Journal of
Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 December 2018 | 10(15):
12953–12968
Taxonomic studies on the gaudy grasshoppers (Orthoptera:
Pyrgomorphoidea: Pyrgomorphidae) from the northeastern states of India
M. Imran Khan 1, M. Kamil Usmani
2, Shahnila Usmani 3 & Hira Naz 4
1,2,3,4 Section of Entomology, Department of
Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh 202002, India
1 mikhanalig@gmail.com (corresponding
author), 2 usmanikamil94@gmail.com, 3 persona.usmani@gmail.com,
4 nazhiranaz@gmail.com
Abstract: A survey of the northeastern
states of India recorded 10 species representing five genera belonging to four
tribes of the family Pyrgomorphidae. For
identification, in addition to conventional morphological characters, the
detailed structures of male and female genitalia were also included. All the genera studied are described. Morphometry and distribution of each species
are also given.
Keywords: Caelifera,
Pyrgomorphidae, tribes,
species, key.
doi: https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.3891.10.15.12953-12968 | ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:05A3C45B-0203-4FCA-A791-C9F909DFE18C
Editor: R.K. Avasthi (Retd. Associate
Professor/Head), Vaish College, Rohtak, India. Date
of publication: 26 December 2018 (online & print)
Manuscript details: Ms
# 3891 | Received 14 November 2017 | Final received 14 September 2018 | Finally
accepted 20 October 2018
Citation: Khan, M.I., M.K. Usmani, S. Usmani & H. Naz (2018). Taxonomic studies on the gaudy
grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphoidea: Pyrgomorphidae) from the
northeastern states of India.
Journal of Threatened Taxa 10(15): 12953–12968; https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.3891.10.15.12953-12968
Copyright: © Khan et al. 2018. Creative Commons
Attribution 4.0 International License. JoTT allows unrestricted use of
this article in any medium, reproduction and distribution by providing adequate
credit to the authors and the source of publication.
Funding: The
University Grants Commission, New Delhi, for providing financial assistance
during the tenure of a major research project (Ref. no.
33-33/2007 (SR)).
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
Author
Details: MIK has completed PhD in
Zoology, interested in taxonomy, biodiversity and ecology of insects. He has
successfully completed a research project funded by UGC entitled with “Studies
on the taxonomy and diversity of Acridoidea (Orthoptera) in North-Eastern
States of India” (1st April, 2008 – 31st March, 2011). MKU is a Professor, Section of Entomology, research interest lies in the taxonomy, biology,
ecology and biodiversity of insect pests of agricultural importance and in
their biological control through the use of insect natural enemies. SU has
completed PhD in Zoology, interested in taxonomy, biodiversity and ecology of
insects. HN is a PhD student, interested
in taxonomy, biodiversity and ecology of insects.
Author
Contribution: All authors
contributed equally.
Acknowledgements: We wish to extend our gratitude to the University Grants Commission, New
Delhi for providing financial assistance during the tenure of a major research
project (Ref. no. 33-33/2007 (SR)) being carried out on “Studies on taxonomy
and diversity of northeastern States of India”.
Introduction
Pyrgomorphidae
is a family of the order Orthoptera under the suborder Caelifera. Its members are commonly known as Gaudy
Grasshoppers in the superfamily Pyrgomorphoidea. Some members (tribes Atractomorphini and Psednurini) are
green in colour while others (tribe Monistrini) have bright warning
colours. The present study was based on
conventional morphological characters along with a detailed study of genital
structures of Pyrgomorphidae for a better
understanding of the significance of morphological structures. A comparative study was done on the genitalia
with reference to supra-anal plate and cerci, subgenital plate, epiphallus, and
aedeagus of the male and the supra-anal plate, subgenital plate, ovipositor,
and spermatheca of the female.
In the present study, Pyrgomorphidae is recognized as a family of
superfamily Pyrgomorphoidea. Kirby
(1910, 1914) prepared a catalogue for Acrididae (including this group) of the
world and a volume of Fauna of British India including the fauna of
Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and Burma.
Later, Chopard (1924a), Uvarov (1925, 1929), and Ayyar (1940) also
worked on the Indian species of Pyrgomorphidae.
Kevan et al. (1970) worked on the taxonomy of the oriental taxa of
Pyrgopmorphidae. Bhowmik (1964), Tandon
& Shishodia (1969, 1989), Tandon (1976), Bhowmik & Halder (1983), and
Usmani & Shafee (1985) worked on the taxonomy of various genera and species
of Pyrgomorphinae from different parts of India.
The system of classifying grasshoppers by earlier workers was mainly based
on easily recognizable externally visible characters. Slifer & King (1936), Slifer (1939, 1940,
1943), Dirsh (1957a,b), and Meinodas et al. (1982)
showed the taxonomic significance of spermatheca in Acrididae.
Dirsh & Uvarov (1953) studied the apical valve of aedeagus in three
species of Anacridium. Dirsh
(1956a,b) showed the importance of aedeagus in
classifying and grouping various families of Acridoidea.
Herrera & Schnidrig (1983) described the male genitalia of 64 species
of Orthoptera from Navarra. Usmani &
Ajaili (1993) showed the taxonomic significance of aedeagus in some Libyan
species of Acridoidea. Ajaili &
Usmani (1994) made comparative studies on the male subgenital and supra-anal
plates and cerci in some Libyan species of Acridoidea.
Kumar et al. (2014) conducted a comprehensive study on the male supra-anal
plate, cerci, and subgenital plate in 12 species of grasshoppers representing
six genera under four tribes belonging to the family Pyrgomorphidae.
Material and
methods
A survey for
collection of Pyrgomorphid specimens during 2008–2011 from grasslands and
agricultural fields of northeastern states was carried out. Specimens were handpicked or collected using
sweeping nets. All the collected
specimens were preserved in 70% ethyl alcohol.
Specimens were stretched and photographed. For genitalic studies, the apical tip of the
abdomen was cut and boiled in 10% KOH solution and the genital structures were
isolated. All drawings were prepared
under camera lucida (Nikon SMZ 25).
Descriptions of male genitalia follow the terminologies used in Dirsh
(1956a). All observations on morphometry
are given in millimetres.
