Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26
December 2019 | 11(15): 15053–15060
A review
of the leafhopper tribe Agalliini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Megophthalminae)
with a revised key to the known Pakistani genera and species
Hassan Naveed
1, Kamran Sohail 2, Waqar Islam 3 & Yalin
Zhang 4
1 College of Life Science, Leshan
Normal University, Leshan, Sichuan 614004, China.
1,2,4 Key
Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of the Ministry of
Education, Entomological Museum, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
3 Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical
Processes of the Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou
350007, China.
1 hassan.naveed88@outlook.com, 2 kamran.sohail@nwafu.edu.cn,
3 ddoapsial@yahoo.com,
4 yalinzh@nwafu.edu.cn (corresponding author)
doi: https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.4957.11.15.15053-15060
|
ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:A21F6937-694F-4EE3-954F-F2070DA7D75E
Editor: K.A. Subramanian, Zoological Survey of India, Chennai,
India. Date of publication: 26 December
2019 (online & print)
Manuscript details: #4957 | Received 19 March 2019 |
Final received 24 October 2019 | Finally accepted 30 November 2019
Citation: Naveed, H., K. Sohail, W. Islam & Y. Zhang (2019). A review of the leafhopper tribe Agalliini
(Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Megophthalminae)
with a revised key to the known Pakistani genera and species. Journal of Threatened Taxa 11(15): 15053–15060. https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.3891.11.15.15053-15060
Copyright: © Naveed et al. 2019. Creative Commons Attribution
4.0 International License. JoTT allows unrestricted use, reproduction, and
distribution of this article in any medium by adequate credit to the author(s)
and the source of publication
Funding: This study was supported by the Key scientific
research project of university-level discipline construction of Leshan Normal University (LZD029), National Natural Science
Foundation (31420103911, 31093430) and by the Ministry of Science and
Technology of China (2015FY210300, 2005DKA21402).
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing
interests.
Acknowledgements:
We express our sincere thanks to
John Richard Schrock, Emporia State University, USA and Prof.
C.A. Viraktamath University of Agricultural Science,
Bangalore, India, for reviewing this manuscript and providing valuable
comments.
Abstract: The tribe Agalliini is
reviewed from Pakistan with additional description and illustration of a new
record Anaceratagallia pararobusta
(Pruthi) 1936.
An updated checklist and keys are given to distinguish all the genera
and species of the tribe Agalliini from Pakistan.
Keywords: Cicadomorpha, new record, taxonomy.
The leafhopper tribe Agalliini
of the subfamily Megophthalminae includes 37 genera
and 650 species worldwide (Gonçalves & Dietrich 2009; Viraktamath
2011; Viraktamath et al. 2012). Most of the species are grass, herb or
leguminous crop feeders (Viraktamath 2011) and 13
species are known to be vectors of plant diseases (Wilson & Turner
2010). Agalliine
species can be distinguished from other Cicadellidae
by combination of the following characters: head short and broad, usually wider
than pronotum; ocelli on face close to dorsal margin; forewing with appendix
very narrow or absent; hind wing with four apical cells closed; hind tibial
macrosetae on AV starting from midlength of tibia, metabasitarsomere with one or two platellae
on distal transverse row of setae; male subgenital
plates short, often fused at base and male style usually forked caudally. Viraktamath (2011)
provided a detailed study of the tribe Agalliini from
the Oriental and Australian regions and compiled all of the available literature
from those regions. Soon thereafter, Viraktamath et al. (2012) studied the Chinese Agalliini fauna and added four new genera and 10 new
species, bringing the Chinese Agalliini to a total of
14 genera and 41 species.
