Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 February 2021 | 13(2): 17753–17779

ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print)

https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.4625.13.2.17753-17779

#4625 | Received 26 June 2019 | Final received 12 January 2021 | Finally accepted 04 February 2021

A report on the moth (Lepidoptera: Heterocera) diversity of Kavvai River basin in Kerala, India

Chembakassery Jose Alex ¹ , Koladyparambil Chinnan Soumya ² & Thavalathadathil Velayudhan Sajeev ³

^1–3 Forest Protection Division, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, Thrissur, Kerala 680653, India.

¹ alexcj37@gmail.com (corresponding author), ² soumyakc09@gmail.com, ³ tvsajeev@gmail.com

Editor: Jatishwor Singh Irungbam, Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre CAS, Czech Republic. Date of publication: 26 February 2021 (online & print)

Citation: Alex, C.J., K.C. Soumya & T.V. Sajeev (2021). A report on the moth (Lepidoptera: Heterocera) diversity of Kavvai River basin in Kerala, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 13(2): 17753–17779. https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.4625.13.2.17753-17779

Copyright: © Alex et al. 2021. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. JoTT allows unrestricted use, reproduction, and distribution of this article in any medium by providing adequate credit to the author(s) and the source of publication.

Funding: Kerala State Council for Science, Technology and Environment.

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

Author details: C.J. Alex is currently working as the Senior Project Officer in the biodiversity division of ICLEI – Local Governments for Sustainability, South Asia. He holds a Doctoral degree in Landscape ecology from Cochin University of Science and Technology. His research interests include landscape ecology, GIS, remote sensing and conservation biology. K.C. Soumya is currently working as a government employee in the drugs control department, Govt. of Kerala. She holds her master degree in Zoology. Her research interest includes lepidopteran biology and open green space management. T.V. Sajeev, Senior Principal Scientist and HOD department of Forest Entomology, Kerala Forest Research Institute has extensive research experience in insect population dynamics, biocontrol, alien invasive species management. Currently working as the research coordinator of KFRI and also involved in Managing Tree Health Helpline for the State of Kerala.

Author contribution: CJA—field work, larval rearing, moth identification, data compilation, manuscript writing, proof reading. KCS—larval rearing, moth identification. TVS—overall guidance, manuscript editing, proof reading.

Acknowledgements: The authors are thankful to the Kerala State Council for Science, Technology, and Environment, Government of Kerala for providing financial support. Thanks to Dr. Sreejith K.A., Dr. George Mathew, Dr. Monalisa Sen, Mr. Sankara Raman, Moths of India facebook group and Indian Moths group of India Biodiversity Portal for their support, species identification help. Thanks to Mr. Subin K K for layout help.

Abstract: In the present paper, we report the presence of 503 species of moths (343 identified to species, 160 identified to genus) that belong to 371 genera under 42 families. The study was conducted at Kavvai River basin, northern Kerala, India for three years from 2015 to 2017. Traditional light trapping method was employed to collect the moths during the night. Among the families reported, Erebidae was the most dominant family followed by Crambidae, Geometridae, Noctuidae, and Pyraliade. The study highlights the significance of the riverbasin in conserving rich diversity of invertebrates.

Keywords: Crambidae, Geometridae, Lepidoptera, light trap, moths, nocturnal, Noctuidae, Pyraliade, southern India.

Introduction

Kavvai (or Kavvayi) river is one among the 15 rivers which originates from the midlands of Kerala, India. It is located between 12.084⁰–12.245⁰N & 75.082⁰–75.333⁰E. The river emerges from the Cheemeni laterite hills at an elevation of 119m. The river is 31km long and directly flows into the Kavvayi backwater which is connected to the Arabian Sea. The river basin is a typical laterite biotope of northern Kerala which is a topographically complex, biodiversity-rich, fragmented, and densely populated cultural landscape spread over an area of 164.76km² falling under nine local administrative bodies in the districts of Kannur and Kasaragode. Even though the Kavvai River is prominent among the 15 rivers originating from the midlands of Kerala, there is no reserved or protected forest in the river basin which is composed of semi-natural landscapes such as lateritic hillocks, sacred groves, eco-groves (Kaanams), riverine vegetation and mangroves, cultural landscape such as wetland cultivation, plantations, homesteads with mixed cultivation and other agro-eco systems and a small proportion of artificial landscapes (Figure 1). In the present study, attempts have been made to document the moth diversity of different habitats in the Kavvai River basin.

Material and Methods

The sampling was carried out during three different seasons: pre-monsoon (February–May), monsoon (June–September), and post-monsoon (October–January) seasons at six locations (Table 1) in the Kavvai River basin —sacred groves, eco -groves (Kaanam), lateritic exposed area, wetland, and mixed-cultivation areas—from 2015–2017 (Figure 1). Sampling of moths was undertaken using a white cloth of 4 x 1.3 m, illuminated with a 20-Watt UV fluorescent tube connected to a portable UPS with a rechargeable battery of 50VA/36W (Image 329). Moths were collected 18.00–06.00 h for two consecutive nights in each season in all locations. In addition, immature stages of moths were also collected and reared in the laboratory (Image 330) to confirm the species. The moths collected were photographed and subsequently identified using the reference collection at Kerala Forest Research Institute (KFRI) and available literature including Hampson (1892–1896), Bell & Scott (1937), Zimmerman (1978), Barlow (1982), Holloway (1983–2011), Robinson et al. (1994), Kendrick (2002), Solovyev & Witt (2009), Mathew (2010), Irungbam et al. (2017), Sondhi et al. (2018), and Subhalaxmi (2018). Classification of moths at higher taxonomic levels was done based on Van Nieukerken et al. (2011), and for nomenclature aspects at species and genus levels, LEPINDEX (Beccaloni et al. 2003) was consulted.

