Journal of Threatened Taxa |
www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 May 2021 | 13(6): 18598–18613
ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893
(Print)
https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.5781.13.6.18598-18613
#5781 | Received 17 February 2020 | Final
received 17 November 2020 | Finally accepted 09 April 2021
Termites (Blattodea: Isoptera) of
southern India: current knowledge on distribution and systematic checklist
M. Ranjith 1 & C.M. Kalleshwaraswamy 2
1,2 Department of Entomology, College
of Agriculture, University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences,
Shivamogga, Karnataka 577204, India.
1 ranjithagriofficial@gmail.com
(corresponding author), 2 kalleshwara@gmail.com
Editor: Anonymity requested. Date of publication: 26 May 2021 (online & print)
Citation: Ranjith, M. & C.M. Kalleshwaraswamy (2021). Termites (Blattodea:
Isoptera) of southern India: current knowledge on distribution and systematic
checklist. Journal of Threatened Taxa 13(6): 18598–18613. https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.5781.13.6.18598-18613
Copyright: © Ranjith & Kalleshwaraswamy 2021. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
International License. JoTT allows
unrestricted use, reproduction, and distribution of this article in any medium
by providing adequate credit to the author(s) and the source of publication.
Funding: Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change, New Delhi (F. No. 22018-28/2019CS
(Tax)); ICAR junior/senior research fellowship [ICAR-JRF/SRF (PGS)] (erstwhile
SRF).
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing
interests.
Author details: M. Ranjith, PhD scholar (ICAR-JRF/SRF), Department of
Entomology, College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural and
Horticultural Sciences.
Presently working on morphological and molecular
taxonomy of termites of southern India as part of PhD research. Dr. C.M.
Kalleshwaraswamy, Assistant Professor, Department of Entomology, College
of Agriculture, University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences. Area of
specialization are insect taxonomy (especially termites) and virus vector
relationship in plant diseases
Author contributions: Both
authors contributed equally to the manuscript.
Acknowledgements: The authors thankfully
acknowledge the Indian Council of Agricultural Research for the financial
support by means of ICAR junior/senior research fellowship [ICAR-JRF/SRF (PGS)]
(erstwhile SRF), Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change, New
Delhi for financial assistance for the research project (F. No. 22018-28/2019CS
(Tax)) and the director of research, UAHS, Shivamogga for encouragement.
Abstract: A checklist of termites
(Blattodea: Isoptera) of southern India with their distribution is presented in
this paper. In total, 132 species from
five families are listed, of which Termitidae Latreille, 1802 is the
dominant family comprising 101 species from 27 genera and four
subfamilies. The recent additions of
species to the regional termite diversity are Krishnacapritermes dineshan
Amina & Rajmohana, 2020, K. manikandan Amina & Rajmohana, 2020,
and Pseudocapritermes kunjepu Mathew, 2020. Out of 132 species recorded from southern
India, 60 species and five genera are endemic to the region, and the subfamily
Termitinae Latreille, 1802 accounts for maximum endemism.
Keywords: Endemism, taxonomy, Termitidae,
white ants.
Introduction
Termites, also called “white
ants” are considered soil engineers and structural pests. Interestingly, they are known as eusocial
cockroaches in the order Blattodea Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1882. Molecular phylogenetic data obtained from
termites revealed that, Isoptera is not a separate order, and can be considered
under Blattodea along with cockroaches (Inward et al. 2007). Krishna et al. (2013) estimated about 2,933
species of extant termites in the world.
India has a high diversity of termites, but the Indian termite fauna
shares a very small portion of the global fauna, i.e., approximately 295
species, 52 genera, and six families (Krishna et al. 2013; Rajmohana et al.
2019). The first ever taxonomic work on
Indian termites was carried out in southern India by König (1779) and the last
comprehensive work was by Bose (1984) who reported 95 species from the region.
This comprehensive taxonomic work is made to list all the termites recorded so
far from the southern Indian region, which should serve as a base for further
taxonomic research.
Materials
and Methods
Southern India comprises five
states of India—Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, and
Telangana. This region is composed of
various climatic conditions ranging from tropical to sub-tropical zones and
lies between 8-20°N and 74-85°E. Most of these regions lie between the Western
Ghats and Eastern Ghats and the coastal region.
The Western Ghats is the hotspot of diversity; climate is hot and arid
in some regions whereas in other parts it is hot and humid, or cold with 25–32
°C temperature during hot season and 23–30 °C in the cool season.
The checklist has been mainly
based on available literature rather than extensive taxonomic work. The classification is based on Krishna et al.
(2013). This list has been compiled
based on Roonwal & Chhotani (1989), Chhotani (1997), Krishna et al. (2013),
and original descriptions. The
literature published until date is considered for making the checklist of
termites and their distribution in southern India.
Results
and Discussion
The checklist for the five
families and 132 species reported from southern India along with their
distribution are provided here. Among
the reported, Termitidae Latreille, 1802 is the dominant family comprising of 101
species from four subfamilies. The family Termitidae accounts maximum generic
diversity also (27 genera) followed by Kalotermitidae Froggatt, 1897 (five
genera), and Rhinotermitidae Froggatt, 1897 (three genera). The genus Odontotermes Holmgren, 1910b
(25 species) in the family Termitidae have high species diversity followed by
genus Neotermes Holmgren, 1911b from family Kalotermitidae with 10
species.
Endemism of termites to the
region is high, out of the 132 species, 60 species (45.45%) (denoted by *) and
five genera (denoted by **) are endemic to southern India. Subfamily Termitinae Latreille, 1802 of
family Temitidae accounts for maximum endemism with 20 species out of 43
endemic species of the family. Three genera
of subfamily Termitinae, viz., Indocapritermes Chhotani, 1997, Krishnacapritermes
Chhotani, 1997, and Labiocapritermes Krishna, 1968 and two
genera of subfamily Nasutitermitinae Hare, 1937, viz., Ampoulitermes
Mathur & Thapa, 1962a and Emersonitermes Mathur & Sen-Sarma,
1959 are endemic to southern India.
Check list of termites of
southern India
Family Hodotermitidae Desneux,
1904
Subfamily Hodotermitinae Desneux,
1904
Genus Anacanthotermes
Jacobson, 1905
Anacanthotermes viarum (König, 1779)
Synonyms: Termes viarum König, 1779; Hodotermes (Anacanthotermes)
koenigi Holmgren & Holmgren, 1917; Anacanthotermes rugifrons
Mathur & Sen-Sarma, 1958.
Type locality: India: Tamil Nadu: Coimbatore.
Distribution: Tamil Nadu (König 1779; Bose
1984; Roonwal & Chhotani 1989; Krishna et al. 2013).
Family Kalotermitidae Froggatt, 1897
Genus Cryptotermes Banks,
1906
Cryptotermes bengalensis (Snyder, 1934)
Synonyms: Kalotermes (Cryptotermes) bengalensis
Snyder, 1934; Calotermes (Cryptotermes) brachygnathus
Jepson, 1931; Calotermes (Cryptotermes) ceylonicus Jepson,
1931; Cryptotermes angulatus Pinto, 1941.
Type locality: India: West Bengal: Sunderbans.
