Journal of Threatened
Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 April 2018 | 10(5): 11636–11651
An annotated checklist of the birds
of the upper Siang region, Arunachal Pradesh, India
Anirban
Datta-Roy 1, Vivek Ramachandran 2 & Karthik
Teegalapalli 3
1 Ashoka
Trust for Research in Ecology and Environment (ATREE), Royal
Enclave Sriramapura, Jakkur Post, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560064, India
1 Manipal
Academy of Higher Education, Tiger Circle Road, Madhav Nagar, Manipal,
Karnataka 576104, India
2,3 National Centre for Biological Science
(NCBS-TIFR), GKVK Post, Bellary
Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560065, India
1 anirban.d.roy@gmail.com
(corresponding author), 2 vivek667@gmail.com, 3 karthik.teegalapalli@gmail.com
Abstract: We present the most comprehensive list of birds for
the upper Siang region based on surveys and opportunistic observations from
2010 to 2016. Of the 252 species
recorded for this region, we report 66 for the first time, including six
globally threatened species. The
presence of migratory waterfowl indicates the importance of the Siang Valley as
a migratory route. We also
emphasise the importance of mixed-use shifting cultivation landscapes outside
protected areas in sustaining bird diversity. Further focused surveys in remote parts
of this landscape are required to fully understand the biodiversity
significance of this region in the face of emerging large-scale threats.
Keywords: Eastern Himalaya, new records, northeastern India,
secondary forests, shifting cultivation, Siang, Tsangpo.
doi: http://doi.org/10.11609/jott.3784.10.5.11636-11651 |
ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:FD14FD5A-AA8C-4DB0-B307-286B95B6FEF6
Editor: Carol Inskipp,
Bishop Auckland Co., Durham, UK. Date
of publication: 26 April 2018 (online & print)
Manuscript
details: Ms # 3784 | Received 09 September 2017
| Final received 08 February 2018 | Finally accepted 10 April 2018
Citation: Datta-Roy, A., V. Ramachandran &
K. Teegalapalli (2018). An
annotated checklist of the birds of the upper Siang region, Arunachal
Pradesh, India. Journal of Threatened
Taxa 10(5): 11636–11651; http://doi.org/10.11609/jott.3784.10.5.11636-11651
Copyright: Š Datta-Roy et al. 2018.
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. JoTT allows
unrestricted use of this article in any medium, reproduction and distribution
by providing adequate credit to the authors and the source of publication.
Funding: Rufford
Small Grants Foundation; Department of Science and Technology, Government of
India.
Competing interests: The authors declare no
competing interests.
Acknowledgements:
We would like to thank
Narendra Patil and Dr. Rohit Naniwadekar for contributing their unpublished sightings
during the survey period to this checklist. We are extremely thankful to the people
of the study villages, especially Bomdo Village, the primary study
location. Without their hospitality
and friendship, the study would not have been possible. We also thank Mr. Tsering of Tuting for
his invaluable help in the Yangsang Valley. For help in the field, we thank Gekut
Medo, Chungger Medo, Army Duggong and Togore Menjo. We acknowledge the support from the
Arunachal Pradesh Forest Department, especially from Mr. Pekyom Ringu, Mr. S.
Manyu, Mr. Bittem Darang and Mr. Kopang Takuk. We gratefully acknowledge a grant from
the Rufford Foundation which helped fund the majority of the study. VR acknowledges funding from the
Department of Science and Technology, Government of India.
Arunachal Pradesh is located at the easternmost bend of the Himalayan
range where it turns southeast. The
state is bordered by China to the north, Bhutan to the west, and Myanmar to the
east. It is the largest state in
northeastern India in terms of land area (83,743km2) and also the
most sparsely populated in the country with a population density of just 13
people per square kilometer, most of whom practise subsistence
cultivation. More than 96% of the
state is hilly in nature with many streams and rivers flowing from the
glaciers in the north to join the Brahmaputra River in Assam to the south (Anonymous 2006).
This region is located in the Indo-Myanmar Global Biodiversity Hotspot
and shows an incredible diversity of flora and fauna some of which is still
being discovered (Datta et al. 2003; Sinha
et al. 2005; Athreya 2006; Tamang et al. 2006). In terms of avifauna, this region is one
of the richest in the world, with 869 species at last count and three new
species descriptions within the last decade (Kumar
& Singh 2003; Athreya 2006; Alstrm et al. 2016; Lepage 2017). The steep terrain,
high rainfall and problems with connectivity, however, ensure that many parts
of the state are still relatively unexplored.
The Siang River Valley is one of the prominent regions for floral and
faunal diversity in Arunachal Pradesh.
The river Tsangpo enters India in the north from Tibet (China) to become
the Siang and cuts deep through the mountains to emerge as the primary
tributary of the Brahmaputra. This
valley attains a unique character as the river carves through the snow-laden mountain
ranges to depths as low as 300m), ÔcarryingÕ wet tropical conditions very close
to the northern mountain ranges (Birand
& Pawar 2004).
The earliest bird records for these areas were restricted to the lower
reaches of the valley closer to the plains of Assam, due to lack of access (Baker 1913; Stevens 1915; Ludlow & Kinnear 1944). The first comprehensive avian survey
that included the upper Siang Valley was by Katti et al. (1992) who identified 116 species for this region. The biodiversity potential of Arunachal
Pradesh was becoming more apparent when a review by Singh (1994) reported 519 species for the state of Arunachal
Pradesh at a time when detailed surveys had hardly been conducted in most
areas. Bird surveys in Arunachal
Pradesh have tended to concentrate on its western (Pakke Tiger Reserve,
Eaglenest Wildlife Sanctuary) and eastern (Namdapha National Park) borders due
to easier access, and had neglected the north-central regions of the Siang and
the Dibang valley except for rare surveys by Salim Ali (Ali & Ripley 1948). Subsequent surveys by Sen &
Mukhopadhyay (1999), Singh in Haridasan et al. (1999), Birand & Pawar (2004), Naoroji &
Sangha (2006), Choudhury (2010) and Mize et al. (2014) has helped in
presenting the remarkable diversity of species that are found in this
area. Most of these surveys,
however, have had the disadvantage of working within a short period of dry
weather in the winter, which provides only a limited picture of the seasonal
migrants. The current survey is the most comprehensive list of birds for
this area with numerous species that have not been reported earlier.
Materials and Methods
Field surveys were conducted primarily in the district of Upper Siang in
the Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh, which is inhabited by people belonging
to the Adi tribe (Fig. 1; Image 1).
A few observations were made along the road which largely follows the
Siang River between Pasighat in the plains to Upper Siang while passing through
areas of East Siang District. While
the majority of the fieldwork was conducted in the study village of Bomdo,
various other villages and locations in the district were visited at different
times. Towards the northeastern
part of the district, the remote Yangsang River valley was visited on three
separate occasions. The other
prominent areas visited included the villages of Ramsing, Karko, Shimong,
Jengging and Yingkiong to the south and Gelling, Tuting, Migging and Janbo to
the north (Fig. 2). Except for the
study village of Bomdo, information on birds in all other areas was based on
opportunistic encounters.