Results

In the present study, 1,060 specimens (750 adults and 310 larvae) were collected which belonged to 503 species (343 moths were identified to the species level and another 160 to the genus level) under 371 genera belonging to 42 families were recored (Appendix I, Images 1–328). All the specimens have been deposited in the Insect collection department of Kerala Forest Research Institute.

Among the moths collected, Noctuoidea (195 species of which 45 up to generic level) has the highest diversity followed by Pyraloidea (118 species; 39 up to generic level), Geometroidea (67 species; 20 up to generic level), Gelechioidea (23 species; 13 up to generic level), Bombycoidea (22 species; one up to generic level), Zygaenoidea (18 species; eight up to generic level), Tortricoidea (18 species; 10 up to generic level), Tineioidea (nine species; five up to generic level) Pterophoroidea (six species; five up to generic level), Thyridoidea (six species; five up to generic level), Lasiocampoidea (four species; two up to generic level), Yponomeutoidea (four species; two up to generic level), Drepanoidea (four species; one up to generic level), Cossoidea (three species; one up to generic level), Choreutoidea (two species; two up to generic level), Gracillarioidea (two species; one up to generic level) and Alucitoidea and Hyblaeoideaare represented by single species (Table 3; Figure 2).

Among the families, Erebidae showed the highest number of genera (92) and species (128) followed by Crambidae (66 genera, 94 spp.), Geometridae (43 genera, 60 spp.), Noctuidae (23 genera, 36 spp.), Pyralidae (23 genera, 23 spp.), Nolidae (11 genera, 18 spp.), Tortricidae (12 genera, 18 spp.), Limacodidae (13 genera, 16 spp.), and Gelechiidae (11 genera, 17 spp.).

Discussion

Kavvai River basin is a typical lateritic biotope which holds various ecological units such as lateritic vegetation, sacred groves, eco groves, riverine vegetation, mangroves, wetlands, and agro-ecosystems. Each of these ecological units have various micro habitats also. Even though the region is highly fragmented, the diversity of flora, birds, amphibians, and spiders are high in the region (Das et al. 2014; Sreejith et al. 2015). The butterfly diversity study in the river basin during 2013–2015 recorded 140 species of butterflies belonging to 96 genera of six families (Dhaneesh et al. 2017). Generally, the diversity of insects and the diversity of angiosperms in a landscape show positive correlation since plants provide food, shelter, sites for mating, and oviposition to insects (Leps et al. 2001). The result of the present study also supports this hypothesis. According to landuse or land cover pattern of the study area, the river basin has 78.5% of cultural landscape, 15.4% of semi natural landscape, and 6% of artificial landscapes (Alex 2018). Moth diversity of several forest patches in Kerala has already been made (Table 2) and the results of the present study indicate a rich and diversified moth fauna in the Kavvai Riven basin. Lepidoptera species diversity has been shown to be highest in moderately disturbed forests and higher in disturbed forests than the undisturbed natural forest or mature forest (Blair & Launer 1997; Schulze et al. 2004; Brehm & Fiedler 2005; Hilt & Fiedler 2005; Bobo et al. 2006; Nöske et al. 2008; Vu & Vu 2011). The result of the present study supports the above hypothesis.

During the past 10 years or so, the study area has been facing unprecedented levels of conversion from the semi natural landscape and cultural landscape to artificial landscapes with monocultures of agricultural crops leading to depletion of ecologically important and critical terrains such as lateritic hillocks, sacred groves, riverine vegetation, mangroves, marshes, and wetlands.  Land use classification in India which is based mainly on agricultural productivity usually classifies the majority of such semi natural landscapes as ‘waste lands’, which enables easy conversion of land from natural to artificial land use practices (Alex & Sajeev 2015). Considering the ecological importance of habitats, there is an urgent need to conserve these critical ecosystems along river basins for conserving their rich biodiversity.

Table 1. Sampling locations.

Location	Latitude	Longitude	Place name
L1	12.230771	75.225128	Vannathykkanam
L2	12.230078	75.234553	ITP Cheemeni
L3	12.220838	75.227252	Oyolam
L4	12.153555	75.201136	Kuniyan
L5	12.139263	75.155611	Edayilakkad
L6	12.206677	75.255838	Velichamthoodu

Table 2. Moth diversity in protected forests of Kerala.

	Protected area	Moth species recorded	Number of families	Reference
1	Silent Valley NP	318	19	Mathew & Rahmathulla 1995
2	Parambikulam NP	277	20	Sudheendrakumar & Mathew 1999
3	Shendurney WS	129	11	Mathew et al. 2004a
4	Peppara WS	87	7	Mathew et al. 2004b
5	PeechiVazhani WS	113	21	Mathew et al. 2005
6	Neyyar WS	90	9	Mathew et al. 2007
NP—National Park | WS—Wildlife Sanctuary

Table 3. Composition of moths collected from the Kavvai River basin.