Distribution: Andhra Pradesh; Karnataka
(Roonwal & Chhotani 1989; Krishna et al. 2013; Shanbhag & Sundararaj
2013).
Cryptotermes domesticus (Haviland,
1898)
Synonyms: Calotermes domesticus
Haviland, 1898; Calotermes (Cryptotermes) ogasawaraensis
Oshima, 1913; Calotermes (Cryptotermes) dentatus Oshima,
1914; Cryptotermes campbelli Light, 1924; Cryptotermes hermsi
Kirby, 1925; Calotermes (Cryptotermes) buxtoni Hill, 1926;
Kalotermes (Cryptotermes) breviarticulatus Snyder, 1926; Calotermes
(Cryptotermes) gulosus Hill, 1927a; Calotermes (Cryptotermes)
repentinus Hill, 1927a; Calotermes (Cryptotermes) torresi
Hill, 1927b; Calotermes (Cryptotermes) lignarius Jepson,
1931; Calotermes (Cryptotermes) tectus Jepson, 1931.
Type locality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sarawak.
Distribution: Kerala (Bose 1984; Roonwal &
Chhotani 1989; Krishna et al. 2013; Shanbhag & Sundararaj 2013; Mathew
2015).
Cryptotermes dudleyi Banks, 1918
Synonyms: Calotermes havilandi parasita Wasmann, 1910; Calotermes
(Cryptotermes) jacobsoni Holmgren, 1913c; Planocryptotermes
nocens Light, 1921b; Cryptotermes thompsonae Snyder, 1922; Cryptotermes
(Planocryptotermes) primus Kemner, 1932; Cryptotermes (Planocryptotermes)
javanicus Kemner, 1934; Cryptotermes melloi Chhotani, 1970.
Type locality: Central America: Panama.
Distribution: Kerala; Karnataka (Bose 1984;
Roonwal & Chhotani 1989; Krishna et al. 2013; Shanbhag & Sundararaj
2013).
Cryptotermes roonwali Chhotani, 1970*
Type locality: India: Kerala: Beliapatam.
Distribution: Karnataka; Kerala (Chhotani
1970; Bose 1984; Roonwal & Chhotani 1989; Krishna et al. 2013; Shanbhag
& Sundararaj 2013; Mathew 2015).
Genus Glyptotermes
Froggatt, 1897
Glyptotermes chiraharitae Amina &
Rajmohana, 2016*
Type locality: India: Kerala: Kakkayam.
Distribution: Kerala (Amina & Rajmohana
2016).
Glyptotermes coorgensis (Holmgren &
Holmgren, 1917)*
Synonym: Calotermes (Glyptotermes)
coorgensis Holmgren & Holmgren, 1917.
Type locality: India: Karanataka: Coorg:
Sidapur.
Distribution: Karnataka; Kerala; Tamil Nadu
(Holmgren & Holmgren 1917; Bose 1984; Roonwal & Chhotani 1989;
Krishna et al. 2013; Shanbhag & Sundararaj 2013; Mathew 2015).
Genus Neotermes Holmgren,
1911
Neotermes assmuthi (Holmgren, 1913)
Synonym: Calotermes (Neotermes)
assmuthi Holmgren, 1913b.
Type locality: India: Karnataka: Bangalore.
Distribution: Karnataka (Holmgren 1913b; Bose
1984; Roonwal & Chhotani 1989; Krishna et al. 2013; Shanbhag &
Sundararaj 2013).
Neotermes dhirendrai Bose, 1984*
Type locality: India: Tamil Nadu: Salem.
Distribution: Tamil Nadu (Bose 1984; Roonwal
& Chhotani 1989; Krishna et al. 2013; Shanbhag & Sundararaj 2013).
Neotermes eleanorae Bose, 1984*
Type locality: India: Karnataka: Mangalore.
Distribution: Karnataka (Bose 1984; Roonwal
& Chhotani 1989; Krishna et al. 2013).
Neotermes fletcheri (Holmgren &
Holmgren, 1917)
Synonym: Calotermes (Neotermes) fletcheri
Holmgren & Holmgren, 1917.
Type locality: India: Tamil Nadu: Coimbatore.
Distribution: Kerala; Tamil Nadu (Holmgren
& Holmgren 1917; Bose 1984; Roonwal & Chhotani 1989; Krishna et al.
2013; Mathew 2015).
Neotermes greeni (Desneux, 1908)
Synonym: Calotermes greeni
Desneux, 1908.
Type locality: Sri Lanka.
Distribution: Tamil Nadu (Shanbhag &
Sundararaj 2013).
Neotermes keralai Roonwal & Verma,
1972*
Type locality: India: Kerala: Trivandrum:
Chackai.
Distribution: Kerala (Roonwal & Verma
1972; Bose 1984; Roonwal & Chhotani 1989; Krishna et al. 2013; Shanbhag
& Sundararaj 2013; Mathew 2015).
Neotermes krishnai Bose, 1984*
Type locality: India: Tamil Nadu: Salem.
Distribution: Tamil Nadu (Bose 1984; Roonwal
& Chhotani 1989; Krishna et al. 2013).
Neotermes nilamburensis Thakur, 1978*
Type locality: India: Kerala: Nilambur.
Distribution: Kerala (Thakur 1978; Bose 1984;
Roonwal & Chhotani 1989; Krishna et al. 2013; Mathew 2015).
Neotermes shimogensis Thakur, 1975*
Type locality: India:
Karnataka: Shimoga.
Distribution: Karnataka (Sen-Sarma et al.
1975; Roonwal & Chhotani 1989; Krishna et al. 2013; Shanbhag &
Sundararaj 2013).
Neotermes venkateshwara Bose, 1984*
Type locality: India: Tamil Nadu: Topslip.
Distribution: Tamil Nadu (Bose 1984; Roonwal
& Chhotani 1989; Krishna et al. 2013).
Genus Postelectrotermes
Krishna, 1961
Postelectrotermes bhimi Roonwal &
Maiti, 1965*
Type locality: India: Kerala: Kottayam:
Vandiperiyar.
Distribution: Kerala (Roonwal & Maiti
1965; Bose 1984; Roonwal & Chhotani 1989; Krishna et al. 2013; Shanbhag
& Sundararaj 2013; Mathew 2015).
Postelectrotermes nayari Roonwal &
Verma, 1971*
Type locality: India: Kerala State: Trivandrum:
Chackai.
Distribution: Kerala (Roonwal & Verma
1971; Bose 1984; Roonwal & Chhotani 1989; Krishna et al. 2013; Shanbhag
& Sundararaj 2013; Mathew 2015).
Genus Procryptotermes Holmgren,
1910
Procryptotermes dhari Roonwal &
Chhotani, 1963*
Type locality: India: Tamil Nadu: Coimbatore.
Distribution: Tamil Nadu (Roonwal &
Chhotani 1963; Bose 1984; Roonwal & Chhotani 1989; Krishna et al. 2013;
Shanbhag & Sundararaj 2013).
Procryptotermes hunsurensis Thakur,
1975*
Type locality: India: Mysore: Kalbetta, Hunsur.
Distribution: Karnataka (Thakur 1975; Bose
1984; Roonwal & Chhotani 1989; Krishna et al. 2013; Shanbhag &
Sundararaj 2013).