Pruthi (1930, 1936) described two species of Agalliini from Pakistan, namely Agallia
robusta and Durgades
idiocera from Murree Hills. Later, Mahmood (1979) reported the presence
of the genera Aceratagallia Kirkaldy, Agallia Curtis,
Agalliopsis Kirkaldy,
Anaceratagallia Zachvatkin,
Ceratagallia Kirkaldy,
Nehela White, Peragallia
Ribaut and Austroagallia
Evans, but no material has been found to confirm those
identifications. Viraktamath
(1973, 2004) described Austroagallia nitobei (Matsumura) and the new species Durgades sympatrica Viraktamath from Pakistan.
Subsequently, Khatri et al. (2010) studied six species of Agalliini providing their re-descriptions and
illustrations. Later, Viraktamath (2011) transferred all three Pakistani species
of Agallia Curtis to Anaceratagallia Zachvatkin. In this paper, we report a new record of Anaceratagallia pararobusta
(Pruthi, 1936) from Pakistan. The tribe Agalliini
comprises three genera and 11 species from Pakistan. The specimens examined are deposited in the
Entomological Museum, Northwest A&F University, Yangling,
Shaanxi, China (NWAFU).
Checklist of tribe Agalliini
from Pakistan
Anaceratagallia aciculate (Horváth, 1894)
Anaceratagallia cuspidate Dlabola, 1957
Anaceratagallia pararobusta (Pruthi, 1936) n. rec.
Anaceratagallia robusta Pruthi, 1930
AustroagalliafagonicaSawai
Singh & Gill, 1973
Austroagallia nitobei (Matsumura, 1912)
Austroagallia sarobica (Dlabola, 1964)
Austroagallia robusta Sawai Singh & Gill, 1973
Austroagallia sinuate (Mulsant& Rey, 1855)
Durgades idiocera Pruthi, 1930
Durgades sympatrica Viraktamath, 2004
Note. Detailed descriptions of known genera and species
have been already provided by Viraktamath (2011) and
hence are not repeated here except for the locality records and remarks.
Key to the genera of Agalliini
from Pakistan
1. Hind
margin of crown not curved or, if so,
evenly curved
behind eyes ……………..…..……..… 2
- Hind margin of
crown sinuately curved behind
eyes; base of
aedeagus not sunken into dorsal
apodeme,
asymmetrical; anal collar well
developed, with
hooks or distally dentate; ocelli
located in
rather deep pits...Austroagallia Evans
2. Pronotum
transversely rugose; aedeagus without
subapical
finger-like processes surrounding
gonopore
................ Anaceratagallia Zachvatkin
- Pronotum not
rugose; aedeagus with
subapical
finger-like processes surrounding
gonopore
…………………......…… Durgades Distant
Genus Anaceratagallia
Zachvatkin
Anaceratagallia Zachvatkin 1946: 159–161.
Type-species: Cicada venosa
Fourcroy, 1785 by original designation.
Distribution: Palaearctic, Afrotropical and Oriental regions
Key to the species of Anaceratagallia
from Pakistan (modified from Viraktamath
2011)
1. Anal
collar process tridentate; aedeagal
shaft with pair
of subapical tooth-like processes
……………………....……………….…………
A. cuspidata
- Anal collar
process with one or two subacute
projections
distally; aedeagus lacking
processes
........................................................ 2
2. Anal
collar process with ventral subacute
and dorsal acute
projections, caudal margin
between them
either smooth or crenulated
…………………………………………….....……..
A. robusta
- Anal collar
process with single subacute
projection
…………............………………………...…. 3
3. Aedeagal
shaft with one subapical tooth on
dorsal margin
……….....…………..…… A. aciculata
- Aedeagal shaft
devoid of subapical tooth on
dorsal margin
……....…….……….… A. pararobusta
Anaceratagallia aciculate (Horváth)
Agallia venosa var. aciculate Horváth
1894: 186
Agallia aciculate Vilbaste 1962: 134
Anaceratagallia aciculata; Metcalf 1966: 79; Viraktamath
2011: 16.
Material examined: Not available.
Remarks: Khatri et al. (2010) reported this species from
Pakistan and illustrated the male genitalia.
