Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 July 2018 | 10(8): 12130–12132

 

 

Transfer of Storena gujaratensis Tikader & Patel, 1975 to the genus Suffasia Jocqué, 1991 (Araneae: Zodariidae)

 

Reshma Solanki 1, Manju Siliwal 2 & Dolly Kumar 3

 

1,3 Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat 390002, India 

2 Wildlife Information Liaison Development Society, 12, Thiruvannamalai Nagar, Saravanampatti - Kalapatti Road, Saravanampatti, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641035, India 

1 solankireshma46@gmail.com, 2 manjusiliwal@gmail.com, 3 dollymsu@gmail.com (corresponding author)

 

 

 

 

 

doi: http://doi.org/10.11609/jott.3452.10.8.12130-12132  

 

Editor: Anonymity requested. Date of publication: 26 July 2018 (online & print)

 

Manuscript details: Ms # 3452 | Received 20 April 2017 | Final received 26 June 2017 | Finally accepted 18 July 2018

 

Citation: Solanki, R., M. Siliwal & D. Kumar (2018). Transfer of Storena gujaratensis Tikader & Patel, 1975 to the genus Suffasia Jocqué, 1991 (Araneae: Zodariidae). Journal of Threatened Taxa 10(8): 12130–12132; http://doi.org/10.11609/jott.3452.10.8.12130-12132

 

Copyright: © Solanki et al. 2018. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. JoTT allows unrestricted use of this article in any medium, reproduction and distribution by providing adequate credit to the authors and the source of publication.

 

Funding: None.

 

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

 

Acknowledgements: The authors are grateful to the following personnel/Organizations: PCCF, Gujarat Forest Department for giving permission to carry out spider surveys in Jambughoda Wildlife Sanctuary; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda for granting UGC-RFSMS fellowship; Dr. Rudy Jocque for confirmation of the genus; Dr. Yuri M. Marusik for reviewing the draft manuscript and providing valuable comments; Mr. Kartik Upadhyay and Mr. Harshad Bariya, for their assistance during field work; Shri N.K. Juyal, Jr. Technical Officer, Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Dehradun for providing facility to procure SEM images.

 

 

 

 

The family Zodariidae Thorell, 1881 is known with 1,123 species and 84 genera from the world but is very poorly represented in India: 29 species and 10 genera (WSC 2017); out of which, all the Indian species under Storena Walckenaer, 1805 (seven species) and Lutica Marx, 1891 (four species) are considered as misplaced in the genus (WCS 2017).

During spider surveys in Jambughoda Wildlife Sanctuary, Gujarat in January–March 2013, ground spiders were collected by pitfall trap method.  A male specimen was collected from the sanctuary at: 22.360990N & 73.6653940E, altitude 244m, Gujarat, India. All measurements are in mm. Morphological observations and illustrations were made by MS using CETIITM stereomicroscope and camera lucida attached to it.  Scanning Electron Microscope images for palp were taken through SEM-Zeiss EVO-40EP at the Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Dehradun.  Specimen is deposited at the public museum of Wildlife Information Liaison Development Society, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.

Initially, the zodariid spider specimens collected were identified as Storena gujaratensis Tikader & Patel, 1975 based on the distinct palp structure (see details below).  None of the other Storena spp. possess this character.  S. gujaratensis was described from Napad, Kaira (=Kheda) District, Gujarat based on a male specimen.  The authors did not provide information on the type specimen depository and catalog number.  We assumed that the specimen was deposited at Zoological Survey of India (ZSI), Kolkata but one of the authors (MS) could not locate this specimen at ZSI, Kolkata.  It is likely that Dr. B.H. Patel retained the specimen in his private collection (however, since his death in 2013 we have no knowledge of the status of his collection).  Distance between the type locality and Jambughoda Wildlife Sanctuary is about 130km by road without any major geographical barrier, which reflects a wide distribution range of this species.