Procryptotermes valeriae Bose, 1979*
Type locality: India: Tamil Nadu: Nagercoil.
Distribution: Tamil Nadu (Bose 1979, 1984;
Roonwal & Chhotani 1989; Krishna et al. 2013; Shanbhag & Sundararaj
2013).
Family Rhinotermitidae Froggatt,
1897
Subfamily Coptotermitinae
Holmgren, 1910
Genus Coptotermes Wasmann,
1896
Coptotermes beckeri Mathur &
Chhotani, 1969*
Type locality: India: Tamil Nadu: Chennai.
Distribution: Kerala; Tamil Nadu (Mathur &
Chhotani 1969; Bose 1984; Roonwal & Chhotani 1989; Maiti 2006; Krishna et
al. 2013; Shanbhag & Sundararaj 2013; Amina et al. 2016c).
Coptotermes ceylonicus Holmgren, 1911
Type Localities: Sri Lanka: Peradeniya;
Heneratgoda; Seenigoda Estate.
Distribution: Andhra Pradesh; Kerala; Tamil
Nadu (Bose 1984; Roonwal & Chhotani 1989; Maiti 2006; Krishna et al. 2013;
Shanbhag & Sundararaj 2013; Mathew 2015).
Coptotermes heimi (Wasmann, 1902)
Synonyms: Arrhinotermes heimi Wasmann, 1902; Coptotermes
parvulus Holmgren, 1913b.
Type locality: India: Maharashtra: Ahmadnagar:
Wallon.
Distribution: Andhra Pradesh; Karnataka;
Kerala; Tamil Nadu (Bose 1984; Roonwal & Chhotani 1989; Maiti 2006; Rao et
al. 2012; Krishna et al. 2013; Shanbhag & Sundararaj 2013; Mathew 2015).
Coptotermes kishori Roonwal &
Chhotani, 1962
Type locality: India: West Bengal: Murshidabad:
Berhampur.
Distribution: Kerala (Roonwal & Chhotani
1989; Maiti 2006; Krishna et al. 2013; Shanbhag & Sundararaj 2013; Mathew
2015).
Subfamily Heterotermitinae
Froggatt, 1897
Genus Heterotermes
Froggatt, 1897
Heterotermes balwanti Mathur &
Chhotani, 1969
Type locality: India: Orissa: Balukhand Forest
Range.
Distribution: Karnataka (Roonwal &
Chhotani 1989; Maiti 2006; Krishna et al. 2013; Shanbhag & Sundararaj 2013;
Vidyashree et al. 2018).
Heterotermes indicola (Wasmann, 1902)
Synonym: Leucotermes indicola Wasmann, 1902.
Type locality: India: Maharashtra: Bombay.
Distribution: Andhra Pradesh; Kerala (Rao et
al. 2012; Amina & Rajmohana 2013a).
Heterotermes malabaricus Snyder, 1933
Type locality: India:
Karnataka: Mangalore.
Distribution: Andhra Pradesh; Karnataka;
Kerala; Tamil Nadu (Snyder 1933b; Bose 1984; Roonwal & Chhotani 1989; Maiti
2006; Krishna et al. 2013; Shanbhag & Sundararaj 2013; Mathew 2015).
Subfamily Prorhinotermitinae
Quennedey & Deligne, 1975
Genus Prorhinotermes
Silvestri, 1909
Prorhinotermes flavus (Bugnion &
Popoft, 1910)
Synonyms: Coptotermes flavus Bugnion & Popoff, 1910; Arrhinotermes
japonicus Holmgren, 1912c; Arrhinotermes krakataui Holmgren, 1913c; Termitogetonella
tibiaoensis Oshima, 1920; Prorhinotermes luzonensis Light,
1921; Prorhinotermes gracilis Light, 1921b; Prorhinotermes shiva Roonwal
& Thakur, 1963; Prorhinotermes tibiaoensiformis Ahmad, 1965; Prorhinotermes
ravani Roonwal & Maiti, 1966; Prorhinotermes panaitanensis
Thakur & Thakur, 1992.
Type locality: Sri Lanka: Ambalangoda.
Distribution: Karnataka (Bose 1984; Roonwal
& Chhotani 1989; Krishna et al. 2013; Shanbhag & Sundararaj 2013).
Family Stylotermitidae Holmgren
& Holmgren, 1917
Subfamily Stylotermitinae
Holmgren & Holmgren, 1917
Genus Stylotermes Holmgren
& Holmgren, 1917
Stylotermes fletcheri Holmgren &
Holmgren, 1917*
Type localities: India: Tamil Nadu: Coimbatore,
Shevaroy Hills.
Distribution: Karnataka; Tamil Nadu (Holmgren
& Holmgren 1917; Bose 1984; Roonwal & Chhotani 1989; Krishna et al.
2013; Shanbhag & Sundararaj 2013).
Family Termitidae Latreille, 1802
Subfamily Apicotermitinae Grassé
& Noirot, 1955
Genus Euhamitermes
Holmgren, 1912
Euhamitermes dentatus Thakur &
Chatterjee, 1974*
Type locality: India: Andhra Pradesh: Khammam:
Annapradipalli Range: Lankapalli Block: Satpalli.
Distribution: Andhra Pradesh (Thakur &
Chatterjee 1974; Bose 1984; Chhotani 1997; Krishna et al. 2013).
Euhamitermes indicus (Holmgren &
Holmgren, 1917)*
Synonym: Hamitermes (Euhamitermes)
indicus Holmgren & Holmgren, 1917.
Type locality: India: Tamil Nadu: Shevaroy
Hills.
Distribution: Tamil Nadu (Holmgren &
Holmgren 1917; Bose 1984; Chhotani 1997; Krishna et al. 2013).
Euhamitermes karnatakensis Roonwal
& Chhotani, 1965
Type locality: India: Karnataka: Dharwar.
Distribution: Karanataka (Roonwal &
Chhotani 1965; Bose 1984; Chhotani 1997; Krishna et al. 2013).
Genus Eurytermes Wasmann,
1902
Eurytermes assmuthi Wasmann, 1902
Type locality: India: Maharashtra: Khandala.
Distribution: Karnataka; Tamil Nadu (Chhotani
1997; Krishna et al. 2013).
Eurytermes buddha Bose & Maiti,
1966
Type locality: India: Tamil Nadu: Coimbatore.
Distribution: Karnataka; Tamil Nadu (Bose
& Maiti 1966; Bose 1984; Chhotani 1997; Krishna et al. 2013).
Eurytermes topslipensis (Chatterjee
& Thapa, 1963)*
Synonym: Beesonitermes topslipensis Chatterjee & Thapa, 1963.
Type locality: India: Tamil Nadu: Topslip: Mount
Stuart.
Distribution: Kerala; Tamil Nadu (Chatterjee
& Thapa 1963; Bose 1984; Chhotani 1997; Krishna et al. 2013; Mathew 2015).
Genus Speculitermes
Wasmann, 1902
Speculitermes chadaensis Chatterjee
& Thapa, 1964*
Type locality: India: Madhya Pradesh: South
Mandala Forest Division: Karanjia.
Distribution: Kerala (Amina et al.
2016a).
Speculitermes cyclops Wasmann, 1902
Type locality: India: Maharashtra: Bombay:
Khandala.
