Journal of
Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 11 December 2018 | 10(14):
12859–12906
The birds of Kurdistan Province, western Iran
Fatah Zarei 1, Seyed Naseh
Hosseini 2, Ridha Hassan Hussein 3, Jalal Pezeshk 4,
Mariwan Rahim 5 & Loghman
Maleki6
1 Zoology Section, Department of Biology,
College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71454, Iran
2,4 Zarivar Bird Records Group Bureau, Chya
Green Association, Marivan 6671915640, Iran
2 Kurdistan Provincial Representatives, Iran
Bird Records Committee (IBRC), Tehran, Iran
3 Department of Biology, School of Science,
University of Sulaimani, As Sulaymaniyah, P.O.Box 334 Sulaimani, Iraq
5 Sulaimani Directorate of Environment, As
Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
6 Department of Biological Science, Faculty
of Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj 66177-15175, Iran
1 fataahzarei@gmail.com (corresponding
author), 2 sey.naseh@gmail.com, 3
ridha.hussein@univsul.edu.iq, 4 pezeshk.jalal1981@gmail.com, 5
biomariwan@gmail.com, 6 l.maleki@uok.ac.ir
Abstract: A checklist of the birds of Kurdistan
Province, western Iran, is presented based on records of avian species whose
presence was confirmed in the area as a result of field surveys conducted from
2010 to 2018, literature review, and personal communications from
researchers. This edition of the
checklist includes 310 species of 23 orders and 59 families. Accepted English names, scientific names,
authority, remarks on taxonomy, status, habitat, vernacular names in Kurdish,
and conservation status pertaining to the birds of this region are given. Our work comprises the first ornithological
document to cover all the bird species recorded to date in this province.
Keywords: Avifauna, checklist, conservation,
habitat, status, taxonomy.
Kurdish abstract: puxte: lîstî
pêdaçuneweyi ballindekanî nawçeyi
kurdistanî rojawayi êran leserbinemayi tomarî ew core ballindaneyi ke le
nawçekeda çespênrawe xiraweterrû, em tomaraneş le encamî rupêwî kêllgeyî le
nêwan sallanî 2010-2018 kokrawetewe, kokrdineweyi zaniyarî le billawkrawekan û
herweha ew peywendiye kesiyaneyi ke legell twêjerekanda hebuwe. lem çapeda 310
corballinde keser be 23 pol û 59 xêzanin xiraweterrû. le polênikrdinekeda; nawî
înglîzî, nawî zanistî, nawî danerekan, bariyan, nşîngeyan, nawekaniyan be zimanî
dayk (kurdî) û herweha barî parêzirawyan ke bestirawetewe bew ballindaneyi ke
lem nawçeyedaye baskrawe. karekeyi ême yekemîn bellgenameyi ballindenasîye,
hemû ew core ballindane degrêtewe ke ta emirro le nawçekeda tomarkrawn.
klîlewşe: ballindekanî nawçeyek, lîstî pêdaçunewe, parêziraw, nşînge,
bar, polêninasî.
doi: https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.4235.10.14.12859-12906 | ZooBank:
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:80949A3C-2352-4295-98F8-D2020124BE4A
Editor: Reuven Yosef, Ben Gurion University of the Negev,
Eilat, Israel. Date
of publication: 11 December 2018 (online & print)
Manuscript details: Ms # 4235 | Received 04 May 2018 | Final received 14
October 2018 | Finally accepted 29 October 2018
Citation: Zarei, F., S.N. Hosseini, R.H.
Hussein, J. Pezeshk, M. Rahim & L. Maleki (2018).
The birds of Kurdistan Province,
western Iran. Journal of Threatened Taxa 10(14): 12859–12906; https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.4235.10.14.12859-12906
Copyright: © Zarei et al. 2018. Creative
Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. JoTT allows unrestricted use of
this article in any medium, reproduction and distribution by providing adequate
credit to the authors and the source of publication.
Funding: Chya Green Association.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
Author Details: Fatah Zarei is currently
a PhD student of Systematic Zoology at Shiraz University. He has completed his
MSc in Molecular Systematics at Shahid Beheshti University of Tehran. The
general area of his interest is Molecular Ecology and Phylogeography, but he
has been studying the diversity and distribution of birds of Kurdistan for
several years. Seyed Naseh Hosseini
is a professional birdwatcher at Chya Green Association and the provincial
representative of Kurdistan at Iran Bird Records Committee (IBRC). Dr. Ridha Hassan Hussein is an Assistant
Professor of Zoology at University of Sulaimani, and currently, the president
of university. Jalal Pezeshk is a
local birdwatcher and wildlife photographer at Chya Green Association. Mariwan Rahim received his MSc degree in
Applied Ecology and Conservation from University of East Anglia, UK. Currently,
he is an ecologist and wildlife expert at Sulaimani Directorate of Environment.
Dr. Loghman Maleki is an Assistant
Professor of Systematic Zoology at University of Kurdistan.
Author Contribution: FZ conceived and designed the work. FZ, SNH, JP, MR and LM conducted
field surveys and data collection. FZ led the writing of the manuscript with inputs
from RHH, MR and LM. All the authors equally contributed in refining the
manuscript drafts and approved the final version.
Acknowledgements: We are grateful to Heidar Veisi from Kurdistan Provincial Office of the
Department of the Environment for providing facilities for sampling and
accessibility to the study area. We
would also like to thank Sherko Kanisanani and Namegh Khodayar for their help
during the fieldwork.
Introduction
Many international
and Iranian ornithologists investigated the avifauna of Iran over the past two
centuries (Khaleghizadeh 2007; Roselaar & Aliabadian 2007). As a result, a total of 551 bird species from
26 orders and 84 families was recorded from Iran (Khaleghizadeh et al.
2017b). While the avifauna of the
southern Caspian region and northwestern, northeastern, and southern regions of
Iran was well covered in these studies, that of some provinces in the west was
scantily covered ( Roselaar & Aliabadian 2007; Khaleghizadeh et al. 2011).
Situated
in western Iran, Kurdistan Province supports a significant number of bird
species, especially some globally threatened species. While the herpetofauna (Rastegar-Pouyani et
al. 2009; Rastegar-Pouyani 2011; Bahmani et al. 2012, 2014) and ichthyofauna
(Esmaeili et al. 2011, 2017; Imanpour-Namin et al. 2015; Zarei &
Rajabi-Maham 2017; Sadeghi et al. in press) of this province were well studied,
no comprehensive survey of its avifauna was published yet. The great habitat diversity of this province
highlights the need for ornithological studies.
Herein we present a revised and up-to-date checklist of its bird species
with notes on their taxonomy, status, habitat, and conservation.
Materials and
Methods
Study area
Kurdistan
Province is located on the western edge of the Iranian plateau (total area
28,203km2, between 34.73–36.50 0N and 45.51–48.26 0E),
sharing its northern border with the Western Azerbaijan Province, the southern border
with Kermanshah Province, the western border with Iraqi Kurdistan region, and
the eastern border with Zanjan and Hamedan provinces (Fig. 1). The altitude ranges from 900m to 3,390m. The annual precipitation ranges from 400mm in
the eastern and central highlands (Images 1 & 2) to more than 800mm in the
western mountainous areas (Image 3; Ghasriani 1998). It maintains a rich flora (2,110 species in
113 families and 629 genera or about 25% of plant species recorded throughout
the country; Maroufi 2012). It is placed
in the middle of the Irano-Anatolia biodiversity hotspot and includes a variety
of mountainous habitats with Persian Oak Quercus brantii forests (Image
3), numerous artificial and natural water bodies (Images 4 & 5), and
meadows with cold Mediterranean climate.
It possesses four protected areas (namely, Shahu-Kusalan, Abdolrazaq,
Bijar, and Badr & Parishan; Fig. 1) and one wildlife refuge (Zarivar
Wildlife Refuge; Image 5). Zarivar Lake
(or Zarivar Wetland; 35.900N & 46.200E), located in
the west of the province, is an important bird area (IBA; Evans 1994) and a
wetland with international importance in the Middle East (Scott 1995).
Study method
In the
present paper, only those species whose presence was confirmed in Kurdistan
Province via field surveys in the western half of the province from 2010 to
2018, literature review (Scott et al. 1975; Mansoori 2013; Kaboli et al. 2016;
Khaleghizadeh et al. 2017a,b; Zarei et al. 2017, 2018, in press; IBRC 2018),
mid-winter waterbirds census data (DOE MWWC Data 2018), and personal
communications with local ornithologists are listed.
The
birds were observed through a Swarovski ATX/STX spotting scope and a Beileshi
10×50 396FT/1000YDS sports military optics binoculars. Images were taken using a Canon EOS 70D
camera equipped with a Canon 100–400 mm f/4.5–5.6 L IS lens.
The
classification followed here was based on the IOC World Bird List 2017. In our taxonomic list, we first mention
orders and families, then species. For
each species, we present the scientific name, authority, English name, Kurdish
name, status, habitat, IUCN and CITES categories, and the status of each
species under Iran’s Environmental Laws (Parliamentary Affairs 2000). In remarks, whatever information available on
the confirmed and hypothetical subspecies pertaining to the birds of Kurdistan
Province and nearby regions are given (extracted from Kaboli et al. 2016;
Khaleghizadeh et al. 2017a).
Habitat type
The
bird species occupied 15 habitat types in Kurdistan Province and were used in
this checklist following habitat types represented by Kaboli et al. (2016):
(1)
sparsely wooded meadows, (2) steppes, (3) dense forests and woodlands, (4)
mountain brooks and rivers, (5) short bush and thorn scrub, (6) forest and woodland
fringes, (7) dense bushlands, (8) wetlands, (9) boulder-strewn mountains, (10)
semi-deserts, (11) human settlements (cities & villages), (12) open
landscapes (meadows, plains & moorlands), (13) mountains, (14) lakes and
rivers, and (15) sparse woodlands.
Status
Status
includes individuals or various populations existing in different regions of
the province as residents, summer visitors, winter visitors, passage migrants,
or vagrants that were extracted from Kaboli et al. (2016) and Khaleghizadeh et
al. (2017a) and also based on our observations and personal communications:
Resident
(R): Most, if not all, individuals in a population are sedentary, i.e., remain
in or reasonably close to their breeding areas throughout the year.
Summer
visitor and breeder (S): Migratory birds that occur in their breeding areas
only during the breeding season, typically arriving in spring (March or April)
and departing in autumn (August or September).
Summer non-breeder status is denoted by ‘s’.
Winter
visitor (W): Migratory birds that arrive in the region in autumn, remain
throughout winter (December–February), and depart in spring.
Passage
migrant (P): Migratory birds that occur in the region only on passage during
the spring and/or autumn migration seasons (typically March to May and late
July to early November); they neither breed in the region nor occur there in
winter.
Vagrant
(V): A bird well outside its normal range and presumably lost; the occurrence
of vagrants is rare and unpredictable.
Conservation
The
international and national conservation statuses for each bird species are
provided in this section:
The
level of conservation determined by International Union for Conservation of
Nature (IUCN): Critically Endangered (CR), Endangered (EN), Vulnerable (VU), Near
Threatened (NT), Data Deficient (DD), Least Concern (LC), or not recognized
(NR).
The
appendix in which a species is listed in the Convention on Interactional Trade
in Endangered Species (CITES): I, II, or III.
The
national level of conservation, defined and implemented by the Iranian
Department of Environment (DOE), for each species is presented here: endangered
(End.), protected (Prot.), unprotected (no letter), and pest species (Pest).
Results
The avifauna
of Kurdistan Province comprises 310 species of 23 orders and 59 families (Table
1).
This
checklist presented 22 bird species for Kurdistan Province that were considered
as rare for Iran by several authors (Scott 2008; Roselaar & Aliabadian
2009; Khaleghizadeh et al. 2011) and Iran’s Bird Records Committee (IBRC). Rare species are marked by an asterisk (*)
symbol in Table 1.
The
most diverse order is Passeriformes with 138 species (44.5%) of avifauna,
followed by Charadriiformes (53 species, 17.1%), Accipitriformes and
Anseriformes (each with 23 species, 7.4%), and Pelecaniformes (15 species,
4.8%) (Fig. 2).
The
most diverse families are Scolopacidae with 25 species (8%) of avifauna,
followed by Anatidae and Muscicapidae (23 species each, 7.4%), Accipitridae (22
species, 7.1%), Laridae (15 species, 4.8%), Fringillidae (12 species, 3.9%),
and Sturnidae (10 species, 3.2%).
Twenty-one families have only one species each (Fig. 3).
Among
the reported species, 279 species (90%) are LC, three NR (1%), eight VU (2.6%),
four EN (1.3%), and 16 NT (5.2%) in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
(IUCN 2018). Six species are listed in
Appendix I and 37 species in Appendix II of the CITES. In addition, 14 species are endangered
(End.), 55 are protected (Prot.), 232 are unprotected, and nine are pests based
on definitions of the Iranian DOE (Fig. 4).
Remarks
1. Anser
anser rubrirostris Swinhoe, 1871 is the only form likely to occur in Iran.
2. Anser
albifrons albifrons (Scopoli, 1769) is the only form likely to occur in
Iran.
5. Cygnus
columbianus bewickii Yarrel, 1830 is the only form likely to occur in Iran.
9. The
nominate form is common in Iran.
11. Anas
platyrhynchos platyrhynchos Linnaeus, 1758 is the only form likely to occur
in Iran.
13. Anas
crecca crecca Linnaeus, 1758 is the only form likely to occur in Iran.
22. Mergus
merganser merganser Linnaeus, 1758 is the only form likely to occur in
Iran.
24. Alectoris
chukar kurdestanica Meinertzhagen, 1923 occurs in northwestern Iran east to
Alborz and Kurdistan (Vaurie 1965).
26. Perdix
perdix canescens Buturlin, 1906 occurs in northwestern Iran, Zagros to
Lorestan and perhaps in the south Caspian region.
27. Coturnix
coturnix coturnix (Linnaeus, 1758) is the only form likely to occur in Iran.
29. Podiceps
cristatus cristatus (Linnaeus, 1758) is the only form likely to occur in
Iran.
30. Podiceps
nigricollis nigricollis Brehm, 1831 is the only form likely to occur in
Iran.
33. Ciconia
ciconia ciconia (Linnaeus, 1758) is the form that breeds commonly in
northern and western Iran and winters in southwestern Iran.
35. Platalea
leucorodia leucorodia Linnaeus, 1758 is the only form likely to occur in
Iran.
36. Botaurus
stellaris stellaris (Linnaeus, 1758) is the only form likely to occur in Iran.