Distribution: Pakistan, Palaearctic region
Anaceratagallia cuspidate Dlabola
Anaceratagallia cuspidate Dlabola 1957: 298–299, figs 106–110; Viraktamath
2011: 16, figs 100–105;
Agallia pseudorobusta Rao & Ramakrishnan 1978a: 236–237, figs. 1 a–l.
Material examined: Not available.
Remarks: This species is similar to A. robusta
in morphology but can be distinguished by tridentate anal collar process
and aedeagal shaft with tooth-like paired projections (Viraktamath
2011).
Distribution: India, Pakistan, Palaearctic region
Anaceratagallia pararobusta (Pruthi, 1936)
Image 1A, Figure 1A–C
Agallia pararobusta Pruthi 1936: 104–105, fig. 119, pl. VIII, fig. 4; Anaceratagallia pararobusta
Viraktamath, 2011: 17, figs 3, 4, 14, 106–108.
Measurement: Body length: Male. 3.1mm. Vertex width including
eyes, 1mm; vertex length, 0.24mm; pronotum width, 0.93mm; pronotum length,
0.5mm; scutellum width, 0.5mm; scutellum length, 0.39mm.
Material examined: Hm035141–Hm035145, 5 males, 10.viii.2017, Pakistan:
Azad Jammu & Kashmir: Rawalakot, 33.858°N,
73.765°E, 1638m, coll. Hassan Naveed.
Diagnosis. Vertex with a couple of rectangular black spots
obliquely placed. Face Ochraceous, with a few fuscous markings, fronto-clypeus with dark brown spots at lateral margin. Pronotum with black spots on anterior margin,
median longitudinal spot larger than lateral spots on both sides on posterior
margin. Basal triangles of scutellum
with two black spots, posterior half brown.
Forewings ochraceous with fuscous veins, cells mostly infuscated.
Male genitalia. Pygofer caudo-ventrally produced into
spine-like process of unequal width.
Aedeagal shaft mostly slender with slender dorsal apodeme. Anal collar with finger-like process, dorsal
process directed ventrally.
Female genitalia. Hind margin of seventh sternite broadly concave.
This species closely resembles A. laevis (Ribaut) but differs
in aedeagal shaft more slender.
Distribution: India, Pakistan
Anaceratagallia robusta (Pruthi, 1930)
Agallia robusta Pruthi 1930: 10–12, text
figs 10–12; Agallia delhiensis
Rao & Ramakrishnan 1978b: 241, fig. 3 a–l; Agallia
robusta Khatri et al. 2010: 36, plate I,
Fig. 4; Anaceratagallia robusta
Viraktamath 2011: 17, figs 3, 4, 14, 23, 41–44,
109–120, 563, 577, 592.
Material examined: Not available
Remarks: This species is similar to A. laevis
(Ribaut) but can be differentiated by the shape
of the anal collar process with dorsal finger-like projection, and caudal
margin oblique, crenulate to smooth (Viraktamath
2011).
Distribution: India, Pakistan
Genus Austroagallia
Evans
Austroagallia Evans, 1935:
70. Type-species: Austroagallia torrid Evans,
by monotypy.
Peragallia Ribaut,
1948: 59. Type species: Bythoscopus sinuatus Mulsant and Rey, by
original designation; synonymy by Le Quesne 1964: 73.