Distribution: Andhra Pradesh; Karnataka
(Chhotani 1997; Krishna et al. 2013).
Speculitermes deccanensis Roonwal &
Chhotani, 1962*
Type locality: India: Karnataka: Bababudin
Hills.
Distribution: Karnataka (Roonwal &
Chhotani 1962b; Bose 1984; Chhotani 1997; Krishna et al. 2013).
Speculitermes dharwarensis Roonwal
& Chhotani, 1964
Type locality: India: Karnataka: Dharwar.
Distribution: Andhra Pradesh; Karanataka
(Roonwal & Chhotani 1964b; Bose 1984; Chhotani 1997; Krishna et al. 2013).
Speculitermes emersoni Bose, 1984*
Type locality: India: Kerala: Thekkadi.
Distribution: Karnataka; Kerala (Bose 1984;
Chhotani 1997; Krishna et al. 2013; Mathew 2015).
Speculitermes goesswaldi Roonwal &
Chhotani, 1964
Type locality: India: Karnataka: Dharwar.
Distribution: Karnataka (Roonwal &
Chhotani 1964; Bose 1984; Chhotani 1997; Krishna et al. 2013).
Speculitermes sinhalensis Roonwal &
Sen-Sarma, 1960
Synonym: Speculitermes cyclops
sinhalensis Roonwal & Sen-Sarma, 1960.
Type locality: Sri Lanka: Vavuniya.
Distribution: Andhra Pradesh; Karnataka;
Kerala; Tamil Nadu (Bose 1984; Chhotani 1997; Krishna et al. 2013;
Kalleshwaraswamy et al. 2018; Mathew 2015).
Subfamily Termitinae Latreille,
1802
Genus Angulitermes
Sjöstedt, 1924
Angulitermes acutus Mathur &
Sen-Sarma, 1961
Type locality: India: Tamil Nadu: Tirunelveli:
Palayankottai.
Distribution: Tamil Nadu (Mathur &
Sen-Sarma 1961; Bose 1984; Chhotani 1997; Krishna et al. 2013).
Angulitermes fletcheri (Holmgren &
Holmgren, 1917)*
Synonym: Mirotermes (Mirotermes) fletcheri
Holmgren & Holmgren, 1917.
Type locality: India: Karnataka: Bellary
District: Hadagalli.
Distribution: Karnataka (Holmgren &
Holmgren 1917; Bose 1984; Chhotani 1997; Krishna et al. 2013).
Angulitermes keralai Verma, 1984*
Type locality: India: Kerala: Kondazhi.
Distribution: Kerala (Verma 1984; Chhotani
1997; Krishna et al. 2013; Mathew 2015).
Angulitermes obtusus (Holmgren &
Holmgren, 1917)*
Synonyms: Mirotermes (Mirotermes) obtusus
Holmgren & Holmgren, 1917.
Type locality: India: Karnataka: Bellary
District: Hospet.
Distribution: Karnataka (Holmgren &
Holmgren 1917; Bose 1984; Chhotani 1997; Krishna et al. 2013).
Genus Dicuspiditermes
Krishna, 1968
Dicuspiditermes achankovili Verma,
1985*
Type locality: India: Kerala: Achankovil.
Distribution: Kerala; Tamil Nadu (Verma 1985b;
Chhotani 1997; Krishna et al. 2013; Mathew 2015).
Dicuspiditermes boseae Chhotani, 1997*
Type locality: India: Tamil Nadu: Kulasekaram
Forest Range: Mylar.
Distribution: Tamil Nadu (Chhotani 1997;
Krishna et al. 2013).
Dicuspiditermes gravelyi (Silvestri,
1922)
Synonyms: Capritermes gravelyi
Silvestri, 1922.
Type localities: India: Maharashtra: Satara:
Koyna Valley: Helvak.
Distribution: Karnataka; Kerala (Bose 1984;
Chhotani 1997; Krishna et al. 2013; Amina et al. 2016b; Kalleshwaraswamy et al.
2018).
Dicuspiditermes incola (Wasmann, 1893)
Synomnyms: Eutermes incola Wasmann, 1893; Capritermes
longicornis Wasmann, 1902; Dicuspiditermes fletcheri (Holmgren &
Holmgren, 1917); Dicuspiditermes pername Thakur & Chatterjee, 1971.
Type locality: Sri Lanka: Colombo.
Distribution: Karnataka; Kerala; Tamil Nadu
(Chhotani 1997; Krishna et al. 2013; Mathew 2015).
Dicuspiditermes obtusus (Silvestri,
1923)
Synonyms: Capritermes obtusus Silvestri, 1923; Capritermes
obtusus abbreviatus Silvestri, 1923.
Type locality: India: Orissa: Chilika lake:
Barkuda Island.
Distribution: Karnataka (Chhotani 1997;
Krishna et al. 2013).
Dicuspiditermes sisiri Chhotani, 1997*
Type locality: India: Kerala: Silent Valley.
Distribution: Kerala (Chhotani 1997; Krishna
et al. 2013; Mathew 2015).
Genus Eremotermes
Silvestri, 1911
Eremotermes fletcheri Holmgren &
Holmgren, 1917
Synonyms: Eremotermes maliki Ahmad, 1955.
Type locality: India: Tamil Nadu: Coimbatore.
Distribution: Tamil Nadu (Holmgren &
Holmgren 1917; Bose 1984; Chhotani 1997; Krishna et al. 2013).
Eremotermes madrasicus Roonwal &
Sen-Sarma, 1960*
Type locality: India: Tamil Nadu: Villivakkam.
Distribution: Tamil Nadu (Roonwal &
Sen-Sarma 1960; Bose 1984; Chhotani 1997; Krishna et al. 2013).
Eremotermes paradoxalis Holmgren, 1912
Type locality: India: Karnataka: Bangalore.
Distribution: Karnataka; Tamil Nadu (Holmgren
1912; Bose 1984; Chhotani 1997; Krishna et al. 2013).
Genus Homallotermes John, 1925
Homallotermes pilosus (Mathur &
Thapa, 1962)*
Synonym: Microcapritermes pilosus
Mathur & Thapa, 1962b.
Type locality: India: Tamil Nadu: Coimbatore:
Topslip.
Distribution: Tamil Nadu; Kerala (Mathur &
Thapa 1962b; Bose 1984; Chhotani 1997; Krishna et al. 2013; Mathew 2015).
Genus Indocapritermes
Chhotani, 1997**
Indocapritermes aruni Chhotani, 1997*
Type locality: India: Kerala: Silent Valley.
Distribution: Kerala (Chhotani 1997; Krishna
et al. 2013; Mathew 2015).
Genus Krishnacapritermes
Chhotani, 1997**
Krishnacapritermes dineshan Amina &
Rajmohana, 2020*
Type locality: India: Kerala: Idukki;
Kurunjimala Shola.
Distribution: Kerala (Amina et al. 2020).
Krishnacapritermes maitii Chhotani,
1997*
Type locality: India: Tamil Nadu: Pumbarai:
Palni Hills.
Distribution: Kerala; Tamil Nadu (Chhotani
1997; Krishna et al. 2013; Amina et al. 2020).
Krishnacapritermes manikandan Amina
& Rajmohana, 2020*
Type locality: India: Kerala:
Idukki: Amar Shola-Munnar.
