Journal of Threatened Taxa |
www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 March 2020 | 12(4): 15481–15488
ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893
(Print)
doi: https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.4418.12.4.15481-15488
#4418 | Received 19 July 2018 | Final
received 05 February 2020 | Finally accepted 23 February 2020
Three moss families (Bryopsida: Calymperaceae, Hyopterygiaceae, & Pterobryaceae):
new distribution records to bryoflora of Andhra
Pradesh, India
Ananthaneni Sreenath
1, Midigesi Anil Kumar 2, Paradesi Anjaneyulu 3 & Boyina
Ravi Prasad Rao 4
1–4 Biodiversity
Conservation Division, Department of Botany, Sri Krishnadevaraya
University, Anantapuramu,
Andhra Pradesh 515003, India.
1 sreenathbcdl@gmail.com,
2 anilbcdl@gmail.com, 3 paradesianjineyulu@gmail.com,
4 biodiversityravi@gmail.com (corresponding author)
Editor: Afroz Alam, Banasthali
Vidyapith, Vanasthali, India. Date
of publication: 26 March 2020 (online & print)
Citation: Sreenath, A., M.A. Kumar, P. Anjaneyulu & B.R.P. Rao (2020). Three moss
families (Bryopsida: Calymperaceae,
Hyopterygiaceae, & Pterobryaceae):
new distribution records to bryoflora of Andhra
Pradesh, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 12(4): 15481–15488. https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.4418.12.4.15481-15488
Copyright: © Sreenath et al. 2020. Creative
Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
JoTT allows unrestricted use, reproduction,
and distribution of this article in any medium by providing adequate credit to
the author(s) and the source of publication.
Funding: University
Grants Commission, New Delhi; National Remote Sensing Centre, Hyderabad.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
Acknowledgements: Dr. Boyina Ravi Prasad Rao is grateful to UGC for awarding One
Time Grant Project (2016–2018); second author to NRSC, ISRO for Senior Research
Fellowship. Authors are grateful to the
Andhra Pradesh Forest Department officials for according permission for the field
work.
Abstract: Our investigation of the bryoflora
of Andhra Pradesh carried out during 2015–19 resulted in three new records of
moss families: Calymparaceae, Hypopterygiaceae,
and Pterobryaceae represented by Calymperes
tenerum, Hypopterygium
tamarisci, and Pterobryopsis
acuminata, respectively.
Keywords: Bryophyte, Mosses, new records.
Part of bryophyte inventory
during June 2016 to September 2018 in the state of Andhra Pradesh, we collected
curious moss plant specimens from different forest localities of Andhra
Pradesh. After critical study, we
identified the specimens collected from the hill tops of Sadasiva
Kona, Chittoor District belonging to Calymperes
tenerum Mull.Hal. (Calymperaceae, Dicranales, Bryopsida); those collected from hills of Galikonda near Sunkarimetta,
Visakhapatnam District as Hypopterygium tamarisci (Sw.) Brid. ex Müll.Hal.
(Hypopterygiaceae, Hookeriales,
Bryopsida) and those from the valleys of Vantamamidi near Lambasingi,
Visakhapatnam District as Pterobryopsis acuminata (Hook.) M. Fleisch.
(Pterobryaceae, Hypnales, Bryopsida).
Calymperaceae comprises 19 genera and 1,051
species worldwide (The Plant List 2013), of which seven genera and 44 species
are represented in India; Calymperes comprising
342 species are represented by 19 in India (Dandotiya
et al. 2011; Alam 2015). Hypopterigiaceae
comprises five genera and 33 species (The Plant List 2013), of which four
genera and 13 species are represented in India; Hypopterygium
comprising 27 species is represented by five species in India (Dandotiya et al. 2011).
Pterobryaceae comprises 41 genera and 393
species (The Plant List 2013), of which eight genera and 27 species are
recorded from India; Pterobryopsis comprises
52 species, represented by 12 species in India (Dandotiya
et al. 2011).