37. Ixobrychus
minutus minutus (Linnaeus, 1766) is the only form likely to occur in Iran.
38. Nycticorax
nycticorax nycticorax (Linnaeus, 1758) is the only form likely to occur in
Iran.
41. Ardea
cinerea cinerea Linnaeus, 1758 is the only form likely to occur in Iran.
42. Ardea
purpurea purpurea (Linnaeus, 1766) is the only form likely to occur in
Iran.
43. Ardea
alba alba Linnaeus, 1758 is a common passage migrant and winter visitor
occurring in wetlands throughout Iran.
44. Egretta
garzetta garzetta (Linnaeus, 1766) is the only form likely to occur in
Iran.
48. Phalacrocorax
carbo sinensis (Staunton, 1796) is the only form likely to occur in Iran.
49. Pandion
haliaetus haliaetus (Linnaeus, 1758) is the only form likely to occur in
Iran.
50. Gypaetus
barbatus barbatus (Linnaeus, 1758) is the only form likely to occur in
Iran.
51. Neophron
percnopterus percnopterus (Linnaeus, 1758) is the only form likely to occur
in Iran.
52. Gyps
fulvus fulvus (Hablizl, 1783) is the only form likely to occur in Iran.
58. Aquila
nipalensis orientalis Cabanis, 1854 is the only form likely to occur in
Iran.
60. Aquila
chrysaetos homeyeri Severtzov, 1888 is the only form likely to occur in
Iran (Vaurie 1965; Erard & Etchécopar 1970; Hüe & Etchécopar 1970).
62. Accipiter
nisus nisus (Linnaeus, 1758) was recorded in northern and western Iran
(Vaurie 1965).
63. Accipiter
gentilis marginatus (Piller & Mitterpacher, 1783) is the form likely to
occur in Iran.
64. Circus
aeruginosus aeruginosus (Linnaeus, 1758) is the only form likely to occur
in Iran.
68. Milvus
migrans migrans (Boddaert, 1783) occurs in Iran, except in the southwestern
and southern regions. Milvus migrans
lineatus (Gray, 1831) occurs in southern and southwestern Iran (Vaurie
1965; Hüe & Etchécopar 1970).
69. Haliaeetus
albicilla albicilla (Linnaeus, 1758) is the only form likely to occur in
Iran.
70. Buteo
rufinus rufinus (Cretzschmar, 1829) is the only form likely to occur in
Iran.
71. Buteo
buteo vulpinus (Gloger, 1833) is a fairly common passage migrant throughout
northern, western, and southwestern Iran, with small numbers remaining
throughout the winter (Kaboli et al. 2016).
72. Otis
tarda tarda Linnaeus, 1758 is the only form likely to occur in Iran.
73. Rallus
aquaticus aquaticus Linnaeus, 1758 occurs in northern Iran while R. a.
korejewi Zarudny, 1905 occurs in eastern and southern Iran in the Zagros
from Lorestan to Kerman (Vaurie 1965).
77. Two
subspecies occur in Iran, Porphyrio poliocephalus seistanicus and P.
p. poliocephalus. Birds from Sistan,
the southern Caspian, Turkey, and (formerly) Syria are all similar in size and
distinctly larger than birds from southwestern Iran (Khuzestan). Birds from Khuzestan and Iraq are
inseparable, being similar in size and colour to Pakistan/Indian birds and are
thus P. p. poliocephalus.
78. Gallinula
chloropus chloropus (Linnaeus, 1758) is the form widely known from Iran
(Vaurie 1965; Hüe & Etchécopar 1970).
79. Fulica
atra atra Linnaeus, 1758 is the only form likely to occur in Iran.
80. The
form that breeds in northwestern Iran, northeastern Khorasan, Fars, and Sistan
and the that occurs on passage in the northeastern Caspian are believed to be Grus
grus lilfordi Sharpe, 1894 (Vaurie 1965; Hüe & Etchécopar 1970).
81. Burhinus
oedicnemus oedicnemus (Linnaeus, 1758) occurs in northwestern Iran and the
region of Anzali west to southwestern Caspian (Vaurie 1965; Hüe &
Etchécopar 1970) while B. o. saharae (Reichenow, 1894) occurs in
southwestern Iran (Vaurie 1963a, 1965; Message & Taylor 2005).
82.
Most forms that occur in Iran are assumed to be Haematopus ostralegus
longipes Buturlin, 1910 but it is possible that two other forms, H. o.
ostralegus and H. o. buturlini, occur on passage and in winter.
87. Vanellus
indicus aigneri (Laubmann, 1913) is the only form likely to occur in Iran.
89. Charadrius
hiaticula tundrae (Lowe, 1915) is the only form likely to occur in Iran.
90. Charadrius
dubius curonicus Gmelin, 1789 is the form known to occur widely in Iran
(Vaurie 1965).
91. Charadrius
alexandrines alexandrinus Linnaeus, 1758 is the form known to occur in Iran
(Vaurie 1965; Hüe & Etchécopar 1970).
92. Charadrius
leschenaultia scythicus Carlos Roselaar & Voisin, 2012 is the commonest
form that occurs on passage in the southern Caspian region and in winter in the
Persian Gulf.
96. The
form that occurs in Iran is the nominate (Vaurie 1965).
97. Limosa
limosa limosa (Linnaeus, 1758) is the only form likely to occur in Iran.
98. The
forms that occur in Iran were previously included within the nominate form
(Løppenthin 1951; Schüz 1959; Vaurie 1965; Erard & Etchécopar 1970; Hüe
& Etchécopar 1970) but is now treated as a separate subspecies Limosa
lapponica taymyrensis Engelmoer & Roselaar 1998 (Engelmoer &
Roselaar 1998; Delany et al. 2009; Dickinson & Remsen 2013).
99. Numenius
arquata orientalis Brehm, 1831 would seem to be the commonest form that
occurs in Iran but many birds show intermediate characteristics between N.
a. arquata and N. a. orientalis (Delany et al. 2009).
101.
The subspecies that occurs in Iran needs verification. The birds that breed in northwestern Iran and
the Zagros were assigned to Tringa tetanus totanus (Linnaeus, 1758) by
Vaurie (1965). According to Delany et
al. (2009), the birds that occur as passage migrants and winter visitors at
wetlands throughout Iran belong to the population of T. t. ussuriensis
Buturlin, 1934.
108.
The form that occurs in Iran is the nominate (Vaurie 1965; Hüe & Etchécopar
1970).
109. Calidris
alba alba (Pallas, 1764) is the only form likely to occur in Iran.
113. Calidris
alpine centralis (Buturlin, 1932) is likely to be much the commonest form
that occurs in Iran.
114. Calidris
falcinellus falcinellus (Pontoppidan, 1763) is the only form known to occur
in Iran (Delany et al. 2009).
118. Glareola
pratincola pratincola (Linnaeus, 1766) is the only form likely to occur in
Iran.
123. Larus
canus heinei Homeyer, 1853 is the only form known to occur in Iran. The nominate form could occur as a vagrant or
rare winter visitor.
127. Gelochelidon
nilotica nilotica (Gmelin, 1789) is the only form likely to occur in Iran.
129. Sternula
albifrons albifrons (Pallas, 1764) is the only form that occurs in Iran
(Vaurie 1965).
130. Sterna
hirundo hirundo Linnaeus, 1758 is the only form likely to occur in Iran
(Vaurie 1965). There is a possibility
that S. h. longipennis could occur as a vagrant.
133. Chlidonias
niger niger (Linnaeus, 1758) is the only subspecies likely to occur in
Iran.
134. Pterocles
orientalis orientalis (Linnaeus, 1758) occurs in western Iran reaching
Firuz-Kuh in the north (Paludan 1940) and Shiraz in the south (Paludan 1938).
135. Columba
livia gaddi Zarudny & Loudon, 1906 occurs throughout Iran except in the
extreme southeastern region where it grades into C. l. neglecta Hume,
1873 (Vaurie 1965).
136. Columba
oenas oenas Linnaeus, 1758 is the only form likely to occur in Iran.
137. Columba
palumbus iranica (Zarudny, 1910) is the form that occurs in northern Iran
from Kurdistan east to northeastern Khorasan and in southern Iran from
Khuzestan east to Shiraz (Vaurie 1965).
138. Streptopelia
turtur turtur (Linnaeus, 1758) breeds in northern Iran from Azerbaijan,
Ardabil, and Hamadan east through Gilan and Mazandaran to Firuzkuh (Tehran). Streptopelia turtur arenicola
(Hartert, 1894) occurs in central, southern, and eastern Iran from Lorestan and
Khuzestan east to Baluchestan, in east, north to Golestan and Khorasan, grading
into the nominate turtur on the southern slopes of Elburz (Vaurie 1961,
1965).
139. Streptopelia
decaocto decaocto (Frivaldszky, 1838) is the only form likely to occur in
Iran.
140. Spilopelia
senegalensis cambayensis (Gmelin, 1789) is the widespread form in Iran,
except perhaps in the northeastern regions.
142. Cuculus
canorus canorus Linnaeus, 1758 occurs in northwestern and northern Iran
(Vaurie 1965) while C. c. subtelephonus Zarudny, 1914 occurs in Iran,
except in the northwestern regions (Vaurie 1965; Hüe & Etchécopar 1970).
143. Otus
scops turanicus (Loudon, 1905) is the widespread breeding form in Iran,
occurring from the northwestern region of the country east through the southern
region and Alborz to northern Khorasan and southeast through the Zagros to
Kerman (Vaurie 1965; Hüe & Etchécopar 1970). Otus scops pulchellus (Pallas, 1771)
migrates on its way to and from wintering areas in southwestern Asia and
northeastern Africa (Vaurie 1965).
144. Bubo
bubo interpositus Rothschild & Hartert, 1910 occurs in northwestern and
northern Iran (Vaurie 1960, 1963b). Bubo
bubo nikolskii Zarudny, 1905 occurs in Khorasan south to Sistan, west to
Kerman, and in the Zagros west at least as far as Lorestan (Vaurie 1965).
145. Strix
aluco sanctinicolai (Zarudny, 1905) occurs in the Zagros from Kurdistan to
Fars, and probably also in southwestern Azarbaijan (Vaurie 1965; Kaboli et al.
2016).
146. Athene
noctua bactriana Blyth, 1847 is the only form recorded in Iran (Vaurie
1965; Porter & Aspinall 2010).
147. Asio
otus otus (Linnaeus, 1758) is the only form likely to occur in Iran.
148. Asio
flammeus flammeus (Pontoppidan, 1763) is the only form likely to occur in
Iran.
149. Caprimulgus
europaeus europaeus Linnaeus, 1758 is known to migrate through Iran (Vaurie
1965) and C. e. meridionalis Hartert, 1896 is known to occur in northwestern
Iran (Roselaar 1995). Caprimulgus
europaeus unwini Hume, 1871 breeds throughout Iran except in the
northwestern regions, where it is replaced by C. e. meridionalis.
150. Tachymarptis
melba tuneti (Tschusi, 1904) occurs in Iran except in the northwestern and
northern regions (Vaurie 1965).
151. Apus
apus pekinensis (Swinhoe, 1870) is the form that breeds throughout Iran
(Vaurie 1965) and A. a. apus (Linnaeus, 1758) occurs on migration in
Iran.
152. Apus
affinis galilejensis (Antinori, 1855) is the only form likely to occur in
Iran.
153. Coracias
garrulous garrulus Linnaeus, 1758 is the form that breeds in northwestern
Iran and northern Iran (Vaurie 1965), while C. g. semenowi Loudon &
Tschusi, 1902 is the form that breeds throughout much of Iran except the
northwestern and northern regions, the southern Persian Gulf coast, and the
southern Persian Baluchestan.
154. Halcyon
smyrnensis smyrnensis Linnaeus, 1758 is the only form known to occur in
Iran (Vaurie 1965).
155. Alcedo
atthis atthis (Linnaeus, 1758) is the only form known to occur in Iran
(Vaurie 1965; Hüe & Etchécopar 1970).
156.
Old records of Ceryle rudis rudisnow refer to the recently described
subspecies C. r. syriacus Roselaar, 1995. Ceryle rudis syriacus Roselaar, 1995
was recently described from specimens taken from many localities from Turkey
southeast to southwestern Iran and south to Israel and Jordan (Roselaar 1995).
157. Merops
persicus persicus Pallas, 1773 is the only form likely to occur in Iran.
159. Upupa
epops epops Linnaeus, 1758 is the only form likely to occur in Iran.
160. Jynx
torquilla torquilla (Linnaeus, 1758) is the only form known to occur in
Iran, although J. t. sarudnyi could occur on passage.
161. Dendrocopos
minor morgani Zarudny & Loudon, 1904 is the form that occurs in western
and southwestern Iran in the Zagros mountains (Vaurie 1965).
162. Dendrocopos
medius sanctijohannis (Blanford, 1873) is the form that occurs in the oak
forests of Zagros mountains.
163.
Vaurie (1965) and Hüe & Etchécopar (1970) consider this species to be
monotypic, but Dickinson & Remsen (2013) believe that there are three
subspecies in Iran. Dendrocopos
syriacus syriacus (Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1833) occurs in open woodlands
and orchards from western Iran southeast through the Zagros oak forests to the
Kerman highlands and Hormozgan (Kaboli et al. 2016).
164. Picus
viridis innominatus (Zarudny & Loudon, 1905) occurs in the oak forests
of western Zagros and Kurdistan to central Fars (Kaboli et al. 2016).
166. Falco
tinnunculus tinnunculus Linnaeus, 1758 is the only form likely to occur in
Iran.
168. Falco
subbuteo subbuteo Linnaeus, 1758 is the only form likely to occur in Iran.
169. Falco
cherrug cherrug Gray, 1834 was recorded in northwestern Iran (Vaurie 1965;
Hüe & Etchécopar 1970). Paludan
(1938) mentioned a record of F. c. saceroides from Kermanshah. Northeastern Iran is somewhat close to its
global range but any specimen from western Iran is well outside the known
global range of this form.
171.
According to Vaurie (1965) and Hüe & Etchécopar (1970), Falco
pelegrinoides pelegrinoides Temminck, 1829 probably occurs in northwestern
Iran and perhaps in the Zagros in southwestern Iran. Dickinson (2003) and Gill & Donsker
(2017) include southwestern Iran within the global range of this subspecies.
172.
According to Hue & Etchécopar (1970), Psittacula krameri borealis
(Neumann, 1915) is the form that was introduced in Tehran and also in
Iraq. Its natural range extends as far
west as southeastern Baluchestan in Pakistan.