Records of bird presence were obtained over repeated visits from 2010 to
2016 between the months of November to May. Unlike previous surveys in this area
which lasted from 20 days to a month, we spent a minimum of six months during
the survey years in this landscape.
Except for Chettri et al. (2006) who were surveying
for raptors, no other study in the region went beyond the month of April. Detections were based on visual
identification, calls, and identification of dead birds hunted by locals. Fieldwork consisted of walks along
established trails and roads across a range of habitats such as primary and
secondary forests, agricultural areas, riverine areas, plantations, etc. Point counts were conducted in the first
year at the primary study village and all subsequent sightings were based on
opportunistic detections. Walks
would typically be conducted early in the morning and end only around late
afternoon.
The survey areas ranged from 300m near the Siang to ~2000m in some of
the villages located in the Yangsang River valley. It has to be emphasized that the surveys
were conducted entirely in community-managed lands outside protected
areas. This consisted of old growth
forests and a matrix of shifting cultivation fields and fallows, secondary
forests and plantations. It bears mentioning here that the survey locations in
the Yangsang River valley were all located on the left bank of the Siang River
while all other survey locations in the Adi area were located on the right
bank. The locations of species
relative to the Siang River has been provided in the species table.
We have referred to Praveen et al. (2016) as the taxonomic
basis for the nomenclature of the species that we have reported here. For identification of birds in the
field, we used Kazmierczak & Perlo (2008), Grimmett et al. (2016) and Robson (2000). Calls were cross-checked against the
online database at http://www.xeno-canto.org/.
Results
A total of 252 species was identified for this region (Images 2–18). While the majority of identifications
were done through field surveys based on sightings and calls, a few species
were identified from dead specimens that had been killed by local hunters. Among the species recorded, five species
(3 Vulnerable, 1 Endangered and 1 Near Threatened) are included in the IUCN Red
List of Globally Threatened Bird Species (IUCN
2017). Birds belonged to 63 families and 17
orders with 66 species being reported for the first time from this region (IUCN 2017). We
recorded nine species of cuckoos from this region, none of which had been
recorded earlier. We also recorded
the presence of migrating waterfowl such as Greylag Goose Anser anser
and Mallard Anas platyrhynchos which have not been reported earlier from
the Siang Valley. The most common
families in this region were Muscicapidae (27 species), Leiothrecidae (22),
Accipitridae (13 species) and Cuculidae (10 species). Detailed accounts are provided for 16
species and two species groups below.
We chose to group similar species into the two species groups because
they are all new and important records for this area and have been a prominent
absence from existing studies till date.
The other species described below are either new records, rare and
unusual sightings for the region or globally threatened species.
Accounts of species of interest
Migrant Waterfowl (Northern Pintail, Greylag Goose, Common Teal,
Mallard, Little Grebe): Various migratory waterfowl were recorded for the
first time for this region. While
the Little Grebe Tachybaptus ruficollis has been reported earlier by
Naoroji & Sangha (2006) around Gelling, it
was again seen in that same area in a small pond in the village of Norbuling
below Gelling. A flock of
18–20 Northern Pintail Anas acuta were seen swimming in the Siang
River below Bomdo in October 2015.
They appeared to be floating down the river together. Five Greylag Geese Anser anser,
three Common Teal Anas crecca and two Mallards Anas platyrhynchos
were seen in a small pond in the village of Payengdam in the Yangsang Valley in
March 2014. None of these species
have been reported from this region earlier.
Barn Owl (Tyto alba Scopoli, 1769): A stray bird was found close to Bomdo
Village by a villager who caught and photographed it in September (2014). It was identified from the photograph
later. There is no other record for
this species from this region and even villagers claimed to have never seen it
before.
Cuckoos: Nine species of cuckoos were recorded in the landscape, none of which
had been reported earlier. They are
Asian Emerald Chrysococcyx maculatus, Chestnut Winged Clamator
coromandus, Common Hawk Hierococcyx varius, Drongo Surniculus
lugubris, Eurasian Cuculus canorus, Grey-bellied Cacomantis
passerinus, Indian Cuculus micropterus, Lesser Cuculus
poliocephalus and Oriental Cuckoo Cuculus saturatus. All of them were detected after March as
they are not present in the landscape during the winter, a time that also
coincides with all previous bird surveys.
European Starling (Sturnus vulgaris Linnaeus, 1758): A single
stray adult male was seen perched on an electric wire near the terrace fields
of Bomdo on 16 December 2013. A
first record for the Siang Valley.
While there are no records for Arunachal Pradesh, eBird indicates one
record from southern Tibet north of the Siang Valley.
Green Cochoa (Cochoa viridis Hodgson, 1836): One confirmed
sighting of a male was seen in a steep secondary forest patch at the edge of
cultivation area at ~800m in March 2017.
The bird was disturbed by our presence and perched nearby before flying
away. This is the first report for
the Siang Valley, although it has been reported from eastern and western
Arunachal Pradesh earlier.
Grey Sibia (Heterophasia gracilis McClelland, 1840):
Unreported earlier for this region.
Seen in the Yangsang Valley in December close to the village of Simugye
in secondary forests at 1,200m.
Rufous-necked Hornbill (Aceros nipalensis Hodgson, 1829): A dead pair
was brought back by village hunters from mature forest near Mouling National
Park in December 2009. Only one
previous report of this species by Katti et al. from 1992. This species is classified as
ÔVulnerableÕ in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
Wallcreeper (Tichodroma muraria Linnaeus, 1866): An
extended sighting of individual in non-breeding plumage in January 2012 on a
steep rock face abutting the Siang River at ~450m below Bomdo Village. Another individual was seen in November
2015 close to Pangin in East Siang at around 380m. Both sightings were of solitary birds,
relatively unafraid of human presence.
Chestnut Thrush (Turdus rubrocanus Hodgson, 1846): Seen in
areas above 1,500m in the Yangsang Valley in early March 2014. Fairly common at that altitude in
Rhododendron bushes and secondary forests.
Dark-sided Thrush (Zoothera marginata Blyth, 1847): Unrecorded
in this region earlier. A very shy
and silent bird was seen (December 2013) in thick undergrowth beside a small
stream in mature forest at ~600m.
The individual was observed foraging in the shallow stream, probably for
insects or molluscs. Good quality
pictures allowed us to distinguish this species from the similar Long-billed
thrush through the presence of rufous-brown upperparts and wing panel, strongly
patterned sides of head, white eye-ring, contrasting patches on ear coverts and
pale crescent behind ear coverts.
Long-tailed Thrush (Zoothera dixoni Seebohm, 1881): Identified
from a dead specimen trapped by a villager in steep secondary forest close to a
terrace cultivation plot below Bomdo Village.