Distribution: Australian, Afrotropical, Oceanic, Oriental and
Palaearctic regions
Key to the species of Austroagallia
from Pakistan
(modified from Viraktamath
2011)
1. Forewing
with brownish reticulate venation;
crown and
pronotum with minute dot-like
marks
…................…………..……………... A. robusta
- Forewing
venation not reticulated; crown
with prominent
spots ……….......………….……… 2
2. Aedeagal
shaft with basal stout, elongate
process
……………..................……..….. A. sarobica
- Aedeagal shaft
lacking basal process, or
reduced,
tooth-like ………………..………….....……. 3
3. Aedeagal
shaft with laminate process
surrounding
gonopore; anal collar hook
spindle-shaped
…………………..…….….. A. nitobei
- Aedeagal shaft
neither laminately expanded
nor with
laminate process or may be slightly
expanded
medially …......………………….………… 4
4. Aedeagus
with a pair of finger-like processes
at apex
…………………………….....….... A. fagonica
- Aedeagus
without a pair of finger-like processes
at apex
……………………..…………….……. A. sinuata
Austroagallia fagonica Singh & Gill, 1973
Image 1B, Figure 1D–J
Austroagallia fagonica Singh & Gill 1973, in Bindra,
1973: 12–14, pl. 3, figs. 1–11; Viraktamath and Sohi 1980: 287, figs 17–21; Viraktamath
2011: 28, Figs. 45–48, 134–140.
Measurement: Body length: Male. 3.8mm. Vertex width including
eyes, 1.1mm; vertex length, 0.14mm; pronotum width, 1mm; pronotum length,
0.54mm; scutellum width, 0.6mm; scutellum length, 0.4mm.
Material examined: Hm35266–Hm35271, 6 males, Hm35272–Hm35282, 10 females,
11.viii.2017, Pakistan: Azad Jammu & Kashmir: Rawalakot,
33.858°N, 73.765°E, 1,638m, coll. Hassan Naveed.
Remarks: This species has considerable color
variation as described by Viraktamath 2011, but the
male genitalia characters are consistent, such as the aedeagal shaft slightly
broadened at the basal half (it maybe slender in the same species), with two
finger-like processes directed on one lateral side and the anal collar process
without a dorsal marginal tooth. These variations are interpreted as
intraspecific variation. Austroagallia fagonica, as
discussed by Viraktamath and Sohi
(1980) resembles the Egyptian species Austroagallia
canopus Linnavuori
(1969) from which it differs in having a simple anal collar process compared to
the branched process found in A. canopus.
Distribution: India, Pakistan.
Austroagallia nitobei (Matsumura, 1912)
Agallia nitobei Matsumura 1912: 316;
Austroagallia nitobei (Matsumura), Viraktamath
1973: 307–308, figs 1, 2; Viraktamath & Sohi 1980: 285, figs. 1–4; Viraktamath
2011: 29, Figs. 141–143.
Material examined: Not available.
Remarks: Viraktamath (1973) recognized variation in populations of this
species from Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam, Pakistan and India. This species is similar to the Palaearctic
species A. avicula (Ribaut)
in external features but can be distinguished by the aedeagus with a basal
fold-like tubercle, shaft slender, and apical process elongate and oval with a
crenulated lower border (Viraktamath 2011).
Distribution: India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, China (Taiwan), Thailand,
Vietnam.
Austroagallia robusta Singh & Gill in Bindra,
1973
Austroagallia robusta Singh & Gill 1973, in Bindra
1973: 14–15, pl 4: figs 1–11; Viraktamath
& Sohi 1980: 287, figs 11–16; Khatri et al. 2010:
35, pl 1b, fig. 2; Viraktamath
2011: 33, Figs. 36, 148–151.
Material examined: Not available.
Remarks: The aedeagus of A. robusta
is about the same as that of the A. sinuata,
but it differs in having the anal collar process slightly stout and with a
curve. It can also be differentiated from other species of Austroagallia
by the pair of very small speckle-like spots on the crown and pronotum and
reticulate piceous venation on the disc of the corium
(Viraktamath 2011).
Distribution: India, Pakistan.
Austroagallia sarobica (Dlabola, 1964)
Peragallia sarobica Dlabola 1964: 246;
Austroagallia sarobica (Dlabola): Dlabola 1972: 218, generic placement; Bindra
1973: 4; Viraktamath & Sohi
1980: 289, figs 29–33; Khatri et al. 2010: 35, pl
1c, Fig. 3; Viraktamath 2011: 34, Figs. 152–155.