173. Lanius
collurio kobylini (Buturlin, 1906) is the form known to breed in Iran and
to occur commonly on migration. The
nominate form also could occur on migration.
174. Lanius
isabellinus isabellinus Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1833 is the only form
likely to occur in Iran.
178. Lanius
senator niloticus (Bonaparte, 1853) is the only form likely to occur in
Iran.
181. Garrulus
glandarius anatoliae Seebohm, 1883 occurs in western and southwestern Iran
in the Zagros.
182. Pica
pica bactriana Bonaparte, 1850 is the only form that occurs in Iran.
183. Pyrrhocorax
pyrrhocorax docilis (Gmelin, 1774) is the only form likely to occur in
Iran.
184. Pyrrhocorax
graculus digitatus Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1833 is known from the western
Zagros (Vaurie 1959) and presumably the form occurring throughout the Zagros
east to Fars.
185. Coloeus
monedula soemmerringii (Fischer von Waldheim, 1811) is the only form likely
to occur in Iran.
186.
Iranian birds have bills that are markedly more slender than bills of the nominate
form and it is therefore possible that the form Corvus frugilegus tschusii
is valid. Corvus frugilegus
frugilegus Linnaeus, 1758 is the only form likely to occur in Iran, unless C.
f. tschusii is found to be valid.
187. Corvus
cornix sharpie Oates, 1889 is a common and widespread resident in Iran,
absent only from the central deserts, southwestern and southern lowlands, and
Sistan & Baluchestan (Kaboli et al. 2016).
188. Corvus
corax laurencei Hume, 1873 is the form that occurs in western Iran along
the Zagros to Fars and Khuzestan and in eastern Iran (Vaurie 1959; Hüe &
Etchécopar 1970).
189. Poecile
lugubris anatoliae (Hartert, 1905) is thought to be the form that occurs in
the Kalibar mountains in northern Azarbaijan (Roselaar 1995; Kaboli et al.
2016). Poecile lugubris anatoliae
probably grades into P. l. dubius in eastern Kurdistan or northwestern
Zagros (Vaurie 1959). Poecile
lugubris dubius (Hellmayr, 1901) is a common resident in the Zagros from
Kermanshah to Fars (Vaurie 1959; Kaboli et al. 2016).
190. Parus
major blanfordi Prazak, 1894 occurs from Kurdistan and Zanjan throughout
the Zagros along the southern slopes of Alborz and in the eastern Alborz from
Gorgan to the Dasht area near the Golestan/Khorasan border, extending in the
south to Kerman and Fars (Kaboli et al. 2016).
191. Cyanistes
caeruleus satunini Zarudny, 1908 occurs in northwestern Iran from
Azerbaijan south to eastern Kurdistan and Hamadan (Vaurie 1959; Hüe &
Etchécopar 1970), grading into C. c. persicus (Blanford, 1873) in
Hamadan (Hüe & Etchécopar 1970). Cyanistes
caeruleus persicus is the form that occurs from western Kurdistan and
Kermanshah southeast through Zagros to central Fars (Kaboli et al. 2016).
192. Remiz
pendulinus menzbieri (Zarudny, 1913) is a rather common breeding bird in
northwestern Iran, occurring southeast through Zagros possibly as far as Fars,
and a winter visitor throughout southern Iran from Khuzestan to southern
Baluchestan (Kaboli et al. 2016).
193. Panurus
biarmicus russicus (Brehm, 1831) is known from the southern Caspian region,
northern Khorasan in the Atrak basin, and Sistan & Baluchestan (Vaurie
1959).
194. Lullula
arborea pallidae Zarudny, 1902 is the only form likely to occur in Iran.
195. Alauda
arvensis cantarella Bonaparte, 1850 is known from northwestern and northern
Iran south to Khuzestan and Kerman (Vaurie 1959). This may be the commonest form occurring on
passage and in winter in northwestern and western Iran south to Khuzestan and
the Persian Gulf coast.
196. Galerida
cristata subtaurica (Kollibay, 1912) occurs in northern Iran east to Tehran
and western Iran south to Khuzestan and Lorestan (Vaurie 1959; Hüe &
Etchécopar 1970). Galerida cristata
iwanowi Loudon & Zarudny, 1903 is said to occur throughout Iran except
in the southwestern, northwestern, and northern regions (AERC TAC 2003).
197. Eremophila
alpestris penicillata (Gould, 1838) is the form that breeds in northern
Iran east to northwestern Khorasan and in western Iran southeast through the
Zagros to Fars (Vaurie 1959; Hüe & Etchécopar 1970).
198. Calandrella
brachydactyla artemisiana Banjkowski, 1913 is the form that breeds
throughout much of Iran except in the eastern regions (Vaurie 1959).
199. Melanocorypha
bimaculata bimaculata (Menetries, 1832) is the form that breeds in western
and southern Iran from Azerbaijan through the Zagros to central Fars and Kerman
(Vaurie 1959; Hüe & Etchécopar 1970).
200.
Vaurie (1959) gives the range of Melanocorypha calandra calandra
(Linnaeus, 1766) in Iran as northwestern Iran and western Zagros to Lorestan;
IOC gives the range simply as
northwestern Iran. Vaurie (1959) gives
the breeding range of M. c. psammochroa Hartert, 1904 in Iran as Zagros
east from Lorestan, southern Iran, and Khorasan; however, IOC gives the range as southern Iran, while
Dickinson (2003) restricts the breeding range of this form in Iran to
northeastern Iran and does not include Iraq within its global breeding range.
201. Alaudala
rufescens heinei (Homeyer, 1873) is a winter visitor to Iran that occurs in
northern, western, and eastern Iran (Vaurie 1959).
202. Riparia
riparia riparia (Linnaeus, 1758) is the only form that breeds in Iran and
probably much the commonest form on migration.
Riparia riparia innominata Zarudny, 1916 is probably a regular
passage migrant in Iran.
203. Hirundo
rustica rustica (Linnaeus, 1758) is the only form known to occur in Iran
(Vaurie 1959; Hüe & Etchécopar 1970).
205.
Many authors, including Vaurie (1959) and Hüe & Etchécopar (1970), assign
all populations in western Eurasia to the nominate form. The southern populations, including the birds
that breed in Iran, however, are distinctly smaller than those from Delichon
urbicum urbicum type locality in Sweden and are sometimes separated as D.
u. meridionale. This is the
treatment adopted by IOC and followed
here. Delichon urbicum urbicum
(Linnaeus, 1758), as now recognized by IOC , probably occurs in Iran only as a
passage migrant moving between breeding areas in western Siberia and winter
quarters in Africa. Following IOC, D.
u. meridionale (Hartert, 1910) is presumably the form breeding in
mountainous regions almost throughout Iran.
206. Cecropis
daurica rufula (Temminck, 1835) is the only form likely to occur in Iran
(Vaurie 1959; Kaboli et al. 2016).
207. Cettia
cetti orientalis Tristram, 1867 is the form that breeds commonly in
northern Iran from Azerbaijan to Lorestan eastward to Tehran and Mazandarn
(Vaurie 1959; Roselaar 1995). Cettia
cetti albiventris Severtzov, 1873 is the form that breeds in southern Iran
from the western Zagros in Kermanshah and Lorestan east to Fars, Khorasan, the
Kerman highlands, and the mountains of northern Baluchestan (Vaurie 1959;
Desfayes & Praz 1978’ Kaboli et al. 2016).
208. Aegithalos
caudatus passekii (Zarudny, 1904) is the form that occurs from the forested
hills in southern Azerbaijan south to Kermanshah (Qasr-e Shirin) and east in
the oak forests on the western slopes of Zagros to the Shiraz area in central
Fars (Vaurie 1959; Kaboli et al. 2016).
209. Phylloscopus
trochilus acredla (Linnaeus, 1758) is the commonest form that occurs in
Iran. Phylloscopus trochilus
yakutensis Ticehurst, 1935 is likely to be a regular passage migrant
through Iran.
210. Phylloscopus
collybita abietinus (Nilsson, 1819) probably is the commonest form on
migration and in winter in most parts of Iran (Vaurie 1959).
214. Acrocephalus
arundinaceus arundinaceus (Linnaeus, 1758) breeds in northwestern Iran east
to the Sefid-Rud and is probably the form that breeds in western Iran and south
to Kermanshah. Acrocephalus
arundinaceus zarudnyi Hartert, 1907 occurs in Iran on migration (Vaurie
1959; Hüe & Etchécopar 1970).
215. Acrocephalus
stentoreus brunnescens (Jerdon, 1839) is the only form known to occur in
Iran (Vaurie 1959; Hüe & Etchécopar 1970).
216. Acrocephalus
melanopogon mimicus (Madarasz, 1903) is the only form known to occur in
Iran (Vaurie 1959; Hüe & Etchécopar 1970; Porter & Aspinall 2010).
217. Acrocephalus
agricola septimus (Gavrilenko, 1954), which breeds from eastern Europe to
western Kazakhstan and winters in India, probably occurs as a migrant in Iran.
219. Acrocephalus
scirpaceus fuscus (Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1833) is the only form known
to occur in Iran (Vaurie 1959). The
nominate form breeds as close to Iran as central Turkey and could occur as a
vagrant.
220. Iduna
pallida elaeica (Lindermayer, 1843) is the only form likely to occur in
Iran.
222. Locustella
naevia straminea Seebohm, 1881 occurs in the southern Caspian region, Khorasan,
the Zagros, and Kerman and L. n. obscurior Buturlin, 1929 is known from
the Zagros in southwestern Iran in winter (Vaurie 1959; Hüe & Etchécopar
1970).
223. Sylvia
atricapilla atricapilla (Linnaeus, 1758) is known to occur on migration in
Iran, while S. a. dammholzi Stresemann, 1928 is the form that breeds in
northern Iran (Vaurie 1959).
224. Sylvia
borin woodwardi (Sharpe, 1877) is the only form known to occur on migration
in Iran (Vaurie 1959).
226.
The nominate Sylvia curruca curruca (Linnaeus, 1758) is a rather common
summer visitor to forests in northern Azarbaijan and is a passage migrant in
northern and western Iran, east to Golestan, Fars, and Hormozgan (Kaboli et al.
2016).
227.
Dickinson (2003) does not mention Sylvia althaea zagrossiensis, noting
that he follows Cramp & Brooks (1992).
This suggests that zagrossiensis was subsumed in althaea
for some time, but the name may have persisted in other publications by
oversight. Vaurie (1954) believes that zagrossiensis
is a valid race but indicated it with (o) [=poor subspecies] in Vaurie
(1959). The validity of zagrossiensis
or, in fact, the occurrence of S. althaea in the Zagros was questioned,
but the specimens collected by Koelz (1954) confirm that this species breeds in
this region. Clements et al. (2010)
checklist gives S. althaea as a
monotypic species.
228.
Aymí & Gargallo (2006) and IOC
believe that Sylvia crassirostris crassirostris Cretzschmar, 1830
occurs in northwestern Iran. The range
map given by Shirihai et al. (2001) depicted an approximate boundary between S.
c. crassirostris and S. c. balchanica in northwestern Iran. According to Vaurie (1959) and Hüe &
Etchécopar (1970), S. c. balchanica Zarudny & Bilkevitch, 1918 is
the form that breeds throughout much of Iran except in the southeastern region.
230. Sylvia
communis communis Latham, 1787 is probably only a vagrant in Iran. Sylvia communis volgensis Domaniewski,
1915 is probably a common migrant through Iran (Zarudny 1901). Sylvia communis icterops Ménétries,
1832 is the form that breeds in Iran (Vaurie 1959) and most of the Middle East
(Porter & Aspinall 2010).
231. Sylvia
mystacea rubescens Blanford, 1874 is the form that breeds in western Iran
(Porter & Aspinall 2010).
233. Troglodytes
troglodytes zāgrossiensis Zarudny & Loudon, 1908 is known from the
Zagros mountains (Vaurie 1959). Hüe
& Etchécopar (1970) included this form within T. t. hyrcanus Zarudny
& Loudon, 1905.
234. Sitta
europaea persica Witherby, 1903 is a fairly common resident in the oak
forests of Zagros from Kurdistan southeast to central Fars (Vaurie 1959; Kaboli
et al. 2016).
235. Sitta
neumayer rupicola Blanford, 1873 is a common resident in the mountains of
Azarbaijan and Alborz east to northwestern Khorasan and in western Zagros in
Kurdistan. Sitta neumayer
tschitscherini Zarudny, 1904 is a common resident in the Zagros, from
Nosoud and Qasr-e Shirin (Kermanshah) east to Esfahan and Fars (Vaurie 1959;
Roselaar & Aliabadian 2007; Kaboli et al. 2016).
236. Sitta
tephronota dresseri Zarudny & Buturlin, 1906 occurs in northwestern,
western, and southwestern Iran (Vaurie 1959; Roselaar & Aliabadian 2007;
Kaboli et al. 2016).
237. Tichodroma
muraria muraria (Linnaeus, 1766) occurs in northwestern, northern, and
western Iran (Vaurie 1959; Kaboli et al. 2016).
238. Acridotheres
tristis tristis (Linnaeus, 1766) is the only form likely to occur in Iran.
240. Sturnus
vulgaris caucasicus Lorenz, 1887 is the widespread form that breeds in
Iran, occurring from Azarbaijan east through northern Iran to Gorgan and south
through western Iran and the Zagros to Central Fars and Kerman. Sturnus vulgaris poltaratskyi Finsch,
1878 is a common wintering bird in Iran (Hue & Etchécopa 1970; Kaboli et
al. 2016), while S. v. purpurascens Gould, 1868 is probably only a winter
visitor to Iran.
241. Turdus
torquatus amicorum Hartert, 1923 is the only form known to occur in Iran
(Vaurie 1959; Hüe & Etchécopar 1970).
242. Turdus
merula syriacus Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1833 is the form that breeds in
western and southern Iran (Vaurie 1959; Hüe & Etchécopar 1970; Kaboli et
al. 2016), while T. m. intermedius (Richmond, 1896) is a winter visitor
to Iran.
245. Turdus
iliacus iliacus Linnaeus, 1758 is the only form likely to occur in Iran.
246. Turdus
philomelos philomelos Brehm, 1831 is the only form known with certainty to
occur in Iran. Turdus philomelos
nataliae probably occurs as a winter visitor and was mentioned for Iran by
Vaurie (1959) and Hüe & Etchécopar (1970).