Perusal of updated literature on
bryoflora of Andhra Pradesh (Rani et al. 2014)
revealed that till date, representatives of the families Calymperaceae,
Hypopterygiaceae, and Pterobryaceae
have not been reported from the state of Andhra Pradesh and hence the present
collection forms new distribution records of these three families, genera and
species for the state.
Materials and
Methods
The plant materials were
collected by using sharp knife and brought to the laboratory in labeled zip lock polythene cover, air dried at room
temperature and preserved in brown paper packets (12×18 cm) with detailed label
(10×17cm). Critical examination of the
collected specimens were done by using temporary slides, and plant parts were
separated by using micro forceps (Varin) VR-15
curved, VR-11straight with fine sharp edges.
Slides were observed under light microscope (Olympus CH20i), and
measurements were taken by using ocular micro meter (Erma) 19mm, 100 segments
in 1cm. Field photographs were taken by
using Nikon D3300; microscopic photographs were taken by using Moto g3 turboequipped with 13MP camera, 4x wide digital zoom. Different dimensions were measured and
identifications were done using standard bryofloras. Description, phenology, distribution, voucher
specimen information, microscopic photographs, and illustrations are provided
for all the three species. Distribution
pertaining to the world is adopted from the Tropicos
website (Mussorie Botanical Garden 2019). Voucher specimens are deposited in the Sri Krishnadevaraya University Herbarium, Ananthapuramu
(SKU). Abbreviations used for collectors
are: AS (Ananthaneni Sreenath),
BR (B. Ravi Prasad Rao).
Taxonomic treatment
Calymperes tenerum
Mull.Hal. in Linnaea 37: 174. 1872: Bureshi in Rec.
Bot. Surv. India 13(1): 32. 1931; Foreau
in J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 61: 223; 1964 Gungulee,
Moss. E. India 1(2): 600. 1971; W.D. Reese & Mohamed in Bryologist 88: 106.
1985; Ellis in J. Bryol. 15:712. 1989; Daniels,
Bryophytes of Southern W. Ghats 56–57.2003.
Plants small, tufted or forming
mats up to 3–7 mm high, green to dark green-colored. Stem usually notbranching,
very short, without central stand.
Leaves curled when dry, erect to spreading when moist; dimorphic. Gemmiferous leaves
obovate-lanceolate 1.6–2.8 × 0.6–1.2 mm., non-gemmiferus
leaves obovate to oblong ligulate, 1.1–2.1 × 0.7–1.2 mm; leaf cells unipapillose at apex and middle, papilla reducing
towards base, apical cells 6–14 × 4–12 µm; hexagonal to quadrate, basal
cells 14–43 × 6–8 µm, quadrate, elongate and cancellinae
9–13 rows in side of costa at base; 40–90 × 40–45 µm. Costa smooth on back side, 70–80 µm wide,
finely toothed at apex, percurrent to excurrent in non gemmiferous
leaves, excurrent in gemmiferous leaves. Gemmae green, radiating stellate, clustered at costal apex,
and 130–180 × 33–54 µm with shinytransparent margins
and cells having thick chlorophyll. Capsulesnot seen. Microscopic Photographs & Illustrations
for the species (Image 1; Figure 1)
Habitat: Corticolous
on Alphonsea sclerocarpa
(Annonaceae) and found associated with Frullania udarii V.
Nath & Ajit P. Singh. (Frullaniaceae). Also found on soil covered rock substratum
near the host tree.
Specimens examined: 53330-B (SKU) 24.ii.2017, 13.7340N & 79.5900E,
508m, Sadasivakona hill top, Chittoor District,
Andhra Pradesh, India, coll. Boyina Ravi Prasad Rao
& Ananthaneni Sreenath.