Material examined: Not available
Remarks: This species is similar to A. robusta
in crown and pronotum having round spots, but differs in having the male
genitalia with anal collar tridentate, aedeagal shaft with a basal process
making it strongly asymmetrical, and forewings without subdivided anteapical cells (Viraktamath
2011).
Distribution: India, Pakistan, Afrotropical and Palearctic regions
Austroagallia sinuata (Mulsant & Rey, 1855)
Image 1C–E, Figure 2A–C
Bythoscopus sinuatus Mulsant & Rey 1855: 222;
Agallia quadrisignata Flor 1861: 557, synonymy by Fieber
1868: 462;
Agallia homeyeri Kirschbaum 1868: 32, synonymy by Fieber
1872: 32;
Agallia fieberi Vismara 1878: 41, synonymy by Löw
1885: 346;
Austroagallia afganistanensis Rao, Ramakrishnan & Ghai
1979: 655–656;
Austroagallia sinuate Khatri
et al. 2010: 35, pl 1a, Fig. 1; Viraktamath
2011: 34, Figs. 24, 49–51, 156–158.
Measurements. Body length: Male. 3mm. Vertex width including eyes, 0.99mm; vertex
length, 0.1mm; pronotum width, 0.85mm; pronotum length, 0.44mm; scutellum
width, 0.6mm; scutellum length, 0.4mm.
Material examined: Hm032752–Hm032754, 3 males, Hm032751, 1 female, 4.viii.2016,
Pakistan: Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Abbottabad, 34.168°N, 73.221°E, 1,256m, coll.
Hassan Naveed.
Remarks: This species is widely distributed in the southern
Palaearctic, Afrotropical and western Oriental and Neotropical regions. It shows great variation in the structure of
both the anal collar process and aedeagus but usually is without reticulate
venation of the forewing.
Distribution: India, Pakistan, Afrotropical, Palearctic regions and
Neotropical regions.
Genus Durgades Distant
Durgades Distant 1912:
608; 1916: 237; Viraktamath 2004: 365–366.
Type-species: Durgades
nigropictus Distant, by original designation.
Distribution: Foot hills of the Himalayas.
Key to the species of Durgades (modified from Viraktamath
2011)
- Aedeagal shaft
with four finger-like processes
surrounding
gonopore ….…..….….. D. idiocera
- Aedeagal shaft
with three finger-like subapical
processes
…………..............………..… D. sympatrica
Durgades idiocera Pruthi, 1930
Durgades idiocera Pruthi 1930: 13–15, figs. 15–17, pl. II, figs. 1, 1a, 2; Viraktamath 2004: 369–370, figs 24–25; Viraktamath
2011: 46, Figs. 196–197.
Material examined: Not available.
Remarks: This species was collected by Pruthi
(1930) from Murree Hills. This species
can be distinguished from the other Durgades
species in lacking a cross vein between the claval
veins of the forewings and having the aedeagal shaft with three curved
finger-like processes and one straighter process surrounding the gonopore (Viraktamath 2011).
Distribution: Pakistan.
Durgades sympatrica Viraktamath, 2004
Image 1F–I, Figure 2D–J
Durgades sympatrica Viraktamath 2004: 374, Figs. 57–65; Viraktamath
2011: 49, Figs. 229–237.
Measurements. Body length: Male. 3.2mm. Vertex width including eyes,
1.4mm; vertex length, 0.1mm; pronotum width, 1.1mm; pronotum length, 0.5mm;
scutellum width, 0.8mm; scutellum length, 0.59mm.
Material examined: Hm35291–Hm35298, 8 males, Hm35288–Hm35290, 3 females,
25.viii.2017, Pakistan, Punjab, Murree Hills, 33.907°N, 73.394°E, 2291m, coll.
Hassan Naveed.
Remarks: This species closely resembles D. idiocera in coloration, external appearance and
markings but can be readily distinguished by the three subapical aedeagal
processes, of which one is distally bilobed with a serrated margin. The species can be brachypterous to
macropterous.
Distribution: Pakistan.
For
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