Family: Pyrgomorphidae Brunner von
Wattenwyl, 1874
Brunner von
Wattenwyl. 1874. Ver. Der. Zool. Ges. 24:22.
Diagnosis: Body of variable shapes, head acutely conical, fastigial furrow
present. Prosternal
process present. Elytra and wings
fully developed, reduced, or absent. Tympanam normally present.
The lower basal lobe of hind femur longer than the
upper one. Brunner’s
organ present except in a few genera, with thin, almost cursorial hind legs. External apical spine of
hind tibia present or absent.
Ectophallus differentiated; cingulum capsule-like; valves of penis
paired, undivided; spermatophore sac in dorsal
position. Epiphallus
bridge-shaped, with dorso-lateral appendices; ancore absent; lophi hook-like. Oval sclerites absent. No stridulatory mechanism known.
The Pyrgomorphidae is a very well defined family, with a peculiar
phallic complex which is rather uniform through the
family. The relationship with other
families is rather obscure and no close affinities exist. They have some common features with
Lentulidae, such as
undivided paired valves of the penis and the dorsal position of
the spermatophore sac, and others with Ommexechidae, such as the presence of a
fastigial forrow and the paired undivided valves of the penis. All other characters, however, are so
distinct that the relationship is a very remote one. Pyrgomorphidae is represented in all the
tropical and subtropical parts of the world by a large number of genera, a list
of which appears unnecessary.
Tribe Atractomorphini Bolivar, 1905
Dignosis: Body slightly robust, not depressed, or, if
so slightly (some females), hind tarsal segments elongate; head elongated,
acutely conical, fastigium of vertex usually long, acute, a row of fine,
distinct granular tubercles extending from behind the eye across the inferior
margin of the lateral pronotal lobe; infero-posterior angle of lateral pronotal
lobe not strongly acute; antennae usually inserted well in advance of ocelli;
tegmina usually fully developed, usually very tapered and pointed. Brachypterous forms, somewhat depressed (especially
in females), strongly micropterous or apterous forms unknown; hind femur
trigonal in cross section; posterior tibial spines rather long and sharp; male
cerci unspecialized; ventral process of ectophellus moderately long, very broad
and subtruncated apically.
Genus Atractomorpha Saussure,
1862
Saussure.
1862. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr.
41: 474.
Brunner von
Wattenwyl. 1898. Abh. Senckenb. Natforsch. Ges.
24(2): 234.
Diagnosis: Small to medium size; integument finely
rugose; antennae slightly compressed, shorter than head and pronotum together,
their bases located in front of lateral ocelli, fastigium of vertex elongated,
flat, horizontal or slightly upcurved with parabolic or angular apex; apical
fastigial areolae poorly developed; head narrow, acutely conical, with a row of
postocular tubercles; frons strongly oblique; frontal ridge incurved, narrow
and low, shallowly sulcate, with obtuse lateral carinulae. Pronotum elongated, sub-cylindrical, slightly
widening backwards; dorsum slightly flattened, crossed by three fine sulci;
median carina and lateral carinar weak; metazoan much shorter than prozona, its
posterior margin widely obtuse-angular, almost rounded; lateral lobe with row
of low marginal tubercles; prosternal process cuneiform; elytra and wings fully
developed, apex of elytron acutely attenuate; tympanal organ well developed;
hind femur narrow, with external lower marginal area narrow, displaced
ventrally to external medial area; lower lobes of hind knee much shorter than
upper one; hind tibiae in apical part with expanded margins; external apical
spine present; arolium of moderate size; male supra anal plate elongate
angular; cercus subconical, straight with subacute apex; Subgenital plate
short, with rounded apex.
The genus is
represented by five species from this region.
Atractomorpha burri Bolívar, 1905
(Image 1; Fig.
1)
Bolivar, I.
1905. Bol. R. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 5:
197.
Kirby, W.F.
1901. 3 (2): 332.
Banerjee, S.K.
and Kevan, D.K. Mc E. 1960. Treubia, 25: 165-189.
Kevan
& Chen. 1969. Zool.
J. Linn. Soc. 48: 193.
Morphological
Characters: Build rather
short and moderately stout; head and pronotum relatively short; fastigium of
vertex shorter; pronotal lobe fairly deep, without a membranous area in
metazona; outer face of hind femur rather strongly convexed and keeled; hind
wings relatively long, their apices not falling much short of those of the
tegmina at rest, extensively tyrian pink to light mallow purple at base.
Male
genitalia: Supra anal plate elongate angular, epiproct long and narrow with
obtusely conical apex, cerci as long as or slightly shorter than the epiproct,
and conical at apex, paraproct smaller. Subgenital plate triangular with conical apex. Epiphallus anchor shaped bridge small,
anterior projections not prominent, lateral plates broad and fused medially,
broader at the base, middle piece of epiphallus much wider, lophi hooked with
conical apex, appendices rod shaped, slightly expanded at apex, reaching up to
the apex of lophi. Apical valve long
anad narrow, apical tip pointed, longer tanan basal valve, basal valve wide at
base.
Female
genitalia: Supra anal plate elongated, longer than wide, apex obtusely
rounded. Cercus short, longer than wide
and incurved. Subgeniatal plate:
posterior margin without setae, egg-guide wide at base; narrowing apically, one
and half time longer than wide. Spermatheca with apical and pre-apical diverticula, pre-apial
diverticulum moderately long tubular, apical diverticulum long, tubular with
protuberance. Ovipositor: dorsal
valve long, wide with apex pointed, slightly longer than apodeme and more than
twice as long as wide, ventral valve uniformly wide, apex elongated and
obtusely rounded.
Material
Examined: Reg. no. 133, 9 females, 5 males, 10-x-2009, on grasses, Meghalaya,
East Khasi Hills, coll. M.I. Khan.
Morphometry: (length in mm)
Male: Body 19.77, tegmina 18.61, pronotum 5.35,
hind femur 11.25.
Female: Body 22.47, tegmina 19.97, pronotum
6.65, hind femur 12.39.
Distribution: Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Cambodia, India (Arunachal
Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Mizoram, Odisha, Sikkim, Tripura
& West Bengal), Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, and Veitnam.
Atractomorpha psittacina psittacina (Haan,
1842)
(Image 2; Fig.
2)
Haan. 1842.