Black-throated Thrush (Turdus atrogularis Pallas, 1776): Sighted
near Payengdam Village at 1,500m in the Yangsang Valley in early March. Reported earlier from the Mouling area
by Pratap Singh in Haridasan et al. (1999) as the previously recognised
Dark-throated Thrush which included both the Red-throated and Black-throated Thrush
species.
BlythÕs Tragopan (Tragopan blythii Jerdon, 1870):
Identification was made based on the skin of an individual brought back by
hunters from mature forest near the Mouling National Park. Reported to be largely absent around
villages and agriculture but not uncommon in mature forests ~2,000m far from
villages. The individual belonged
to the subspecies Tragopan blythii molesworthi and was consistent with
existing knowledge of the distribution of this subspecies being restricted to
the north of the Brahmaputra.
Beautiful Nuthatch (Sitta formosa Blyth, 1843): Occasional
sightings in winter always among mature forests. Usually seen as part of mixed
flocks consisting of Chestnut bellied Nuthatch Sitta castanea, Cutia Cutia
nipalensis and Lesser Racket-tailed Drongo Dicrurus remifer. This species is also classified as
ÔVulnerableÕ in the IUCN Red List and has been reported earlier by other
surveys from this area.
Black-headed Shrike Babbler (Pteruthius rufiventer Blyth, 1842): Two individuals
sighted in February 2015 once in mature oak forest above 1,500m in a mixed
flock consisting of Cutia and an unidentified Nuthatch close to Mouling
National Park. Reported only once
earlier by Sangha & Naoroji (2007) from a much lower altitude.
Blue-capped Rock Thrush (Monticola cinclorhynchus Vigors, 1832): Seen
rarely in mature forest above Bomdo village in early April, 2013 at ~1,000m. Reported earlier in Siang valley and
Dehang Dibang Biosphere Reserve in two previous surveys as well as in eastern
and western Arunachal Pradesh
Chestnut-tailed Minla (Minla strigula Hodgson, 1837): Sighted a
couple of times only in the Yangsang valley at altitudes between
1,000–1,800 m. A rare bird
for this region which has been reported earlier only by Naoroji & Sangha
(2006) from near Gelling at ~1,000m.
Rufous-backed Sibia (Leioptila annectens Blyth, 1847): One
individual was seen with a hunter from Ramsing who had shot it around 2km north
of the village. Another individual
was seen and also photographed in mixed forest below Bomdo close to the Siang.
Table 1. Checklist of bird species, Red
List status, indicator of first record, location relative to the Siang, time of
year and altitude from the study area
|
Common name |
Scientific name |
Red List status |
First record |
N/S of Siang |
Area |
Month |
Altitude class* |
|
Order: ANSERIFORMES |
|||||||
|
Northen Pintail |
Anas acuta (Linnaeus, 1758) |
Least Concern |
X |
|
On the Siang River |
November |
A |
|
Greylag Goose |
Anser anser (Linnaeus, 1758) |
Least Concern |
X |
S |
Yangsang Valley |
March |
E |
|
Common Teal |
Anas crecca (Linnaeus, 1758) |
Least Concern |
X |
S |
Yangsang Valley |
March |
E |
|
Mallard |
Anas platyrhynchos (Linnaeus, 1758) |
Least Concern |
X |
S |
Yangsang Valley |
March |
E |
|
Order: APODIFORMES |
|||||||
|
Himalayan Swiftlet |
Aerodramus brevirostris (Horsfield, 1840) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
February |
D |
|
White-throated Needletail |
Hirundapus caudacutus (Latham, 1802) |
Least Concern |
X |
N |
Bomdo |
January |
A |
|
White-rumped Spinetail |
Zoonavena sylvatica (Tickell, 1846) |
Least Concern |
X |
N |
Bomdo |
April |
A |
|
Order: BUCEROTIFORMES |
|||||||
|
Rufous-necked Hornbill |
Aceros nipalensis (Hodgson, 1829) |
Vulnerable |
|
N |
Between Bomdo and Mouling |
December |
D |
|
Wreathed Hornbill |
Rhyticeros undulatus (Shaw, 1811) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Near Mouling NP |
November |
E |
|
Order: CHARADRIIFORMES |
|||||||
|
Common Sandpiper |
Actitis hypoleucos Linnaeus, 1758 |
Least Concern |
X |
N |
Siang banks below Bomdo |
February |
A |
|
Green Sandpiper |
Tringa ochropus Linnaeus, 1758 |
Least Concern |
X |
N |
Bomdo |
April |
A |
|
Order: COLUMBIFORMES |
|||||||
|
Emerald Dove |
Chalcophaps indica (Linnaeus, 1758) |
Least Concern |
X |
N |
Between Tuting and Gelling |
February |
D |
|
Rock Pigeon |
Columba livia Gmelin, 1789 |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Common |
February |
B |
|
Mountain Imperial Pigeon |
Ducula badia (Raffles, 1822) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
January |
D |
|
Barred Cuckoo Dove |
Macropygia unchall (Wagler, 1827) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
March |
C |
|
Oriental Turtle Dove |
Streptopelia orientalis (Latham, 1790) |
Least Concern |
|
S |
Yangsang Valley |
December |
D |
|
Pin-tailed Green Pigeon |
Treron apicauda (Blyth, 1846) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
February |
D |
|
Wedge-tailed Green Pigeon |
Treron sphenurus (Vigors, 1832) |
Least Concern |
X |
N |
Ramsing |
February |
D |
|
Order: CORACIIFORMES |
|||||||
|
Blue-eared Kingfisher |
Alcedo meninting (Horsfield, 1821) |
Least Concern |
X |
N |
Siang banks below Bomdo |
January |
A |
|
White-throated Kingfisher |
Halcyon smyrnensis (Linnaeus, 1758) |
Least Concern |
X |
N |
Bomdo |
February |
A |
|
Crested Kingfisher |
Megaceryle lugubris (Temminck, 1834) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
February |
A |
|
Family: CORACIIDAE |
|||||||
|
Indian Roller |
Coracias benghalensis (Linnaeus, 1758) |
Least Concern |
X |
S |
Between Ngamying and Kugging village |
April |
C |
|
Family: MEROPIDAE |
|||||||
|
Green Bee-eater |
Merops orientalis (Latham, 1801) |
Least Concern |
X |
S |
Yangsang Valley |
December |
C |
|
Order: CUCULIFORMES |
|||||||
|
Asian Emerald Cuckoo |
Chrysococcyx maculatus (Gmelin, 1788) |
Least Concern |
X |
N |
Bomdo |
May |
C |
|
Grey-bellied Cuckoo |
Cacomantis passerinus (Vahl, 1797) |
Least Concern |
X |
N |
Bomdo |
May |
B |
|
Greater Coucal |
Centropus sinensis (Stephens, 1815) |
Least Concern |
X |
S |
Yangsang Valley |
December |
D |
|
Chestnut-winged Cuckoo |
Clamator coromandus (Linnaeus, 1766) |
Least Concern |
X |
N |
Bomdo |
May |
B |
|
Common Cuckoo |
Cuculus canorus (Linnaeus, 1758) |
Least Concern |
X |
N |
Bomdo |
April |
B |
|
Indian Cuckoo |
Cuculus micropterus (Gould, 1837) |
Least Concern |
X |
N |
Bomdo |
May |
B |
|
Lesser Cuckoo |
Cuculus poliocephalus (Latham, 1790) |
Least Concern |
X |
N |
Bomdo |
May |
B |
|
Himalayan Cuckoo |
Cuculus saturatus (Blyth, 1843) |
Least Concern |
X |
N |
Bomdo |
April |
A |
|
