Meliolaceae
of Kerala, India – XXX new species and new records
V.B. Hosagoudar 1& M.C. Riju 2
1,2 Tropical Botanic Garden and
Research Institute, Palode, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695562, India
Email: 1 vbhosagoudar@rediffmail.com
Date of publication (online): 26 April 2010
Date of publication (print): 26 April 2010
ISSN 0974-7907 (online) | 0974-7893 (print)
Editor: Richard Mibey
Manuscript details:
Ms # o2058
Received 13 September 2008
Final revised received 24 April 2009
Finally accepted 23 February 2010
Citation: Hosagoudar, V.B. & M.C. Riju (2010). Meliolaceae
of Kerala, India – XXX new species and new records. Journal of Threatened Taxa 2(4): 824-826.
Copyright: © V.B. Hosagoudar & M.C. Riju 2010. Creative
Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. JoTT allows unrestricted use
of this article in any medium for non-profit purposes, reproduction and
distribution by providing adequate credit to the authors and the source of
publication.
Acknowledgements: We thank the Director, Tropical
Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Palode, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala for
the facilities. We are grateful to the Ministry of Environment and Forest, New
Delhi for financial support and to the Forest Department, Govt. of Kerala for
forest permission.
Irenopsis trichiliae sp. nov.
(Fig. 1)
Material
examined
10.xi.2007,
on leaves of Trichilia sp. (Meliaceae), 16th mile, Padinharathara, Wayanad,
Kerala, India, coll. M.C. Riju HCIO 48177 (holotype), TBGT 2913 (isotype), (Myco Bank # 518227).
Coloniae epiphyllae, subdensae, dispersae, ad
2mm diam., confluentes. Hyphae rectae vel flexuosae, opposite vel alternatim, acuteque vel laxe ramosae, laxe vel arte
reticulatae, cellulae 11-33 x 6-11 µm. Appressoria alternata, antrorsa vel subantrorsa, 13-26
µm longa; cellulae basilares cylindraceae vel
cuneatae, 4-11 µm longae; cellulae apicales globosae,
angularis, sublobatae vel fortiter lobatae, 8-18 x 11-18 µm. Phialides
appressoriis intermixtae, oppositae vel unilateralis, ampulliformes, 17-24 x 6-9
µm. Perithecia
dispersa, ad 209µm diam.; setae peritheciales 0-5 numero, rectae, simplices, ad
apicem obtusae, ad 198µm longae; ascosporae cylindraceae, 4-septatae,
leniter constrictus ad septatae, 37-46 x 15-18 µm.
Colonies
epiphyllous, subdense, scattered, up to 2µm in diam., confluent. Hyphae straight to flexuous, branching
opposite to alternate at acute to wide angles, loosely to closely reticulate,
cells 11-33 x 6-11 µm. Appressoria
alternate, unilateral, antrorse to subantrorse, 13-26 µm long; stalk cells
cylindrical to cuneate, 4-11 µm long; head cells globose, angular, sublobate to
deeply lobate 8-18 x 11-18 µm. Phialides mixed with appressoria, opposite to
unilateral, ampulliform, 17-24 x 6-9 µm. Perithecia scattered, up to 209µm in diameter; perithecial setae 0-5 in
number, straight, simple, obtuse at the apex, up to 198µm long; ascospores
cylindrical, 4-septate, slightly constricted at the septa, 37-47 x 15-18 µm.
Irenopsis chukrasiae Hosag., I. inidica (Anahosur) Hosag., I. murrayae Hosag. & Rajkumar are known on
the members of the family Meliaceae (Hosagoudar 1996; Hosagoudar et al.
2001). Irenopsis trichiliae differs from I. chukrasiae in having only unicellular stalk
cells of the appressoria and from I. indica in having straight hyphae and 0-5 perithecial setae. It also differs from I. murrayae in having angular to lobate head
cells of the appressoria.
Meliola
ailanthicola sp. nov.
