Journal of Threatened Taxa |
www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 June 2021 | 13(7): 18903–18907
ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893
(Print)
https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.5810.13.7.18903-18907
#5810 | Received 25 February 2020 | Final
received 16 December 2020 | Finally accepted 09 May 2021
A new distribution record of stomatopods Odontodactylus
japonicus (De Haan, 1844) and Lysiosquilla
tredecimdentata (Holthuis,
1941) from the Puducherry coastal waters, east coast of India
S. Nithya Mary 1, V. Ravitchandirane 2 & B. Gunalan
3
1,2 Department of Zoology, Kanchi Mamunivar Government
Institute for Postgraduate Studies and Research, Lawspet,
Puducherry 605008, India.
3 Thiru Kolanjiappar Government Arts College, Virudhachalam,
Tamil Nadu 606001, India.
1 sofinithy@gmail.com
(corresponding author), 2 vairavit@yahoo.co.in, 3 aquagunal@gmail.com
Editor: Anonymity
requested. Date of publication:
26 June 2021 (online & print)
Citation: Mary, S.N., V. Ravitchandirane & B. Gunalan (2021). A new distribution record of stomatopods Odontodactylus
japonicus (De Haan, 1844) and Lysiosquilla
tredecimdentata (Holthuis,
1941) from the Puducherry coastal waters, east coast of India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 13(7): 18903–18907. https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.5810.13.7.18903-18907
Copyright: © Mary et al. 2021. Creative Commons Attribution
4.0 International License. JoTT allows unrestricted use, reproduction, and
distribution of this article in any medium by providing adequate credit to the
author(s) and the source of publication.
Funding: Self-funded.
Competing interests: The authors
declare no competing interests.
Acknowledgements: We thank the Director of Kanchi Mamunivar Government Institute
for Postgraduate Studies and Research, Puducherry for allowing us to carry out
this work. We also thank our PG and Research Department of Zoology for their
intellectual support and encouragement. A special thanks to the fishermen of
Puducherry coastal villages who helped us to collect the specimens.
Abstract: Stomatopods
in India are well known with 79 species recorded to date. Here I report the Odontodactylus japonicus (De Haan, 1844) and Golden Mantis Shrimp Lysiosquilla
tredecimdentata Holothuis,
1941 for the first time in Puducherry coastal waters. A single specimen of Lysiosquilla tredecimdentata
was collected from by-catch in the Nallavadu landing
centre, Puducherry coast on 19 November 2019 and two specimens of L. tredecimdentata were recorded again in Pillaichavadi landing centre of Puducherry coast on 22
November 2019. One specimen of Odontodactylus
japonicus was collected at Nallavadu landing
centre, Puducherry coast on 20 December 2019. The present study was undertaken
to identify the status of distribution, habitat, and ecological aspects along
with the information of spread, confinement, endemism as well as rare, threatened
and endangered species. The significance of these new observations is to
discern the taxonomic position and characteristics for better understanding of
the mantis shrimp group. The specimens were identified, described, illustrated,
and measured morphometrically.
Keywords: By-catch, Golden Mantis Shrimp,
morphometric measurements.
Macro invertebrates, especially
crustaceans, molluscs, and echinoderms play an important role in ecological
interdependence with other species and have a marked influence on benthic
community structure (Venkataraman & Wafar 2005; Bijukumar 2008; Wafar et al.
2011). Stomatopods, also called mantis shrimps, are
elongate, flattened, shrimp- or lobster-like crustaceans (Carpenter & Neim 1998) and notable for their aggressive behaviour. Stomatopod crustaceans are common members of benthic
ecosystems in tropical and subtropical marine and brackish waters throughout
the world (Antony et al 2010). The attributed feature of stomatopods
are the large well-built raptorial appendages for capturing the prey by
‘spiking’ or ‘smashing’ depending on the dactyl is extended or held folded
while going on a foray. Stomatopods are prevalent and
appealing inhabitants of coral reefs.
They form a cardinal status in the ocean food chain (Caldwell 2006).