Common hawk Cuckoo |
Hierococcyx varius (Vahl, 1797) |
Least Concern |
X |
N |
Bomdo |
March |
C |
|
Drongo Cuckoo |
Surniculus lugubris (Horsfield, 1821) |
Least Concern |
X |
N |
Bomdo |
May |
C |
|
Order: FALCONIFORMES |
|||||||
|
Northern Goshawk |
Accipiter gentilis (Linnaeus, 1758) |
Least Concern |
X |
N |
Bomdo |
May |
B |
|
Eurasian Sparrow Hawk |
Accipiter nisus (Linnaeus, 1758) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
January |
D |
|
Crested Goshawk |
Accipiter trivirgatus (Temminck, 1824) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
January |
C |
|
Steppe Eagle |
Aquila nipalensis (Hodgson, 1833) |
Endangered |
X |
N |
Bomdo |
December |
D |
|
Black Baza |
Aviceda leuphotes (Dumont, 1820) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
January |
B |
|
Common Buzzard |
Buteo buteo (Linnaeus, 1758) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
January |
D |
|
Upland Buzzard |
Buteo hemilasius (Temminck & Schlegel, 1844) |
Least Concern |
X |
N |
Bomdo |
January |
D |
|
Himalayan Vulture |
Gyps himalayensis (Hume, 1869) |
Near Threatened |
|
S |
Yangsang Valley |
December |
C |
|
Black Eagle |
Ictinaetus malaiensis (Temminck, 1822) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Gelling |
December |
D |
|
Rufous-bellied Eagle |
Lophotriorchis kienerii (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1835) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
January |
D |
|
Black Kite |
Milvus migrans (Boddaert, 1783) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
May |
B |
|
Oriental Honey Buzzard |
Pernis ptilorhynchus (Temminck, 1821) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
May |
C |
|
Crested Serpent Eagle |
Spilornis cheela (Latham, 1790) |
Least Concern |
|
S |
Yingkiong |
January |
A |
|
Family: FALCONIDAE |
|||||||
|
Lesser Kestrel |
Falco naumanni (Fleischer, 1818) |
Least Concern |
X |
S |
Yangsang Valley |
April |
C |
|
Oriental Hobby |
Falco severus (Horsfield, 1821) |
Least Concern |
X |
S |
Yangsang Valley |
January |
D |
|
Common Kestrel |
Falco tinnunculus (Linnaeus, 1758) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
February |
C |
|
Order: GALLIFORMES |
|||||||
|
Rufous-throated Hill Partridge |
Arborophila rufogularis (Blyth, 1850) |
Least Concern |
X |
N |
Bomdo |
January |
B |
|
Black Francolin |
Francolinus francolinus (Linnaeus, 1766) |
Least Concern |
X |
N |
Bomdo |
November |
C |
|
Red Junglefowl |
Gallus gallus (Linnaeus, 1758) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
December |
C |
|
Kalij Pheasant |
Lophura leucomelanos (Latham, 1790) |
Least Concern |
X |
N |
Bomdo |
January |
D |
|
Blue-breasted Quail |
Synoicus chinensis (Linnaeus, 1766) |
Least Concern |
X |
N |
Bomdo |
November |
D |
|
BlythÕs Tragopan |
Tragopan blythii (Jerdon, 1870) |
Vulnerable |
|
N |
Near Mouling NP |
December |
E |
|
Order: GRUIFORMES |
|||||||
|
Common Moorhen |
Gallinula chloropus (Linnaeus, 1758) |
Least Concern |
X |
N |
Norbuling village near Gelling |
February |
B |
|
Order: PASSERIFORMES |
|||||||
|
Black-throated Tit |
Aegithalos concinnus (Gould, 1855) |
Least Concern |
|
S |
Yangsang Valley |
April |
D |
|
Family: ALAUDIDAE |
|||||||
|
Oriental Skylark |
Alauda gulgula (Franklin, 1831) |
Least Concern |
X |
N |
Yangsang Valley |
December |
D |
|
Family: CAMPEPHAGIDAE |
|||||||
|
Black-winged Cuckooshrike |
Lalage melaschistos (Hodgson, 1836) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
May |
B |
|
Short-billed Minivet |
Pericrocotus brevirostris (Vigors, 1831) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
November |
C |
|
Long-tailed Minivet |
Pericrocotus ethologus (Bangs & Phillips, 1914) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
January |
B |
|
Scarlet Minivet |
Pericrocotus flammeus (Forster, 1781) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
February |
D |
|
Grey-chinned Minivet |
Pericrocotus solaris (Blyth, 1846) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
February |
D |
|
Family: CINCLIDAE |
|||||||
|
Brown Dipper |
Cinclus pallasii (Temminck, 1820) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Near Mosing village |
January |
B |
|
Family: CISTICOLIDAE |
|||||||
|
Hill Prinia |
Prinia atrogularis (Moore, 1854) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
January |
C |
|
Striated Prinia |
Prinia crinigera (Hodgson, 1836) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
April |
C |
|
Grey-breasted Prinia |
Prinia hodgsonii (Blyth, 1844) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Jengging |
March |
D |
|
Rufescent Prinia |
Prinia rufescens (Blyth, 1847) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
March |
B |
|
Common Tailorbird |
Orthotomus sutorius (Pennant, 1769) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
January |
B |
|
Family: CORVIDAE |
|||||||
|
Common Green Magpie |
Cissa chinensis (Boddaert, 1783) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
January |
C |
|
Large-billed Crow |
Corvus macrorhynchos (Wagler, 1827) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Common |
January |
D |
|
Grey Treepie |
Dendrocitta formosae (Swinhoe, 1863) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
December |
C |
|
Collared Treepie |
Dendrocitta frontalis (Horsfield, 1840) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
January |
B |
|
Family: DICAEIDAE |
|||||||
|
Fire-breasted Flowerpecker |
Dicaeum ignipectus (Blyth, 1843) |
Least Concern |
X |
N |
Bomdo |
February |
C |
|
Family: DICRURIDAE |
|||||||
|
Bronzed Drongo |
Dicrurus aeneus (Vieillot, 1817) |
Least Concern |
|
S |
Yangsang Valley |
April |
D |
|
Ashy Drongo |
Dicrurus leucophaeus (Vieillot, 1817) |
Least Concern |
|
S |
Yangsang Valley |
December |
D |
|
Black Drongo |
Dicrurus macrocercus (Vieillot, 1817) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
February |
C |
|
Lesser Racket-tailed Drongo |
Dicrurus remifer (Temminck, 1823) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
January |
D |
|
Family: EMBERIZIDAE |
|||||||
|
Chestnut-eared Bunting |
Emberiza fucata (Pallas, 1776) |
Least Concern |
X |
N |
Bomdo |
March |
D |
|
Pine Bunting |
Emberiza leucocephalos (Gmelin, 1771) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
January |
C |
|
Crested Bunting |
Melophus lathami (Gray, 1831) |
Least Concern |
X |
N |
Bomdo |
April |
C |
|
Little Bunting |
Schoeniclus pusillus (Pallas, 1776) |
Least Concern |
X |
N |
Bomdo |
January |
D |
|
Family: ESTRILDIDAE |
|||||||
|
White-rumped Munia |
