raju Karia pers. comm.
259	Sand Martin Riparia riparia	WM	LC	O			Y		DD	Khachar 1961b
260	Pale Martin Riparia diluta	WM	LC	O			Y		DD	Naik et al. 1990
261	Eurasian Crag Martin Ptyonoprogne rupestris	WM	LC	O			Y			Naik et al. 1990
262	Dusky Crag Martin Ptyonoprogne concolor	R	LC	O	Y
263	Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica	WM	LC	O
264	Wire-tailed Swallow Hirundo smithii	R	LC	O	Y
265	Red-rumped Swallow Cecropis daurica	R	LC	O	Y
266	Streak-throated Swallow Petrochelidon fluvicola	R	LC	O	Y
267	Northern House Martin Delichon urbicum	V	LC	O			Y			Dharma-kumarsinhji 1968
	59. Pycnonotidae (bulbuls)
268	Red-vented Bulbul Pycnonotus cafer	R	LC	O	Y
269	White-browed Bulbul Pycnonotus luteolus	R	LC	F			Y			Sitapara et al. 2019
	60. Phylloscopidae (Old world leaf warblers)
270	Hume's Warbler Phylloscopus humei	WM	LC	O
271	Sulphur-bellied Warbler Phylloscopus griseolus	WM	LC	G/F
272	Tickell's Leaf Warbler Phylloscopus affinis	WM	LC	F			Y			Akhtar& Tiwari 1994
273	Common Chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita	WM	LC	G/F
274	Green Warbler Phylloscopus nitidus	WM	LC	F				Y
275	Greenish Warbler Phylloscopus trochiloides	WM	LC	G/F
276	Western Crowned Warbler Phylloscopus occipitalis	WM	LC	F			Y		X	Shivrajkumar 1964
	61. Sylviidae (Sylviid warblers)
277	Lesser Whitethroat Sylvia curruca	WM	LC	O
278	Eastern Orphean Warbler Sylvia crassirostris	WM	LC	F
279	Common Whitethroat Sylvia communis	PM	LC	O						Moteria 2018
	62 . Paradoxornithidae (Parrotbills, Fulvettas, & Myzornis)