Distribution: Kerala (Amina et
al. 2020).
Krishnacapritermes thakuri Chhotani,
1997*
Synonym: Pericapritermes travancorensis Mathew & Ipe, 2018.
Type locality: India: Kerala: Silent Valley.
Distribution: Kerala (Chhotani 1997; Krishna
et al. 2013; Mathew 2015; Amina et al. 2020).
Genus Labiocapritermes
Krishna, 1968**
Labiocapritermes distortus (Silvestri,
1922)*
Synonyms: Capritermes distortus Silvestri, 1922; Pericapritermes
vythirii Verma, 1983.
Type locality: India: Kerala: Kavalai.
Distribution: Karnataka; Kerala; Tamil Nadu
(Silvestri 1922; Verma 1983; Bose 1984; Chhotani 1997; Krishna et al. 2013;
Mathew 2015).
Genus Microcerotermes
Silvestri, 1901
Microcerotermes beesoni Snyder, 1933
Synonyms: Microcerotermes championi Snyder, 1933b; Microcerotermes
lanceolatus Mathur & Thapa, 1965.
Type locality: India: Uttarakhand: Haldwani:
Chakrata Range.
Distribution: Andhra Pradesh; Kerala (Rao et
al. 2012; Mathew 2015).
Microcerotermes cameroni Snyder, 1934
Type locality: India: Tamil Nadu: Madras: North
Vellore District.
Distribution: Andhra Pradesh; Kerala; Tamil
Nadu (Snyder 1934; Bo 1984; Chhotani 1997; Krishna et al. 2013; Shanbhag &
Sundararaj, 2013; Mathew 2015).
Microcerotermes fletcheri Holmgren
& Holmgren, 1917
Type locality: India: Karnataka: Mysore:
Bababudin Hills.
Distribution: Karnataka; Kerala; Tamil Nadu
(Holmgren & Holmgren 1917; Bose 1984; Chhotani 1997; Krishna et al. 2013;
Shanbhag & Sundararaj 2013; Mathew et al. 2013; Kalleshwaraswamy et al.
2018, 2015; Vidyashree et al. 2018).
Microcerotermes ganeshi Bose, 1984*
Type locality: India: Tamil Nadu: Salem:
Karambapatty Reserve Forest.
Distribution: Tamil Nadu (Bose 1984; Chhotani
1997; Krishna et al. 2013).
Microcerotermes heimi Wasmann, 1902
Type locality: India: Maharashtra: Ahmednagar:
Wallon.
Distribution: Karnataka; Kerala (Chhotani
1997; Krishna et al. 2013; Shanbhag & Sundararaj 2013; Mathew 2015).
Microcerotermes kudremukhae Chhotani,
1997*
Type locality: India: Karnataka: Kudremukh: Koppa
Division: Kalasa Forest Range.
Distribution: Karnataka (Chhotani 1997;
Krishna et al. 2013).
Microcerotermes labioangulatus Sen-Sarma
& Thakur, 1975
Type locality: India: Tripura: Ambasa;
Zoelchara.
Distribution: Andhra Pradesh (Krishna et al.
2013; Shanbhag & Sundararaj 2013).
Microcerotermes minor Holmgren, 1914
Type locality: Sri Lanka: Maha Iluppalama.
Distribution: Andhra Pradesh; Karnataka;
Kerala; Tamil Nadu (Bose 1984; Chhotani 1997; Krishna et al. 2013; Shanbhag
& Sundararaj 2013; Amina et al. 2016b).
Microcerotermes pakistanicus Akhtar,
1974
Type locality: Pakistan: North West Frontier
Province: Parachinar.
Distribution: Kerala; Karnataka (Chhotani
1997; Krishna et al. 2013; Mathew 2015; Kalleshwaraswamy et al. 2018;
Vidyashree et al. 2018).
Genus Pericapritermes
Silvestri, 1914
Pericapritermes topslipensis Thakur,
1976*
Type locality: India: Tamil Nadu: South
Coimbatore Forest Division: Topslip.
Distribution: Karnataka; Tamil Nadu (Thakur
1976a; Bose 1984; Chhotani 1997; Krishna et al. 2013).
Genus Procapritermes
Holmgren, 1912
Procapritermes dakshinae (Chhotani
& Ferry, 1995)*
Synonym: Malaysiocapritermes dakshinae Chhotani & Ferry, 1995.
Type locality: India: Kerala: on road from
Kolattupuzha to Nedumangad: near Arippal.
Distribution: Kerala (Chhotani & Ferry
1995; Chhotani 1997; Krishna et al. 2013; Mathew 2015).
Procapritermes keralai (Chhotani &
Ferry, 1995)#
Synonym: Malaysiocapritermes keralai Chhotani & Ferry, 1995.
Type locality: India: Kerala: 5 km from road
from Kothamangalam to Munnar.
Distribution: Kerala (Chhotani & Ferry
1995; Chhotani 1997; Krishna et al. 2013; Mathew 2015).
Genus Pseudocapritermes Kemner,
1934
Pseudocapritermes fletcheri (Holmgren
& Holmgren, 1917)
Synonyms: Capritermes fletcheri Holmgren & Holmgren, 1917; Pseudocapritermes
fontanellus Mathur & Thapa, 1961; Pseudocapritermes goanicus
Thakur & Chatterjee, 1969; Pseudocapritermes roonwali Verma, 1985a.
Type locality: India: Tamil Nadu: Anamalai
Hills.
Distribution: Karnataka; Kerala; Tamil Nadu
(Holmgren & Holmgren 1917; Chhotani 1997; Krishna et al. 2013; Mathew
2015).
Pseudocapritermes kunjepu Mathew, 2020*
Type locality: India: Kerala: Kottayam:
Pinnakkanadu.
Distribution: Kerala (Ipe et al. 2020).
Genus Synhamitermes
Holmgren, 1912
Synhamitermes quadriceps (Wasmann,
1902)
Synonyms: Amitermes quadriceps Wasmann, 1902.
Type locality: India: Maharashtra: Khandala.
Distribution: Karnataka; Kerala (Chhotani
1997; Krishna et al. 2013; Shanbhag & Sundararaj 2013; Mathew 2015).
Subfamily Macrotermitinae Kemner,
1934
Genus Hypotermes Holmgren,
1913
Hypotermes obscuriceps (Wasmann, 1902)
Synonyms: Termes obscuriceps Wasmann, 1902; Odontotermes
(Hypotermes) marshalli Kemner, 1926.
Type locality: Sri Lanka: Trincomali.
Distribution: Karnataka; Kerala; Tamil Nadu
(Bose 1984; Chhotani 1997; Krishna et al. 2013; Shanbhag & Sundararaj
2013).
Hypotermes xenotermitis (Wasmann, 1896)
Synonyms: Termes xenotermitis Wasmann, 1896; Hypotermes
nongpriangi Roonwal & Sen-Sarma, 1956.
Type locality: Myanmar: Palon.
Distribution: Kerala (Poovoli & Rajmohana
2019).
Genus Macrotermes
Holmgren, 1909
Macrotermes convulsionarius (König,
1779)
Synonyms: Termes convulsionarii König, 1779; Termes estherae
Desneux, 1908.
Type locality: Tamil Nadu: Tanjore.