Lonchura striata (Linnaus, 1766) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
January |
B |
|
Family: EURYLAIMIDAE |
|||||||
|
Long-tailed Broadbill |
Psarisomus dalhousiae (Jameson, 1835) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
January |
B |
|
Family: FRINGILLIDAE |
|||||||
|
Dark-rumped Rosefinch |
Carpodacus edwardsii (Verreaux, 1871) |
Least Concern |
X |
S |
Yangsang Valley |
January |
E |
|
Collared Grosbeak |
Mycerobas affinis (Blyth, 1855) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Janbo |
December |
E |
|
Grey-headed Bullfinch |
Pyrrhula erythaca (Blyth, 1862) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
January |
D |
|
Scarlet Finch |
Haematospiza sipahi (Hodgson, 1836) |
Least Concern |
X |
N |
Bomdo |
May |
B |
|
Family: HIRUNDINIDAE |
|||||||
|
Asian House Martin |
Delichon dasypus (Bonaparte, 1850) |
Least Concern |
|
S |
Yingkiong |
February |
B |
|
Family: IRENIDAE |
|||||||
|
Orange-bellied Leafbird |
Chloropsis hardwickii (Jardine & Selby, 1830) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Common on the right bank during winter |
December |
C |
|
Family: LANIIDAE |
|||||||
|
Brown Shrike |
Lanius cristatus (Linnaeus, 1758) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
February |
B |
|
Long-tailed Shrike |
Lanius schach (Linnaeus, 1758) |
Least Concern |
|
S |
Yangsang Valley |
April |
C |
|
Grey-backed Shrike |
Lanius tephronotus (Vigors, 1831) |
Least Concern |
X |
N |
Bomdo |
January |
B |
|
Family: LEIOTHRICHIDAE |
|||||||
|
Rusty-fronted Barwing |
Actinodura egertoni (Gould, 1836) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
January |
C |
|
Nepal Tit Babbler |
Alcippe nipalensis (Hodgson, 1837) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
January |
B |
|
Striated Babbler |
Argya earlei (Blyth, 1844) |
Least Concern |
X |
S |
Yangsang Valley |
December |
E |
|
Chestnut-tailed Minla |
Chrysominla strigula (Hodgson, 1837) |
Least Concern |
|
S |
Yangsang Valley |
December |
E |
|
Cutia |
Cutia nipalensis (Hodgson, 1837) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
January |
D |
|
White-throated Laughingthrush |
Garrulax albogularis (Gould, 1836) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
November |
C |
|
White-crested Laughingthrush |
Garrulax leucolophus (Hardwicke, 1815) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
December |
B |
|
Lesser Necklaced Laughingthrush |
Garrulax monileger (Riley, 1930) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
January |
B |
|
Greater Necklaced Laughingthrush |
Garrulax pectoralis (Gould, 1836) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
February |
B |
|
Rufous-necked Laughingthrush |
Garrulax ruficollis (Jardine & Selby, 1838) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
December |
C |
|
Striated Laughingthrush |
Grammatoptila striata (Vigors, 1831) |
Least Concern |
|
S |
Yangsang Valley |
December |
C |
|
Grey Sibia |
Heterophasia gracilis (McClelland, 1840) |
Least Concern |
|
S |
Yangsang Valley |
December |
E |
|
Beautiful Sibia |
Heterophasia pulchella (Godwin-Austen, 1874) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
January |
E |
|
Rufous-backed Sibia |
Leioptila annectens (Blyth, 1847) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Ramsing |
February |
B |
|
Silver-eared Mesia |
Leiothrix argentauris (Hodgson, 1837) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
December |
B |
|
Red-billed Leiothrix |
Leiothrix lutea (Scopoli, 1786) |
Least Concern |
|
S |
Yangsang Valley |
December |
D |
|
Red-faced Liocichla |
Liocichla phoenicea (Gould, 1837) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Ramsing |
January |
B |
|
Red-tailed Minla |
Minla ignotincta (Hodgson, 1837) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
November |
D |
|
Streak-throated Barwing |
Sibia waldeni (Godwin-Austen, 1874) |
Least Concern |
X |
S |
Yangsang Valley |
December |
E |
|
Black-faced Laughingthrush |
Trochalopteron affine (Blyth, 1843) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
February |
D |
|
Streaked Laughingthrush |
Trochalopteron lineatum (Vigors, 1831) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Ramsing |
February |
C |
|
Blue-winged Laughingthrush |
Trochalopteron squamatum (Gould, 1835) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
January |
B |
|
Family: LOCUSTELLIDAE |
|||||||
|
Striated Grassbird |
Megalurus palustris (Horsfield, 1821) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Pasighat |
November |
A |
|
Family: MONARCHIDAE |
|||||||
|
Indian Paradise Flycatcher |
Terpsiphone paradisi (Linnaeus, 1758) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
April |
A |
|
Family: MOTACILLIDAE |
|||||||
|
Olive-backed Pipit |
Anthus hodgsoni (Richmond, 1907) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
February |
D |
|
Paddyfield Pipit |
Anthus rufulus (Vieillot, 1818) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
May |
D |
|
White Wagtail |
Motacilla alba Linnaeus, 1758 |
Least Concern |
|
S |
Yangsang Valley |
January |
D |
|
Grey Wagtail |
Motacilla cinerea (Tunstall, 1771) |
Least Concern |
|
S |
Yangsang Valley |
December |
C |
|
Citrine Wagtail |
Motacilla citreola (Pallas, 1776) |
Least Concern |
|
S |
Yangsang Valley |
April |
D |
|
White-browed Wagtail |
Motacilla maderaspatensis (Gmelin, 1789) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Tuting |
April |
B |
|
Family: MUSCICAPIDAE |
|||||||
|
Blue-fronted Redstart |
Adelura frontalis (Vigors, 1832) |
Least Concern |
|
S |
Tashigong village |
April |
E |
|
White-gorgeted Flycatcher |
Anthipes monileger (Hodgson, 1845) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
April |
C |
|
Lesser Shortwing |
Brachypteryx leucophris (Temminck, 1827) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
March |
C |
|
White-browed Shortwing |
Brachypteryx montana (Horsfield, 1822) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
January |
C |
|
White-capped Water Redstart |
Chaimarrornis leucocephalus (Vigors, 1831) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Between Bomdo and Janbo |
January |
D |
|
Oriental Magpie Robin |
Copsychus saularis (Linnaeus, 1758) |
Least Concern |
X |
N |
Common |
April |
B |
|
Blue-throated Flycatcher |
Cyornis rubeculoides (Vigors, 1831) |
Least Concern |
X |
N |
Bomdo |
May |
D |
|
Black-backed Forktail |
Enicurus immaculatus (Hodgson, 1836) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Ramsing |
March |
C |
|
Spotted Forktail |