16/18: 143, 146
Morphological
Characters: Build very
slender; head and pronotum relatively long; fastigium of vertex narrower and
longer; lateral pronotal lobe shallow, sometimes with a small membranous area in
the metazona; outer face of hind femur not strongly convex or keeled; hind wings
normally comparatively long in relation to tegmina, not falling much short of
them when at rest, usually dull magenta purple, often rather pale, at extreme
base, often with dark veins and somewhat infumated, sometimes colourless.
Male
genitalia: Supra anal plate elongate angular, epiproct triangular, long and
broad at base with obtusely conical apex, cerci shorter than the epiproct and
conical at apex, paraproct smaller.
Subgenital plate rounded at apex.
Epihallus anchor shaped, bridge much narrow, anterior projections not
prominent with rounded apex, lateral plates fused medially, middle piece of
epiphallus narrow, lophi hooked with pointed apex, appendices rod-shaped,
expanded at apex, slightly far from the apex of lophi. Apical valve narrow as long
as basal valve, apex tubular, basal valve wide at base.
Female
genitalia: Supra anal plate triangular, longer than wide, apex obtusely
rounded, cercus short, wide at base, longer than wide, narrowing apically. Subgenital plate, posterior margin smooth without
setae, notched in the middle, egg-guide narrowing apically, twice as long as
wide, tip pointed. Spermatheca: apical
and pre-apical diverticulum long, both are long, tubular and narrow. Ovipositor: dorsal valve broad, long,
slightly longer than apodeme with apical tip pointed, ventral valve uniformly
broad with tip pointed.
Material
Examined: Reg. no. 134, 19 females, 15 males, 21-x-2008, on grasses, Meghalaya,
Rai Bhoi, coll. M.I. Khan.
Morphometry: (length in mm)
Male: Body 25.34, tegmina 21.35, pronotum 5.45,
hind femur 11.49.
Female: Body 28.94, tegmina 22.50, pronotum
6.16, hind femur 12.37.
Distribution: Borneo, India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya,
Rajasthan, Tripura, & West Bengal), and Malaysia.
Atractomorpha himalayica Bolívar,
1905
(Image 3; Fig.
3)
Bolivar, I.
1905. Bol. R. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 5:
198, 204.
Navas,
1905. Bol. Soc. Arag.
Cienc. Nat. 4: 273.
Kirby,
1910. 3(2): 332.
Bey-Bienko
& Mistshenko 1951.
1: 275.
Morphological
Characters: Generally
rather small; eyes generally shorter and rather convex; fastigium of vertex
often comparatively short; inter-ocular space generally slightly convex; membranous area in
metazona of lateral pronotal lobe usually
very distinct in female and well indicated in male; hind wings normally
tyrian pink to light mallow purple or pale magenta at base, but quite often
rather heavily infumated.
Male
genitalia: Supra anal plate elongate angular, epiproct triangular, long and
slightly wider at base with obtusely conical apex, cerci shorter than the
epiproct, and conical at apex, paraproct smaller. Subgenital plate oval at
apex. Epihallus anchor shaped, bridge broader, anterior projections
prominent with pointed apex, lateral plates fused medially, middle piece of
epiphallus with subparallel margins, lophi hooked with pointed apex, appendices
rod shaped, slightly expanded at apex, slightly far from the apex of
lophi. Aedeagus: apical valve long,
narrow, upcurved, distinctly longer than basal valve, apical tip pointed, basal
valve narrow, broad at base.
Female
genitalia: Supra anal plate elongated, slightly longer than wide, apex rounded,
cercus short, broad, one and half time as long as wide. Subgenital plate: posterior margin smooth
without setae, with a notch in the middle, egg-guide broad basally, narrowing
apically, twice as long as wide.
Spermatheca: apical diverticulum long, narrow and tubular, pre-apical
diverticulum narrow basally, broad apically.
Ovipositar, dorsal valve elongated, broad medially, apical tip pointed,
longer than apodeme, ventral valve uniformally broad, apex pointed.
Material
Examined: Reg. no. 135, 13 females, 10 males, 11-ii-2009, on grasses, Mizoram,
Aizwal, coll. M.I. Khan.
Morphometry: (length in mm)
Male: Body 18.45, tegmina 13.92, pronotum 4.24,
hind femur 9.05.
Female: Body 21.53, tegmina 14.81, pronotum
5.93, hind femur 10.39.
Distribution: Bangladesh, Bhutan,
China, India(Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Nagaland, Sikkim,
& West Bengal), Nepal, and southern Malaya.
Atractomorpha angusta Karsch, 1888
(Image 4; Fig.
4)
Karsch. 1888. Entom.
Nachricht. 14(21): 333.
Bolivar, I.
1905. Bol. R. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 5:
198, 207.
Kirby,
1910. 3(2): 332.
Kevan,
1963. Ark. Zool.
16(4): 80.
Morphological
Characters: Size a little
smaller; eyes generally a little longer and less convex; fastigium of vertex
generally narrower apically and less flat dorsally; interocular space generally
flatter; membranous area in metazona of lateral pronotal lobe variably
developed, often less distinct than above; hind wings rose red, not
infrequently infumated, at least basally.
Male
genitalia: Supra anal plate broad basally, moderately narrowing apically, as
long as wide, apex rounded, cercus elongated, broad basally, narrowing apically,
more than one and half time as long as wide, apex obtusely rounded. Epiphallus
anchor shaped, anchorae elongated, narrow basally, broad apically. Aedeagus, apical valve narrowing apically
with apex pointed, twice as long as wide, basal valve short and wide at apex.
Female
genitalia: Supra anal plate broad at base, slightly narrow at apex, as long as
wide, apex obtusely rounded, cercus short, broad, narrow apex, one and half
time as long as wide. Subgenital plate
smooth without setae, notched in the middle, egg-guide short, broad at base,
narrowing apically, twice as long as wide. Spermatheca,
apical diverticulum long, tubular and narrow. Pre-apical diverticulum
uniformly tubular, S-shaped.
Ovipositor: dorsal valve elongated, broad, slightly longer than apodeme,
apical tip pointed, ventral valve uniformly broad,
apical tip obtusely rounded.
Morphometry:
(length in mm)
Female: Body
20.97, tegmina 14.37, pronotum 5.71, hind femur 11.93
Material
examined: Reg. no. 136, 15 females, 21-IX-2008, on grasses, Manipur, Ukhrul, coll.