	Super family	Family	Genera	Species
1	Alucitoidea	Alucitidae	1	1
2	Bombycoidea	Bombycidae	1	1
		Eupterotidae	2	6
		Saturniidae	3	3
		Sphingidae	9	12
3	Choreutoidea	Choreutidae	2	2
4	Cossoidea	Brachodidae	1	2
		Cossidae	1	1
5	Drepanoidea	Drepanidae	3	4
6	Gelechioidea	Autostichidae	1	1
		Blastobasidae	1	1
		Cosmopterigidae	4	4
		Gelechiidae	7	10
		Lecithoceridae	1	1
		Oecophoridae	1	1
		Scythrididae	1	1
		Stathmopodidae	2	3
		Symmocidae	1	1
7	Geometroidea	Geometridae	43	60
		Uraniidae	6	7
8	Gracillarioidea	Gracillariidae	2	2
9	Hyblaeoidea	Hyblaeidae	1	1
10	Lasiocampoidea	Lasiocampidae	3	4
11	Noctuoidea	Erebidae	92	128
		Euteliidae	2	2
		Noctuidae	23	36
		Nolidae	11	18
		Notodontidae	9	11
12	Pterophoroidea	Pterophoridae	6	6
13	Pyraloidea	Crambidae	66	94
		Pyralidae	23	24
14	Thyridoidea	Thyrididae	5	6
15	Tineoidea	Eriocottidae	1	1
		Psychidae	1	3
		Tineidae	3	5
16	Tortricoidea	Tortricidae	12	18
17	Yponomeutoidea	Argyresthiidae	1	1
		Attevidae	1	1
		Lyonettidae	1	1
		Plutellidae	1	1
18	Zygaenoidea	Limacodidae	14	16
		Zygaenidae	2	2
	Total		372	503

For figures & images - - click here

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Appendix 1. Checklist of the moths recorded from Kavvai River basin.