They are a source of food and medicine (Subasinghe
1999). To date, about 485 species, 115 genera, and 17 families of mantis shrimp
are described (WoRMS 25 December 2018). The
diversification of stomatopods in India put the
foundation for the publication of the first monograph of the Indo-Pacific
mantis shrimps (Stomatopoda) (Kemp 1913). Succeedingly, numerous studies drawn out the information of
Indian Stomatopoda (Kemp & Chopra 1921; Shanbogue 1969, 1986; Ghosh 1991, 1995, 1998); the most
recent checklist of Indian stomatopods records 79
species (Roy & Gokul 2012). Although stomatopods
occur along the entire Indian coast, most published records are from localities
on the eastern coast. Recent studies of commercial trawl by-catch primarily
along the southern and southwestern coasts (Tamil Nadu and Kerala) resulted in
numerous new records and discoveries of decapod crustaceans (Komai et al. 2013;
Kumar et al. 2013; Ng et al. 2016, 2017; Yang et al. 2017). The pan tropical stomatopod genus Lysiosquilla,
which includes the largest known stomatopods,
comprises 12 species, five of which are reported in the Indo-West Pacific
region. The odontodactylid mantis shrimp
is the only genus found in the family Odontodactylidae.
These are relatively small when compared to banded mantis shrimp and it
displays rare occurrence in Indian waters. The present study documented the
first record of Odontodactylus japonicus
and Golden Mantis Shrimp Lysiosquilla tredecimdentata from Puducherry coastal waters, eastern
coast of India.
Materials and Methods
A single specimen of L. tredecimdentata was collected from by-catch in the Nallavadu landing centre, Puducherry coast on 19 November
2019 (Image 1) and two specimens of L. tredecimdentata
were recorded again in Pillaichavadi landing centre
of Puducherry coast on 22 November 2019 (Image 3). One specimen of O.
japonicus was collected at Nallavadu landing
centre, Puducherry coast on 20 December 2019 (Image 2). All the specimens were collected as a bycatch by hand
picking and its identification was carried out using standard guidelines
(Manning, 1978; Ahyong et al., 2008). Terminology,
description and morphometric measurements generally follow Manning (1978) and Ahyong (2001).
Results
Odontodactylus japonicus, De Haan,
1844
Class: Malacostraca Latreille, 1802
Order: Stomatopoda
Latreille, 1817
Family: Odontodactylidae
Manning, 1980
Genus: Odontodactylus
Bigelow, 1893
Species: japonicus De Haan, 1844
Material observed: Paratype, ZSI/MBRC-D1-623,
Male, 20.xii.2019, Nallavadu, Puducherry, 11.858N,
79.815E, NW-3543 (Image 2, Table 1), at 18 km, 30 m depth, coll. Nithya Mary
Systematic position
Diagnostic characters
Carapace, thorax, and abdomen
smooth, not trimmed with any longitudinal ridges. Antennular scale with smooth
anterior margin, without setae in adults. Rostral plate triangular. Raptorial
claw short and strengthened at base of terminal segment, adapted for smashing
prey; inner margin of dactyl not toothed with more than 5; proximal margin
strongly inflated; telson mid-dorsal surface with distinct median carina and
four longitudinal carinae either side of midline. Uropodal
exopod proximal distinctly longer than distal segment; outer margin with 10–12
movable spines.
Colour in life
Overall pink in colour. Antennal
scale white dorsally with purple and orange ventrally. Uropod yellow with red
setae. Exopod with outer movable spines yellow orange with blue posterior
margin; distal end of endopod and exopod with red
setae. Anterior carapace with brown patches.
Remarks
Specimen of O. japonicus
examined above show adult diagnostic characters. The longitudinal carina on the
inner intermediate denticle and the colour pattern resembles adults. It
inhabits in level sandy or shelly substrates from 30–80 m depth. Odontodactylus is the only genus found in the family
Odontodactylidae. Nothing much is known about the
biology of odontodactylids and there is no organised fisheries known to exist
for them. Ahyong & Kumar (2018), reported the
first record of O. japonicus from Muttom,
Tamil Nadu. Since then, Kumar reported O. japonicus in east coast, after
which there is no record of O. japonicus. We report this species for the
first time in Puducherry coastal waters, the east coast of India. The
previously known Indian Ocean distribution of O. japonicus is highly
disjunct and hence the present record has enlarged the distributional gap.