Enicurus maculatus (Vigors, 1831) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Common |
January |
B |
|
Slaty-backed Forktail |
Enicurus schistaceus (Hodgson, 1836) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
March |
B |
|
Little Forktail |
Enicurus scouleri Vigors, 1832 |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Ramsing road |
December |
B |
|
Verditer Flycatcher |
Eumyias thalassinus (Swainson, 1838) |
Least Concern |
X |
N |
Bomdo |
March |
B |
|
Taiga Flycatcher |
Ficedula albicilla (Bechstein, 1792) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
December |
D |
|
Sapphire Flycatcher |
Ficedula sapphira (Blyth, 1843) |
Least Concern |
|
S |
Yangsang Valley |
April |
E |
|
Rufous-gorgeted Flycatcher |
Ficedula strophiata (Hodgson, 1837) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
April |
D |
|
Little pied Flycatcher |
Ficedula westermanni (Sharpe, 1888) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
April |
B |
|
Blue-capped Rock Thrush |
Monticola cinclorhyncha (Vigors, 1832) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
April |
E |
|
Chestnut-bellied Rock Thrush |
Monticola rufiventris (Jardine & Selby, 1833) |
Least Concern |
X |
S |
Yangsang Valley |
December |
E |
|
Blue Whistling Thrush |
Myophonus caeruleus (Scopoli, 1786) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
November |
A |
|
Large Niltava |
Niltava grandis (Blyth, 1842) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
January |
D |
|
Small Niltava |
Niltava macgrigoriae (Burton, 1836) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
January |
B |
|
Daurian Redstart |
Phoenicurus auroreus (Pallas, 1776) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
January |
B |
|
Black Redstart |
Phoenicurus ochruros (Gmelin, 1774) |
Least Concern |
|
S |
Yangsang Valley |
April |
D |
|
Plumbeous Water Redstart |
Rhyacornis fuliginosa Vigors, 1831 |
Least Concern |
X |
N |
Bomdo |
January |
A |
|
Grey Bushchat |
Saxicola ferreus (Gray, 1846) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
May |
C |
|
Siberian Stonechat |
Saxicola maurus Pallas, 1773 |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Pasighat |
November |
A |
|
Himalayan Bush Robin |
Tarsiger rufilatus (Pallas, 1773) |
Least Concern |
|
S |
Yangsang Valley |
February |
E |
|
Family: NECTARINIIDAE |
|||||||
|
Mrs GouldÕs Sunbird |
Aethopyga gouldiae (Vigors, 1831) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Near Mouling NP |
February |
E |
|
Fire-tailed Sunbird |
Aethopyga ignicauda (Hodgson, 1837) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
February |
E |
|
Green-tailed Sunbird |
Aethopyga nipalensis (Hodgson, 1837) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
January |
E |
|
Streaked Spiderhunter |
Arachnothera magna (Hodgson, 1837) |
Least Concern |
|
|
Common everywhere |
January |
C |
|
Black-throated Sunbird |
Aethopyga saturata (Hodgson, 1836) |
Least Concern |
|
|
Common everywhere |
|
B |
|
Family: ORIOLIDAE |
|||||||
|
Maroon Oriole |
Oriolus traillii (Vigors, 1832) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
May |
B |
|
Family: PARIDAE |
|||||||
|
Black-lored Tit |
Machlolophus xanthogenys (Bonaparte, 1850) |
Least Concern |
|
S |
Yangsang Valley |
April |
D |
|
Sultan Tit |
Melanochlora sultanea (Hodgson, 1837) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
February |
D |
|
Cinereous Tit |
Parus cinereous (Linnaeus, 1758) |
Least Concern |
|
S |
Yangsang Valley |
April |
E |
|
Green-backed Tit |
Parus monticolus Vigors, 1831 |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
January |
C |
|
Yellow-browed Tit |
Sylviparus modestus (Burton, 1836) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
February |
D |
|
Family: PASSERIDAE |
|||||||
|
Russet Sparrow |
Passer cinnamomeus (Temminck, 1835) |
Least Concern |
|
S |
Yangsang Valley |
April |
D |
|
Eurasian Tree Sparrow |
Passer montanus (Linnaeus, 1758) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
February |
B |
|
Family: PELLORNEIDAE |
|||||||
|
Eyebrowed Wren Babbler |
Napothera epilepidota (Temminck, 1827) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
December |
C |
|
Rufous-winged Fulvetta |
Schoeniparus castaneceps (Hodgson, 1837) |
Least Concern |
|
S |
Yangsang Valley |
December |
D |
|
Family: PHYLLOSCOPIDAE |
|||||||
|
Ashy-throated Warbler |
Abrornis maculipennis (Blyth, 1867) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
May |
C |
|
TickellÕs Leaf Warbler |
Phylloscopus affinis (Tickell, 1833) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
May |
B |
|
White-spectacled Warbler |
Seicercus affinis (Hodgson, 1854) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Near Mouling NP |
January |
E |
|
Yellow-vented Leaf Warbler |
Seicercus cantator (Tickell, 1833) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
May |
B |
|
Chestnut-crowned Warbler |
Seicercus castaniceps (Hodgson, 1845) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
February |
A |
|
Grey-cheeked Warbler |
Seicercus poliogenys (Blyth, 1847) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
January |
B |
|
BlythÕs Leaf Warbler |
Seicercus reguloides (Blyth, 1842) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
March |
C |
|
Grey-hooded Leaf Warbler |
Seicercus xanthoschistos (G.E.Gray & G.R.Gray, 1846) |
Least Concern |
X |
S |
Yangsang Valley |
December |
D |
|
Family: PITTIDAE |
|||||||
|
Blue-naped Pitta |
Pitta nipalensis (Hodgson, 1837) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
January |
B |
|
Family: PNOEPYGIDAE |
|||||||
|
Scaly-breasted Wren Babbler |
Pnoepyga albiventer (Hodgson, 1837) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
November |
C |
|
Family: PRUNELLIDAE |
|||||||
|
Brown Accentor |
Prunella fulvescens (Severtsov, 1873) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
January |
C |
|
Maroon-backed Accentor |
Prunella immaculata (Hodgson, 1845) |
Least Concern |
|
S |
Yangsang Valley |
March |
E |
|
Rufous-breasted Accentor |
Prunella strophiata (Blyth, 1843) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
January |
D |
|
Family: PYCNONOTIDAE |
|||||||
|
White-throated Bulbul |
Alophoixus flaveolus (Gould, 1836) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Near Ramsing village |
January |
B |
|
Ashy Bulbul |
Hemixos flavala (Blyth, 1842) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
January |
B |
|
Black Bulbul |
Hypsipetes leucocephalus (Gmelin, 1789) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
December |
B |
|
Mountain Bulbul |