247. Turdus
viscivorus viscivorus Linnaeus, 1758 is the form that breeds in northern
Iran east to Golestan (Vaurie 1959).
248. Cercotrichas
galactotes familiaris (Ménétries, 1832) is the only form likely to occur in
Iran.
249. Muscicapa
striata neumanni Poche, 1904 is the form that breeds in northwestern,
northern, and southwestern Iran (Vaurie 1959).
250. Erithacus
rubecula rubecula (Linnaeus, 1758) probably is a scarce winter visitor to
Iran. Erithacus rubecula caucasicus
Buturlin, 1907 is recorded as a winter visitor to northwestern Iran. Erithacus rubecula hyrcanus Blanford,
1874 is the form that breeds in the forests of northwestern Iran and the
southern Caspian region; it is also recorded as a winter visitor in western and
southern Iran east to Fars. Erithacus
rubecula tataricus Grote, 1928 is a winter visitor to northwestern and
southwestern Iran (Vaurie 1959; Hüe & Etchécopar 1970).
251.
Given the wide breeding range of Luscinia svecica svecica (Linnaeus,
1758) at high latitudes in Europe and Asia, it is likely that many birds
migrate through Iran to and from their wintering grounds in southern Asia.
253. Luscinia
megarhynchos africana (Fischer & Reichenow, 1884) is the most
widespread form breeding in Iran, occurring from Azarbaijan and the southern
Caspian region south through western Iran to Khuzestan, Fars, and Kerman
(Vaurie 1959; Hüe & Etchécopar 1970; Kaboli et al. 2016). Luscinia megarhynchos golzii Cabanis,
1873 is also known to occur on migration through Iran (Vaurie 1959; Hüe &
Etchécopar 1970).
257. Phoenicurus
ochruros ochruros (Gmelin, 1774) breeds in northwestern Iran and the Alborz
mountains east to Golestan and winters in southwestern Iran (Vaurie 1959;
Kaboli et al. 2016).
258. Phoenicurus
phoenicurus phoenicurus (Linnaeus, 1758) is a common and widespread passage
migrant in spring and autumn. Phoenicurus
phoenicurus samamisicus (Hablizl, 1783) is a common summer visitor to the
Caspian Forest and oak forests in Zagros (Kaboli et al. 2016).
260. Monticola
solitaries longirostris (Blyth, 1847) is the only form known to occur in
Iran (Vaurie 1959; Hüe & Etchécopar 1970).
262. Saxicola
rubicola rubicola (Linnaeus, 1766) is possibly a winter visitor to western
Iran.
263. Saxicola
maurus variegatus (Gmelin, 1774) is the form that breeds in northwestern
Iran, the southern Caspian region, and western Iran south to Central Fars. Saxicola maurus hemprichii Ehrenberg,
1833 is a passage migrant and winter visitor in western Iran (Kaboli et al.
2016).
265. Oenanthe
oenanthe oenanthe (Linnaeus, 1758) is probably a common and widespread
passage migrant in Iran, while O. o. libanotica (Hemprich &
Ehrenberg, 1833) is the form that breeds in Iran (Roselaar 1995; Dickinson
2003).
267. Oenanthe
hispanica melanoleuca (Guldenstadt, 1775) is the only form likely to occur
in Iran.
268. Oenanthe
deserti atrogularis (Blyth, 1847) is the commonest form in Iran, breeding
widely in the eastern half of the country west to Central Fars and wintering in
southwestern and southern Iran (Vaurie 1949; Vaurie 1959; Hüe & Etchécopar
1970).
269. Oenanthe
lugens persica (Seebohm, 1881) is the only form known to breed in Iran
(Vaurie 1959; Hüe & Etchécopar 1970).
270. Oenanthe
finschii finschii (Heuglin, 1869) is the form that breeds in southwestern
and southern Iran from Kurdistan and Kermanshah east through the Zagros to Fars
and perhaps Kerman.
271. Cinclus
cinclus persicus Witherby, 1906 is the form that occurs in the Zagros
mountains east to Fars Province (Vaurie 1959).
272. Passer
domesticus biblicus Hartert, 1904 is the form that occurs in northwestern
and western Iran south to northern Kurdistan (Vaurie 1959; Roselaar &
Aliabadian 2007).
273. Passer
hispaniolensis transcaspicus Tschusi, 1902 is the only form likely to occur
in Iran.
274. Passer
montanus transcaucasicus Buturlin, 1906 is a rather common resident in
woodlands, orchards, and cultivation lands in northern Azarbaijan, in the south
Caspian lowlands east to Gorgan, and on the southern slopes of Alborz east to
Tehran (Kaboli et al. 2016).
276. Petronia
petronia exigua (Hellmayr, 1902) is the form that breeds in northwestern
and northern Iran east to the region of Gorgan; it also occurs in winter in
southwestern and southern Iran. Petronia
petronia intermedia Hartert, 1901 is the form that breeds in the Zagros
mountains, the Kerman highlands, and Khorasan (Vaurie 1959; Hüe &
Etchécopar 1970).
277. Gymnoris
xanthocollis transfuga Hartert, 1904 is the only form likely to occur in
Iran.
278. Montifringilla
nivalis gaddi Zarudny & Loudon, 1904 is the form that occurs in the
Zagros.
280. Prunella
modularis obscura (Hablizl, 1783) is the form known to occur in Iran
(Vaurie 1959).
281. Motacilla
flava lutea (Gmelin, 1774), M. f. beema (Sykes, 1832), and M. f.
thunbergi Billberg, 1828 are common and widespread passage migrants in
Iran. Motacilla flava feldegg
Michahelles, 1830 is a common summer visitor to wetlands throughout northern
and western Iran south to Khuzestan, Bushehr, central Fars, and Sistan and a
common and widespread passage migrant (Vaurie 1959; Diesselhorst 1962; Porter
& Aspinall 2010; Kaboli et al. 2016).
282. Motacilla
citreola citreola Pallas, 1776 and M. c. werae (Buturlin, 1907) are
known to occur on migration in Iran (Vaurie 1959; Hüe & Etchécopar 1970).
283. Motacilla
cinerea cinerea Tunstall, 1771 is the only form likely to occur in Iran.
284.
Separation of the subspecies has long been a subject of debate and there is
still no consensus.
289. Anthus
spinoletta coutellii Audouin, 1826 is the form that breeds in Iran and the
only form known to occur on passage and in winter.
290. Fringilla
coelebs coelebs Linnaeus, 1758 is a common winter visitor to Iran.
292. Coccothraustes
coccothraustes nigricans Buturlin, 1908 is the form that breeds in Iran and
probably the commoner of the two forms in winter.
294. Carpodacus
erythrinus kubanensis Laubmann, 1915 is the form that breeds in northern
Iran; it was also recorded on migration in the Zagros (Vaurie 1959).
295. Chloris
chloris bilkevitchi (Zarudny, 1911) is the only form now recognized as
occurring in Iran. Vaurie (1959) and Hüe
& Etchécopar (1970) list the birds that occur in Iran under the name C.
c. turkestanica.
297. Linaria
cannabina bella (Brehm, 1845) is the only form known to occur in Iran
(Vaurie 1959; Hüe & Etchécopar 1970).
298. Carduelis
carduelis niediecki Reichenow, 1907 is the form that breeds in the Zagros
from southern Azarbaijan and Kurdistan southeast to Central Fars. Carduelis carduelis brevirostris
Zarudny, 1889 is the form that breeds in northwestern and northern Iran (Vaurie
1959; Hüe & Etchécopar 1970).
302. Emberiza
calandra buturlini Johansen, 1907 is the form that occurs throughout Iran,
except in Azarbaijan and the Caspian lowlands.
303. Emberiza
citrinella erythrogenys Brehm, 1855 is the only form likely to occur in
Iran.
304. Emberiza
leucocephalos leucocephalos Gmelin, 1771 is the only form likely to occur
in Iran (Vaurie 1959; Hüe & Etchécopar 1970).
305. Emberiza
cia prageri Laubmann, 1915 is the form that occurs in southwestern and
northern Iran, i.e., in the Zagros, in the mountains of Azarbaijan, and in the
Alborz east to Golestan (IOC; Dickinson 2003).
306. Emberiza
buchanani cerrutii de Filippi, 1863 is the form that breeds in Iran (Vaurie
1959).
307. Emberiza
cineracea semenowi Zarudny, 1904 is the only form likely to occur in Iran.
310. Emberiza
schoeniclus passerina Pallas, 1771 is a winter visitor, recorded in
northern, western, and southern Iran. Emberiza
schoeniclus pallidior Hartert, 1904 is a winter visitor recorded in
northwestern and southeastern Iran (Vaurie 1959; Hüe & Etchécopar
1970). Emberiza schoeniclus caspia
Ménétries, 1832 is a scarce and localized breeding bird in the wetlands in
southern Caspian lowlands and Uromiyeh basin in Azarbaijan (Kaboli et al.
2016); according to Vaurie (1959), birds breeding in the Zagros south to Fars
are of this form.
Table 1. A checklist of birds of
Kurdistan Province, western Iran
|
|
English name |
Species name |
Authority |
Kurdish name |
Selected literature |
Image |
Status |
Habitat |
IUCN |
CITES |
DOE |
|
|
I. Order Anseriformes |
|
Wagler, 1831 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1. Family Anatidae |
|
Leach, 1820 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
Greylag Goose |
Anser anser |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
xash sî |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
W, P, S |
8; 12; 14 |
LC |
|
|
|
2 |
Greater White-fronted Goose |
A. albifrons |
(Scopoli, 1769) |
sî qeşanî gewrh |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
W |
8; 12; 14 |
LC |
|
Prot. |
|
3 |
Lesser White-fronted Goose |
A. erythropus* |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
sî qeşanî biçûk |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
W |
8; 12; 14 |
VU |
|
Prot. |
|
4 |
Mute Swan |
Cygnus olor |
(Gmelin, 1789) |
quwî bîdeng |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
W |
8; 14 |
LC |
|
Prot. |
|
5 |
Tundra Swan |
C. columbianus* |
(Ord, 1815) |
quwî biçûk |
Shil-Amaysh 2011 |
|
W |
8; 14 |
LC |
|
EN |
|
6 |
Whooper Swan |
C. cygnus |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
quwî gewrh |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
W |
8; 14 |
LC |
|
Prot. |
|
7 |
Common Shelduck |
Tadorna tadorna |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
helh tanc |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
W |
8; 12; 14 |
LC |
|
|
|
8 |
Ruddy Shelduck |
T. ferruginea |
(Pallas, 1764) |
surh qang |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
W, P |
8; 12; 14 |
LC |
|
|
|
9 |
Gadwall |
Mareca strepera |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
qûn reş |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
W |
8; 14 |
LC |
|
|
|
10 |
Eurasian Wigeon |
M. penelope |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
qh şan |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
W |
8; 14 |
LC |
|
|
|
11 |
Mallard |
Anas platyrhynchos |
Linnaeus, 1758 |
sunh |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
R, W, S |
8; 14 |
LC |
I |
|
|
12 |
Northern Pintail |
A. acuta |
Linnaeus, 1758 |
rû kurh |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
W, P |
8; 14 |
LC |
|
|
|
13 |
Eurasian Teal |
A. crecca |
Linnaeus, 1758 |
currh |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
W, P |
8; 14 |
LC |
|
|
|
14 |
Northern Shoveler |
A. clypeata |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
lût pan |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
6 |
W, P |
8; 14 |
LC |
|
|
|
15 |
Garganey |
A. querquedula |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
xlixl |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
7 |
P |
8; 14 |
LC |
|
|
|
16 |
Marbled Duck |
Marmaronetta angustirostris |
(Menetries, 1832) |
mirawî spîlkh |
Scott 1995 |
|
P, W |
8; 14 |
VU |
|
Prot. |
|
17 |
Red-crested Pochard |
Netta rufina |
(Pallas, 1773) |
ser sûrî beḧdî |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
8 |
W, S |
8; 14 |
LC |
|
Prot. |
|
18 |
Common Pochard |
Aythya ferina |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
ser sûr |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
W, P |
8; 14 |
VU |
|
|
|
19 |
Ferruginous Duck |
A. nyroca |
(Güldenstädt, 1770) |
mirawî xeneyî |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
9 |
R |
8; 14 |
NT |
|
EN |
|
20 |
Tufted Duck |
A. fuligula |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
mirawî cẍedar |
Scott 2007 |
|
W |
8; 14 |
LC |
|
|
|
21 |
Smew |
Mergellus albellus |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
kanûnî serspî |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
W |
8; 14 |
LC |
|
Prot. |
|
22 |
Common Merganser |
Mergus merganser* |
Linnaeus, 1758 |
kanûnî gewrh |
Scott 1995 |
|
W |
8; 14 |
LC |
|
Prot. |
|
23 |
White-headed Duck |
Oxyura leucocephala |
(Scopoli, 1769) |
mirawî serspî |
Scott 1995 & 2007 |
|
S |
8; 14 |
EN |
II |
EN |
|
|
II. Order Galliformes |
|
Temminck, 1820 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2. Family Phasianidae |
|
Horsfield, 1821 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
24 |
Chukar Partridge |
Alectoris chukar |
(Gray, 1830) |
kew |
Shil-Amaysh 2011 |
|
R |
2; 9; 12; 13 |
LC |
|
|
|
25 |
See-see Partridge |
Ammoperdix griseogularis |
Brandt, 1843 |
susîkh |
Zarei et al. 2018 |
|
R |
2; 6; 12; 13 |
LC |
|
|
|
26 |
Grey Partridge |
Perdix perdix* |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
zirh kew |
IBRC |
|
R |
7; 12 |
LC |
|
|
|
27 |
Common Quail |
Coturnix coturnix |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
hh wîrdh |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
S |
2; 7; 12 |
LC |
|
|
|
|
III. Order Podicipediformes |
|
Fürbringer, 1888 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3. Family Podicipedidae |
|
Bonaparte, 1831 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
28 |
Little Grebe |
Tachybaptus ruficollis |
(Pallas, 1764) |
pê bih qûnh |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
10 |
R, W |
8; 14 |
LC |
|
|
|
29 |
Great Crested Grebe |
Podiceps cristatus |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
pê bih qûneyi serbih kllaw |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
11 |
S |
8; 14 |
LC |
|
|
|
30 |
Black-necked Grebe |
P. nigricollis |
Brehm, 1831 |
pê bih qûneyi mil reş |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
W, P |
8; 14 |
LC |
|
|
|
|
IV. Order Phoenicopteriformes |
|
Fürbringer, 1888 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4. Family Phoenicopteridae |
|
Bonaparte 1831 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
31 |
Greater Flamingo |
Phoenicopterus roseus |
Pallas, 1811 |
surh qurîng |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
W, P |
8; 14 |
LC |
|
Prot. |
|
|
V. Order Ciconiiformes |
|