Ecology and Distribution
Homed in simple U-shaped burrows
and lined and covered with rubble (Caldwell 2006). Indo-West Pacific, from the western Indian
Ocean to Australia and Japan (Manning 1967).
Lysiosquilla tredecimdentata
Holthuis, 1941
Class: Malacostraca Latreille, 1802
Order: Stomatopoda
Latreille, 1817
Family: Lysiosquillidae
Giesbrecht, 1910
Genus: Lysiosquilla
Dana, 1852
Species: tredecimdentata
Holthuis, 1941
Material observed: Paratype, ZSI/MBRC-D1624, Male,
19.xi.2019, Nallavadu, Puducherry, 11.858N, 79.815E, NW-3543 and again 22.xi.2019, Pillaichavadi Puducherry, 12.008N, 79.858E, NW 4892 (Image
1, 3, Table 2), at 18 km, 30 m depth, coll. Nithya Mary.
Diagnostic characters
The texture of Carapace, thorax,
and abdomen are smooth without any carina or ridges; raptorial claw large and
slender with 9–13 teeth. Rostral plate cordate and broad. Eyes T-Shaped, with
large, bilobed cornea; pereiopods 1–3 with slender, elongate endopod. Uropodal protopod with small spine anterior to endopod
articulation. Telson lacking movable sub median teeth and longitudinal carina.
Colour in life
Lysiosquillids are clearly banded with
alternate light and darkly pigmented bands. Carapace with three dark, broad,
transverse bands intervened by narrower pale bands. Uropodal
exopod with distal ½ of proximal segment and proximal 2/3 of distal segment black;
outer movable spines dark red. Uropodal endopod with distal 2/3 black. Antennal scale with dark
brown outline. Pereiopods with pink setae on distal segment.
Remarks
Morphological characteristics of
the specimen indicate that it belongs to banded mantis shrimps from the family Lysiosquillidae (Giesbrecht, 1910) and it is perfectly
synchronized with the original description given by Holothuis
(1941) and Shanbhogue (1970). Lysiosquillids
live in monogamous pairs in long, deep burrows in coral reef flats, mud flats
and soft sub tidal substrates (Ahyong et al. 2008).
Pillai & Thirumilu (2006) have reported L. tredecimdentata from Cuddalore
fishing harbour, Tamil Nadu coast of India. Silambarasan
& Senthilkumaar (2014) reported the first
occurrence of L. tredecimdentata, from Kasimedu fishing harbour, Chennai coast, Tamil Nadu, India
and Chesalin (2013) also reports first record of the
same species in the Omani waters of the Arabian Sea.
Ecology and Distribution
The species inhabits deep burrows
on intertidal sand and mudflats, and level sub tidal substrates to 30 m (Ahyong 2001). Almost nothing is known about the biology of Lysiosquillids. According to Manning (1998) they make
burrows with double entrance, one at each end, in level-bottom habitats in
shallow water, from shore to a depth of about 25 m. Although they generally
hunt from the mouth of their burrow, they occasionally leave their burrows and
may be caught at night by lights or in trawls.
The known distribution of L. tredecimdentata is from Yemen (Red Sea) (Holthuis 1941) southward to Madagascar (Manning 1968) and
South Africa (Manning 1978); from India eastward to Thailand, Vietnam, Taiwan,
Australia and the central Pacific (Ahyong 2001). This
is the first record of this species from the Puducherry coastal waters.
Table 1. Morphometric
measurements of Odontodactylus japonicus
Measurements (mm) |
O.
japonicus |
Total length |
126 |
Carapace length |
32 |
Carapace width |
39 |
Thorax length |
15 |
Abdomen length |
58 |
Rostral plate
length |
4 |
Rostral plate width |
7 |
Antennal scale
length |
5 |
Antennal scale
width |
3 |
Raptorial propodus length |
29 |
Raptorial propodus depth |
10 |
Telson length |
21 |
Telson width |
35 |
Total wet weight |
25g |
Table 2. Morphometric
measurements of Lysiosquilla tredecimdentata
Measurements (mm) |
L. tredecimdentata |
Total length |
295 |
Carapace length |
65 |
Carapace width |
85 |
Thorax length |
69 |
Abdomen length |
146 |
Rostral plate
length |
8 |
Rostral plate width |
13 |
Antennal scale
length |
26 |
Antennal scale
width |
5 |
Raptorial propodus length |
13 |
Raptorial propodus depth |
45 |
Telson length |
45 |
Telson width |
69 |
Total wet weight |
250 g |
References
Ahyong, S.T. & A. Bijukumar (2018). First records of seven species
of mantis shrimp from India (Crustacea: Stomatopoda).