Ixos mcclellandii (Horsfield, 1840) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
January |
C |
|
Red-vented Bulbul |
Pycnonotus cafer (Linnaeus, 1766) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
October |
A |
|
Red-whiskered Bulbul |
Pycnonotus jocosus (Linnaeus, 1758) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
November |
B |
|
Striated Bulbul |
Pycnonotus striatus (Blyth, 1842) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
February |
D |
|
Family: RHIPIDURIDAE |
|||||||
|
White-throated Fantail |
Rhipidura albicollis (Vieillot, 1818) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
December |
B |
|
Family: SCOTOCERCIDAE |
|||||||
|
Rufous-faced Warbler |
Abroscopus albogularis (Hodgson, 1854) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
October |
C |
|
Black-faced Warbler |
Abroscopus schisticeps (Gray, 1846) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
March |
B |
|
Chestnut-headed Tesia |
Cettia castaneocoronata (Burton, 1836) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
December |
B |
|
Brownish-flanked Bush Warbler |
Horornis fortipes (Hodgson, 1845) |
Least Concern |
X |
N |
Jengging |
April |
D |
|
Mountain Tailorbird |
Phyllergates cucullatus (Temminck, 1836) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
April |
C |
|
Slaty-bellied Tesia |
Tesia olivea (McClelland, 1840) |
Least Concern |
X |
N |
Bomdo |
December |
C |
|
Family: SITTIDAE |
|||||||
|
Chestnut-bellied Nuthatch |
Sitta castanea (Lesson, 1830) |
Least Concern |
X |
N |
Bomdo |
February |
D |
|
Beautiful Nuthatch |
Sitta formosa (Blyth, 1843) |
Vulnerable |
|
N |
Bomdo |
February |
E |
|
Velvet-fronted Nuthatch |
Sitta frontalis (Swainson, 1820) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
January |
D |
|
White-tailed Nuthatch |
Sitta himalayensis (Jardine & Selby, 1835) |
Least Concern |
X |
N |
Yangsang Valley |
December |
E |
|
Wallcreeper |
Tichodroma muraria (Linnaeus, 1766) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
January |
A |
|
Family: STENOSTIRIDAE |
|||||||
|
Grey-headed canary-Flycatcher |
Culicicapa ceylonensis (Swainson, 1820) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
January |
C |
|
Yellow-bellied Fairy-fantail |
Chelidorhynx hypoxanthus (Blyth, 1843) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
November |
C |
|
Family: STURNIDAE |
|||||||
|
Common Starling |
Sturnus vulgaris (Linnaeus, 1758) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
December |
B |
|
Black-eared Shrike-babbler |
Pteruthius melanotis (Hodgson, 1847) |
Least Concern |
|
S |
Yangsang Valley |
December |
E |
|
Himalayan Shrike-babbler |
Pteruthius ripleyi (Temminck, 1835) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
February |
D |
|
Black-headed Shrike-babbler |
Pteruthius rufiventer (Blyth, 1842) |
Least Concern |
X |
N |
Bomdo |
February |
E |
|
Family: TIMALIIDAE |
|||||||
|
Golden Babbler |
Cyanoderma chrysaeum (Blyth, 1844) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
January |
B |
|
Coral-billed Scimitar Babbler |
Pomatorhinus ferruginosus (Blyth, 1845) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
January |
C |
|
Red-billed Scimitar Babbler |
Pomatorhinus ochraceiceps (Walden, 1873) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
February |
B |
|
Streak-breasted Scimitar Babbler |
Pomatorhinus ruficollis (Hodgson, 1836) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
May |
E |
|
White-browed Scimitar Babbler |
Pomatorhinus schisticeps (Hodgson, 1836) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
November |
D |
|
Slender-billed Scimitar Babbler |
Pomatorhinus superciliaris (Blyth, 1842) |
Least Concern |
X |
N |
Bomdo |
February |
E |
|
Grey-throated Babbler |
Stachyris nigriceps (Blyth, 1844) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
May |
A |
|
Chestnut-capped Babbler |
Timalia pileata (Horsfield, 1821) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Jengging |
November |
D |
|
Family: SYLVIIDAE |
|||||||
|
Golden-breasted Fulvetta |
Lioparus chrysotis (Blyth, 1845) |
Least Concern |
|
S |
Yangsang Valley |
December |
D |
|
Greater Rufous-headed Parrotbill |
Psittiparus ruficeps (Blyth, 1842) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
January |
B |
|
Streak-throated Fulvetta |
Fulvetta cinereiceps (Verreaux, 1870) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Jengging |
May |
D |
|
Family: TROGLODYTIDAE |
|||||||
|
Eurasian Wren |
Troglodytes troglodytes (Linnaeus, 1758) |
Least Concern |
|
S |
Yangsang Valley |
December |
D |
|
Family: TURDIDAE |
|||||||
|
Green Cochoa |
Cochoa viridis (Hodgson, 1836) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
March |
C |
|
Orange-headed Thrush |
Geokichla citrina (Latham, 1790) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
February |
B |
|
White-collared Blackbird |
Turdus albocinctus (Royle, 1840) |
Least Concern |
|
S |
Yangsang Valley |
December |
D |
|
Chestnut Thrush |
Turdus rubrocanus (Hodgson, 1846) |
Least Concern |
X |
S |
Yangsang Valley |
March |
E |
|
Black-throated Thrush |
Turdus atrogularis (Jarocki, 1819) |
Least Concern |
|
S |
Yangsang Valley |
March |
E |
|
Long-tailed Thrush |
Zoothera dixoni (Seebohm, 1881) |
Least Concern |
X |
N |
Bomdo |
March |
C |
|
Dark-sided Thrush |
Zoothera marginata (Blyth, 1847) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
December |
A |
|
Zoothera Thrush (formerly Plain-backed
thrush) |
Zoothera sp. (Blyth, 1842) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
January |
A |
|
Family: VANGIDAE |
|||||||
|
Bar-winged Flycatcher-shrike |
Hemipus picatus (Sykes, 1832) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Moying |
January |
B |
|
Family: VIREONIDAE |
|||||||
|
White-bellied Erpornis |
Erpornis zantholeuca (Blyth, 1844) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
January |
D |
|
Family: ZOSTEROPIDAE |
|||||||
|
White-naped Yuhina |
Yuhina bakeri (Rothschild, 1926) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
January |
c |
|
Striated Yuhina |
Yuhina castaniceps (Moore, 1854) |
Least Concern |
X |
N |
Bomdo |
January |
B |
|
Whiskered Yuhina |
Yuhina flavicollis (Hodgson, 1836) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
January |
B |
|
Stripe-throated Yuhina |
Yuhina gularis (Hodgson, 1836) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
January |
C |
|
Black-chinned Yuhina |
Yuhina nigrimenta (Blyth, 1845) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
December |
A |
|
Rufous-vented Yuhina |