M.I. Khan.
Distribution: Bhutan, Cambodia, India (Andaman &
Nicobar Islands, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, & West
Bengal), Indonesia, Laos, Myanmar, Malaysia, Nepal, Singapore, Thailand, and
Vietnam.
Atractomorpha sinensis Bolívar,
1905
(Image 5, Fig.
5)
Bolivar, I.
1905. Bol. R. Soc. Esp. Nat. 5: 198, 205.
Morphological
Characters: Size generally
a little larger; fastigium of vertex usually rather broad and generally very
flat dorsally; pronotum with distinct carinae; lateral pronotal lobes without
membranous area; hind wings rose red or rose, not frequently infumated.
Male
genitalia: Supra anal plate elongate angular, epiproct triangular, long and
wider at base with obtusely conical apex, cerci shorter than the epiproct and
conical at apex, paraproct smaller. Subgenital plate flat and globular at apex. Epihallus anchor
shaped, bridge wider, anterior projections prominent with hook like apex,
lateral plates fused medially, broader at base, middle piece of epiphallus
slightly narrow, lophi hooked with obtusely conical apex, appendices rod
shaped, much expanded at apex, slightly far from the apex of lophi. Aedeagus apical valve elongated, uniformly
tubular, upcurved, apex obtusely rounded, basal valve
short and broad.
Female
genitalia: Supra anal plate broad at base, slightly narrowing apically, as long
as wide, apex rounded, cercus short, broad, narrowing apically, apex blunt, one
and half time as long as wide.
Subgenital plate, posterior margin smooth without setae, notched in the
middle, egg-guide short, broad basally, narrowing apically, one and half time
as long as wide. Spermatheca,
apical and pre-apical diverticulum, narrow, tubular, diverticulum shorter than
pre-apical diverticulum. Ovipositor, dorsal valve broad, with apical tip obtuse, slightly
shorter than apodeme, ventral valve narrow, uniformally broad, apical tip
bluntly rounded.
Material
Examined: Reg. no. 137, 23 females, 18 males, 28-x-2008, on paddy field,
Nagaland, Dimapur, coll. M.I. Khan.
Morphometry: (length in mm)
Male: Body 22.43, Tegmina 17.54, Pronotum 3.90, Hind
femur 10.92
Female: Body 25.49, Tegmina 18.74, Pronotum 4.90, Hind
femur 11.82
Distribution: Bhutan, India (Assam, Jammu
& Kashmir, Meghalaya, and West Bengal), Indonesia, Myanmar, Sri Lanka
Tribe Chrotogonini I.
Bolivar, 1904
Bolivar, I. 1904. Bol. R. Soc. Esp.
Hist. Nat. 4:90.
Diagnosis : Body usually depressed
and usually rather strongly rugose (sometimes with plicate, longitudinal
tubercles); coloration mottled brown or greyish; fastigium of vertex usually
(but not always) short, blunt, broad; terminal segments of antennae incrassate,
fused or partly so, often pitted; tegmina (when present) usually with small
nodules on main veins; hind wings hyaline (sometimes faintly bluish) or
infumated only; prosternum with reflexed, collar like anterior margin and double tubercle; epiphallus with
lateral plates having wide, basal, externo-lateral expansions, very strong,
laterally directed lophi, and widely
divergent appendices; ectophallus with wide basal emargination, short, broad
ventral process, and central membrane of cingulum rather extensive subquadrate
or sub-rectangular; aedeagal sclerites rather slender and acute, gonopore basal
or medial.
Key to genera of the tribe Chrotogonini I.
Bolivar
Body strongly depressed; dorsum of pronotum
strongly tuberculate; middle femur short, much shorter than head and pronotum
together; hind femur with lower basal lobe longer than upper lobe; hind tibial
spurs shorter than basal tarsal semment; arolium large; valve of cingulum
narrow ……………………..........…… Chrotogonus Serville, 1838 ̶ - Body
slightly depressed; dorsum of pronotum never strongly tuberculate; middle femur
thin and strongly elongated, as long as or longer than head and pronotum
together; hind femur with lower basal lobe shorter than upper lobe; hind tibial
spurs longer than basal tarsal segment arolium large; valve of cingulum broad
……...…… Tenuitarsus Bolivar, 1904
Key to species of Chrotogonus
Serville, 1838
1. Tegmina
slightly reaching near apex of hind knee ; wings hyaline, slightly shorter
than tegmina …. ......................................... armatus
Steinmann, 1965
̶ Tegmina surpassing the apex of hind knee;
much shorter than the length of
tegmina ; aedeagus rather broad with sclerites and valves rather
blunt apically …….................…………….... oxypterus Blanchard, 1836
Genus Chrotogonus
Serville, 1838
Serville. 1838. Hist. nat. des insectes.
Orthoprteres 702.
Navas. 1904. Bol. Soc. Arag. Cienc.
Nat. 3: 133.
Diagnosis : Small and robust; body
depressed, integument strongly tuberculate; antennae thick, slightly widening
in apical half, shorter than head and pronotum together; fastigium of vertex
short, angular, concave; apical fastigial
areolae large, with sharp marginal carinulae; occipital carina present; frontal
ridge between antennae strongly
compressed and protruding forwards, with slit-like sulcus, below almost
obliterated. Pronotum above flattened, with posterior angle of lateral lobes
spread sidewise, strongly tuberculate, with irregular, interrupted, median and
lateral carinae, crossed by three sulci; metazona longer than prozona, its
posterior margin angular; anterior margin of prosternum strongly expanded,
collar like, covering lower part of mouth with a pair of posterior lateral
tubercles; elytra and wings fully developed, shortened and vestigial; tympanum
absent or vestigial; hind femur moderately slender; hind tibiae depressed and
expanded towards apex; external apical spine absent; internal pair of spurs much longer than external; arolium of
medium size; male supra anal plate angular; cersus short, obtusely conical;
subgenital plate short, subconical, with obtuse apex; epiphallus with large,
strongly curved, acute lophi.
Chrotogonus (Chrotogonus) oxypterus (Blanchard,
1836) (Image 6; Fig. 6)
Blanchard,
1836. Ann. Soc.
Ent. Fr. 5: 622.
