Journal of
Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 August 2018 | 10(9): 12230–12234
New records of earthworm fauna (Oligochaeta: Glossoscolecidae and Megascolecidae)
collected from Satkosia-Baisipalli Wildlife Sanctuary
of Odisha, India
Rinku Goswami
Zoological Survey of India, M-Block, New Alipore, Kolkata, West Bengal 700053, India
rinku_zsi@yahoo.co.in
doi: https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.3616.10.9.12230-12234
| ZooBank:
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:BBB6FBA8-4696-464F-892B-9AE27D9BCC52
Editor: John W.
Reynolds, Oligochaetology Lab, Ontario,
Canada. Date of
publication: 26 August 2018 (online & print)
Manuscript details: Ms # 3616 |
Received 20 June 2017 | Final received 15 June 2018 | Finally accepted 27 July
2018
Citation: Goswami, R. (2018). New
records of earthworm fauna (Oligochaeta: Glossoscolecidae and Megascolecidae)
collected from Satkosia-Baisipalli Wildlife Sanctuary
of Odisha, India. Journal of Threatened
Taxa 10(9): 12230–12234; https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.3616.10.9.12230-12234
Copyright: © Goswami 2018. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
International License. JoTT allows
unrestricted use of this article in any medium, reproduction and distribution
by providing adequate credit to the authors and the source of publication.
Funding: Ministry of Environment, Forests & Climate Change.
Competing interests: The author declares no competing interests.
Acknowledgements:
I am highly grateful to the Director of Zoological
Survey of India, Kolkata, Dr. Kailash Chandra, for
the facilities provided and for his constant encouragements and valuable
suggestions. Also I acknowledge Satkosia forest range
website www.satkosia.org for information provided on Satkosia
Tiger Reserve.
Abstract: A survey work was conducted in Satkoshia-Baisapalli Wildlife Sanctuary in Odisha, India, where altogether 10 earthworm species were
collected. Out of these, four species—Pontoscolex corethrurus
(Müller, 1856), Metaphire houlleti (Perrier, 1872), Perionyx
bainii Stephenson, 1915, Perionyx
barotensis Julka & Paliwal 1993—are reported for the first time after the
original description and is proved to be a new record for the state of Odisha.
Keywords: Earthworms, Metaphire
houlleti, new record, Odisha,
Perionyx bainii, Perionyx barotensis, Pontoscolex corethrurus,
taxonomic.
Extensive
areas in Indian forest reserves are still unexplored and have never been
sampled for earthworms. To estimate
earthworm biodiversity correctly, the majority of species in the country are
yet to be found and described.
Consequently, new locations should be sampled, which represents a great
challenge, since there are few researchers working in this area. With this view Satkoshia-Baisapalli
Wildlife Sanctuaries in Odisha, India were selected
for earthworm faunal survey (Image 1).
These twin reserves are the meeting point of two bio-geographic regions
of India, the Deccan peninsula and the Eastern Ghats, contributing immense
earthworm diversity in that area. The
landscape is hilly and the general elevation is around 350m from sea
level. The climate of the region is
tropical resulting in high summer temperatures.
The Satkoshia gorge of the river Mahanadi and
the reserve has tremendous genetic and ecological importance.
The first record of earthworms from Odisha
was published by Michaelsen (1910).
The work was followed by Stephenson and he
described several species (1914, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1921, 1923, 1926). Subsequently, many other scientists presented
data about earthworms from Odisha, viz., Julka (1976, 1978), Patra &
Dash (1973), Das & Patra (1977), Senapati & Dash (1979, 1981, 1982, 1983), Dash & Senapati (1980), Senapati et al.
(1979), Senapati (1980). Thirty species are
described by Julka et al. (1987). Blakemore (2006) made a checklist of
earthworms of Odisha and Goswami
et al. (2013) worked on taxonomical records of earthworms from Odisha. The aim of
the present paper is to report on these collections, including four new records
from Odisha (Fig. 1).
Materials and
Methods
Live
earthworm were narcotised in 70% alcohol and then washed and preserved in 10%
formalin with proper labeling. The specimens were studied under the Leica
EZ4 microscopic binocular. All the
studied specimens are deposited at the National Zoological Collection of
Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata. The
registration numbers are mentioned in material examined. GPS with elevation, temperature and pH were
recorded during the collection.
Photographs were taken by Leica EZ4HD to specify the identified
characters.
Taxonomic description
I. Family: Glossoscolecidae
1.