Yuhina occipitalis (Hodgson, 1836) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
November |
C |
|
Oriental White-eye |
Zosterops palpebrosus (Temminck, 1824) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
March |
B |
|
Order: PELECANIFORMES |
|||||||
|
Great Cormorant |
Phalacrocorax carbo (Linnaeus, 1758) |
Least Concern |
X |
S |
Yangsang Valley |
April |
A |
|
Indian Cormorant |
Phalacrocorax fuscicollis (Stephens, 1826) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Siang banks below Bomdo |
January |
A |
|
Order: PICIFORMES |
|||||||
|
Greater Yellow-naped Woodpecker |
Chrysophlegma flavinucha (Gould, 1834) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
January |
D |
|
Darjeeling Pied Woodpecker |
Dendrocopos darjellensis (Blyth, 1845) |
Least Concern |
|
S |
Between Shimong and Eko Dumbing |
January |
E |
|
Pale-headed Woodpecker |
Gecinulus grantia (McClelland, 1840) |
Least Concern |
X |
N |
Bomdo |
February |
C |
|
Lesser Yellow-naped Woodpecker |
Picus chlorolophus (Vieillot, 1818) |
Least Concern |
X |
N |
Bomdo |
April |
D |
|
Speckled Piculet |
Picumnus innominatus (Burton, 1836) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
November |
C |
|
White-browed Piculet |
Sasia ochracea (Hodgson, 1836) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
February |
D |
|
Family: RAMPHASTIDAE |
|||||||
|
Blue-throated Barbet |
Psilopogon asiaticus (Latham, 1790) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
January |
C |
|
Golden-throated Barbet |
Psilopogon franklinii (Blyth, 1842) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
November |
C |
|
Great Barbet |
Psilopogon virens (Boddaert, 1783) |
Least Concern |
X |
N |
Bomdo |
January |
B |
|
Order: PHOENICOPTERIFORMES |
|||||||
|
Little Grebe |
Tachybaptus ruficollis (Pallas, 1764) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Near Gelling |
February |
A |
|
Order: STRIGIFORMES |
|||||||
|
Asian Barred Owlet |
Glaucidium cuculoides (Vigors, 1831) |
Least Concern |
X |
N |
Bomdo |
January |
B |
|
Collared Owlet |
Glaucidium brodiei (Burton, 1836) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
May |
B |
|
Mountain Scops Owl |
Otus spilocephalus (Blyth, 1846) |
Least Concern |
X |
N |
Bomdo |
May |
C |
|
Oriental Scops Owl |
Otus sunia (Hodgson, 1836) |
Least Concern |
X |
N |
Bomdo |
November |
D |
|
Brown Wood Owl |
Strix leptogrammica (Temminck, 1831) |
Least Concern |
|
S |
Yangsang Valley |
December |
E |
|
Family: TYTONIDAE |
|||||||
|
Common Barn Owl |
Tyto alba (Scopoli, 1769) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
September |
C |
|
Order: TROGONIFORMES |
|||||||
|
Red-headed Trogon |
Harpactes erythrocephalus (Gould, 1834) |
Least Concern |
|
N |
Bomdo |
January |
C |
|
Order: UPUPIFORMES |
|||||||
|
Common Hoopoe |
Upupa epops (Linnaeus, 1758) |
Least Concern |
|
S |
Yangsang Valley |
April |
D |
Altitude classes*: (A) < 800m representing
the areas close to the Siang banks in Upper Siang consisting of terrace fields,
forests and fallows (B) 800–900 m includes villages, jhum, fallows and
forest patches (C) 900–1,000 m are areas with jhum, fallows, forest
patches (D) 1,000–1,500 m mostly secondary forests, primary forests and
some jhum patches (E) >1,500m areas do not have jhum and include primary and
secondary forests mostly outside habitation areas
Discussion
This is the longest faunal study for this region and provides the most
comprehensive list of avian species for the Siang Valley. Sampling for this study took place
across the seasons, unlike previous studies which were restricted to the dry,
cold months. This temporal spread
in sampling allowed us to record species which were present only during the
warmer months such as cuckoos and migrant waterfowl which have never been
recorded earlier for this region.
Rivers have been known to affect dispersal and consequently species
distributions due to their deep gorges dissecting mountain ranges and/or their
broad drainage basins that are seasonally inundated especially for
sub-continental avifauna (Ripley & Beehler
1990; Ramachandran et al. 2017).
Sister-species pairs occur across river barriers and populations of a
species across such barriers have also been known to diversify over time (Burney & Brumfield 2009). Biogeographically, the Brahmaputra is
one such barrier (Dalvi 2012), and the records of
species in this study from the north and south bank of the Siang are consistent
with the known distribution of species with reference to the Siang, Dibang,
major tributaries of the Brahmaputra.
There remain drawbacks even in this study as we were unable to sample at
higher altitude areas (>2,500m) and more extensively in primary forest
areas. Intensive sampling of all
the representative habitats should add substantially to this list.
The study, which was conducted entirely in community managed forests and
mixed-use landscapes outside protected areas demonstrates the high biodiversity
value of such landscapes. Recent
studies from other parts of northeastern India also highlights the importance
of Jhum (shifting cultivation) landscapes for bird communities,
especially in view of large scale shifts to monoculture plantations (Mandal & Raman 2016).
The discovery of migrant waterfowl using the Siang River as a migratory
route is a significant finding. The
Siang Valley remains poorly represented in terms of IBA locations, with Mouling
National Park being the only area for this region (ENVIS 2016). Our sighting of an unidentified crane
flying over the Siang suggests that the Siang may also be used as a migratory
route by cranes as shown by Choudhury (1994) for Common Cranes Grus grus
in the Dibang River. We believe the
current study provides adequate evidence for further investigation and
designation of additional IBA sites for the upper Siang region.
The upper Siang region has been experiencing unprecedented changes in
recent decades. Road and other
infrastructure development, illegal timber felling and increase in acreage of
cash crops have led to degradation and loss of habitat. Proposed hydroelectric projects on the
Siang River further threaten to irreversibly alter the fragile ecology of the
region. A comprehensive
documentation of the avifauna for this region is necessary to counter these
developmental threats. We believe
such documentation can emerge only from focused surveys across seasons that are
able to cover even the remote parts of this region.
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