Walker,
F. 1870. 4: 793.
Bolivar, I.
1902. Ann. Soc, ent. Fr.
70: 603.
Kirby,
1901. 3 (2): 301.
Morphological
Characters: Small to medium sized
insect. Body becomes robust and compressed. Antennae
filliform, nine segmented, shorter than head and pronotum together. Head and pronotum more tuberculated. Tegmina
surpassing the tip of hind femur, veins with small tubercles. Hind femur stout, reaching up to the tip of abdomen. Hind
tibiae nearly equal to hind femur with eight outer and nine internal spines.
Male
genitalia: Supra anal plate angular with broad and short epiproct, cerci as
long as or slightly longer than the epiproct, obtusely conical at apex,
paraproct broad and slightly longer than epiproct. Subgenital
plate triangular and conical at the end. Epiphallus bridge shaped,
bridge moderately slender, slightly wider and long; anterior projection
prominent with angular tip; lateral plates separated medially, lophi with
curved apices, apex acute; lateral appendices rod shaped and hooked at the end,
apex pointed and reaching the tip of lophi. Aedeagus, apical valve slightly
upcurved, apex pointed, longer than basal vave. Basal valve broad, much wide at
base.
Material
Examined: Reg. no. 138, 8 males, 3.x.2011, on grasses, Arunachal Pradesh, East
Siang, Pasighat, coll. M.I. Khan.
Morphometry:
(length in mm)
Male: Body
15.23, Tegmina 5.31, Pronotum 4.34, Hind femur 8.31
Distribution: Bangladesh, India (Andhra
Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Madhya
Pradesh, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh & West Bengal), and Sri Lanka
Chrotogonus (Chrotogonus) armatus Steinmann,
1965
(Image 7; Fig.
7)
Steinmann.
1965. Mus. Praze. 36: 293.
Kevan,
1977. 16:
539.
Morphological
Characters: Body yellowish
brown with metazona of pronotum and mid of hind femur outer and upper surface
white. Antennae eleven
segmented, shorter than head and pronotum together. Lateral carina of pronotum
represented by weak lines only in metazona.
Tegmina slightly reaching up to the apex of hind
femur. Hind tibiae with seven outer and eight inner
spines.
Male
genitalia: Supra anal plate angular with broad and long epiproct, cerci shorter
than the epiproct, broad and obtusely rounded at apex, paraproct is also broader
and as long as or slightly longer than the epiproct. Subgenital plate broad and
rounded at the apex. Epihallus
bridge shaped, bridge more slender, slightly narrow and elongated; anterior
projection less prominent; lateral plates separated medially, lophi with curved
apices, apex acute; lateral appendices rod shaped and hooked at the end, apex
expanded and crossing the tip of lophi.
Aeadegus apical valve narrow, tubular, as long as basal valve, basal valve broad, wide.
Material
Examined: Reg. no. 139, 5 males, 2.x.2011, on grasses, Arunachal Pradeh, East
Siang, Pasighat, coll. M.I. Khan.
Morphometry: (length in mm)
Male: Body 15.12, Tegmina 5.29, Pronotum 4.43, Hind
femur 8.21
Distribution: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India (Andhra
Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Jammu & Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh & West Bengal), Nepal and Pakistan.
Genus Tenuitarsus
Blivar, 1904
Bolivar, I. 1904. Bol. R. Soc. Esp.
Hist. Nat. 4: 90.
Bey- Bienko & Mistshenko. 1951. 1: 279
[296].
Diagnosis: Small and slender; body slightly depressed,
integument rugose and hairy; antennae in apical half thickened, with fused
segments, shorter than head and pronotum together; fastigium of vertex short,
sloping forwards, slightly concave, with obtuse angular apex and deep; large
apical fastigial areolae and sharp
marginal carinulae; weak occipital carina present; frontal ridge between
antennae compressed and protruding forwards, with slit-like sulcus, below
almost obliterated. Pronotum subcylindrical, widening backwards, tuberculate,
with weak linear median carina, crossed by three sulci, lateral carinae absent,
metazona about as long as prozona, its posterior margin rounded; anterior
margin of prosternum strongly expanded, collar like, covering lower part of mouth;
elytra and wings fully developed; tympanum absent; middle femur and tibiae
elongated, thin; hind femur slender, with lower basal lobe slightly shorter
than upper one; hind tibiae slightly expanded in apicl half; external apical
spine absent; spurs of hind tibiae strongly elongated, longer than basal tarsal
segment, thin, internal pair longer than external; all tarsi thin, slightly
elongated; arolium very small; male supra anal plate angular; cercus short,
obtusely conical; subgenital plate short, widely subconical; epiphallus with
large lophi, moderately curved at apices.
The genus is represented by a single species from this
region.
Tenuitarsus orientalis Kevan, 1959
(Image 8; Fig. 8)
Kevan,
1959. Publ. Cult.
Comp. Diamant. Angola. 43: 21.
Kevan. 1977.
16: 532.
Shishodia,
Chandra & Gupta. 2010. Rec. Zool. Surv. India,
Misc. Pub., 314: 135.
Kumar, Usmani
& Kumari. 2014. J. Entomol. Res. Soc. 16(1):
23.
Morphological
Characters: Body slightly
depressed, integument rugose and hairy; antennae shorter than head and pronotum
together; fastigium of vertex short, slightly concave; large apical fastigial
areolae and sharp marginal carinulae.
Pronotum subcylindrical, widening backwards, tuberculate, with weak linear
median carina, crossed by three sulci, lateral carinae absent, metazona about
as long as prozona, its posterior margin rounded; elytra and wings fully
developed; middle femur and tibiae elongated, thin; hind femur slender, with
lower basal lobe slightly shorter than upper one; hind tibiae slightly expanded
in apical half.
Male
genitalia: Supra anal plate angular with broad and small triangular epiproct,
cerci as long as or slightly longer than the epiproct and obtusely conical at
apex, paraproct also broader and equally or smaller than the epiproct. Subgenital plate broad and rounded at the apex. Epiphallus
bridge shaped, bridge small and slightly wider; anterior projection less
prominent with conical apex; lateral plates separated medially, lophi with
curved apices, apex obtusely conical; lateral appendices rod shaped and pointed
at the apex and crossing the tip of lophi. Aedeagus, apical valve much
narrower, apex obtuse, as long as basal valve, basal valve uniformaly broad, wide
at base.