Bonaparte, 1854 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5. Family Ciconiidae |
|
Gray, 1840 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
32 |
Black Stork |
Ciconia nigra |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
ḧllîr |
|
|
P, W |
8; 12; 15 |
LC |
II |
Prot. |
|
33 |
White Stork |
Ciconia ciconia |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
ḧacî leg leg |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
12 |
S, s, P |
8; 11; 12 |
LC |
|
Prot. |
|
|
VI. Order Pelecaniformes |
|
Sharpe, 1891 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6. Family Threskiornithidae |
|
Richmond, 1917 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
34 |
Glossy Ibis |
Plegadis falcinellus |
Linnaeus, 1766 |
qh rh naz |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
13 |
P, S |
1; 8; 12; 14 |
LC |
|
|
|
35 |
Eurasian Spoonbill |
Platalea leucorodia |
Linnaeus, 1758 |
dinduk bîlh |
Shabanian & Barati 2009 |
|
|
8; 14 |
LC |
II |
|
|
|
7. Family Ardeidae |
|
Leach, 1820 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
36 |
Eurasian Bittern |
Botaurus stellaris |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
waq |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
W |
8; 14 |
LC |
|
|
|
37 |
Little Bittern |
Ixobrychus minutus |
(Linnaeus, 1766) |
şawh waqî biçûk |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
S |
8; 14 |
LC |
|
Prot. |
|
38 |
Black-crowned Night Heron |
Nycticorax nycticorax |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
waqî şewî |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
14 |
P, S, s |
8; 14 |
LC |
|
Prot. |
|
39 |
Squacco Heron |
Ardeola ralloides |
(Scopoli, 1769) |
şawh zerdekh |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
15 |
P |
8; 14 |
LC |
|
Prot. |
|
40 |
Western Cattle Egret |
Bubulcus ibis |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
şawh rîxinh |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
16 |
P |
1; 8; 12 |
LC |
|
|
|
41 |
Grey Heron |
Ardea cinerea |
Linnaeus, 1758 |
şawh sultanî |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
17 |
W, P |
8; 14 |
LC |
|
Prot. |
|
42 |
Purple Heron |
A. purpurea |
(Linnaeus, 1766) |
şawh mil drîj |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
18 |
S, P |
8; 14 |
LC |
|
Prot. |
|
43 |
Great Egret |
A. alba |
Linnaeus, 1758 |
şawh spîlkh |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
19 |
W |
8; 14 |
LC |
|
Prot. |
|
44 |
Little Egret |
Egretta garzetta |
(Linnaeus, 1766) |
şawh spîlkeyi biçûk |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
20 |
P, W, S |
8; 14 |
LC |
|
Prot. |
|
|
8. Family Pelecanidae |
|
Rafinesque, 1815 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
45 |
Great White Pelican |
Pelecanus onocrotalus |
Linnaeus, 1758 |
kelkî spî |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
W |
8; 14 |
LC |
|
Prot. |
|
46 |
Dalmatian Pelican |
P. crispus |
Bruch, 1832 |
kelkî bur |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
W |
8; 14 |
NT |
I |
EN |
|
|
VII. Oeder Suliformes |
|
Sharpe, 1891 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
9. Family Phalacrocoracidae |
|
Reichenbach, 1850 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
47 |
Pygmy Cormorant |
Microcarbo pygmeus |
(Pallas, 1773) |
qel mirawî biçûk |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
21 |
W |
8; 14 |
LC |
|
EN |
|
48 |
Great Cormorant |
Phalacrocorax carbo |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
qel mirawî gewrh |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
W |
8; 14 |
LC |
|
Prot. |
|
|
VIII. Order Accipitriformes |
|
Vieillot, 1816 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10. Family Pandionidae |
|
Sclater & Salvin, 1873 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
49 |
Western Osprey |
Pandion haliaetus |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
helwî masîgr |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
P |
14 |
LC |
II |
EN |
|
|
11. Family Accipitridae |
|
Vieillot, 1816 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
50 |
Bearded Vulture |
Gypaetus barbatus |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
pîruzih |
Zarei et al. 2018 |
|
R |
9; 12; 13 |
NT |
II |
EN |
|
51 |
Egyptian Vulture |
Neophron percnopterus |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
sîsarkî mîsirî |
IBRC |
|
P, S |
2; 5; 9; 12 |
EN |
II |
Prot. |
|
52 |
Griffon Vulture |
Gyps fulvus |
(Hablizl, 1783) |
şanh kûrh |
Zarei et al. 2018 |
|
R |
2; 12; 13 |
LC |
II |
Prot. |
|
53 |
Cinereous Vulture |
Aegypius monachus |
(Linnaeus, 1766) |
reşh dal |
Zarei et al. 2018 |
|
R |
2; 12; 13 |
NT |
II |
Prot. |
|
54 |
Short-toed Snake Eagle |
Circaetus gallicus |
(Gmelin, 1788) |
helwî pencih kurt |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
22 |
S |
2; 6; 7; 9 |
LC |
II |
Prot. |
|
55 |
Lesser Spotted Eagle |
Clanga pomarina |
Brehm, 1831 |
helwî xalixalî |
Shil-Amaysh 2011 |
|
P |
1; 3; 6; 8 |
LC |
II |
Prot. |
|
56 |
Greater Spotted Eagle |
C. clanga |
(Pallas, 1811) |
helwî zelan |
DOE MWWC Data |
|
P |
6; 8; 14; 15 |
VU |
II |
Prot. |
|
57 |
Booted Eagle |
Hieraaetus pennatus |
(Gmelin, 1788) |
helwî laq tûkin |
Evans 1994 |
|
S |
1; 6; 15 |
LC |
II |
Prot. |
|
58 |
Steppe Eagle |
Aquila nipalensis |
(Hodgson, 1833) |
helwî biyabanî |
Zarei et al. 2018 |
|
P |
2; 5; 10; 12 |
EN |
II |
Prot. |
|
59 |
Eastern Imperial Eagle |
A. heliaca |
Savigny, 1809 |
helu |
IBRC |
|
W, P |
1; 2; 8; 15 |
VU |
I |
EN |
|
60 |
Golden Eagle |
A. chrysaetos |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
per kûr |
Shil-Amaysh 2011 |
|
R |
9; 12; 13 |
LC |
II |
EN |
|
61 |
Levant Sparrowhawk |
Accipiter brevipes* |
(Severtzov, 1850) |
waşeyi gewrh |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
S |
5; 15 |
LC |
II |
Prot. |
|
62 |
Eurasian Sparrowhawk |
A. nisus |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
waşh |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
W |
5; 15 |
LC |
II |
Prot. |
|
63 |
Northern Goshawk |
A. gentilis* |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
baz |
Zarei et al. 2018 |
|
W |
3; 6 |
LC |
II |
Prot. |
|
64 |
Western Marsh Harrier |
Circus aeruginosus |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
şmqarî zelan |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
R, S |
8 |
LC |
II |
Prot. |
|
65 |
Northern Harrier |
C. cyaneus |
(Linnaeus, 1766) |
şmqarî bûr |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
P, W |
8; 12 |
LC |
II |
Prot. |
|
66 |
Pallid Harrier |
C. macrourus |
Gmelin, 1770 |
şmqarî spî |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
P |
2; 12 |
NT |
II |
Prot. |
|
67 |
Montagu's Harrier |
C. pygargus* |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
şmqarî genman |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
P |
5; 8 |
LC |
II |
Prot. |
|
68 |
Black Kite |
Milvus migrans |
(Boddaert, 1783) |
kûlareyi reş |
Zarei et al. 2018 |
|
S, P |
1; 8; 12 |
LC |
II |
Prot. |
|
69 |
White-tailed Eagle |
Haliaeetus albicilla |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
helwî deryayî klk spî |
Shil-Amaysh 2011 |
|
W |
8; 14 |
LC |
I |
EN |
|
70 |
Long-legged Buzzard |
Buteo rufinus |
(Cretzschmar, 1829) |
başuwî laq drîj |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
R, W |
2; 5; 9 |
LC |
II |
Prot. |
|
71 |
Common Buzzard |
B. buteo |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
başû |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
W, P |
6; 15 |
LC |
II |
Prot. |
|
|
IX. Order Otidiformes |
|
Wagler, 1830 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
12. Family Otididae |
|
Rafinesque, 1815 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
72 |
Great Bustard |
Otis tarda* |
Linnaeus, 1758 |
çirg |
IBRC |
|
S |
2; 5; 12 |
VU |
II |
EN |
|
|
X. Order Gruiformes |
|
Bonaparte, 1854 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
13. Family Rallidae |
|
Rafinesque, 1815 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
73 |
Water Rail |
Rallus aquaticus |
Linnaeus, 1758 |
mirîşkawîlh |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
23 |
R, W, P |
8 |
LC |
|
|
|
74 |
Corn Crake |
Crex crex |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
mirîşkawîleyi xeneyî |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
P |
1; 12 |
LC |
|
Prot. |
|
75 |
Little Crake |
Porzana parva |
(Scopoli, 1769) |
mirîşkawîleyi biçûk |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
P |
8 |
LC |
|
|
|
76 |
Spotted Crake |
P. porzana |
(Linnaeus, 1766) |
mirîşkawîleyi sûrbelek |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
S, P |
8 |
LC |
|
|
|
77 |
Grey-headed Swamphen |
Porphyrio poliocephalus |
(Latham, 1801) |
tawsh |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
R, P |
8; 14 |
NR |
|
|
|
78 |
Common Moorhen |
Gallinula chloropus |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
reş beşh dindûk sûr |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
24 |
W, S, P |
8; 14 |
LC |
|
|
|
79 |
Eurasian Coot |
Fulica atra |
Linnaeus, 1758 |
reş beşh |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
25 |
R, W, S, P |
8; 14 |
LC |
|
|
|
|
14. Family Gruidae |
|
Vigors, 1825 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
80 |
Common Crane |
Grus grus |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
şînh qurîng |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
W |
1; 8; 12 |
LC |
II |
Prot. |
|
|
XI. Order Charadriiformes |
|
Huxley, 1867 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
15. Family Burhinidae |
|
Mathews, 1912 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
81 |
Eurasian Stone-curlew |
Burhinus oedicnemus |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
şalûr |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
26 |
S |
5; 12 |
LC |
|
|
|
|
16. Family Recurvirostridae |
|
Bonaparte, 1854 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
82 |
Eurasian Oystercatcher |
Haematopus ostralegus |
Linnaeus, 1758 |
dindûk sûr |
IBRC |
|
S |
14 |
NT |
|
|
|
83 |
Black-winged Stilt |
Himantopus himantopus |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
çekmh sûr |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
S, P |
8; 14 |
LC |
|
|
|
84 |
Pied Avocet |
Recurvirostra avosetta |
Linnaeus, 1758 |
nikînh |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
S, P |
8; 14 |
LC |
|
|
|
|
17. Family Charadriidae |
|
Leach, 1820 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
85 |
Northern Lapwing |
Vanellus vanellus |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
zîqawh |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
27 |
S, W, P |
1; 8; 12 |
NT |
|
|
|
86 |
Spur-winged Lapwing |
V. spinosus |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
zîqaweyi sîng reş |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
28 |
S |
8; 14 |
LC |
|
|
|
87 |
Red-wattled Lapwing |
V. indicus |
(Boddaert, 1783) |
deydumk |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
R |
8; 14 |
LC |
|
|
|
88 |
White-tailed Lapwing |
V. leucurus |
(Lichtenstein, 1823) |
zîqaweyi klk spî |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
29 |
P |
8; 12; 14 |
LC |
|
|
|
89 |
Common Ringed Plover |
Charadrius hiaticula |
Linnaeus, 1758 |
rew reweyi mil bexalî gewrh |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
P |
8; 12; 14 |
LC |
|
|
|
90 |
Little Ringed Plover |
C. dubius |
Scopoli, 1786 |
rew reweyi mil bexalî biçûk |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
30 |
S |
8; 12; 14 |
LC |
|
|
|
91 |
Kentish Plover |
C. alexandrinus |
Linnaeus, 1758 |
şîllaqeyi biçûk |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
S, P |
8 |
LC |
|
|
|
92 |
Greater Sand Plover |
C. leschenaultii |
(Lesson, 1826) |
rew reweyi mil xîzî gewrh |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
P |
8 |
LC |
|
|
|
|
18. Family Scolopacidae |
|
Rafinesque, 1815 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
93 |
Eurasian Woodcock |
Scolopax rusticola |
Linnaeus, 1758 |
mirh larh |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
W |
1; 3; 8; 12 |
LC |
|
|
|
94 |
Jack Snipe |
Lymnocryptes minimus |
(Brunnich, 1764) |
qur awîlkeyi biçûk |
IBRC |
|
W |
8 |
LC |
|
|
|
95 |
Great Snipe |
Gallinago media* |
(Latham, 1787) |
qur awîlkeyi gewrh |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
P |
8; 12 |
NT |
|
|
|
96 |
Common Snipe |
G. gallinago |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
qur awîlkey |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
31 |
W, P |
8; 12 |
LC |
|
|
|
97 |
Black-tailed Godwit |
Limosa limosa |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
ihḧmed rawkerî bal spî |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
32 |
P, W |
8; 14 |
NT |
|
|
|
98 |
Bar-tailed Godwit |
L. lapponica |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
ihḧmed rawkerî xeney |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
P |
8 |
NT |
|
|
|
99 |
Eurasian Curlew |
Numenius arquata |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
ihḧmed rawker |
IBRC |
|
P, W |
8; 14 |
NT |
|
|
|
100 |
Spotted Redshank |
Tringa erythropus |
(Pallas, 1764) |
şîllaqeyi reş baw |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
P, W |
8; 14 |
LC |
|
|
|
101 |
Common Redshank |
T. totanus |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
şîllaqeyi laq sûr |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
33 |
W, S, P |
8; 12 |
LC |
|
|
|
102 |
Marsh Sandpiper |
T. stagnatilis |
(Bechstein, 1803) |
şîllaqeyi şamî |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
P |
8; 14 |
LC |
|
|
|
103 |
Common Greenshank |
T. nebularia |
(Gunnerus, 1767) |
şîllaqeyi laq kesk |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
34 |
P, W |
8; 14 |
LC |
|
|
|
104 |
Green Sandpiper |
T. ochropus |
Linnaeus, 1758 |
şîllaqeyi çliyawan |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
P, W |