280	Yellow-eyed Babbler Chrysomma sinense	MM	LC	F	Y
	63. Zosteropidae (white-eyes and yuhinas)
281	Indian White-eye Zosterops palpebrosus	R	LC	F	Y
	64. Leiothrichidae (babbler, laughingthrushes and allies)
282	Quaker Tit Babbler Alcippe poioicephala	V/R	LC	F			Y		X	Harington 1915
283	Jungle Babbler Argya striata	R	LC	F/O	Y
284	Common Babbler Argya caudata	R	LC	O	Y
285	Large Grey Babbler Argya malcolmi	R	LC	O/F	Y
	65. Sturnidae (starlings)
286	Rosy Starling Pastor roseus	LM	LC	O/F
287	Brahminy Starling Sturnia pagodarum	WM	LC	O/F	Y
288	Chestnut-tailed Starling Sturnia malabarica	WM	LC	F			Y			Sucheria 2018
289	Common Myna Acridotheres tristis	R	LC	O/F	Y
290	Bank Myna Acridotheres ginginianus	WM	LC	O/F	Y
	66. Turdidae (thrushes)
291	Orange-headed Thrush Geokichla citrina	V/MM	LC	F			Y			Ghervada et al. 2017
292	Tickell's Thrush Turdus unicolor	WM	LC	F		Y				Panchasara 2021
	67. Muscicapidae (chats and flycatchers)
293	Asian Brown Flycatcher Muscicapa dauurica	WM	LC	F
294	Brown-breasted Flycatcher Muscicapa muttui	WM	LC	F
295	Spotted Flycatcher Muscicapa striata	PM	LC	O/G
296	Indian Robin Saxicoloides fulicatus	R	LC	O/F/G	Y
297	Oriental Magpie Robin Copsychus saularis	R	LC	O/F	Y
298	Tickell's Blue Flycatcher Cyornis tickelliae	WM/R	LC	F
299	Verditer Flycatcher Eumyias thalassinus	WM	LC	F
300	Indian Blue Robin Larvivora brunnea	V	LC	F			Y			Mashru 2014
301	Bluethroat Luscinia svecica	WM	LC	F
302	Ultramarine flycatcher Ficedula superciliaris	WM	LC	F
303	Rusty-tailed Flycatcher Ficedula ruficauda	PM/V	LC	F			Y		X	Naik et al. 1990
304	Taiga flycatcher Ficedula albicilla	WM	LC	F
305	Kashmir Flycatcher Ficedula subrubra	WM	VU	F		Y				Bagda 2014
306	Red-breasted Flycatcher Ficedula parva	WM	LC	F
307	Black Redstart Phoenicurus ochruros	WM	LC	O/F
308	Blue-capped Rock Thrush Monticola cinclorhyncha	WM	LC	F			Y		X	Naik et al. 1990
309	Blue Rock Thrush Monticola solitarius	R	LC	O/G
310	Stoliczka's Bushchat Saxicola macrorhynchus	WM	VU	O/G				Y		Raju Karia pers. comm.
311	Siberian Stonechat Saxicola maurus	WM	LC	O
312	Pied Bushchat Saxicola caprata	WM	LC	O
313	Isabelline Wheatear Oenanthe isabellina	WM	LC	O
314	Desert Wheatear Oenanthe deserti	WM	LC	O
315	Brown Rock Chat Oenanthe fusca	R	LC	O			Y			Parasharya & Vyas 2003
316	Variable Wheatear Oenanthe picata	WM	LC	O
317	Red-tailed Wheatear Oenanthe chrysopygia	V	LC	O
	68. Hypocoliidae (hypocolius and allies)
318	Grey Hypocolius Hypocolius ampelinus	WM	LC	O			Y			Bhalodia & Mashru 2016; Sitapara et al. 2019
	69. Dicaeidae (flowerpeckers)
319	Thick-billed Flowerpecker Dicaeum agile	R	LC	F			Y			Thakkar 2017
	70. Nectariniidae (sunbirds)
320	Purple Sunbird Cinnyris asiaticus	R	LC	O/F/G	Y
	71. Ploceidae (weavers)
321	Baya Weaver Ploceus philippinus	R	LC	F	Y
322	Black-breasted Weaver Ploceus benghalensis	LM	LC	F	Y
	72. Estrildidae (waxbills)
323	Red Munia Amandava amandava	R	LC	G	Y
324	Indian Silverbill Euodice malabarica	R	LC	O/F/G	Y
325	Scaly-breasted Munia Lonchura punctulata	LM	LC	G/A	Y
326	Tricoloured Munia Lonchura malacca	LM	LC	G/A	Y		Y			Ghervada et al. 2018a
	73. Passeridae (sparrows, snowfinches and allies)
327	House Sparrow Passer domesticus	R	LC	O/F	Y
328	Yellow-throated Sparrow Gymnoris xanthocollis	LM	LC	O/F	Y
329	Pale Rock Sparrow Carpospiza brachydactyla	V	LC	O/G				Y		Ganpule & Karia 2020
	74. Motacillidae (wagtails and pipits)
330	Forest Wagtail Dendronanthus indicus	WM	LC	F				Y		Priyank Dhami pers. comm.
331	Grey Wagtail Motacilla cinerea	WM	LC	A
332	Western Yellow Wagtail Motacilla flava	WM	LC	A
333	Eastern Yellow Wagtail Motacilla tschutschensis	WM	LC	A			Y			Radadia 2018
334	Citrine Wagtail Motacilla citreola	WM	LC	A
335	White-browed Wagtail Motacilla maderaspatensis	WM	LC	A	Y
336	White Wagtail Motacilla alba	WM	LC	A
337	Paddyfield Pipit Anthus rufulus	R	LC	O	Y
338	Long-billed Pipit Anthus similis	WM	LC	O						Naik et al. 1990
339	Blyth's Pipit Anthus godlewskii	LM	LC	O		Y
340	Tawny Pipit Anthus campestris	R	LC	O/G
341	Tree Pipit Anthus trivialis	R	LC	O
	75. Fringillidae (finches, euphonias and Hawaiian honeycreepers)
342	Common Rosefinch Carpodacus erythrinus	WM	LC	O/F
	76. Emberizidae (Old World Buntings)
343	Crested Bunting Emberiza lathami	R	LC	F/O	Y		Y			Jebalia 2004
344	Black-headed Bunting Emberiza melanocephala	WM	LC	O
345	White-capped Bunting Emberiza stewarti	WM	LC	O			Y		X	Khacher & Mundkur 1988
346	Grey-necked Bunting Emberiza buchanani	WM	LC	O
347	Ortolan Bunting Emberiza hortulana	V	LC	O			Y		X	Naik et al. 1990
348	Striolated Bunting Emberiza striolata	WM	LC	O/F			Y			Rindani & Joshi 2018

LM—Local Migrant | MM—Monsoon Migrant | PM—Passage Migrant | R—Resident | V—Vagrant | WM—Winter Migrant | CR—Critically Endangered | EN—Endangered | VU—Vulnerable | NT—Near Threatened | LC—Least Concern | A—Aquatic | F—Forest | G—Grassland | O—Open Schrubland | Y—Breeding | DD—Data Deficiant | X—Extinct.