Female
genitalia: Supra anal plate short, broad, wider than long, apex rounded, cercus
short, broad, slightly longer than wide, apex obtuse, much shorter than supra
anal plate. Subgenital plate, posterior margin smooth, round, without setae,
egg-guide cone shaped, longer than wide, apex obtuse. Spermatheca, single
apical diverticulum which is S- shaped, tubular and
uniformly broad. Ovipositor, dorsal valve short, broad, apical tip rounded,
external edge serrated, much shorter than lateral apodeme, ventral valve short,
uniformly broad, apical tip obtusely rounded.
Material
Examined: Reg. no. 140, 6 females, 31.i.2009, in paddy field, Assam, Guwahati,
Bongra, 15 males, 28-X-2008, on paddy field, Assam, Lakhimpur, North Lakhimpur,
coll. M.I. Khan.
Morphometry:
(length in mm)
Male: Body
20.43, Tegmina 5.16, Pronotum 4.19, Hind femur 12.17
Female: Body
23.64, Tegmina 6.32, Pronotum 5.32, Hind femur 13.75
Distribution: Bhutan, India (Assam, Arunachal
Pradesh, West Bengal & Rajasthan), Myanmar, and Pakistan.
Genus Tagasta Bolívar,
1905
Bolivar, I. 1905. Bol. R. Soc. Esp.
Hist. Nat. 5: 111.
Willemse, 1928. Zool. Mededelingen
(Leiden). 11(1): 5.
Diagnosis: Body slightly
compressed. Head conical, shorter than the pronotum, tempora widened in front,
only separated by a short suture, front very oblique, frontal ridge much
flattened, hardly sulcated, shortly compressed between the antennae; the latter
concolorous, filiform and inserted between the eyes. Eyes rounded; ocelli
distinct, cheeks granulated. Pronotum pubescent, roundly truncate in front,
obtusely angulated, with the median carina very slightly indicated, lateral
carinae obsolete; the prozona considerably longer then the metazona; the lower
margin oblique, subsinuate bordered with whitish, the anal angle obtuse nearly
rectangular. Tegmina not or scarcely longer than the hind femora, with costal
area considerably expanded near the base. Wings distinctly shorter than the
tegmina, red or hyaline. Legs long and slender; hind tibiae
with rounded spines. Female. Subgenital plate smooth,
without setae.
The genus is represented by a single species from this
region.
Tagasta indica Bolívar,
1905 (Image 9; Fig. 9)
Bolivar, I.
1905. Bol. R. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 5:
112-114.
Morphological
Characters: Oilvaceous in
colour; fastigium of vertex equilaterally triangular; antennae inserted near
the eyes; pronotum rounded in front and obtusely angulated behind; median
carina almost and lateral carinae wholly absent; tegmina as long as hind
femora, with a brown spot at the base; hind wings one-fifth shorter than
tegmina.
Female
genitalia: Supra anal plate broad, as long as wide, apex rounded, cercus short,
broad basally, narrow apically, one and half time as long as wide, apex
obtusely rounded. Subgenital plate, smooth without setae, egg-guide broad
basally, narrowing apically, slightly less than two times as long as wide, apex
rounded. Spermatheca with single diverticulum, long,
uniformly broad, S-shaped. Ovipositor, dorsal valve long, broad,
slightly longer than lateral apodeme, external edge serrated, apical tip
pointed, ventral valve long, uniformly broad, apical tip long, obtusely
rounded.
Material
Examined: Reg. no. 141, 13 females, 21.x.2008, on paddy field, Meghalaya, Rai
Bhoi, Umran, coll. M.I. Khan.
Morphometry:
(length in mm)
Female:
Body 33.57, tegmina 21.91, pronotum 8.54, hind femur 18.71.
Distribution:
Bhutan, India (Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Nagaland. Sikkim, Tripura, & West
Bengal), and Myanmar.
Genus Pseudomorphacris Carl, 1916
Carl, 1916. Revue
Suisse de Zool. 24(6): 465.
Kevan, 1963. Ent. Monthly
mag. 98: 208.
Kevan, 1977. 16:
345.
Diagnosis: Body of medium size,
somewhat depressed; integument rugose, antennae slightly compressed, shorter
than head and pronotum together, inserted only a short distance in front of
ocelli. Fastigium of vertex flattened,
usually long acute. Apical areolae
poorly developed. Head subconical,
elongated, shorter than pronotum. Frons oblique. Frontal
ridge sulcate with obtuse lateral carinae. Pronotum elongated, slightly widening
backwards, dorsum slightly flattened, crossed by three cerci, median carina and
lateral carina weak; metazona shorter than prozona, posterior margin obtuse
angular; infero-posterior angle of lateral pronotal lobe strongly acute. Prosternum with anterior margin thickened,
completely lacking tubercles. Prosternal process cylindrical. Tegmina fully developed, usually tapered and
pointed. Posterior tibia round and have
superior obtuse lobes, posterior tibial spine rather sharp and long; hind
tarsal segment not elongate, external apical spine present, arolium of moderate
size. Male supra anal plate elongate, apex obtusely rounded, subgenital plate
elongate, apex rounded.
The genus is represented by a single species from this
region.
Pseudomorphacris notata (Brunner
von Wattenwyl, 1893) (Image 10; Fig. 10)
Brunner von
Wattenwyl. 1893. Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova.
213(33): 130.
Bolivar, I.
1905. Bol. R. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 5:
112.
Kirby,
1910. 3(2): 330.
Morphological
Characters: Body-form more slender and stout than Atractomorpha Saussure
and Tagasta Bolivar. Head somewhat narrower at base; tegmina at rest
reaching approximately to hind knee, with a black spot with yellow tinge at the base; hind
wings distinctly purplish, not falling far short of tegmina when at rest; hind
tibiae pink; male cerci, in lateral view, less strongly curved or bent.
Male genitalia: Supra anal plate elongate, one and
half times long as wide, apex obtusely rounded, cercus elongate, twice as long
as wide, broad basally, narrowing apically, apex obtusely rounded. Subgenital plate elongated, apex
rounded. Epiphallus,
anchore short, lophi triangular, dorso-lateral appandages tubular. Aedeagus, apical valve narrow, tubular,
slightly excurved, apex obtuse, basal valve uniformaly
broad, as long as apical valve.