8; 14 |
LC |
|
|
|
105 |
Wood Sandpiper |
T. glareola |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
şîllaqeyi xalixal |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
35 |
P |
8; 14 |
LC |
|
|
|
106 |
Terek Sandpiper |
Xenus cinereus |
(Güldenstädt, 1775) |
şîllaqeyi dindûk qt |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
P |
8; 14 |
LC |
|
|
|
107 |
Common Sandpiper |
Actitis hypoleucos |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
şîllaqh 'eslh |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
36 |
S, P |
8; 14 |
LC |
|
|
|
108 |
Ruddy Turnstone |
Arenaria interpres |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
berd gîrh |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
37 |
P |
8; 14 |
LC |
|
|
|
109 |
Sanderling |
Calidris alba |
(Pallas, 1764) |
şîllaqeyi spî |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
P |
8; 12 |
LC |
|
|
|
110 |
Little Stint |
C. minuta |
(Leisler, 1812) |
şîllaqeyi biçûk |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
38 |
P |
8; 14 |
LC |
|
|
|
111 |
Temminck's Stint |
C. temminckii |
(Leisler, 1812) |
şîllaqeyi klk spî |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
P, W |
8; 12 |
LC |
|
|
|
112 |
Curlew Sandpiper |
C. ferruginea |
(Pontoppidan, 1763) |
şîllaqeyi şî reng |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
P |
8; 14 |
NT |
|
|
|
113 |
Dunlin |
C. alpina |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
şîllaqeyi bersk reş |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
P, W |
8; 14 |
LC |
|
|
|
114 |
Broad-billed Sandpiper |
C. falcinellus |
(Pontoppidan, 1763) |
şîllaqeyi dindûk pan |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
P |
8; 12; 14 |
LC |
|
|
|
115 |
Ruff |
C. pugnax |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
şîllaqeyi şngh |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
P |
1; 8; 12; 14 |
LC |
|
|
|
116 |
Red-necked Phalarope |
Phalaropus lobatus |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
clût |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
39 |
P |
12; 14 |
LC |
|
|
|
117 |
Red Phalarope |
P. fulicarius* |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
clûtî şî |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
P |
12; 14 |
LC |
|
|
|
|
19. Family Glareolidae |
|
Brehm, 1831 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
118 |
Collared Pratincole |
Glareola pratincola |
(Linnaeus, 1766) |
lfawh gur gey |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
40 |
S, P |
2; 8; 12 |
LC |
|
|
|
|
20. Family Laridae |
|
Rafinesque, 1815 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
119 |
Slender-billed Gull |
Chroicocephalus genei |
(Breme, 1839) |
masîgreyi dindûk barîk |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
W, P |
8; 14 |
LC |
|
|
|
120 |
Black-headed Gull |
C. ridibundus |
(Linnaeus, 1766) |
masîgreyi ser reşî biçûk |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
41 |
W, P |
8; 14 |
LC |
|
|
|
121 |
Little Gull |
Hydrocoloeus minutus |
(Pallas, 1776) |
masîgreyi biçûk |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
W |
8; 14 |
LC |
|
|
|
122 |
Pallas's Gull |
Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus |
(Pallas, 1773) |
masîgreyi ser reşî gewrh |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
W |
14 |
LC |
|
|
|
123 |
Common Gull |
Larus canus |
Linnaeus, 1758 |
masîgrh |
Shabanian & Barati 2009 |
|
W |
8; 14 |
LC |
|
|
|
124 |
Caspian Gull |
L. cachinnans |
Pallas, 1811 |
masîgreyi xezerî |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
W |
8; 14 |
LC |
|
|
|
125 |
Armenian Gull |
L. armenicus |
Buturlin, 1934 |
masîgreyi ziyun |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
S |
8; 14 |
NT |
|
|
|
126 |
Lesser Black-backed Gull |
L. fuscus |
Linnaeus, 1758 |
masîgreyi pşit reşî biçûk |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
P |
14 |
LC |
|
|
|
127 |
Gull-billed Tern |
Gelochelidon nilotica |
(Gmelin, 1789) |
masî xurkeyi dindûk estur |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
P, S |
8; 14 |
LC |
|
|
|
128 |
Caspian Tern |
Hydroprogne caspia |
(Pallas, 1770) |
masî xurkeyi xezerî |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
S, P |
8; 14 |
LC |
|
|
|
129 |
Little Tern |
Sternula albifrons |
(Pallas, 1764) |
masî xurkeyi qeşanî |
IBRC |
|
P, S |
14 |
LC |
|
|
|
130 |
Common Tern |
Sterna hirundo |
Linnaeus, 1758 |
masî xurkh |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
P, S |
8; 14 |
LC |
|
|
|
131 |
Whiskered Tern |
Chlidonias hybrida |
(Pallas, 1811) |
masî xurkeyi gunaspî |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
P |
8; 14 |
LC |
|
|
|
132 |
White-winged Tern |
C. leucopterus |
(Temminck, 1815) |
masî xurkeyi bal spî |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
P |
8; 14 |
LC |
|
|
|
133 |
Black Tern |
C. niger* |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
masî xurkeyi reş |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
P |
8; 14 |
LC |
|
|
|
|
XII. Order Pteroclidiformes |
|
Huxley, 1868 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
21. Family Pteroclididae |
|
Bonaparte, 1831 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
134 |
Black-bellied Sandgrouse |
Pterocles orientalis |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
kur kureyi bering reş |
Shil-Amaysh 2011 |
|
R |
2; 10; 12 |
LC |
|
|
|
|
XIII. Order Columbiformes |
|
Latham, 1790 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
22. Family Columbidae |
|
Leach, 1820 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
135 |
Rock Dove |
Columba livia |
Gmelin, 1789 |
kutirh şînh |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
R |
9; 11; 12; 13 |
LC |
|
|
|
136 |
Stock Dove |
C. oenas |
Linnaeus, 1758 |
kutirh nexşînh |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
S, W |
1; 6; 12 |
LC |
|
|
|
137 |
Common Wood Pigeon |
C. palumbus |
Linnaeus, 1758 |
kutirh gayh |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
42 |
S |
3; 10; 15 |
LC |
|
|
|
138 |
European Turtle Dove |
Streptopelia turtur |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
kutirh barîkh |
This study |
43 |
S, P |
1; 7; 12; 15 |
VU |
|
|
|
139 |
Eurasian Collared Dove |
S. decaocto |
(Frivaldszky, 1838) |
yakerîm |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
S |
1; 5; 7; 15 |
LC |
|
|
|
140 |
Laughing Dove |
Spilopelia senegalensis |
(Linnaeus, 1766) |
qumirî |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
R |
1; 6; 11; 15 |
LC |
|
|
|
|
XIV. Order Cuculiformes |
|
Wagler, 1830 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
23. Family Cuculidae |
|
Leach, 1820 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
141 |
Great Spotted Cuckoo |
Clamator glandarius* |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
kutirh pepwî xalixal |
Scott 2008 |
|
S |
1; 6; 12; 15 |
LC |
|
Prot. |
|
142 |
Common Cuckoo |
Cuculus canorus |
Linnaeus, 1758 |
kutirh pepu |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
S, P |
1; 5; 6; 15 |
LC |
|
|
|
|
XV. Order Strigiformes |
|
Wagler, 1830 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
24. Family Strigidae |
|
Leach, 1820 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
143 |
Eurasian Scops Owl |
Otus scops |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
taq taq |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
S |
6; 15 |
LC |
II |
Prot. |
|
144 |
Eurasian Eagle-Owl |
Bubo bubo |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
kundh gayh |
This study |
44 |
R |
3; 9; 13; 15 |
LC |
II |
Prot. |
|
145 |
Tawny Owl |
Strix aluco |
Linnaeus, 1758 |
kundh lîrewaran |
This study |
45 |
R |
1; 3; 6; 15 |
LC |
II |
Prot. |
|
146 |
Little Owl |
Athene noctua |
(Scopoli, 1769) |
kundh şexish |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
46 |
R |
2; 7; 9; 10 |
LC |
II |
Prot. |
|
147 |
Long-eared Owl |
Asio otus |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
kundh pşîlh |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
47 |
S |
2; 3; 6; 15 |
LC |
II |
Prot. |
|
148 |
Short-eared Owl |
A. flammeus |
(Pontoppidan, 1763) |
kundh quth |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
W |
8; 12 |
LC |
II |
Prot. |
|
|
XVI. Order Caprimulgiformes |
|
Ridgway, 1881 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
25. Family Caprimulgidae |
|
Vigors, 1825 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
149 |
European Nightjar |
Caprimulgus europaeus |
Linnaeus, 1758 |
şwan xelh tînh |
Zarei et al. 2018 |
|
S |
2; 12; 15 |
LC |
|
|
|
|
XVII. Order Apodiformes |
|
Peters, 1940 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
26. Family Apodidae |
|
Hartert, 1897 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
150 |
Alpine Swift |
Tachymarptis melba |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
çh wrûkeyi alpî |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
S, P |
9; 12; 13 |
LC |
|
|
|
151 |
Common Swift |
Apus apus |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
çh wrûkh |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
S |
2; 9; 12 |
LC |
|
|
|
152 |
Little Swift |
A. affinis |
(Gray, 1830) |
çh wrûkeyi biçûk |
IBRC |
|
S |
9; 13 |
LC |
|
|
|
|
XVIII. Order Coraciiformes |
|
Forbes, 1884 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
27. Family Coraciidae |
|
Rafinesque, 1815 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
153 |
European Roller |
Coracias garrulus |
Linnaeus, 1758 |
kaselh şînikh |
This study |
48 |
S |
1; 12; 14; 15 |
LC |
|
|
|
|
28. Family Alcedinidae |
|
Rafinesque, 1817 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
154 |
White-throated Kingfisher |
Halcyon smyrnensis |
Linnaeus, 1758 |
qulh şîneyi sîng spî |
IBRC |
|
R |
8; 14 |
LC |
|
|
|
155 |
Common Kingfisher |
Alcedo atthis |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
qulh şînh |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
49 |
S, P, W |
8; 14 |
LC |
|
|
|
156 |
Pied Kingfisher |
Ceryle rudis |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
qulh şîneyi belek |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
P |
8; 14 |
LC |
|
|
|
|
29. Family Meropidae |
|
Rafinesque, 1815 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
157 |
Persian (Blue-cheeked) Bee-eater |
Merops persicus |
Pallas, 1773 |
hengh çîneyi berçîlh sûr |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
50 |
S, P |
1; 7; 12; 15 |
LC |
|
|
|
158 |
European Bee-eater |
M. apiaster |
Linnaeus, 1758 |
hengh çînh |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
51 |
S, P |
1; 5; 12; 15 |
LC |
|
|
|
|
XIX. Order Bucerotiformes |
|
Fürbringer, 1888 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
30. Family Upupidae |
|
Leach, 1820 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
159 |
Eurasian Hoopoe |
Upupa epops |
Linnaeus, 1758 |
pepu slîman |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
52 |
S, P |
5; 7; 15 |
LC |
|
|
|
|
XX. Order Piciformes |
|
Meyer & Wolf, 1810 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
31. Family Picidae |
|
Leach, 1820 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
160 |
Eurasian Wryneck |
Jynx torquilla |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
darh smeyi xeneyî |
This study |
53 |
P |
3; 6; 15 |
LC |
|
|
|
161 |
Lesser Spotted Woodpecker |
Dendrocopos minor* |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
darh smeyi xalixalî biçûk |
IBRC |
|
R |
3; 6; 15 |
LC |
|
|
|
162 |
Middle Spotted Woodpecker |
D. medius |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
darh smeyi xalixalî niyuncî |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
R |
3; 6; 15 |
LC |
|
|
|
163 |
Syrian Woodpecker |
D. syriacus |
(Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1833) |
darh smeyi suriyeay |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
54 |
R |
1; 7; 15 |
LC |
|
|
|
164 |
European Green Woodpecker |
Picus viridis |
Linnaeus, 1758 |
darh smeyi şîn |
Zarei et al. 2018 |
|
R |
1; 6; 7; 15 |
LC |
|
|
|
|
XXI. Order Falconiformes |
|
Sharpe, 1874 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
32. Family Falconidae |
|
Leach, 1820 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
165 |
Lesser Kestrel |
Falco naumanni |
Fleischer, 1818 |
hel kh smayi biçûk |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
S |
5; 11; 12 |
LC |
II |
Prot. |
|
166 |
Common Kestrel |
F. tinnunculus |
Linnaeus, 1758 |
hel kh smayi gewrh |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
R |
5; 11; 12 |
LC |
II |
Prot. |
|
167 |
Merlin |
F. columbarius |
Linnaeus, 1758 |
tirumth |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
55 |
W |
8; 12 |
LC |
II |
Prot. |
|
168 |
Eurasian Hobby |
F. subbuteo |
Linnaeus, 1758 |
leîl |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
56 |
P, S |
1; 7 |
LC |
II |
Prot. |
|
169 |
Saker Falcon |
F. cherrug |
Gray, 1834 |
balh ban |
Zarei et al. 2018 |
|
S |
2; 5; 9; 12 |
EN |
II |
EN |
|
170 |
Peregrine Falcon |
F. peregrinus |
Tunstall, 1771 |
sî kuj |
DOE MWWC Data |
|
P |
2; 8; 9; 12 |
LC |
I |
EN |
|
171 |
Barbary Falcon |
F. pelegrinoides |
Temminck, 1829 |
şehîn |
Shil-Amaysh 2011 |
|
P |
2; 9; 10 |
LC |
I |
EN |
|
|
XXII. Order Psittaciformes |
|
Wagler, 1830 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
33. Family Psittacoidea |
|
Illiger, 1811 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
172 |
Rose-ringed Parakeet |
Psittacula krameri |
(Scopoli, 1769) |
tutî |
IBRC |
|
R |
6; 11; 15 |
LC |
NC |
|
|
|
XXIII. Order Passeriformes |
|
Linnaeus, 1758 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
34. Family Laniidae |
|
Rafinesque, 1815 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
173 |
Red-backed Shrike |
Lanius collurio |
Linnaeus, 1758 |
per bih lekî pşit sûr |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
57 |
P |
1; 5; 6; 7 |
LC |
|
|
|
174 |
Isabelline Shrike |