Genus Pontoscolex Schmarda,
1861
(1) Pontoscolex corethrurus
(Muller, 1856)
II.
Family: Megascolecidae
2.
Genus Metaphire Sims & Easton, 1972
(2) Metaphire houlleti (Perrier,
1872)
3.
Genus Perionyx Perrier, 1872
(3) Perionyx bainii Stephenson,
1915
(4) Perionyx barotensis Julka & Paliwal, 1993
Key to
the identification of earthworms of the new records
1. Setae 8 on each segment in 4
pairs throughout the body
……...............................…………………………………………………….......……………… 2
1′. Setae numerous
or, more than 8 on each segment throughout the body ……………………………………………………………………………………
3
2. Setae on posterior segments
arranged in irregular rows, alternating between dorsal and ventral positions …………………………
Pontoscolex corethrurus
3. Nephridia
astomate, gizzard between7/8 and 9/10, male pores
within copulatory pouches ...…………………………….………………………..............
4
3′. Nephridia stomate, colour usually
reddish to violet; gizzard vestigial in segment v or vi
…………………………………..………………………………… 5
4. Invaginated
spermathecal pores recognizable internally by the
presence of stalked glands. Genital markings, when present, small
and
in the vicinity of spermathecal pores ………………………………………………………………………………………………
Metaphire houlleti
5. Male pores are longitudinal
slits, each overhung by a small tubercle. A group of penial
setae present to each male pore …...……………..… Perionyx
bainii
5′. Male pores and
minute prostatic pores are combined. Male genital field without penial setae …….…………………………………… Perionyx barotensis
Systematic Accounts
I. Family Glossoscolecidae
1.
Genus Pontoscolex Schmarda
1861
(1) Pontoscolex corethrurus (Muller)
(Image 2)
1856. Lumbricus corethrurus
Muller, Abhandl. Naturgesch.
Ges. Halle, 4:26.
1897. Pontoscolex corethrurus: Michaelsen,
Mitt. Mus. Hamburg, 14: 247
Diagnosis:
Length 45–100 mm.; diameter 2-4 mm. Segments 60-230. Dorsal side is reddish
brown and ventral side is colourless. Dorsal pore absent.
Prostomium elongated like a long thin proboscis while
it moves. Clitellum saddle shaped, covering 14–22. Setae lumbricine,
i.e., 8 per segment in regular rows, but in the tail region setae rows enlarged
and becomes alternative in adjacent segments i.e., quincunx arrangement. Male
pores (20/21) and 3 pairs spermathecal pores
(6/7-8/9) are minute. Female pore is a
transverse slit at left side of mid ventral line at AB, in front of intersegmental furrow 14/15.
Distribution:
India (Odisha, Andaman Islands, Andhra Pradesh,
Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal), Africa,
Australia, Belize, Indonesia, Iran, Madagascar, Mexico, Myanmar, Pakistan, Sri
Lanka, South America, Thailand, USA.
Type
locality: Itajahy, Brazil.
Material
examined: An4112/1 ZSI, 17exs., 26.i. 2016, Tarva, Pampasar range of Satkoshia, 20.700810N & 84.838430E,
coll. R. Goswami.
Remarks:
This species make the soil hard and compact.
II.
Family Megascolecidae
2.
Genus Metaphire Sims & Easton, 1972
(2) Metaphire houlleti (Perrier,
1872) (Image 3)
1872. Perichaeta houlleti,
Perrier, Nouv. archs.
Mus. Hist. nat. Paris, 8: 99.
1900. Pheretima houlleti (in
part), Michaelsen, Tierreich,
10: 273.
1982. Metaphire houlleti,
Julka, Rec. Zool. Surv.
India, 80: 142.
Diagnosis:
Length 60–105 mm, diameter 2–3 mm, segments 95–100. Colour brownish on
dorsal side. Prostomium epilobic, tongue open. Combined & paired male and prostatic pores. Female pore single on xiv. Spermathecal
pores paired in 6/7/8/9. External genital markings absent.
Distribution:
India (Odisha, Andaman & Nicobar Islands,
Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, West Bengal), Australia,
Bahamas, Bangladesh, Caroline Islands, China, Cuba, Fiji, France, French
Guiana, Indonesia, Madagascar, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan,
Philippines, Salvador, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, USA
(Florida), Vietnam.