Distribution: Andhra Pradesh; Karnataka;
Kerala; Tamil Nadu (König 1779; Bose 1984; Chhotani 1997; Rao et al.
2012; Krishna et al. 2013; Mathew 2015).
Genus Microtermes Wasmann,
1902
Microtermes incertoides Holmgren, 1913
Type locality: India: Maharashtra: Ahmednager:
Wallon.
Distribution: Andhra Pradesh; Karnataka; Tamil
Nadu (Chhotani 1997; Krishna et al. 2013; Shanbhag & Sundararaj 2013).
Microtermes obesi Holmgren, 1912
Synonyms: Microtermes anandi Holmgren, 1913b; Microtermes
anandi curvignathus Holmgren, 1913b.
Type locality: India: Maharashtra: Khandala.
Distribution: Andhra Pradesh; Kerala; Tamil
Nadu; Karnataka (Bose 1984; Chhotani 1997; Krishna et al. 2013; Shanbhag &
Sundararaj 2013; Mathew 2015; Kalleshwaraswamy et al. 2018; Vidyashree et al.
2018).
Microtermes unicolor Snyder, 1933
Synonyms: Microtermes pubescens
Snyder, 1933b.
Type locality: India: Uttarakhand: Dehra Dun.
Distribution: Kerala (Amina et al. 2016).
Genus Odontotermes
Holmgren, 1910
Odontotermes adampurensis Akhtar, 1975
Type locality: Bangladesh: Adampur.
Distribution: Karnataka (Kalleshwaraswamy et
al. 2018).
Odontotermes anamallensis Holmgren
& Holmgren, 1917
Synonyms: Odontotermes (Odontotermes)
anamallensis Holmgren & Holmgren, 1917.
Type localities: India: Tamil Nadu: Anamalai
Hills.
Distribution: Andhra Pradesh; Karnataka;
Kerala; Tamil Nadu (Holmgren & Holmgren 1917; Bose 1984; Chhotani 1997;
Krishna et al. 2013; Shanbhag & Sundararaj 2013; Mathew 2015;
Kalleshwaraswamy et al. 2018).
Odontotermes assmuthi Holmgren, 1913
Synonym: Odontotermes (Odontotermes)
assmuthi Holmgren, 1913b.
Type locality: India: Maharashtra: Borivali
Jungle.
Distribution: Andhra Pradesh; Karnataka;
Kerala; Tamil Nadu (Bose 1984; Chhotani 1997; Krishna et al. 2013; Shanbhag
& Sundararaj 2013; Mathew 2015; Kalleshwaraswamy et al. 2018; Vidyashree et
al. 2018).
Odontotermes bellahunisensis Holmgren
& Holmgren, 1917
Synonyms: Odontotermes (Cyclotermes)
bellahunisensis Holmgren & Holmgren, 1917.
Type locality: India: Karnataka: Bellary:
Bellahunisi.
Distribution: Andhra Pradesh; Karnataka;
Kerala; Tamil Nadu (Holmgren & Holmgren 1917; Bose 1984; Chhotani 1997;
Krishna et al. 2013; Shanbhag & Sundararaj 2013; Mathew 2015;
Kalleshwaraswamy et al. 2018; Vidyashree et al. 2018).
Odontotermes bhagwatii Chatterjee &
Thakur, 1967
Type locality: India: Punjab: Pathankot.
Distribution: Karnataka (Chhotani 1997;
Krishna et al. 2013; Shanbhag & Sundararaj 2013; Kalleshwaraswamy et al.
2018).
Odontotermes boveni Thakur, 1981
Type locality: India: Uttarakhand: Garhwal: Gwaldam.
Distribution: Karnataka (Kalleshwaraswamy et
al. 2018).
Odontotermes brunneus (Hagen, 1858)
Synonyms: Termes (Termes) brunneus
Hagen, 1858; Odontotermes mathadi Roonwal & Chhotani, 1964a.
Type locality: India: Bengal.
Distribution: Andhra Pradesh; Karnataka;
Kerala; Tamil Nadu (Bose 1984; Chhotani 1997; Rao et al. 2012; Krishna et al.
2013; Shanbhag & Sundararaj 2013; Mathew 2015).
Odontotermes ceylonicus (Wasmann, 1902)
Synonyms: Termes ceylonicus Wasmann, 1902;
Odontotermes meturensis Roonwal & Chhotani, 1959.
Type locality: Sri Lanka: Nalanda.
Distribution: Karnataka; Kerala; Tamil Nadu
(Bose 1984; Chhotani 1997; Krishna et al. 2013; Shanbhag & Sundararaj 2013;
Mathew 2015).
Odontotermes distans Holmgren &
Holmgren, 1917
Synonym: Odontotermes (Cyclotermes)
distans Holmgren & Holmgren, 1917.
Type locality: India: Tamil Nadu: Shevaroy
Hills.
Distribution: Tamil Nadu (Holmgren &
Holmgren,1917; Bose 1984; Chhotani 1997; Krishna et al. 2013; Shanbhag &
Sundararaj 2013).
Odontotermes escherichi (Holmgren,
1911)
Synonym: Termes escherichi Holmgren, 1911a.
Type locality: Sri Lanka: Peradeniya: Hantana.
Distribution: Karnataka; Kerala (Chhotani
1997; Krishna et al. 2013; Mathew 2015).
Odontotermes feae (Wasmann, 1896)
Synonyms: Termes feae Wasmann, 1896; Odontotermes
indicus Thakur, 1981.
Type locality: Myanmar: Carin Chebà.
Distribution: Andhra Pradesh; Karnataka;
Kerala; Tamil Nadu (Bose 1984; Chhotani 1997; Rao et al. 2012; Krishna et al.
2013; Shanbhag & Sundararaj 2013; Mathew 2015; Vidyashree et al. 2018).
Odontotermes feaeoides Holmgren &
Holmgren, 1917*
Synonyms: Odontotermes (Odontotermes)
feaeoides Holmgren & Holmgren, 1917.
Type locality: India: Karnataka: Coorg:
Margalli.
Distribution: Karnataka (Holmgren &
Holmgren 1917; Bose 1984; Chhotani 1997; Krishna et al. 2013).
Odontotermes globicola (Wasmann, 1902)
Synonyms Microtermes globicola
Wasmann, 1902; Termes (Termes) dehraduni Snyder, 1933b; Odontotermes
roonwali Bose, 1975.
Type locality: Sri Lanka: Anurhadhapura.
Distribution: Karnataka; Kerala; Tamil Nadu
(Bose 1975; Chhotani 1997; Krishna et al. 2013; Mathew 2015).
Odontotermes guptai Roonwal & Bose,
1961
Synonyms: Odontotermes bellahunisensis
guptai Roonwal & Bose, 1961; Odontotermes lokanandi Chatterjee
& Thakur, 1967.
Type locality: India: Rajasthan: Nagaur, near
Gudha Village.
Distribution: Kerala (Chhotani 1997; Rao et
al. 2012; Krishna et al. 2013; Mathew 2015).
Odontotermes horni (Wasmann, 1902)
Synonyms: Termes horni Wasmann, 1902; Termes
peradeniyae Holmgren, 1911b; Odontotermes horni hutsoni Kemner,
1926; Odontotermes horni minor Kemner, 1926.