L. isabellinus |
Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1833 |
per bih lekî klk sûr |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
P |
1; 5; 7; 15 |
LC |
|
|
|
175 |
Lesser Grey Shrike |
L. minor |
Gmelin, 1788 |
per bih lekî burî biçûk |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
S, P |
1; 5; 7 |
LC |
|
|
|
176 |
Southern Grey Shrike |
L. meridionalis |
(Temminck, 1820) |
per bih lekî burî başûrî |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
|
2; 5; 10; 15 |
VU |
|
|
|
177 |
Steppe Grey Shrike |
L. pallidirostris |
Cassin, 1851 |
per bih lekî burî deşitî |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
|
1; 5; 7; 15 |
NR |
|
|
|
178 |
Woodchat Shrike |
L. senator |
Linnaeus, 1758 |
per bih lekî serşî |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
58 |
S |
1; 5; 7; 15 |
LC |
|
|
|
179 |
Masked Shrike |
L. nubicus |
Lichtenstein, 1823 |
per bih lekî qeşan |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
S |
1; 5; 7; 15 |
LC |
|
|
|
|
35. Family Oriolidae |
|
Vigors, 1825 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
180 |
Eurasian Golden Oriole |
Oriolus oriolus |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
hencîr xurh |
Ahsani et al. 2015 |
|
S |
5; 6; 15 |
LC |
|
|
|
|
36. Family Corvidae |
|
Leach, 1820 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
181 |
Eurasian Jay |
Garrulus glandarius |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
qjakh |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
59 |
R |
3; 5; 15 |
LC |
|
|
|
182 |
Eurasian Magpie |
Pica pica |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
qşqerh |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
R |
1; 11; 12; 15 |
LC |
|
|
|
183 |
Red-billed Chough |
Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
qajû merh |
Zarei et al. 2018 |
|
R |
9; 13 |
LC |
|
|
|
184 |
Alpine Chough |
P. graculus |
(Linnaeus, 1766) |
qajuwî dindûk zerd |
Zarei et al. 2018 |
|
R |
9; 13 |
LC |
|
|
|
185 |
Western Jackdaw |
Coloeus monedula |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
qelh reş |
Ahsani et al. 2015 |
|
R, W |
1; 9; 12; 15 |
LC |
|
|
|
186 |
Rook |
Corvus frugilegus |
Linnaeus, 1758 |
qajû |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
60 |
W, R |
1; 11; 12; 15 |
LC |
|
Pest |
|
187 |
Hooded Crow |
C. cornix |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
qelh belek |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
R |
1; 11; 12; 13 |
LC |
|
Pest |
|
188 |
Northern Raven |
C. corax |
Linnaeus, 1758 |
qelh gurgh |
Shil-Amaysh 2011 |
|
R |
13 |
LC |
|
|
|
|
37. Family Paridae |
|
Vigors, 1825 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
189 |
Sombre Tit |
Poecile lugubris |
Temminck, 1820 |
gurwîçneyi bur |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
61 |
R |
15 |
LC |
|
|
|
190 |
Great Tit |
Parus major |
Linnaeus, 1758 |
gurwîçneyi gewrh |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
62 |
R |
1; 15 |
LC |
|
|
|
191 |
Eurasian Blue Tit |
Cyanistes caeruleus |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
gurwîçneyi ser şîn |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
63 |
R |
6; 15 |
LC |
|
|
|
|
38. Family Remizidae |
|
Olphe-Galliard, 189 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
192 |
Eurasian Penduline Tit |
Remiz pendulinus |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
gurwîçneyi pşit şî |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
64 |
S |
7; 8 |
LC |
|
|
|
|
39. Family Panuridae |
|
Des Murs, 1860 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
193 |
Bearded Reedling |
Panurus biarmicus* |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
gurwîçneyi smîldar |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
65 |
W |
8 |
LC |
|
|
|
|
40. Family Alaudidae |
|
Vigors, 1825 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
194 |
Woodlark |
Lullula arborea |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
çûreyi daran |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
S |
1; 12; 13 |
LC |
|
|
|
195 |
Eurasian Skylark |
Alauda arvensis |
Linnaeus, 1758 |
çûreyi آsmanî gewrh |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
|
12 |
LC |
|
|
|
196 |
Crested Lark |
Galerida cristata |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
çûreyi pupinh kî |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
66 |
R |
1; 2; 12 |
LC |
|
|
|
197 |
Horned Lark |
Eremophila alpestris |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
sirîlh |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
W |
1; 2; 12 |
LC |
|
|
|
198 |
Greater Short-toed Lark |
Calandrella brachydactyla |
(Leisler, 1814) |
çûreyi pencih kurt |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
S |
2; 12 |
LC |
|
|
|
199 |
Bimaculated Lark |
Melanocorypha bimaculata |
(Menetries, 1832) |
çûreyi gerdin bih xal |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
S |
1; 2; 12 |
LC |
|
|
|
200 |
Calandra Lark |
M. calandra |
(Linnaeus, 1766) |
çûreyi gelwazih |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
67 |
S, P |
1; 2; 12 |
LC |
|
|
|
201 |
Lesser Short-toed Lark |
Alaudala rufescens |
(Vieillot, 1819) |
çûreyi pencih kurtî biçûk |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
R, P, W |
2; 12 |
LC |
|
|
|
|
41. Family Hirundinidae |
|
Rafinesque, 1815 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
202 |
Sand Martin |
Riparia riparia |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
perh slîrkeyi xîzelan |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
P, S |
8; 12; 14 |
LC |
|
|
|
203 |
Barn Swallow |
Hirundo rustica |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
perh slîrkh |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
68 |
S, P |
8; 12; 14 |
LC |
|
Prot. |
|
204 |
Eurasian Crag Martin |
Ptyonoprogne rupestris |
(Scopoli, 1769) |
perh slîrkeyi rewezan |
Zarei et al. 2018 |
|
S |
2; 9 |
LC |
|
|
|
205 |
Common House Martin |
Delichon urbicum |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
perh slîrkeyi paşel spî |
Zarei et al. 2018 |
|
S |
8; 12 |
LC |
|
|
|
206 |
Red-rumped Swallow |
Cecropis daurica |
(Laxmann, 1769) |
perh slîrkeyi paşel sûr |
Zarei et al. 2018 |
|
S |
9 |
LC |
|
|
|
|
42. Family Cettiidae |
|
Alström et al., 2006 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
207 |
Cetti's Warbler |
Cettia cetti |
(Temminck, 1820) |
çulekeyi perçeyi klk pan |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
S |
5; 8 |
LC |
|
|
|
|
43. Family Aegithalidae |
|
Reichenbach, 1850 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
208 |
Long-tailed Tit |
Aegithalos caudatus |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
binh maleyi gurwîçneyi klk drîj |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
69 |
R |
1; 3; 6 |
LC |
|
|
|
|
44. Family Phylloscopidae |
|
Alström et al. 2006 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
209 |
Willow Warbler |
Phylloscopus trochilus |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
çulekeyi perçeyi lawînan |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
70 |
P |
1; 5; 6; 15 |
LC |
|
|
|
210 |
Common Chiffchaff |
P. collybita |
(Vieillot, 1817) |
çulekeyi perçeyi çîfçaf |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
P |
1; 5; 15 |
LC |
|
|
|
211 |
Plain Leaf Warbler |
P. neglectus |
Hume, 1870 |
çulekeyi perçeyi biçûk |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
S |
1; 5; 12 |
LC |
|
|
|
212 |
Eastern Bonelli's Warbler |
P. orientalis* |
(Brehm, 1855) |
çulekeyi perçeyi rujhelatî |
IBRC |
|
V |
1; 2; 5; 15 |
LC |
|
|
|
213 |
Green Warbler |
P. nitidus |
(Blyth, 1843) |
çulekeyi perçeyi sewzî lawînan |
IBRC |
|
P |
3; 13 |
LC |
|
|
|
|
45. Family Acrocephalidae |
|
Salvin, 1882 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
214 |
Great Reed Warbler |
Acrocephalus arundinaceus |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
çulekeyi perçeyi gewreyi zelan |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
71 |
S |
8 |
LC |
|
|
|
215 |
Clamorous Reed Warbler |
A. stentoreus |
(Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1833) |
çulekeyi perçeyi bih ciyweciyu |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
72 |
S |
8 |
LC |
|
|
|
216 |
Moustached Warbler |
A. melanopogon |
(Temminck, 1823) |
çulekeyi perçeyi bru spî |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
S |
8 |
LC |
|
|
|
217 |
Paddyfield Warbler |
A. agricola* |
(Jerdon, 1845) |
çulekeyi perçeyi çeltukan |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
73 |
P |
8 |
LC |
|
|
|
218 |
Sedge Warbler |
A. schoenobaenus |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
çulekeyi perçeyi rîrî zelan |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
P |
8 |
LC |
|
|
|
219 |
Eurasian Reed Warbler |
A. scirpaceus |
(Hermann, 1804) |
çulekeyi perçeyi zelan |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
S |
8 |
LC |
|
|
|
220 |
Eastern Olivaceous Warbler |
Iduna pallida |
(Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1833) |
çulekeyi perçeyi zeytunî daran |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
S |
1; 5; 12 |
LC |
|
|
|
221 |
Upcher's Warbler |
Hippolais languida |
(Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1833) |
çulekeyi perçeyi gewreyi daran |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
74 |
S |
2; 5; 15 |
LC |
|
|
|
|
46. Family Locustellidae |
|
Bonaparte, 1854 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
222 |
Common Grasshopper Warbler |
Locustella naevia* |
(Boddaert, 1783) |
çulekeyi perçeyi rîrî |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
P |
5; 8 |
LC |
|
|
|
|
47. Family Sylviidae |
|
Leach, 1820 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
223 |
Eurasian Blackcap |
Sylvia atricapilla |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
çulekeyi perçeyi ser reş |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
P |
6; 7; 15 |
LC |
|
|
|
224 |
Garden Warbler |
S. borin |
(Boddaert, 1783) |
çulekeyi perçeyi baẍî |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
P |
6; 7 |
LC |
|
|
|
225 |
Barred Warbler |
S. nisoria |
(Bechstein, 1792) |
çulekeyi perçeyi rîrî |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
P |
2; 5; 6; 15 |
LC |
|
|
|
226 |
Lesser Whitethroat |
S. curruca |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
çulekeyi perçeyi nîqabidar |
This study |
75 |
P |
7; 12; 15 |
LC |
|
|
|
227 |
Hume's Whitethroat |
S. althaea* |
Hume, 1878 |
çulekeyi perçeyi nîqabidarî hiyum |
IBRC |
|
S |
5; 7; 13; 15 |
LC |
|
|
|
228 |
Eastern Orphean Warbler |
S. crassirostris |
Cretzschmar, 1830 |
çulekeyi perçeyi çawu spî rujhelat |
IBRC |
|
S |
1; 5; 12; 15 |
LC |
|
|
|
229 |
Asian Desert Warbler |
S. nana |
(Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1833) |
çulekeyi perçeyi biyabanî |
IBRC |
|
P |
2; 5; 10 |
LC |
|
|
|
230 |
Common Whitethroat |
S. communis |
Latham, 1787 |
çulekeyi perçeyi mil spî |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
P |
1; 5; 6 |
LC |
|
|
|
231 |
Menetries's Warbler |
S. mystacea |
Ménétriès, 1832 |
çulekeyi perçeyi bur |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
76 |
S |
7 |
LC |
|
|
|
|
48. Family Regulidae |
|
Vigors, 1825 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
232 |
Goldcrest |
Regulus regulus |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
tanc zîrî |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
W |
3 |
LC |
|
|
|
|
49. Family Troglodytidae |
|
Swainson, 1832 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
233 |
Eurasian Wren |
Troglodytes troglodytes |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
fsîqh |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
77 |
W |
1; 3; 7; 15 |
LC |
|
|
|
|
50. Family Sittidae |
|
Lesson, 1828 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
234 |
Eurasian Nuthatch |
Sitta europaea |
Linnaeus, 1758 |
qulteyi cengelî |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
78 |
R |
3; 15 |
LC |
|
|
|
235 |
Western Rock Nuthatch |
S. neumayer |
Michahelles, 1830 |
qulteyi biçûk |
Zarei et al. 2018 |
|
R |
9; 13 |
LC |
|
|
|
236 |
Eastern Rock Nuthatch |
S. tephronota |
Sharpe, 1872 |
qulteyi gewrh |
Zarei et al. 2018 |
|
R |
9; 13 |
LC |
|
|
|
|
51. Family Tichodromidae |
|
Swainson, 1827 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
237 |
Wallcreeper |
Tichodroma muraria |
(Linnaeus, 1766) |
berdwan |
IBRC |
|
R |
9; 13 |
LC |
|
|
|
|
52. Family Sturnidae |
|
Rafinesque, 1815 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
238 |
Common Myna |
Acridotheres tristis |
(Linnaeus, 1766) |
mîna |
IBRC |
|
R |
1; 11; 12 |
LC |
|
Prot. |
|
239 |
Rosy Starling |
Pastor roseus |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
xezayî |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
79 |
S, P |
2; 10; 12; 13 |
LC |
|
Prot. |
|
240 |
Common Starling |
Sturnus vulgaris |
Linnaeus, 1758 |
sîrû |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
R |
1; 11; 12; 15 |
LC |
|
|
|
241 |
Ring Ouzel |
Turdus torquatus |
Linnaeus, 1758 |
rh şîşeyi mil bexal |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
W |
9; 13 |
LC |
|
|
|
242 |
Common Blackbird |
T. merula |
Linnaeus, 1758 |
rh şîşh |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
80 |
S, W |
1; 3; 5; 6 |
LC |
|
|
|
243 |
Black-throated Thrush |
T. atrogularis |
Jarocki, 1819 |
rh şîşeyi mil reş |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
W |
1; 6; 7; 15 |
LC |
|
|
|
244 |
Fieldfare |
T. pilaris |
Linnaeus, 1758 |
rh şîşeyi pşit şî |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
W |
3; 12; 15 |
LC |
|
|
|
245 |
Redwing |
T. iliacus |
Linnaeus, 1758 |
rh şîşeyi bal sûr |
IBRC |
|
W |
1; 6; 12; 15 |
NT |
|
|
|
246 |
Song Thrush |
T. philomelos |
Brehm, 1831 |
rh şîşeyi baẍî |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
W |
1; 3; 12; 15 |
LC |
|
|
|
247 |
Mistle Thrush |