(Fig. 2)
Material
examined
30.ix.2007,
on leaves of Ailanthus triphysa malabarica (Dennst.) Alston (Simaroubaceae),
16th mile, Padinharathara, Wayanad, Kerala, India, coll. M.C. Riju HCIO 48170(holotype), TBGT 2906 (isotype), (MycoBank
# 518228).
Coloniae hypophyllae, tenues, ad 4mm diam., confluentes. Hyphae anfractuae, alternate vel opposite, acuteque vel laxe
ramosae, laxe vel arte reticulatae, cellulae 13-33 x 4-9 µm. Appressoria alternata vel
unilateralis, recta vel curvula, antrorsa, subantrorsa velretrorsa, 13-27 µm longa; cellulae basilares cylindraceae vel
cuneatae, 4-16 µm longae; cellulae apicales ovatae, globosae,
truncatae vel leniter lobatae, 8-13 x 6-9 µm. Phialides appressoriis intermixtae,
oppositae, alternatae vel unilateralis, ampulliformes, 13-22 x 4-9
µm. Setae myceliales dispersae, simplices, rectae, ad apicem acutae, obtusae
vel 2-5 dentatae, ad 400µm longae. Perithecia
dispersa, ad 160µm diam.; ascosporae obovoideae, 4-septatae, leniter constrictus ad septatae, 37-44 x 13-16 µm.
Colonies
hypophyllous, thin, up to 4mm in diam., confluent. Hyphae crooked, branching alternate to opposite at acute to
wide angles, loosely to closely reticulate, cells 13-33 x 4-9 µm. Appressoria alternate to unilateral,
straight to curved, antrorse, subantrorse to retrorse, 13-27 µm long; stalk
cells cylindrical to cuneate, 4-16 µm long; head cells ovate, globose, truncate
to slightly lobate, 8-13 x 6-9 µm. Phialides mixed with appressoria, opposite,
alternate to unilateral, ampulliform, 13-22 x 4-9 µm. Mycelial setae scattered, simple, straight, acute, obtuse to 2-5 dentate at the tip, up to 400µm long.
Perithecia scattered, up to 160µm in diam.; ascospores
obovoidal, 4- septate, slightly constricted at the septa, 37-44 x 13-16 µm.
This
species differs from Meliola ailanthi Sharma et al. emend.Hosag. inhaving strongly appressed colonies on the lower surface of the leaves and
having distinctly crooked mycelium (Hosagoudar 1996).
Meliola kamettiae sp. nov.
(Fig. 3)
Material
examined
29.ix.2007,
on leaves of Kamettia caryophyllata Roxb. (Apocynaceae), 16th mile,
Padinharathara, Wayanad, Kerala, India, coll. M.C. Riju HCIO 48175 (holotype), TBGT 2911 (isotype), (MycoBank # 518229).
Coloniae hypophyllae, dispersae, densae,
velutinae, ad 4mm diam., raro confluentes. Hyphae rectae vel subrectae, plerumque
opposite acuteque vel laxe ramosae, laxe
vel arte reticulatae, cellulae 13-35 x 4-7 µm. Appressoria alternata vel unilateralis, recta, antrorsa,
11-20 µm longa; cellulae basilares cylindraceae vel
cuneatae, 2-9 µm longae; cellulae apicales ovatae, globosae,
7-13 x 6-11 µm. Phialides appressoriis intermixtae,
oppositae, alternatae, unilateralis, ampulliformes, 11-22 x 4-7
µm. Setae myceliales
numerosae, ad 260µm longae, simplices, rectae,
paucae curvulae vel uncinatae, ad apicem obtusae, bifidae, trifidae, saepe
subdentatae, furcatae vel ramosae, ramulae ad 30µm longae. Perithecia dispersa,
ad 150µm diam.; ascosporae cylindraceae, 4-septatae, leniter constrictus ad septatae, 26-33 x 8-11 µm.
Colonieshypophyllous, scattered, dense, velvety, up to 4mm in
diam., rarely confluent. Hyphae
straight to substraight, branching mostly opposite at acute to wide angles,
loosely to closely reticulate, cells 13-35 x 4-7 µm. Appressoria alternate, unilateral, straight, antrorse, 11-20
µm long; stalk cells cylindrical to cuneate, 2-9 µm long; head cells ovate,
globose, 7-13 x 6-11 µm. Phialides
mixed with appressoria, opposite, alternate, unilateral, ampulliform, 11-22 x
4-7 µm. Mycelial setae numerous,
up to 260µm long, simple, straight, few slightly curved to uncinate, obtuse,
bifid, trifid, often subdentate to furcated to branched at the tip, branches up
to 30µm long. Perithecia
scattered, up to 150µm in diam.; ascospores cylindrical, 4-septate, slightly
constricted at the septa, 26-33 x 8-11 µm.