Zootaxa 4370(4): 381–394. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4370.4.4
Ahyong, S.T. (2001). Revision of the Australian stomatopod Crustacea. Records of the Australian Museum,
Supplement 26: 1– 326.
Ahyong, S.T., T.Y. Chan & Y.C. Liao
(2008). A Catalog of the Mantis Shrimps (Stomatopoda)
of Taiwan. National Science Council, Taipei, 191pp.
Antony, P.J.,
S. Dhanya, P.S. Lyla, B.M. Kurup
& S.A. Khan (2010). Ecological role of stomatopods
(mantis shrimps) and
potential impacts of trawling in a marine ecosystem of the southeast coast of India. Ecological
Modelling 221: 2604–2614.
Bijukumar, A. (2008). Biodiversity of trawl bycatch in
Kerala coast, south Indian, pp. 236–243. In: Natarajan, P., K.V. Jayachandran,
S. Kannaiyan, B. Ambat
& A. Augustine (Eds.). Glimpses of Aquatic Biodiversity. Rajiv Ganthi Chair Special Publication. 7, Cochin University of
Science and Technology, Kochi.
Caldwell, R.
(2006). “Odontodactylus scyllarus”
(On-line). Stomatopods for the Aquarium.
Accessed February 22, 2012 at http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/arthropoda/crustacea/malacostraca/eumalacostraca/royslist/species.php?name=o_scyllarus
Carpenter,
K.E. & V.H. Neim (1998). F.A.O. The Living Marine
Resources of the Western Central Pacific, 2: 1046–1155
Chesalin, M., S. Al-Shajibi,
G. Al-Shagaa & S. Al-Kathiri
(2013). First Record
of the Mantis Shrimp Lysiosquilla tredecimdentata Holthuis,
1941 (Stomatopoda: Lysiosquillidae)
in the Omani Waters of the Arabian Sea. Indian Journal of Applied Research
3(55): 609–610.
De Haan, W. (1833–1850). Crustacea. In: von Siebold, P.F.
(Ed.). Fauna Japonica sive descriptio
animalium, quae in itinere per Japoniam, jusse et auspiciis superiorum, qui summum in India
Batavia Imperium tenent, suscepto,
annis 1823–1830 collegit, notis observationibus et adumbrationibus illustravit. A. Arnz, Lugdunum Batavorum, pp. 1–243.
Fabricius, J.C. (1798) Supplementum
Entomologiae Systematicae, Hafniae, ii+572pp.
Ghosh, H.C.
(1991). Crustacea: Stomatopoda. Fauna of Lakshadweep. State Fauna Series 2:
199–212.
Ghosh, H.C.
(1995) Stomatopoda: Crustacea. Hughli Matla Estuary, West Bengal. Estuarine Ecosystem Series 2:
179–189.
Ghosh, H.C.
(1998) Crustacea: Stomatopoda. Fauna of West Bengal. State Fauna Series 3:
417–443.
Giesbrecht,
W. (1910) Stomatopoden, Erster Theil. Fauna
and Flora des Golfes von Neapel,
33, i–vii, 1–239, pls. I–XI.
Holthuis, L.B. (1941). The Stomatopoda
of the Snellius Expedition. Biological Results of the
Snellius Expedition, XII. Temminkia
6: 241–294. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4329.5.5
Kemp, S.
& B. Chopra (1921) Notes on Stomatopoda. Records of the Indian
Museum 22: 297–311. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.1475
Kemp, S.
(1913). An account
of the Crustacea Stomatopoda of the Indo-Pacific
region, based on the collection in the Indian. Museum. Memoirs of the Indian
Museum 4: 1–217.
Komai, T., R.