	Scientific name	Author & description year
I	ALUCITOIDEAE	Leach, 1815
I.1	Alucitidae	Leach, 1815
1	Alucita sp.
II	BOMBYCOIDEA	Latreille, 1802
II.1	Bombycidae	Latreille, 1802
II.1.a	Bombycinae
2	Trilocha varians	Walker,1855
II.2	Eupterotidae	Swinhoe. 1892
II.2.a	Eupterotinae
3	Eupterote bifasciata	Kishida, 1994
4	Eupterote hibisci	Fabricius, 1775
5	Eupterote lineosa	Walker,1855
6	Eupterote undata	Blanchard, 1844
7	Ganisa postica	Walker,1855
8	Ganisa sp.1
II.3	Saturniidae	Boisduval, 1837
II.3.a	Saturniinae	Boisduval, 1837
9	Actias selene	Hübner, 1806
10	Antheraea paphia	Linnaeus 1758
11	Attacus atlas	Linnaeus, 1758
II.4	Sphingidae	Latreille, 1802
II.4.a	Macroglossinae
12	Acosmeryx anceus	Stoll, 1781
13	Angonyx krishna	Eitschberger & Haxaire, 2006
14	Cephonodes hylas	Linnaeus, 1771
15	Daphnis nerii	Linnaeus, 1758
16	Hippotion boerhaviae	Fabricius, 1775
17	Macroglossum affictitia	Butler, 1875
18	Macroglossum aquila	Boisduval, [1875]
19	Theretra clotho	Moore, 1872
20	Theretra suffusa	Walker,1856
II.4. b	Sphinginae
21	Acherontia lachesis	Fabricius, 1798
22	Psilogramma increta	Walker, [1865]
23	Psilogramma menephron	Cramer, 1780
III	CHOREUTOIDEA	Stainton, 1858
III.1	Choreutidae	Stainton, 1858
III.1. a	Brenthiinae
24	Brenthiasp.
III.1.b	Choreutinae
25	Choreutis sp.
IV	COSSIOIDEA	Leach, 1815
IV.1	Brachodidae	Agenjo, 1966
26	Phycodes minor	Moore, 1881
27	Phycodes radiata	Ochsenheimer, 1808
IV.2	Cossidae	Leach, 1815
IV.2.a	Zeuzerinae
28	Phragmataecia sp.1
V	DREPANOIDEA	Boisdual, 1828
V.1	Drepanidae	Boisdual, 1828
V.1.a	Drepaninae
29	Callidrepana patrana	Moore, 1865
30	Callidrepana sp.1
31	Phalacra vidhisara	Walker,1960
32	Tridrepana albonotata	Moore, 1879
VI	GELECHIOIDEA	Stainton, 1854
VI.1	Autostichidae	Le Merchant, 1947
VI.1.a	Autostichinae
33	Autosticha cf. kyotensis
VI.2	Blastobasidae	Meyrick 1894
34	Blastobasis sp.
VI.3	Cosmopterigidae	Heinemann &Wocke, 1876
35	Anatrachyntis sp.
36	Cosmopterix sp.
VI.3.a	Cosmopteriginae
37	Labdia semicoccinea	Stainton,1859
38	Limnaecia peronodes	Meyrick, 1915
VI.4	Gelechiidae	Stainton, 1854
39	Helcystogramma sp.
40	Helcystogramma hibisci	Stainton, 1859
VI.4.a	Anacampsinae
41	Idiophantis sp.
42	Thiotricha sp.
VI.4.b	Chelariinae
43	Anarsia epotias	Meyrick, 1916
44	Anarsia sp.1	Park, 1995
45	Hypatima haligramma	Meyrick, 1926
VI.4.c	Dichomeridinae
46	Dichomeris harmonias	Meyrick, 1922
47	Dichomeris sp.1
VI.4.d	Gelechiinae
48	Stegasta sp.
VI.5	Lecithoceridae	Le Merchant, 1947
49	Lecithocera concinna	Turner, 1919
VI.6	Oecophoridae	Bruant, 1850
VI.6.a	Oecophorinae
50	Promalactis sp.
VI.7	Scythrididae	Rebel, 1901
51	Eretmocera sp.
VI.8	Stathmopodidae	Janse, 1917
52	Hieromantis sp.
53	Stathmopoda gemmiconsuta	Terada, 2012
54	Stathmopodas sp.1
VI.9	Symmocidae	Gozmany, 1957
55	Symmoca signatella	Herrich-Schäffer, 1854
VII	GEOMETROIDEA	Leach, 1815
VII.1	Geometridae	Leach, 1815
VII.1.a	Desmobathrinae
56	Derambila sp.
57	Ozola minor	Moore, 1888
58	Ozola sp.1
VII.1.b	Ennominae
59	Achrosis intexta	Swinhoe, 1891
60	Achrosis rondelaria	Fabricius, 1775
61	Amraica cf. superans	Butler, 1878
62	Ascotis imparata	Walker,1860
63	Biston suppressaria	Guenée, [1858]
64	Borbacha pardaria	Guenée, [1858]
65	Chiasmia eleonora	Cramer, [1780]
66	Chiasmia honoria	Hampson, 1912
67	Chiasmia nora	Walker,1861
68	Chiasmia sp.1
69	Comibaena sp.1
70	Ectropis bhurmitra	Walker,1860
71	Gonodontis sp.
72	Heterostegane urbica	Swinhoe, 1886
73	Hyperythra lutea	Stoll, [1781]
74	Hyperythra sp.
75	Hypomecis infixaria	Walker,1860
76	Hypomecis punctinalis	Scopoli, 1763
77	Hypomecis transcissa	Walker,1860
78	Hyposidra talaca	Walker, 1860
79	Menophra sp.
80	Oenospila flavifusata	Walker,1861
81	Parapholodes fuliginea	Hampson, 1891
82	Petelia cf. rivulosa	Butler, 1881
83	Ruttellerona cessaria	Walker 1860
VII.1.c	Geometrinae
84	Aporandria specularia	Guenée, [1858]