Straight,
slightly curved to uncinate, obtuse, bifid, trifid, often subdentate to
furcated mycelial setae distinguishes this taxon from rest of the Meliola species reported on the members of
the family Apocynaceae (Hansford 1961; Hosagoudar 1996, 2008; Hosagoudar et al.
1997).
Meliola psophocarpi sp. nov.
(Fig. 4)
Material
examined
30.ix.2007,
on leaves of Psophocarpus tetragonolobus L. (Fabaceae), 16th mile, Padinharathara, Wayanad,
Kerala, India, coll. M.C. Riju, HCIO 48174 (holotype), TBGT 2910 (isotype), (MycoBank # 518230).
Coloniae foliicolae, fructicolae, epiphyllae,
tenues, dispersae, ad 3mm diam, saepe confluentes. Hyphae undulatae, plerumque opposite laxe ramosae, laxe vel arte reticulatae, cellulae
11-33 x 4-7 µm. Appressoria alternata, unilateralis, ad 3% opposita,
recta vel leniter curvula, subantrorsa vel retrorsa, 11-20 µm longa;
cellulae basilares cylindraceae vel cuneatae, 2-11 µm longae;
cellulae apicales ovatae, globosae, 8-11 µm diam. Phialides appressoriis intermixtae,
oppositae, alternatae, unilateralis, ampulliformes, 13-20 x 6-9
µm. Setae myceliales dispersae,simplices, rectae vel leniter curvulae, ad apicem acutae vel obtusae, ad
360µm longae. Perithecia dispersa,
ad 130µm diam.; ascosporae cylindraceae, 4-septatae, leniter constrictus ad septatae, 33-38 x 8-11 µm.
Colonies
foliicolous, fructicolous, epiphyllous, thin, scattered, up to 3µm in diam.,
often confluent. Hyphae undulate branching mostly opposite at wide angles,
loosely to closely reticulate, cells 11-33 x 4-7 µm. Appressoria alternate, unilateral, up to 3% opposite,
straight to slightly curved, subantrorse to retrorse, 11-20 µm long; stalk
cells cylindrical to cuneate, 2-11 µm long; head cells ovate, globose, 8-11
µm. Phialides mixed with
appressoria, alternate, opposite, unilateral, ampulliform, 13-20 x 6-9 µm. Mycelial setae scattered, simple,
straight to slightly curved, acute to obtuse at the tip, up to 360µm long. Perithecia scattered, up to 130µm in diam.;
ascospores cylindrical, 4 septate, slightly constricted at the septa, 33-38 x
8-11 µm.
Psophocarpus tetragonolobus is a climbing shrub, native of South East Asia, has been
extensively cultivated in the backyards for its quadrangular pods used in the
culinary purposes. The leaves of
this plant is being infected with the black mildew fungus and is similar to M. nyanzae in having the same digital formula
but differs from it in not being a strong parasite in producing pathogenic
symptoms (Hansford 1961; Hosagoudar 1996; Hu et al. 1996, 1999).
References
Hansford, C.G. (1961). The Meliolaceae. A Monograph. Sydowia. Beih2: 1-806.
Hosagoudar, V.B. (1996). Meliolales of India. Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta, 363pp.
Hosagoudar, V.B. (1996). Meliolales of India. Vol. II. Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta,
380pp.
Hosagoudar, V.B., T.K. Abraham & P. Pushpangadan (1997). The Meliolineae - A
Supplement. Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Palode,
Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India, 201pp.
Hosagoudar, V.B., T.K. Abraham & C.K. Biju (2001). Meliolaceae of
Kerala, India - IX. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 25: 553-559.
Hu, Y., Y. Ouyang, S. Bin & G. Jiang (1996). Flora Fungorum Sinicorum. Vol. 4. Meliolales (1). Science Press Beijing, 270pp +
plate IV.
Hu, Y., S. Bin, Y. Ouyang
& G. Jiang (1999). Flora Fungorum Sinicorum. Vol. 11. Meliolales (2). Science Press Beijing, 252pp.