Reshmi & A.N.B. Kumar (2013). Rediscovery and range extension of Ciliopagurus liui
Forest, 1995 and description of a new species of Pagurus
Fabricius, 1775 (Crustacea: Decapoda:
Anomura: Paguroidea) from
the Kerala State, south western India. Zootaxa
3710: 467–484. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3710.5.5
Kumar, A.B.,
M.S. Kumar & B.S. Galil (2013). Calappid and leucosiid
crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura)
from Kerala, India, with the description of a new species of Mursia Desmarest,
1823, from the Arabian Sea and redescription of M.
bicristimana Alcock
& Anderson, 1894. Zootaxa 3746(4):
529–551. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3746.4.2
Manning, R.B.
(1967). Review of
the genus Odontodactylus (Crustacea: Stomatopoda). Proceedings of the United States National
Museum 123: 1–35.
Manning, R.B. (1968). Stomatopod Crustacea from Madagascar. Proceedings of the
United States National Museum 124: 1–61.
Manning, R.В.
(1978). Synopses of
the Indo-West Pacific species of Lysiosquilla Dana,
1852 (Crustacea: Stomatopoda: Lysiosquillidae).
Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 259: 1–16.
Manning, R.В.
(1998). Stomatopods, pp. 827–849. In: Carpenter, K.E. & V.H. Niem
(Eds.). FAО species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living
marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 2. Cephalopods,
crustaceans, holothurians and sharks. FAO, Rome.
Ng, P.K.L.
& A.B. Kumar (2016). Carcinoplax fasciata,
a new species of deep-water goneplacid crab from southwestern India and the
identity of T. craterifer Rathbun, 1914 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pilumnidae). Zootaxa 4272(1): 131–141. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4272.1.7
Ng, P.K.L.,
S. Devi & A.B. Kumar (2017). Typhlocarcinus kerala, a new species of rhizopine
crab from southwestern India, and the identity of T. craterifer
Rathbun, 1914 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pilumnidae). Zootaxa
4272(1): 131–141. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4272.1.7
Pillai, S.L.
& P. Thirumilu (2006). Large-sized stomatopod
Lysiosquilla tredecimdentata
from north Tamil Nadu coast. Marine Fisheries Information Services,
T&E Ser. No. 189pp.
Shanbhogue, S.L. (1970). Three new records of Stomatopoda (Crustacea) from the seas around India. Journal
of Marine Biological Association of India 12 (1&2): 197–201.
Shanbhogue, S.L. (1969). Catalogue of stomatopods
in reference collections of the Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute. Bulletin
of the Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute 9: 33–36.
Shanbhogue, S.L. (Ed.) (1986). Studies on stomatopod
Crustacea from the seas around India, pp. 515–567. In: James, P.S.B.R. (ed.). Recent
Advances in Marine Biology. Today & Tomorrow’s Printers & Publishers,
New Delhi.
Silambarasan, K. & P. Senthilkumaar
(2019). First report
of the Golden Mantis Shrimp, Lysiosquilla tredecimdentata Holthuis,
1941 (Crustacea: Stomatopoda) from Chennai coastal
waters, southeast India. International Journal Aquatic Biology 7(1):
9–13
Subasinghe, S. (1999). Chitin from shellfish
waste-health benefits over-shadowing industrial areas. Infofish International 99: 58–65.
Venkataraman,
K. & M. Wafar (2005). Coastal and marine biodiversity
of India. Marine Biological Station, Zoological Survey of India (NIO). Indian
Journal of Marine Sciences 34(1): 57–75.
Wafar, M., K. Venkataraman, B. Ingole, S. Ajmal Khan, & P. LokaBharathi
(2011). State of Knowledge of Coastal and Marine
Biodiversity of Indian Ocean Countries. PLoS
ONE, 6, 6(1): e14613
WoRMS (2018). Lysiosquilla
tredecimdentata Holthuis,
1941. World Register of Marine species at http://www.marinespecies.org.Accessed
on 12.i.2020
Yang, C.H., A.B.
Kumar & T.Y. Chan (2017). A new slipper lobster
of the genus Petrarctus
Holthuis, 2002 (Crustacea,
Decapoda, Scyllaridae) from
southwest coast of India. Zootaxa 4329:
477–486.