Distribution: Aldabra, Australia (northern
Queensland) (Fife & De Lange 2009), Benin Bioko, Brazil, Chagos Archipelago, China, Comoros, Democratic Republic of
the Congo, Ghana, Hawaiian Island, India (Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Tamil Nadu,
lower Bengal, southwestern Himalaya), Indonesia, Ivory Coast, Kenya,
Madagascar, Malaysia, Maldives, Mauritius, New Zealand, Nigeria, Papua New
Guinea, Pacific Islands (Hawaii, Fiji, Tonga Group, Cook Islands, Society
Islands, Marquesas, New Caledonia) Philippines, Reunion, Rodrigues, Seychelles,
South Africa, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, and United States (Florida).
Hypopterigium tamarisci (Sw.) Bird. ex Mull. Hal.; Syn.
Musc. Frond. 2: 8. 1850; Hypopterygium
tenellumMull.
Hal., Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 12: 557. 1854; R.S. Chopra, Tax. Indian moss. 397.
1975; Daniels, Bryophytes of Southern W. Ghats 123–124. 2003.
Plants small to medium-sized,
main stem to 5cm long creeping, secondary stem erect, dendroid to 2.5cm high, yellowish-green
to dark green above and reddish-brown below by dese tomentose. Leaves complanate, asymmetric, arranged in 3
rows, 2 lateral rows and 1 ventral row; lateral leaves ovate-abovate to 0.7–1.1 × 0.5–0.67 mm, acute to short acuminate,
finally toothed at apex, entire below at margin, bordered by two rows of limbidium, linear elongated cells, hylane
to 50–145 x 6–11 µm; leaf apical, middle and basal cells are same in size
shape, rhomboid-rhomboid hexagonal to 20–36 × 10–22 µm and some cells slightly
larger near at costa base to 30–42 × 12–22 µm.
Costa single, more or less ½ of the leaf length, ending much below the
apex. Ventral leaves orbicular-cordate to 0.43–0.47 × 0.4–0.5 mm; apex
acuminate, faintly toothed to entire at margin with border of limbidium, linear elongate hyaline cells similar to lateral
leaves. Costa more are less ½ of the
leaf length, sometimes percurent, just below the leaf
tip or whole length of the leaf. Gemmae present as axillary buds. Sporophyte not seen in this specimens. Microscopic photographs and illustrations for
the species (Image 2, A–G; Figure 2, A–G )
Habitat: Racophilous
on wet tocks near aquatic areas, found associated with Hetiroscyphus
hylanus (Geocaliaceae)
and Fissidens sp. (Fissidentaceae).
Specimens examined: 55201-A (SKU) 21.x.2018,
18.3600N & 83.0410E, 1,280m, Galikonda,
on the way of Ananthagiri to Sunkarimetta,
1.5km near Galikonda view point from Ananthagiri, Visakhapatnam District, Andhra Pradesh, India,
coll. Boyina Ravi Prasad Rao & Ananthaneni Sreenath.
Distribution: Belize, Bioko, Brazil,
Burundi, Cameron, Caribbean, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo,
Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, India (Andhra Pradesh, Kerala and Tamil Nadu), Kenya,
Madagascar, Malawi, Mascarene Islands, Mauritius, Mexico, Reunion, Rwanda, Sao
Tome, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zimbabwe.
Note: Although Dandotiya
et al. (2011) treated Hypopterigium tamarisci (Sw.) Bird. ex Mull. Hal. and H. tenellum Mull. Hal. separately, the Plant List (2013)
treated the latter as synonym to the former based on Tropicos
data.
Pterobryopsis acuminata (Hook.) M. Fleisch.
Hedwigia 45: 59. 1905; Gangulee,
Mosses of Eastern India 2(5): 1273. 1976; Manju, Eco-systematic studies on
bryophytes of Wayanad 259. 2005.