Type locality: Sri Lanka: Nalanda.
Distribution: Andhra Pradesh; Karnataka;
Kerala; Tamil Nadu (Bose 1984; Chhotani 1997; Krishna et al. 2013; Shanbhag
& Sundararaj 2013; Mathew 2015).
Odontotermes kulkarnii Roonwal &
Chhotani, 1959*
Type locality: India: Karnataka: Bijapur.
Distribution: Karnataka (Roonwal &
Chhotani 1959; Bose 1984; Chhotani 1997; Krishna et al. 2013).
Odontotermes latiguloides Roonwal &
Verma, 1973
Type locality: India: Rajasthan: Bhilwara:
Mandalgarh.
Distribution: Karnataka (Chhotani 1997;
Krishna et al. 2013).
Odontotermes malabaricus Holmgren &
Holmgren, 1917
Synonym: Odontotermes (Odontotermes)
malabaricus Holmgren & Holmgren, 1917.
Type localities: India: Kerala: Malabar:
Poovanur.
Distribution: Karnataka; Kerala; Tamil Nadu
(Holmgren & Holmgren 1917; Chhotani 1997; Krishna et al. 2013; Mathew
2015).
Odontotermes microdentatus Roonwal
& Sen-Sarma, 1960
Type locality: India: Uttarakhand: Dehradun:
Dobhalwala.
Distribution: Andhra Pradesh; Karnataka
(Chhotani 1997; Krishna et al. 2013; Mathew 2015).
Odontotermes obesus (Rambur, 1842)
Synonyms: Termes obesus Rambur, 1842; Termes fatalis König,
1779; Odontotermes (Cyclotermes) bengalensis Holmgren,
1912a; Odontotermes (Cyclotermes) assamensis Holmgren,
1913c; Odontotermes (Cyclotermes) bangalorensis Holmgren,
1913c; Odontotermes (Cyclotermes) flavomaculatus Holmgren
& Holmgren, 1917; Odontotermes (Cyclotermes) obesus oculatus
Silvestri, 1923b; Termes (Cyclotermes) orissae Snyder,
1934; Termes obesus assmuthi Van Boven, 1969.
Type locality: India: Bombay.
Distribution: Andhra Pradesh; Karnataka;
Kerala; Tamil Nadu (Bose 1984; Chhotani 1997; Rao et al. 2012; Krishna et al.
2013; Shanbhag & Sundararaj 2013; Mathew 2015; Kalleshwaraswamy et al.
2018; Vidyashree et al. 2018).
Odontotermes parvidens Holmgren &
Holmgren, 1917
Synonyms: Odontotermes (Odontotermes) parvidens
Holmgren & Holmgren, 1917; Odontotermes microdens Silvestri, 1914b; Termes
(Cyclotermes) almorensis Snyder, 1933b.
Type localities: India: Karnataka.
Distribution: Karnataka (Holmgren &
Holmgren 1917; Chhotani 1997; Krishna et al. 2013).
Odontotermes redemanni (Wasmann, 1893)
Synonym: Termes redemanni Wasmann, 1893
Type locality: Sri Lanka: Colombo.
Distribution: Andhra Pradesh; Karnataka;
Kerala; Tamil Nadu (Bose 1984; Chhotani 1997; Rao et al. 2012; Krishna et al.
2013; Shanbhag & Sundararaj 2013; Mathew 2015).
Odontotermes vaishno Bose, 1975*
Type locality: India: Kerala: Malabar: Kannoth
Forest Range: Wayanad Division.
Distribution: Karnataka; Kerala (Bose 1975,
1984; Chhotani 1997; Krishna et al. 2013; Mathew 2015).
Odontotermes wallonensis (Wasmann,
1902)
Synonyms: Termes obesus wallonensis Wasmann, 1902; Odontotermes
brunneus kushwahai Roonwal & Bose, 1964.
Type locality: India: Maharashtra: Ahmadnagar:
Sangamner: Wallon.
Distribution: Andhra Pradesh; Karnataka;
Kerala; Tamil Nadu (Bose 1984; Chhotani 1997; Rao et al. 2012; Krishna et al.
2013; Shanbhag & Sundararaj 2013; Mathew 2015).
Odontotermes yadevi Thakur, 1981*
Type locality: India: Karnataka: Siddapur.
Distribution: Karnataka; Kerala (Thakur 1981;
Chhotani 1997; Krishna et al. 2013; Amina et al. 2016b; Kalleshwaraswamy et al.
2018; Vidyashree et al. 2018).
Subfamily Nasutitermitinae Hare,
1937
Genus Ampoulitermes Mathur & Thapa, 1962**
Ampoulitermes wynaadensis Mathur &
Thapa, 1962*
Type locality: India: Kerala: Wynaad: Periyar
Forest Range.
Distribution: Kerala (Mathur & Thapa
1962a; Bose 1984; Chhotani 1997; Krishna et al. 2013; Mathew 2015).
Genus Ceylonitermellus
Emerson, 1960
Ceylonitermellus periyarensis Amina
& Rajmohana, 2013b*
Type locality: Kerala: Idukki: Thekkady:
Anchuruli.
Distribution: Kerala (Amina & Rajmohana
2013b).
Genus Ceylonitermes
Holmgren, 1912
Ceylonitermes indicola Thakur, 1976
Type locality: India: Kerala: Nilambur.
Distribution: Kerala (Thakur 1976b; Bose 1984;
Chhotani 1997; Krishna et al. 2013; Mathew 2015).
Ceylonitermes paulosus Ipe &
Mathew, 2019*
Type locality: India: Kerala: Kottayam.
Distribution: Kerala (Ipe & Mathew 2019).
Genus Emersonitermes
Mathur & Sen-Sarma, 1959**
Emersonitermes thekadensis Mathur &
Sen-Sarma, 1959*
Type locality: India: Kerala: Travancore:
Thekkady.
Distribution: Kerala; Karnataka (Mathur &
Sen-Sarma 1959; Bose 1984; Chhotani 1997; Krishna et al. 2013; Mathew 2015).
Genus Grallatotermes
Holmgren, 1912
Grallatotermes grallatoriformis
(Holmgren & Holmgren, 1917)*
Synonym: Eutermes (Grallatotermes) grallatoriformis
Holmgren and Holmgren, 1917.
Type localities: India: Tamil Nadu: Anamalai
Hills: Tellkadi.
Distribution: Karnataka; Tamil Nadu (Holmgren
& Holmgren 1917; Bose 1984; Chhotani 1997; Krishna et al. 2013;
Kalleshwaraswamy et al. 2018).
Grallatotermes niger Chatterjee &
Thapa, 1964*
Type locality: India: Tamil Nadu: Tunacadur
Range: Topslip: Mt. Stuart Block.
Distribution: Kerala; Tamil Nadu (Chatterjee
& Thapa 1964b; Bose 1984; Chhotani 1997; Krishna et al. 2013; Amina et al.
2016b).
Genus Hospitalitermes
Holmgren, 1912
Hospitalitermes madrasi (Snyder, 1934)*
Synonym: Nasutitermes (Hospitalitermes) madrasi
Snyder, 1934.
Type locality: India: Tamil Nadu: North
Vellore.