85	Argyrocosma cf. inductaria	Guenée, 1857
86	Comostola meritaria	Walker 1861
87	Comostola laesaria	Walker,1861
88	Comostola rubripunctata	Warren, 1909
89	Dysphania percota	Swinhoe, 1891
90	Hemistola sp.
91	Hemistola tenuilinea	Alphéraky, 1897
92	Hemithea cf. tritonaria	Walker 1863
93	Jodis sp.
94	Ornithospila avicularia	Guenée 1857
95	Orothalassodes falsaria	Prout, 1912
96	Pelagodes sp.
97	Pingasa cf. ruginaria	Guenee 1857
VII.1.d	Larentiinae
98	Eois grataria	Walker,1861
99	Eupithecia sp.
100	Gymnoscelis cf. rubricata	de Joannis, 1932
101	Gymnoscelis cf. rufifasciata	Haworth, 1809
102	Sauris sp.
VII.1.e	Oenochrominae
103	Noreia sp.
VII.1.f	Orthostixinae
104	Naxa seriaria	Motschulsky, 1866
105	Naxa textilis	Walker,1856
VII.1.g	Sterrhinae
106	Anisephyra sp.
107	Perixera sp.
108	Problepsis vulgaris	Butler, 1889
109	Scopula emissaria	Walker,1861
110	Scopula minorata	Boisduval, 1833
111	Scopula sp.1
112	Scopula sp.2
113	Somatina cf. ioscia	Prout, 1932
114	Traminda aventiaria	Guenée, [1858]
115	Traminda mundissima	Walker, 1861
VII.2	Uraniidae	Leach, 1815
VII.2.a	Epipleminae
116	Dysaethria sp.
117	Epiplema bicaudata	Moore, 1867
118	Orudiza protheclaria	Walker,1861
119	Phazaca sp.1
120	Phazaca sp.2
121	Rhombophylla edentata	Hampson, 1895
VII.2.b	Microniinae
122	Micronia aculeata	Guenée, 1857
VIII	GRACILLARIOIDEA	Stainton, 1854
VIII.1	Gracillariidae	Stainton, 1854
VIII.1.a	Gracillariinae
123	Acrocercops syngramma	Meyrick, 1914
124	Epicephala sp.
IX	HYBLAEOIDEA	Hampson, 1903
IX.1	Hyblaeidea	Hampson, 1903
125	Hyblaea puera	Cramer, 1777
X	LASIOCAMPOIDEA	Harris, 1841
X.1	Lasiocampidae	Harris, 1841
X.1.a	Lasiocampinae
126	Gastropacha sp.1
127	Gastropacha pardale	Walker 1855
128	Odonestis sp.
129	Trabala vishnou	Lefèbvre, 1827
XI	NOCTUOIDEA	Latreille, 1809
XI.1	Erebidae	Leach, 1815
130	Aloa lactinea	Cramer, 1777
131	Diacrisia sp.
132	Nygmia sp.
XI.1.a	Aganainae
133	Asota caricae	Fabricius, 1775
134	Asota plaginota	Butler, 1875
135	Asota plana	Walker, 1854
136	Asota producta	Butler, 1875
137	Neochera dominia	Cramer, [1780]
XI.1.b	Arctiinae
138	Barsine defecta	Walker 1854
139	Brunia antica	Walker, 1854
140	Brunia griseola	Hübner, 1827
141	Ceryx sp.
142	Eressa confinis	Walker,1854
143	Eressa sp.1
144	Olepa ricini	Fabricius, 1775
145	Syntomoide simaon	Cramer, 1780
146	Syntomoides sp.1
147	Aemene sp.1
148	Aemene taprobanis	Walker, 1854
149	Amerila astreus	Drury, 1773
150	Argina astrea	Drury, 1773
151	Creatonotos gangis	Linnaeus, 1763
152	Creatonotos transiens	Walker,1855
153	Curoba sangarida	Cramer, 1781
154	Euchromia polymena	Linnaeus, 1758
155	Margina argus	Kollar, 1844
156	Pangora matherana	Moore, 1879
157	Pareuchaetes pseudoinsulata	Barros, 1956
158	Spilarctia luteum	Hufnagel, 1766
159	Spilarctia mona	Swinhoe, 1885
160	Spilarctia obliqua	Walker, 1855
161	Spilosoma urticae	Esper, 1789
162	Utetheisa pulchella	Linnaeus, 1758
163	Cyana hamata	Walker,1854
164	Cyana peregrina	Walker,1854
165	Cyana sp.1
166	Hemonia orbiferana	Walker, 1863
167	Hemonias sp.2
168	Lyclene cf. obsoleta	Moore, 1878
169	Lyclene sp.1
170	Macrobrochis gigas	Walker,1854
171	Miltochrista gratiosa	Guérin-Méneville, 1843
172	Miltochrista sp.1
173	Nepita conferta	Walker,1854
174	Nepita rubricosa	Moore, 1878
175	Pseudoblabes oophora	Zeller, 1853
176	Schistophleps sp.
177	Trischalis sp.
178	Amata bicincta	Kollar, 1844
179	Amata cyssea	Stoll 1782
XI.1.c	Aventiinae
180	Zurobata vacillans	Walker,1864
XI.1.d	Calpinae
181	Colobochyla sp.
182	Cyclodes omma	Hoeven, 1840
183	Daddala sp.
184	Diomea cf. discisigna	Sugi, 1963
185	Donda eurychlora	Walker,1858
186	Egnasia ephyrodalis	Walker,1858
187	Ericeia inangulata	Guenée, 1852
188	Ericeia sp.1
189	Eudocima homaena	Hübner, [1823]
190	Eudocima materna	Linnaeus, 1767
191	Eudocima phalonia	Linnaeus, 1763
192	Falana sordida	Moore, 1882