Female genitalia: Supra anal plate short, broad, wider
than long, apex obtusely rounded, cercus short, broad basally, narrowing
apically, longer than wide, apex obtuse.
Subgenital plate, posterior margin straight, smooth without setae,
egg-guide elongate, narrowing apically, twice as long as wide, apex
pointed. Spermatheca with single apical
diverticulum, uniformaly broad, curved.
Ovipositor, dorsal valve broad, external edge slightly serrated, three
times as long as wide, distinctly shorter than lateral apodeme, apical tip
pointed, ventral valve uniformaly broad, apical tip obtuse.
Material Examined: Reg. no. 142, 23 females, 18 males,
21.x.2011, on grasses, Tripura, Pencharthal (North Tripura), 13 females, 9
males, 25-X-2011, on grasses, Mizoram, Aizwal, coll. M.I. Khan.
Morphometry: (length in mm)
Male: Body 25.42, tegmina 8.18, pronotum 5.27,
hind femur 6.71.
Female: Body 28.73, tegmina 9.27, pronotum
6.71, hind femur 7.83.
Distribution: Bangladesh, India (Assam, Mizoram, &
Tripura), Myanmar, and Thailand.
References
Ajaili, A.A. & M.K. Usmani (1994). Taxonomic significance of
male subgenital plate in some Libyan Grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acridoidea).
Sebha University Journal, Part B 1: 5–12.
Ayyar,
T.V.R. (1940). Handbook of Entomology for South India. Government Press, Madras, 1pl+xx+528pp.
Bhowmik,
H.K. (1964). On a new species of Eyprepocnemis (Insecta: Orthoptera:
Acrididae) from India. Journal of the Bombay
Natural History Society 32: 89–96.
Bhowmik, H.K. & P. Halder (1983). Preliminary
distributional records with remarks on little known species of Acrididae
(Orthoptera: Insecta) from the western Himalayas (Himachal Pradesh). Records of the Zoological Survey of India 81: 167–191.
Chopard,
L. (1924a). On some
cavernicolous Orthoptera and Dermaptera from Assam & Burma. Records of the Indian Museum 26: 81–92.
Chopard,
L. (1924b). The fauna of
an island in the Chilka Lake: the Dermaptera and Orthoptera of Barkuda Islands.
Records of the Indian Museum 26: 168–191.
Dirsh,
V.M. (1956a). Preliminary revision of the genus Catantops Schaun and
review of the group Catantopini (Orthoptera: Acrididae). Companhia de Diamantes de Angola, Serviços Culturais
Dundo-Lunda-Angola, Lisbon 28: 11–150.
Dirsh,
V.M. (1956b). The phallic complex in Acridoidea (Orthoptera) in relation to
taxonomy. Transactions of the Royal Entomological
Society of London 108: 223–356.
Dirsh,
V.M. (1957a). The spermatheca as a taxonomic character in Acridoidea
(Orthoptera). Proceedings of the Entomological
Society of London (A) 32: 107–114.
Dirsh,
V.M. (1957b). Two new genera of Acridoidea (Orthoptera). Annals & Magazine of Natural History 10: 860–862.
Dirsh, V.M. & B.P. Uvarov (1953). Tree locusts of the genus
Anacridium (Orthoptera: Acrididae). Eos
Madrid 29(1): 7–69.
Herrera, L. & S. Schnidrig (1983). Andropigios de los
Ortópteros de Navarra (Orthoptera). Boletín de la
Real Sociedad Española de Historia Natural (Sección Biológica) 10: 1–52.
Kevan,
D.K. McE., S.S. Akbar & Y.C. Chang (1970). The concealed copulatory structures of the
Pyrgomorphidae (Orth. Acridoidea), Part II - Tribes Fijipyrgini, Verduliini,
Brumiiellini, Psednurini, Mitricephalini, Geloimi, Saggittacridini,
Gymnohippini and Malagasphenini. Eos Madrid 45:
173–228.
Kirby,
W.F. (1910). A Synonymic Catalogue of Orthoptera (Orthoptera Saltatoria).
London, ix+674pp.
Kirby,
W.F. (1914). The Fauna
of British India, including Ceylon and Burma, Orthoptera (Acridiidae)
1. London, ix+276pp.
Kumar,
H., M.K. Usmani & R. Kumari (2014).
Taxonomic significance of male supra-anal plate, cerci and
subgenital plate in the classification of Indian Pyrgomorphidae (Orthoptera:
Pyrgomorphoidea). Journal of the Entomological
Research Society 16(1): 21–26.
Meinodas, K., S.A. Shafee & M.K. Usmani
(1982). Taxonomic significance of spermatheca in some Indian grasshoppers
(Orthoptera: Acrididae). Journal of the Bombay
Natural History Society 79(2): 331–335.
Slifer, E.H. & R.L. King (1936). An internal structure in
the Crytacanthacridinae (Orthoptera, Acrididae) of possible taxonomic value.
Journal of the New York Entomological Society 44:
345–348.
Slifer,
E.H. (1939). The internal genetalia of female Acridinae, Oedipodinae and
Pauliniinae (Orthoptera, Acrididae). Journal of
Morphology 65: 437–470.
Slifer,
E.H. (1940). The internal genetalia of female Ommexechinae and
Crytacanthacridinae. Journal of Morphology 67:
199–240.
Slifer,
E. H. (1943). The internal genetalia of some previous unstudied species of female
Acrididae (Orthoptera). Journal of Morphology
72: 225–237.
Tandon, S.K. & M.S. Shishodia (1969). On a collection of
Acridoidea (Orthoptera) from the Nagarjuna Sagar Dam Area. Oriental Insects 3(3): 265–267.
Tandon,
S.K. (1976). A check-list of the Acridoidea. Records of Zoological Survey
of India, Occasional Paper No. 3: 1–48
Tandon, S.K. & M.S. Shishodia (1989). Fauna of Orissa, State
Fauna Series 1, Part 2. Zoological Survey
of India, 93–145pp.