Plants small to medium-sized,
main stem to 6cm long creeping, secondary stem sub erect, dendroid, pinnate to
4cm high, secondary branches to 5–7 mm, light yellowish to brown when dry,
green to dark green when moist and dark brown below. Leaves concave, densely lamellose, spirally
arranged, stem leaves, branch leaves slightly differentiated in shape and
shape, stem leaves cordate, orbicular-ovate to 1.28–1.5 × 0.8–0.9 mm; branch
leaves ovate to 1.2–1.6 × 0.58–0.64 mm, acute to short acuminate, finally
denticulate but not at apex; leaf cells are same in stem and branch leaves;
leaf apical, middle, basal and alar cells slightly, differentiated in size,
shape; leaf cells thick walled elongated, basal and middle cells to 50–60 ×
10–12 µm, apical cells 26–30 × 0.7–10 µm and alar cells differentiated with
other all leaf cells, quadrangular to 10–12 × 0.7–1 µm. stem attachment cells
transparent and base reddish-brown to golden brown in color. Costa more than ½ of the leaf length, single,
ending much below the leaf tip, costa end simple or sometimes furcate. Gemmae absent some.
Sporophyte not seen in this specimen.
Microscopic photographs and illustrations for the species (Image 2, H–N;
Figure 2, H–M)
Habitat: Corticolous
on old, wet tree trunks of branching base, found associated with Stereophyllum sp. (Plageotheciaceae)
and Erythrodontium julacium
(Erythrodontaceae).
Specimens examined: 53900–B 13.xii.2017, 17.8250N
& 82.6180E, 800m, interior forest of Vantamamidi
near Lambasingi, Visakhapatnam District, Andhra
Pradesh, India, coll. Boyina Ravi Prasad Rao & Ananthaneni Sreenath.
Distribution: India (Andhra Pradesh, Tamil
Nadu, Kerala, Khasia Hills and Sikkim), Indo-Burma,
and China.
Discussion
Bryophytes are an important
component of plant biomass especially in forests and play a vital role in soil
development, nutrient biogeochemical cycling and ecological succession (Frego 2007). Studies
on bryophytes are, however, sparse owing to the difficulty in their
identification, availability of less literature and as well as high-costs for
explorations. Only a few studies are
there on bryoflora of Andhra Pradesh and most of the
bryophytes of the state were recorded in the past three decades from the
state. Past studies on bryoflora of Andhra Pradesh includes: Rao et al. (1999); Sowghandika (2010); Rani et al. (2011a,b, 2012, 2014); Sowghandika et al. (2011); Pullaiah
et al. (2012). Perusal of
literature (Rani et al. 2014; Manjula & Manju 2016; Pande
et al. 2019) revealed the records of 101 taxa (99 species) belonging to 36
families. Owing to the presence of
diversified bryophyte habitats in the state and consequently anticipated much
more diversity, we explored the state for the past three years
intensively. The present records of
three bryophyte species are part of the result of this exploration.
Calymperaceae is distinct in Bryopsida with gemmiferous leaftips. Calymperes tenerum Mull.Hal., an acrocarpous moss is
distributed South America, Africa, southern and southeastern
Asia, Pacific Islands; in India, the species is having discontinuous
distribution: in southern peninsular India, southwestern Himalaya and lower
Bengal; we could locate it only in one place of Andhra Pradesh. Hypopterygiaceae,
characterized by plants with dendroid habit are pleurocarpous
mosses. Hypopterygium tamarisci (Sw.) Brid. ex Müll.
Hall. are distributed in Brazil, Bioko, Mexico, central America, Africa, Indian
Ocean Islands, and southeastern Asia; in India, the
species is known only from southern peninsular India states; and currently
recorded only from one locality in Andhra Pradesh. Pterobryaceae
characterized by concave shaped leaves are pleurocarpous
mosses. Pterobryopsis
acuminata (Hook.) M. Fleisch.
is recorded only from Indo-Burma, China, and India; in India the species is
known from the Eastern Ghats, Kerala, and northeastern
India and presently recorded only from one locality in Andhra Pradesh. All the three species reported as new records
to states are not falling in any threatened categories (IUCN 2001).
For
figures & images - - click here
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