193	Fodina sp.
194	Homodes propitia	Guenée, 1852
195	Hulodes drylla	Guenée, 1852
196	Loxioda similis	Moore, 1882
197	Nola senaferrifervens	Walker, [1858]
198	Oraesia emarginata	Fabricius, 1794
199	Oraesia excitans	Walker, [1858]
200	Rhesala moestalis	Walker,1865
201	Serrodes campana	Guenée, 1852
XI.1.e	Erebinae
202	Achaea janata	Linnaeus, 1758
203	Anomis commoda	Walker, 1865
204	Anomis erosa	Hübner, 1818
205	Anomis figlina	Butler, 1889
206	Arsacia rectalis	Walker,1863
207	Artena dotata	Fabricius, 1794
208	Artena submira	Walker,1858
209	Asta quadrilinea	Walker,[1863]
210	Bastilla crameri	Moore, 1885
211	Bastilla fulvotaenia	Guenée, 1852
212	Bastilla joviana	Stoll, 1782
213	Buzara onelia	Guenée, 1852
214	Chalciope mygdon	Cramer, [1777]
215	Entomogramma sp.	Fautrix Guenée, 1852
216	Ercheia cyllaria	Cramer, [1779]
217	Ercheia sp.1
218	Erebus ephesperis	Hübner, 1827
219	Erebus hieroglyphica	Drury, 1773
220	Erebus macrops	Linnaeus, 1758
221	Gonitis cf. mesogona	Walker, 1858
222	Mocis undata	Fabricius, 1775
223	Ophiusa triphaenoides	Walker,1858
224	Pericyma cruegeri	Butler, 1886
225	Spirama sp.
226	Sympis rufibasis	Guenee 1852
227	Thyas coronata	Fabricius, 1775
228	Thyas honesta	Hübner, 1806
229	Trigonodes hyppasia	Cramer, [1779]
XI.1.f	Eublemminae
230	Eublemma accedens	Felder &Rogenhofer, 1874
231	Eublemma albostriata	Wileman& West, 1929
232	Eublemma anachoresis	Wallengren, 1863
233	Eublemma baccalix	Swinhoe, 1886
234	Eublemma cochylioides	Guenee, 1852
XI.1.g	Herminiinae
235	Enispa elataria	Walker,1861
236	Bertula abjudicalis	Walker, 1859
237	Bocana manifestalis	Walker, [1859]
238	Hadennia cf. incongruens	Butler, 1879
239	Hydrillodes lentalis	Guenée, 1854
240	Naarada sp.
241	Nodaria tristis	Butler, 1879
242	Simplicia sp.
XI.1.h	Hypeninae
243	Hypena iconicalis	Walker, [1859
244	Hypena laceratalis	Walker, 1859
245	Hypenas sp.1
246	Prolophota sp.
XI.1.i	Lymantriinae
247	Arctornis kumatai	Inoue, 1956
248	Arctornis submarginata	Walker,1855
249	Artaxa subfasciata.	Walker 1865
250	Calliteara grotei	Moore, [1859]
251	Euproctis sp.	Moore, 1879
252	Lymantria marginata	Walker,1855
253	Olene mendosa	Hübner, 1823
254	Orgyia sp.
255	Orvasca subnotata	Walker,1865
256	Perina nuda	Fabricius, 1787
XI.1.j	Rivulinae
257	Rivula sp.
XI.2	Euteliidae	Grote, 1882
XI.2.a	Euteliinae
258	Chlumetia transversa	Walker,1863
259	Penicillaria jocosatrix	Guenée, 1852
XI.3	Noctuidae	Latreille, 1809
XI.3.a	Acontiinae
260	Acontia bicolora	Leech, 1889
261	Acontia marmoralis	Fabricius, 1794
262	Acontia nitidula	Fabricius, 1787
263	Ataboruza divisa	Walke, 1862
264	Ceryneatrogobasis	Hampson 1910
265	Hyperstrotia sp.
266	Pseudozarba sp.
XI.3.b	Agaristinae
267	Exsula sp.
XI.3.c	Bagisarinae
268	Amyna natalis	Walker,[1859]
269	Amyna octo	Hampson, 1910
270	Amyna punctum	Fabricius, 1794
271	Amyna sp.
XI.3.c	Condicinae
272	Condica sp.
XI.3.d	Eriopinae
273	Callopistria maillardi	Guenée, 1862
274	Callopistria sp.
XI.3.f	Eustrotiinae
275	Eustrotia marginata	Moore 1881
276	Eustrotia sp.1
277	Maliattha quadripartite	Walker,1865
278	Maliattha separata	Walker, 1863
279	Maliattha signifera	Walker, 1858
280	Maliattha sp.1
281	Protodeltote sp.
XI.3.g	Noctuinae
282	Chasmina candida	Walker,1865
283	Chasmina fasciculosa	Walker,1858
284	Chasmina pulchra	Walker,1857
285	Diarsia sp.
286	Hoplodrina cf. octogenaria	Goeze, 1781
287	Mythimna irrorata	Moore, 1881
288	Sesamia inferens	Walker, 1856
289	Sphragifera rejecta	Fabricius, 1775
290	Spodoptera litura	Fabricius, 1775
291	Spodoptera mauritia	Boisduval, 1833
292	Polytela gloriosae	Fabricius, 1781
XI.3.h	Plusiinae
293	Anadevidia peponis	Fabricius, 1775
294	Plusiopalpa adrasta	Felder &Rogenhofer, 1874
XI.3.i	Stictopterinae
295	Lophoptera sp.
XI.4	Nolidae	Bruant, 1847
296	Ptisciana seminivea	Walker, 1865
XI.4.a	Chloephorinae
297	Nycteola revayana	Scopoli, 1772