T. viscivorus |
Linnaeus, 1758 |
rh şîşeyi gewrh |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
W |
1; 3; 12; 15 |
LC |
|
|
|
|
53. Family Muscicapidae |
|
Fleming, 1822 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
248 |
Rufous-tailed Scrub Robin |
Cercotrichas galactotes |
(Temminck, 1820) |
zirh bulbul |
Ahsani et al. 2015 |
81 |
S |
1; 2; 7; 10 |
LC |
|
|
|
249 |
Spotted Flycatcher |
Muscicapa striata |
(Pallas, 1764) |
qûlh cûqeyi xalixal |
This study |
82 |
S |
6 |
LC |
|
|
|
250 |
European Robin |
Erithacus rubecula |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
bûkh sûr |
This study |
83 |
W, P |
3; 15 |
LC |
|
|
|
251 |
Bluethroat |
Luscinia svecica |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
gh rûşînh |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
84 |
P |
1; 3; 5; 7 |
LC |
|
|
|
252 |
Thrush Nightingale |
L. luscinia* |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
bulbulî xalixal |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
P |
3; 7; 12 |
LC |
|
|
|
253 |
Common Nightingale |
L. megarhynchos |
(Brehm, 1831) |
bulbil |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
85 |
S |
3; 7 |
LC |
|
Prot. |
|
254 |
White-throated Robin |
Irania gutturalis |
(Guerin-Meneville, 1843) |
bûkh sûrî îranî |
Zarei et al. 2018 |
|
S |
1; 5; 7 |
LC |
|
|
|
255 |
Semicollared Flycatcher |
Ficedula semitorquata |
(Homeyer, 1885) |
qûlh cûqeyi mil bih xal |
Evans 1994 |
|
S |
6; 15 |
LC |
|
|
|
256 |
Eversmann's Redstart |
Phoenicurus erythronotus |
(Eversmann, 1841) |
klk sûrî pşit şî |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
W |
1; 7; 12; 15 |
LC |
|
|
|
257 |
Black Redstart |
P. ochruros |
(Gmelin, 1774) |
klk sûrî reş |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
W, P |
9 |
LC |
|
|
|
258 |
Common Redstart |
P. phoenicurus |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
klk sûr |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
86 |
S |
1; 6; 15 |
LC |
|
|
|
259 |
Rufous-tailed Rock Thrush |
Monticola saxatilis |
(Linnaeus, 1766) |
bu qjeyi kiywî |
Zarei et al. 2018 |
|
S |
9; 13 |
LC |
|
|
|
260 |
Blue Rock Thrush |
M. solitarius |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
bu qjeyi benewş |
Zarei et al. 2018 |
|
S |
9; 13 |
LC |
|
|
|
261 |
Whinchat |
Saxicola rubetra |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
gabelekeyi rîrî |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
P |
1; 7; 12 |
LC |
|
|
|
262 |
European Stonechat |
S. rubicola |
(Linnaeus, 1766) |
gabelekeyi arupayî |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
87 |
S, W, P |
1; 7; 12 |
LC |
|
|
|
263 |
Siberian Stonechat |
S. maurus |
(Pallas, 1773) |
gabelekeyi sîbrî |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
S, W, P |
1; 7; 12 |
NR |
|
|
|
264 |
Isabelline Wheatear |
Oenanthe isabellina |
(Temminck, 1829) |
kelekh tireyi deşitî |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
88 |
S |
2; 12 |
LC |
|
|
|
265 |
Northern Wheatear |
O. oenanthe |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
kelekh tirh |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
S |
1; 7; 12 |
LC |
|
|
|
266 |
Kurdish Wheatear |
O. xanthoprymna* |
(Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1833) |
kelekh tireyi kurdî |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
89 |
S |
9; 13 |
LC |
|
|
|
267 |
Black-eared Wheatear |
O. hispanica |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
kelekh tireyi gwî reş |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
90 |
S |
1; 7; 12 |
LC |
|
|
|
268 |
Desert Wheatear |
O. deserti |
(Temminck, 1829) |
kelekh tireyi biyabanî |
IBRC |
|
P |
2; 5; 10 |
LC |
|
|
|
269 |
Mourning Wheatear |
O. lugens |
(Lichtenstein, 1823) |
kelekh tireyi belekî başûrî |
Zarei et al. 2018 |
|
S |
2; 5; 7; 9 |
LC |
|
|
|
270 |
Finsch's Wheatear |
O. finschii |
(Heuglin, 1869) |
kelekh tireyi pşit spî |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
S |
9 |
LC |
|
|
|
|
54. Family Cinclidae |
|
Sundevall, 1836 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
271 |
White-throated Dipper |
Cinclus cinclus |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
bih rlu wzewh |
Zarei et al. 2018 |
|
R |
4; 13; 14 |
LC |
|
|
|
|
55. Family Passeridae |
|
Rafinesque, 1815 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
272 |
House Sparrow |
Passer domesticus |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
çulekh |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
R |
1; 6; 11; 12 |
LC |
|
Pest |
|
273 |
Spanish Sparrow |
P. hispaniolensis |
(Temminck, 1820) |
çulekeyi sîng reş |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
91 |
S |
2; 5; 7; 8 |
LC |
|
Pest |
|
274 |
Eurasian Tree Sparrow |
P. montanus |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
çulekeyi daran |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
R |
1; 6; 11; 12 |
LC |
|
Pest |
|
275 |
Pale Rockfinch |
Carpospiza brachydactyla |
(Bonaparte, 1850) |
çulekeyi bur |
Zarei et al. 2018 |
|
S |
7; 9; 10 |
LC |
|
Pest |
|
276 |
Rock Sparrow |
Petronia petronia |
(Linnaeus, 1766) |
çulekeyi kiywî |
Zarei et al. 2018 |
|
S |
5; 9; 12; 13 |
LC |
|
Pest |
|
277 |
Yellow-throated Sparrow |
Gymnoris xanthocollis |
(Burton, 1838) |
çulekeyi mil zerd |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
92 |
S |
7; 12; 15 |
LC |
|
Pest |
|
278 |
White-winged Snowfinch |
Montifringilla nivalis |
(Linnaeus, 1766) |
çulekeyi befrî |
Zarei et al. 2018 |
|
S |
7; 9; 13 |
LC |
|
Pest |
|
|
56. Family Prunellidae |
|
Richmond, 1908 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
279 |
Radde's Accentor |
Prunella ocularis |
(Radde, 1884) |
se'weyi bruspî |
IBRC |
|
W |
13 |
LC |
|
|
|
280 |
Dunnock |
P. modularis |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
se'weyi lîrh waran |
Zarei et al. 2018 |
|
W |
5; 7; 15 |
LC |
|
|
|
|
57. Family Motacillidae |
|
Horsfield, 1821 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
281 |
Western Yellow Wagtail |
Motacilla flava |
Linnaeus, 1758 |
ber gawîleyi zerd |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
93 |
S |
8; 12 |
LC |
|
|
|
282 |
Citrine Wagtail |
M. citreola |
(Pallas, 1776) |
ber gawîleyi ser zerd |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
P |
2; 8; 12 |
LC |
|
|
|
283 |
Grey Wagtail |
M. cinerea |
Tunstall, 1771 |
ber gawîleyi bur |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
94 |
S, W |
4; 8; 14 |
LC |
|
|
|
284 |
White Wagtail |
M. alba |
Linnaeus, 1758 |
ber gawîleyi belek |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
95 |
R, W |
4; 8; 11; 12 |
LC |
|
|
|
285 |
Tawny Pipit |
Anthus campestris |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
barîkh |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
96 |
S, P |
12 |
LC |
|
|
|
286 |
Meadow Pipit |
A. pratensis |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
barîkeyi mîrgan |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
W |
12 |
NT |
|
|
|
287 |
Tree Pipit |
A. trivialis |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
barîkeyi daran |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
P |
1; 12 |
LC |
|
|
|
288 |
Red-throated Pipit |
A. cervinus |
(Pallas, 1811) |
barîkeyi mil sur |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
P |
12 |
LC |
|
|
|
289 |
Water Pipit |
A. spinoletta |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
barîkeyi awî |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
W, P |
12; 13 |
LC |
|
|
|
|
58. Family Fringillidae |
|
Leach, 1820 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
290 |
Common Chaffinch |
Fringilla coelebs |
Linnaeus, 1758 |
seyreyi lîrewaran |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
97 |
W, S |
3; 6; 12; 15 |
LC |
|
|
|
291 |
Brambling |
F. montifringilla |
Linnaeus, 1758 |
seyreyi paşel spî |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
W |
1; 6; 15 |
LC |
|
|
|
292 |
Hawfinch |
Coccothraustes coccothraustes |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
seyreyi dindûk gewrh |
Zarei et al. 2018 |
98 |
W |
15 |
LC |
|
|
|
293 |
Eurasian Crimson-winged Finch |
Rhodopechys sanguineus |
(Gould, 1838) |
seyreyi bal sûr |
IBRC |
|
W, S |
5; 7; 12 |
LC |
|
|
|
294 |
Common Rosefinch |
Carpodacus erythrinus |
(Pallas, 1770) |
seyreyi sûr |
IBRC |
|
P |
1; 5; 6; 7 |
LC |
|
|
|
295 |
European Greenfinch |
Chloris chloris |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
seyreyi kesk |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
99 |
W |
1; 7; 12; 15 |
LC |
|
|
|
296 |
Desert Finch |
Rhodospiza obsoleta |
(Lichtenstein, 1823) |
seyreyi bur |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
S |
1; 2; 10; 12 |
LC |
|
|
|
297 |
Common Linnet |
Linaria cannabina |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
seyreyi sîng sûr |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
W |
5; 7; 12 |
LC |
|
|
|
298 |
European Goldfinch |
Carduelis carduelis |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
seyrh |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
S, W |
1; 5; 12; 15 |
LC |
|
|
|
299 |
Red-fronted Serin |
Serinus pusillus |
(Pallas, 1811) |
seyreyi niyuçawan spî |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
R |
1; 7; 13; 15 |
LC |
|
|
|
300 |
European Serin |
S. serinus* |
(Linnaeus, 1766) |
seyreyi paşel zerd |
Scott 2008 |
|
V |
1; 6; 15 |
LC |
|
|
|
301 |
Eurasian Siskin |
Spinus spinus |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
seyreyi zerd |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
100 |
W |
3 |
LC |
|
|
|
|
59. Family Emberizidae |
|
Vigors, 1831 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
302 |
Corn Bunting |
Emberiza calandra |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
surreyi mîrgh |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
101 |
R |
1; 7; 12 |
LC |
|
|
|
303 |
Yellowhammer |
E. citrinella |
Linnaeus, 1758 |
surreyi lîmwîy |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
W |
1; 5; 7; 12 |
LC |
|
|
|
304 |
Pine Bunting |
E. leucocephalos |
Gmelin, 1771 |
surreyi la cang spî |
IBRC |
|
W |
1; 5; 12; 15 |
LC |
|
|
|
305 |
Rock Bunting |
E. cia |
(Linnaeus, 1766) |
surreyi kiywî |
Zarei et al. 2018 |
|
R |
1; 5; 12; 13 |
LC |
|
|
|
306 |
Grey-necked Bunting |
E. buchanani |
Blyth, 1844 |
surreyi bur |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
102 |
S |
5; 9; 13 |
LC |
|
|
|
307 |
Cinereous Bunting |
E. cineracea* |
Brehm, 1855 |
surreyi la cang zerd |
Scott 2008 |
|
S |
5; 7; 9; 13 |
NT |
|
|
|
308 |
Ortolan Bunting |
E. hortulana |
Linnaeus, 1758 |
surreyi ser zeytunî |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
S |
1; 7; 15 |
LC |
|
|
|
309 |
Black-headed Bunting |
E. melanocephala |
Scopoli, 1769 |
surreyi ser reş |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
S |
1; 15 |
LC |
|
|
|
310 |
Common Reed Bunting |
E. schoeniclus |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
surreyi zelan |
Zarei et al. 2017 |
|
W |
1; 8; 12 |
LC |
|
|
Habitat type: 1 - sparsely wooded meadows;
2 - steppes; 3 - dense forests and woodlands; 4 - mountain brooks and rivers; 5
- short bush and thorn scrub; 6 - forest and woodland fringes; 7 - dense
bushlands; 8 - wetlands; 9 - boulder strewn mountains; 10 - semi-deserts; 11 -
human settlements (cities & villages); 12 - open landscapes (meadows,
plains & moorlands); 13 - mountains; 14 - lakes and rivers; 15 - sparse
woodlands.
Status: R - resident; S - summer visitor
and breeder; s – summer non-breeder; W - winter visitor; P - passage migrant; V
- vagrant; * - rare species.
Conservation: CR - Critically Endangered;
EN - Endangered; VU - Vulnerable; NT - Near Threatened; DD - Data Deficient; LC
- Least Concern; NR - not recognized; I - Appendix I; II - Appendix II; III -
Appendix III; End. - endangered; Prot. - protected; Pest - pest species. IBRC - Iran Bird Records Committee.
Discussion and
Conclusion
We
conclude that the avifauna in Kurdistan Province, western Iran, is rich and
taxonomically diverse when compared to the country’s total bird fauna (a total
of 551 bird species from 26 orders and 84 families; Khaleghizadeh et al. 2017b)
and recorded bird species in its neighboring provinces in western Iran, namely,
Kermanshah (215 species), Hamedan (218 species), Zanjan (164 species), and
western Azerbaijan (285 species) (Khaleghizadeh et al. 2017b; IBRC 2018). This edition of the checklist presents 310
bird species in 23 orders and 59 families for Kurdistan Province, a number
which is equivalent to about 56.3% of all bird species recorded throughout Iran
(551 species) and approximately 25% of the total bird species recorded in the
Middle East, Caucasus, and central Asia (i.e., OSME region, 1,153 confirmed and
87 unproven species (OSME Region List 2018).
These results refer to the significant growth of field ornithology in
this province in recent years.
The
bird fauna in the world faces several common threats mainly due to
anthropogenic activities/ human-induced disturbances. Drought, land-use change and habitat
destruction, agricultural and livestock activities, breaking environmental
laws, lack of public awareness and strict management, illegal hunting,
overfishing, and noise pollution in aquatic habitats (natural and artificial)
are the main threats affecting birds in Kurdistan (see Zarei et al. 2017, in
press). Although some forms of legal
protection, education of local people by the Iranian DOE and nongovernmental
organizations (e.g., creating a birdwatching site in the ZWR by Chya Green
Association; Zarei et al. 2017), and media initiatives were instituted, we
think that habitat monitoring is urgent.
Growth of birdwatching activity as the main branch of ecotourism has a
high potential to provide financial supports for local communities in order to
better conserve natural resources (Sekercioglu 2002).
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