Type
locality: Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
Material
examined: An4105/1 ZSI, 7exs., 26.i.2016, Hatibari mundasai -1 of Satkoshia, 20.61970N & 84.807450E,
coll. R. Goswami.
An4114/1 ZSI, 19exs., 27.i.2016, Chotakei, Purnakote range of Satkoshia, 20.635110N & 84.880060E,
coll. R. Goswami.
Remarks:
The origin of this species is in Southeast Asia.
3.
Genus Perionyx Perrier 1872
(3) Perionyx bainii
Stephenson, 1915 (Image 4)
1915.
Perionyx bainii
Stephenson, Mem. Indian Mus., 6: 72
Diagnosis:
Length 50–65 mm, diameter 3–3.5 mm, segments 84–100. Colour bluish purple, pale
ventrally. Prostomium epilobic, tongue open. Clitellum annular, xiii-xvii. Paired male and prostatic
pores are combined in the xviii segment. 7–10 penial
setae present to each pore in the median. Spermathecal
pores in 7/8/9 in large transverse slits.
Distribution:
India (Odisha, Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh).
Material
examined: AnSZ 161 ZSI 3 exs., 20.i.16, Kuanria dam-2 of Baisipalli, 20.346980N & 84.807260E,
coll. R. Goswami.
(4) Perionyx barotensis Julka & Paliwal 1993 (Image
5)
1993.
Perionyx barotensis Julka & Paliwal, J. Bom. Nat. His. Soc. 90(3): 461–462.
Diagnosis:
Length 70–90 mm, diameter 2–3 mm, segments 103–125. Colour bluish purple, pale ventrally. Prostomium epilobic. Tongue open.
Clitellum annular, xiii-xvii. Transversely elliptical
male genital area on xviii. Male pores and minute prostatic pores are
combined. Paired, minute spermathecal pores on 7/8/9.
Distribution:
India: Odisha, Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh.
Material
examined: AnSZ173 ZSI, 1 ex., 20.i.16, Kuanria dam of Baisipalli,
20.346980N & 84.807260E coll. R. Goswami;
An4105/19 ZSI, exs., 26.i.16, Hatibari
mundasai -1of Satkoshia,
20.619660N & 84.807330E, coll. R. Goswami.
Table 1. The location,
different edaphic factors, and new record species of earthworms in different
collecting spots.
|
Camp
name & WS Range |
Date |
Collection
Area |
GPS |
No. of Earthworm
exs |
pH |
Temp
at ºC |
Elevation (Feet) |
Name
of the species |
|
Satkoshia (Pampasar
Range) |
26.i.16 |
Tarava -2 |
20.700810N
& 84.838430E |
17 |
7.17 |
22.3 |
13 |
Pontoscolex corethrurus (Muller,
1856) |
|
Satkoshia (Tikarpada
Range) |
26.i.16 |
Hatibari mundasai -1 |
20.61970N
& 84.807450E |
7 |
7.16 |
21.2 |
45 |
Metaphire houlleti (Perrier,
1872) |
|
|
26.1.16 |
Hatibari mundasai-2 |
20.619660N
& 84.807330E |
1 |
7.15 |
21.5 |
45 |
Metaphire houlleti (Perrier,
1872) |
|
Satkoshia (Pampasar Range) |
26.1.16 |
Tarava -1 |
20.700680N
& 84.83860E |
1 |
7.19 |
22.4 |
13 |
Metaphire houlleti (Perrier,
1872) |
|
Satkoshia, Purunakote
Range (Chhotkei) |
27.1.16 |
Chhotkei vill.-1 |
20.635110N
& 84.880060E |
19 |
7.37 |
23.5 |
25 |
Metaphire houlleti (Perrier,
1872) |
|
Baisipalli- Kuanria (Banigocha west Range) |
20.1.16 |
Kuanria Dam -2 |
20.346980N
& 84.807260E |
3 |
7.5 |
23.3 |
11 |
Perionyx bainii Stephenson,
1915 |
|
Baisipalli- Kuanria (Banigocha west Range) |
20.1.16 |
Kuanria Dam -2 |
20.346980N
& 84.807260E |
1 |
7.5 |
23.3 |
11 |
Perionyx barotensis Julka & Paliwal, 1993 |
|
Satkoshia (Tikarpada
Range) |
26.1.16 |
Hatibari mundasai -1 |
20.619660N
& 84.807330E |
9 |
7.15 |
21.5 |
45 |
Perionyx barotensis Julka & Paliwal, 1993 |
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