298	Selepa celtis	Moore, [1860]
299	Selepa discigera	Walker,1864
300	Xanthodes acontia	Hampson, 1912
301	Xanthodes graelsi	Feisthamel, 1837
302	Xanthodes transversa	Guenée, 1852
XI.4.b	Eariadinae
303	Earias sp.
XI.4.c	Eligminae
304	Eligma narcissus	Cramer, 1775
XI.4.d	Nolinae
305	Barasa acronyctoides	Walker, 1862
306	Meganola sp.
307	Nola analis	Wileman& West, 1928
308	Nola cf. confusalis	Herrich-Schäffer, 1847
309	Nola japonibia	Strand, 1920
310	Nola triquetrana	Fitch, 1856
311	Nola sp.1
312	Sarbena lignifera	Walker,1862
313	Stictane sp.
XI.5	Notodontidae	Scephens, 1829
XI.5.a	Dicranurinae
314	Netria sp.
315	Stauropus alternus	Walker, 1855
316	Stauropus sp.1
317	Syntypistis sp.
XI.5.b	Notodontinae
318	Chadisra sp.
XI.5.c	Phalerinae
319	Antheua servula	Drury 1773
320	Phalera javana	Moore, 1859
XI.5.d	Pygaerinae
321	Allata argentifera	Walker, 1862
322	Allata plusiata	Walker, 1865
323	Clostera anachoreta	(Denis &Schiffermüller, 1775)
XI.5.e	Scranciinae
324	Gargetta divisa	Gaede, 1930
XII	PTEROPHOROIDEA	Latreille, 1802
XII.1	Pterophoridae	Latreille, 1802
325	Diacrotricha sp.
326	Exelastis sp.
327	Pselnophorus sp.
XII.1.a	Pterophorinae
328	Sphenarches caffer	Zeller, 1852
329	Stenoptilodes sp.
330	Tetraschalis sp.
XIII	PYRALOIDEA	Latreille, 1809
XIII.1	Crambidae	Latreille, 1810
331	Pseudocatharylla sp.
XIII.1.a	Acentropinae
332	Elophila cf. peribocalis	Walker 1859
333	Eoophyla sp.1
334	Paracymoriza vagalis	Walker,1865
335	Parapoynx diminutalis	Snellen 1880
336	Parapoynx fluctuosalis	Zeller, 1852
337	Parapoynx stagnalis	Zeller, 1852
338	Parapoynx vittalis	Bremer, 1864
XIII.1.b	Crambinae
339	Ancylolomia japonica	Zeller, 1877
340	Ancylolomia sp.1
341	Ancylolomia sp.2
342	Calamotropha cf. nigripunctella	Leech, 1889
343	Calamotropha sp.1
344	Chilo infuscatellus	Snellen, 1890
345	Chilo partellus	Swinhoe, 1885
346	Euchromius sp.1
XIII.1.c	Cybalomiinae
347	Hendecasis sp.
348	Trichophysetis sp.
XIII.1.d	Musotiminae
349	Musotima sp.
XIII.1.e	Odontiinae
350	Deanolis sublimbalis	Snellen, 1899
351	Noorda sp.
XIII.1.f	Pyraustinae
352	Achyra sp.
353	Diaphania indica	Saunders, 1851
354	Euclasta sp.
355	Haritalodes derogata	Fabricius, 1775
356	Isocentris filalis	Guenée, 1854
357	Isocentris sp.
358	Mabra eryxalis	Walker,1859
359	Metoeca foedalis	Guenée, 1854
360	Nacoleia sp.1
361	Nacoleia tampiusalis	Walker, 1859
362	Pagyda quinquelineata	Hering, 1903
363	Pagyda salvalis	Walker,1859
364	Paliga ochrealis	Moore 1886
365	Paratalanta aureolalis	Lederer, 1863
366	Pyrausta sp.
XIII.1.g	Schoenobiinae
367	Patissa fulvosparsa	Butler, 1881
368	Scirpophaga excerptalis	Walker,1863
369	Scirpophaga gilviberbis	Zeller, 1863
370	Scirpophaga incertulas	Walker,1863
371	Scirpophaga sp.1
XIII.1.h	Spilomelinae
372	Aetholix flavibasalis	Guenée, 1854
373	Agathodes ostentalis	Geyer, 1837
374	Agrioglypta itysalis	Walker, 1859
375	Antigastra catalaunalis	Duponchel, 1833
376	Ategumia cf. adipalis	Lederer 1863
377	Bocchoris sp.
378	Botyodes diniasalis	Walker, 1859
379	Botyodes flavibasalis	Moore, 1867
380	Bradina geminalis	Caradja, 1927
381	Cnaphalocrocis medinalis	Guenée, 1854
382	Cnaphalocrocis poeyalis	Boisduval, 1833
383	Diasemia accalis	Walker, 1859
384	Diasemia reticularis	Linnaeus, 1761
385	Dichocrocis tigrina	Moore 1886
386	Eurrhyparodes bracteolalis	Zeller, 1852
387	Glyphodes bicolor	wainson, [1821]
388	Glyphodes bivitralis	Guenée, 1854
389	Glyphodes caesalis	Walker,1859
390	Glyphodes shafferorum	Viette 1987
391	Goniorhynchus plumbeizonalis	Fabricius, 1794
392	Goniorhynchus sp.1
393	Herpetogramma bipunctalis	Fabricius, 1794
394	Herpetogramma rudis	Warren, 1892
395	Herpetogramma sp.1
396	Hymenia perspectalis	Hübner, 1796
397	Lamprosema tampiusalis	Walker,1859
398	Maruca vitrata	Fabricius,1787
399	Nausinoe geometralis	Guenée, 1854
400	Notarcha aurolinealis	Walker,1859