Distribution: Tamil Nadu (Snyder 1934; Bose
1984; Chhotani 1997; Krishna et al. 2013).
Hospitalitermes monocers (König, 1779)
Synonym: Termes monoceros atrum König, 1779.
Type locality: Sri Lanka.
Distribution: Kerala (Amina et al. 2013; Mathew
2015).
Genus Nasutitermes Dudley,
1890
Nasutitermes anamalaiensis Snyder,
1933*
Synonyms: Nasutitermes (Rotunditermes) anamalaiensis
Snyder, 1933b; Alstonitermes flavescens Thakur, 1976c.
Type locality: India: Tamil Nadu: Anamalai
Hills.
Distribution: Andhra Pradesh; Karnataka;
Kerala; Tamil Nadu (Snyder 1933; Bose 1984; Chhotani 1997; Krishna et al. 2013;
Shanbhag & Sundararaj 2013; Mathew 2015; Kalleshwaraswamy et al. 2018;
Vidyashree et al. 2018).
Nasutitermes brunneus Snyder, 1934*
Synonym: Nasutitermes (Nasutitermes) brunneus
Snyder, 1934.
Type locality: India: Tamil Nadu: Anamalai
Hills.
Distribution: Karnataka; Kerala; Tamil Nadu
(Snyder 1934; Bose 1984; Chhotani 1997; Krishna et al. 2013; Shanbhag &
Sundararaj 2013; Mathew 2015).
Nasutitermes crassicornis (Holmgren
& Holmgren, 1917)*
Synonym: Eutermes (Eutermes) crassicornis
Holmgren & Holmgren, 1917.
Type locality: India: Karnataka: Bababudin
Hills.
Distribution: Karnataka; Tamil Nadu (Holmgren
& Holmgren 1917; Bose 1984; Chhotani 1997; Krishna et al. 2013; Shanbhag
& Sundararaj 2013).
Nasutitermes fletcheri (Holmgren &
Holmgren, 1917)
Synonym: Eutermes (Eutermes) fletcheri
Holmgren & Holmgren, 1917.
Type locality: India: Tamil Nadu: Shevaroy
Hills.
Distribution: Tamil Nadu (Holmgren &
Holmgren 1917; Bose 1984; Chhotani 1997; Krishna et al. 2013).
Nasutitermes indicola (Holmgren &
Holmgren, 1917)*
Synonyms: Eutermes (Eutermes) indicola
Holmgren & Holmgren, 1917; Eutermes (Eutermes) processionarius Schmitz, 1924;
Nasutitermes beckeri Prashad & Sen-Sarma, 1959.
Type locality: India: Tamil Nadu: Anamali
Hills.
Distribution: Karnataka; Kerala; Tamil Nadu
(Holmgren & Holmgren 1917; Bose 1984; Chhotani 1997; Krishna et al. 2013;
Mathew 2015; Kalleshwaraswamy et al. 2018; Vidyashree et al. 2018).
Nasutitermes krishna Roonwal &
Bose, 1970
Type locality: India: Andaman Islands: Little
Andaman: Kwate-tu-Kwage.
Distribution: Karnataka (Kalleshwaraswamy et
al. 2018).
Nasutitermes matangensis matangensis
(Haviland, 1898)
Synonyms: Termes matangensis Haviland, 1898; Eutermes
(Eutermes) matangensiformis Holmgren, 1913c; Eutermes
djemberensis Kemner, 1934.
Type locality: Malaysia: Borneo: Sarawak:
Matang.
Distribution: Kerala (Amina et al. 2016b).
Nasutitermes vishnu Bose, 1984*
Type locality: India: Karnataka: Coorg: Makut.
Distribution: Karnataka (Bose 1984; Chhotani
1997; Krishna et al. 2013).
Genus Trinervitermes
Holmgren, 1912
Trinervitermes biformis (Wasmann, 1902)
Synonyms: Eutermes biformis Wasmann, 1902; Eutermes heimi
Wasmann, 1902; Nasutitermes (Trinervitermes) longinotus
Snyder, 1934.
Type locality: Sri Lanka: Bandarawella.
Distribution: Andhra Pradesh; Karnataka;
Kerala; Tamil Nadu (Bose 1984; Chhotani 1997; Krishna et al. 2013; Mathew 2015;
Vidyashree et al. 2018).
Trinervitermes fletcheri Chatterjee
& Thakur, 1965
Type locality: India: Tamil Nadu: Coimbatore.
Distribution: Tamil Nadu (Chatterjee &
Thakur 1965; Bose 1984; Chhotani 1997; Krishna et al. 2013).
Trinervitermes nigrirostris Mathur
& Sen-Sarma, 1959*
Type locality: India: Tamil Nadu: Mandapam.
Distribution: Karnataka; Tamil Nadu (Mathur
& Sen-Sarma 1959; Bose 1984; Chhotani 1997; Krishna et al. 2013).
Trinervitermes rabidus (Hagen, 1859)
Synonym: Termes rabidus Hagen, 1859.
Type locality: Sri Lanka: Colombo.
Distribution: Tamil Nadu (Chhotani 1997).
Trinervitermes sensarmai Bose, 1984*
Type locality: India: Andhra Pradesh: North
Vijayapuri.
Distribution: Andhra Pradesh (Bose 1984;
Chhotani 1997; Krishna et al. 2013).
Discussion
Checklist of species from a
defined locality serves as a base for further research. Southern Indian
termites comprise 132 species from five families, viz., Hodotermitidae,
Kalotermitidae, Rhinotermitidae, Stylotermitidae, and Termitidae. The distribution of few of these species is
still uncertain. There is a need to
systematically study and identify the voucher specimens of the uncertain
records to confirm their presence in the region. Among the reported, Termitidae is the
dominant family comprising 106 species from four subfamilies. This indicates that an addition to fauna of
termites has occurred in the region after a comprehensive work by Bose (1984),
who reported a total of 70 species from 23 genera in the subfamily
Termitinae. Five genera and 36 species
of the subfamily were added later on.
Endemism of termites fauna of the region is high, out of the 138 species,
59 species (42.75%) reported are endemic to southern India. Subfamily Termitinae of family Termitidae
accounts for a maximum endemism with 19 species out of 42 endemic species of
the family. Among the 37 genera reported
from southern India, five genera are endemic to the region with eight species. Three genera of subfamily Termitinae, viz., Indocapritermes,
Krishnacapritermes, and Labiocapritermes with one species each in
Indocapritermes and Labiocapritermes and four in Krishnacapritermes
are endemic to the region. Two genera of
subfamily Nasutitermitinae, viz., Ampoulitermes and Emersonitermes
with one species each are endemic to southern India. The latest additions of species to the
regional termite diversity are Krishnacapritermes dineshan Amina
& Rajmohana, 2020 and Krishnacapritermes manikandan Amina &
Rajmohana, 2020 are endemic to the Western Ghats of southern India (Amina et
al. 2020). Families such as
Hodotermitidae and Stylotermitidae have only one representative species in the
region; Anacanthotermes viarum and Stylotermes fletcheri,
respectively. Hence, this provides an
update to the termite fauna of southern India, which, in turn, help
termitologist’s to look forward for the additions to the termite fauna in the
region and direct them towards conservation of endemic species.
References
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