Usmani, M.K. & A.A. Ajaili (1993). Taxonomic significance of
Aedeagus in some Libyan Grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acridoidea). Indian Journal of Systematic Entomology 10(1): 5–10.
Usmani, M.K. &
S.A. Shafee (1985). A new species of the genus Ramakrishnaia
I. Bolivar (Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidae) from India. International
Journal of Entomological Research 27(3): 204–207.
Uvarov, B.P. (1925). Grasshoppers
(Orthoptera: Acrididae) from the Mount Everest. Annals
and Magazine of Natural History 16(9): 165–173.
Uvarov, B.P. (1929). Acrididen
(Orthoptera) aus Sud-Indien. Revue suisse de
Zoologie 36: 533–563.
Key to the tribes of the family
Pyrgomorphidae Brunner (After Kevan & Akbar 1964)
Body usually depressed and usually rather
strongly rugose (sometimes with plicate, longitudinal tubercles); coloration
mottled brown or grayish; fastigium of vertex usually (but not always) short,
blunt, broad; terminal segments of antennae incrassate, fused or partly so,
often pitted; tegmina (when present) usually with small nodules on main veins;
hind wings hyaline (sometimes faintly bluish) or infumated only; prosternum
with reflexed, collar-like anterior margin and “double” tubercle; [phallic
structures rather unspecialized; epiphallus with lateral plates having wide,
basal, externo-lateral expansions, very strong, laterally directed lophi, and
widely divergent appendices; ectophallus with wide basal emargination, short,
broad ventral process, and central membrane of cingulum rather extensive,
subquadrate or sub-rectangular; aedeagal scterites rather slender and acute,
gonopore basal or mesal]
…........……...................................................................................
Chrotogonini Bolivar, 1904
̶ Note as above
………………............................................................................................................................…………………….....
2
Head acutely conical, fastigium of vertex
usually long, acute; antennae inserted distinctly in front of ocelli; tegmina
usually fully developed, usually very tapered and pointed, brachypterous forms
somewhat depressed (especially in female), strongly micropterous or apterous
forms unknown; inferior margin of lateral pronotal lobe very straight and
usually beset with small, fine, even, granular tubercles; infero-external area
of hind femur expanded, often considerably so, and displaced subventrally;
posterior tibial spines rather long and sharp;[epiphallus anchor-like, or with
lateral plates widely expanded and lophi bifid (when aedeagal valves are
strongly decurved apically), or of more orthodox form (when aedeagal valves
bear large, prominent dorsal processes and aedeagal sclerites are slightly
decurved apically)] ……..................................................................................………… 3
̶ Not combining the above characters;
antennae not usually inserted distinctly in front of ocelli, sometimes even
behind them; tegmina, if fully developed, not usually very tapered and pointed,
strongly micropterous and apterous forms frequent, brachypterous forms seldom
(and, if body depressed, never) with the inferior margin of the lateral
pronotal lobe remarkably straight and granular; infero-external area of hind
femur not, or but little, expanded and displaced; posterior tibial spines
usually shorter and blunter; [phallic structures without the above special
features, if somewhat anchor-like, then very broadly so and aedeagal valves
greatly enlarged (small apterous species)] ........................................................................
Tagastini Bolivar, 1905
Body rather heavy, somewhat depressed
(especially in female), antennae inserted only a short distance in front of
ocelli; infero-posterior angle of lateral pronotal lobe strongly acute; hind
tarsal segments not elongate; male cerci rather specialized; [epiphallus with
broad, wing-like lateral plates and lophi bifid; ectophallus with ventral
process very short and pointed; endopallic apodemes with very long, forwardly
directed ventral processes, aedeagal valves and sclerites very long and
strongly decurved]; Southeast Asia only
................................................................................. Pseudomorphacridini Kevan
& Akbar, 1964
̶ Body
less robust, not depressed, or, if slightly so (some females), hind tarsal
segments elongate; antennae usually inserted well in advance of ocelli;
infero-posterior angle of lateral pronotal lobe not strongly acute; male cerci
unspecialized; [phallic structures not as above; ventral process of ectophallus
moderately long, very broad and subtruncated apically]; widespread in Old World
……...……..………..…...........................................................................................................
Atractomorphini Bolivar, 1905
Key to species of Atractomorpha
Saussure, 1862
Eyes comparatively long, elongate oval
.................................................................................................................................
2
- Eyes comparatively
short, round oval or void ..…….............................................................................…...…………………………..
3
Build rather short and moderatey stout; head
and pronotum relatively short; fastigium of vertex shorter; lateral pronotal
lobe fairly deep, without a membranous area in metazona; aedeagal valve long
and slender and curved upward in lateral view …..……...……………………..............................................................................................................................…………
burri Bolivar, 1905
-- Build
very slender; head and pronotum relatively long; fastigium of vertex arrower
and longer; lateral pronotal lobe shallower, sometimes with a small membranous
area in the metazona; aedeagal valves longer and more strongly curved
................................................................................................................................................................................
psittacina (Haan, 1842)
Generally rather small; fastigium of vertex
often comparatively short; membranous area in metazona of lateral pronotal lobe usually very
distinct in female and well indicated in male; hind wings normally tyrian pink
to light mallow purple or pale magenta at base, but quite often rather havily
infumated; aedaegal valve small and short .................... himalayica
(Bolivar, 1905)
-̶ Size range variable; fastigium of vertex
usually comparatively somewhat longer than above; membranous area in metazona
of lateral pronotal lobe variably developed, often less distinct than above;
hind wings pinkish to rose red or rose at base, less frequently infumated;
aedeagal valve slightly shorter or slightly longer ……..………………............................………………………………..
4
4. Size as a rule a little smaller, body length
often less than 20mm in male and 30mm in female; fastigium of vertex generally narrower apically and less flat dorsally;
hind wings rose red, not infrequently infumated, at least basally; aedeagal
sclerites and aedeagal valves slightly shorter and less gradually tapered
…………………..….....................…........……..……….. angusta
Karsch, 1888
̶ Size
generally a little larger, body length usually more than 20mm in male and 30mm
in female; fastigium of vertex usually rather broad and generally very flat
dorsally; hind wings rose red or rose, not frequently infumated; aedaegal
sclerites and aedaegal valves slightly longer and more gradually tapered
…………......................................................……. sinensis
Bolivar, 1905