401	Omiodes analis	Snellen, 1880
402	Omiodes indicata	Fabricius, 1775
403	Omiodes sp.1
404	Pachynoa sabelialis	Guenee, 1854
405	Palpita annulifer	Inoue, 1996
406	Palpita sp.
407	Parotis marginata	(Hampson, 1893
408	Parotis pomanalis	Guenée, 1854
409	Piletocera sodalis	Leech, 1889
410	Piletocera sp.1
411	Pleuroptya iopasalis	Walker,1859
412	Polioboty sablactalis	Walker 1859
413	Pycnarmon cribrata	Fabricius, 1794
414	Pygospila tyres	Cramer, 1780
415	Sameodes cancellalis	Zeller, 1852
416	Sameodes sp.1
417	Spolade arecurvalis	Fabricius, 1775
418	Stemorrhages sericea	Drury, 1773
419	Stenia minoralis	Snellen 1880
420	Sufetula rectifascialis	Hampson, 1896
421	Syllepte sp.
422	Terastia egialealis	Walker,1859
423	Thysanoidma octalis	Hampson, 1891
424	Tyspanodes linealis	Moor 1869
XIII.2	Pyralidae	Latreille, 1809
425	Glyptoteles sp.
426	Herculia pelasgalis	Walker 1859
XIII.2.a	Epipaschiinae
427	Lepidogma sp.
428	Macalla sp.
429	Noctuides melanophia	Staudinger, 1892
430	Orthaga sp.
431	Stericta sp.
XIII.2.b	Galleriinae
432	Achroia sp.
433	Melissoblaptes sp.
XIII.2.c	Phycitinae
434	Acrobasis sp.
435	Addyme sp.
436	Calguia sp.
437	Conobathra sp.
438	Epicrocis oegnusalis	Walker, 1859
439	Nephopterix sp.
440	Pempelia morosalis	Saalmüller, 1880
441	Plodia sp.
XIII.2.d	Pyralinae
442	Arippara indicator	Walker 1864
443	Endotricha consocia	Butler, 1879
444	Endotricha pyrosalis	Guenée, 1854
445	Hipsopygia nonusalis	Walker 1859
446	Orthopygia sp.
447	Tamraca sp.
448	Zith atactilis	Swinhoe, 1890
XIV	THYRIDOIDEA	Herrich-Schaffier, 1846
XIV.1	Thyrididae	Herrich-Schaffier, 1846
XIV.2.a	Siculodinae
449	Addaea sp.
450	Rhodoneura sp.1
451	Rhodoneura sp.2
452	Collinsa sp.
453	Hypolamprus sp.
XIV.2.b	Striglininae
454	Striglina scitaria	Walker 1862
XV	TINEOIDEA	Latreille, 1810
XV.1	Eriocottidae	Spuler, 1898
XV.1.a	Compsocteninae
455	Compsoctena sp.
XV.2	Psychidae	Boisdual, 1829
XV.2.a	Oiketicinae
456	Eumeta cramari	Westwood, 1854
457	Eumeta sp.1
458	Eumeta variegata	Snellen, 1879
XV.3	Tineidae	Latreille, 1810
XV.3.a	Hieroxestinae
459	Opogona dimidiatella	Zeller, 1853
460	Opogonasp.
XV.3.b	Perissomasticinae
461	Edosa opsigona	Meyrick, 1911
462	Edosa sp.2
XV.3.c	Tineinae
463	Tinea sp.
XVI	TORTRICOIDEA	Latreille, 1802
XVI.1	Tortricidae	Latreille, 1802
XVI.1.a	Olethreutinae
464	Ancylis sp.
465	Cryptophlebia sp.
466	Gatesclarkeana sp.
467	Lobesia aeolopa	Meyrick, 1907
468	Lobesias p.1
469	Loboschiza cf. koenigiana	Fabricius, 1775
470	Ophiorrhabda sp.
471	Strepsicrates sp.
XVI.1.b	Tortricinae
472	Adoxophyes moderatana	Walker,1863
473	Adoxophyes orana	Röslerstamm, 1834
474	Adoxophyes privatana	Walker,1863
475	Archips micaceana	Walker,1863
476	Archips sp.1
477	Archips sp.2
478	Clepsis peritana	Clemens, 1860
479	Homona coffearia	Nietner, 1861
480	Acleris sp.1
481	Acleris sp.2
XVII	YPONOMEUTOIDEA	Stephens, 1829
XVII.1	Argyresthiidae	Bruant, 1850
XVII.1.a	Argyresthiinae
482	Argyresthia sp.
XVII.2	Attevidae	Mosher, 1916
483	Atteva fabriciella	Swederus, 1787
XVII.3	Lyonettidae	Stainton, 1854
XVII.3.a	Cemiostominae
484	Leucoptera sp.
XVII.4	Plutellidae	Guenee, 1845
XVI.4.a	Plutellinae
485	Plutella xylostella	Linnaeus, 1767
XVIII	ZYGAENOIDEA	Laterille, 1809
XVIII.1	Limacodidae	Duponchal, 1845
XVIII.1*	Increta sedis.
486	Altha nivea	Walker, 1862
487	Altha subnotata	Walker, 1865
488	Belippa sp.
489	Caissa fasciatum	Hampson, 1893
490	Tennya sp.
491	Parasa lepida	Cramer, 1779
492	Parasa fumosa	Swinhoe, 1889
493	Phocoderma velutina	Kollar, 1844
494	Setora cf. postorna	Hampson 1900
XVIII.1.a	Limacodinae
495	Aphendala sp.
496	Miresa sp.1
497	Miresa argentifera	Walker, 1855
498	Praesetora sp.
499	Scopelode svenosa	Walker, 1855
500	Susica pallida
501	Thosea sp.	Walker, 1855
XVIII.2	Zygaenidae	Laterille, 1809
XVIII.2.a	Chalcosiinae
502	Trypanophora sp.
503	Cyclosia Sp.