As all Indian species under Storena are misplaced in the genus as per WCS (2017), we looked out for characters of S. gujaratensis matching with other genera.  We noticed presence of hook shaped dorsal cymbial flange, large tegulum, moderately long and thick embolus and a few of these characters typically found in Suffasia Jacque, 1991.  The members of Suffasia can be differentiated from other genera by presence of dorsal cymbial flange overlapping palpal tibia, presence of cymbial lateral pit and swollen venter of the abdomen in male, whereas females can be distinguished by the epigyne structure with frontal entrance openings and the course of the copulatory ducts (Jocqué 1991; Jocqué 1992).  Although all characters of male did not match with the Suffasia especially absence of cymbial lateral pit and AME not being small but Suffisia also shows high variation in the palp structure within the genus. Further, we found the S. gujaratensis male palp structure closely resembled Suffasia attidiya Benjamin, 2007 from Sri Lanka by having large embolus and tegulum and RTA short.  Therefore, here we transfer Storena gujaratensis to Suffasia.  So far, only three species of the Suffasia, viz., S. ala Sen et al., 2015, S. keralaensis Sudhikumar et al., 2009 and S. tigrina (Simon, 1893) are reported from India (WSC 2017).  In this paper, we provide additional morphological characters for Suffasia gujaratensis comb. nov. along with illustrations, description of male and natural history notes.  High variation is noticed amongst Suffasia spp. and therefore a revision of this genus is urgently needed.

 

Taxonomy

 

Suffasia gujaratensis (Tikader & Patel, 1975), comb. nov.

(Figs. 1–5, Table 1)

 

Storena gujaratensis Tikader & Patel, 1975: 138, description of male.

Material examined: WILD-13-ARA-1273, male, 23.i.2013, Bhat, Jambughoda Wildlife Sanctuary, Gujarat, coll. Reshma Solanki.

Description of male: Total length 6.31. Carapace 3.26 long, 2.47 wide. Abdomen 3.05 long, 2.05 wide. Eye diameters and inter-distances: AME 0.28, ALE 0.18, PME 0.15, PLE 0.18; AME-AME 0.078, AME-ALE 0.18, PME-PME 0.13, PME-PLE 0.39, PLE-ALE 0.052. Leg formula: 4132. Leg spines: I fe d2 p1, ti p2 v6, mt p1 r1 v6; II fe d2 p1, ti p2 v5, mt p2 r1 v6; III fe d4disp. p1 r1, pa p2, ti d5disp. p2 r2 v6, mt d7disp. r2 v6; IV fe d3 p1 r1, pa p2, ti d3disp. p2 r2 v6, mt d17disp. p5 r5 v17disp.

Coloration: Carapace dark reddish-brown. Chelicerae dark reddish-brown with hairs. Sternum yellowish-red, with dark lateral margin, Abdomen dark grey dorsally with 6–7 pairs of white blotches, posterior ones are merged.  Ventrally pale in color.  Legs pale yellow with spines.

Carapace covered with grey hairs, dense in anterior half.  Chelicerae with hairs, presence of sclerotized chillum with hairs.  Sternum having triangular extensions which correspond with slight concavities in coxae, uniformly covered with bristles and hairs, bristles with warty appearance, integument rough having net like pattern.  Maxillae wider at base gradually narrowing posteriorly, bordered ridge on prolateral surface.  Labium longer than wide, arrow shaped.  Abdomen dorsally covered with brown hairs, thin scutum ventrally covering book lungs and epigynal area.  Ventral abdomen uniformly covered with brown and black color hairs and bristles intermixed. Tracheae small and broad covered with brown hairs, situated just in front of spinnerets, colulus with two hairs.  Anterior spinnerets long with two segments, Posterior spinnerets two segmented with apical segment dome shaped.

Palp: Tibia digitiform with two short blunt apophyses and elevated retrolateral margin with distinct process.  Cymbium with lateral fold, distally truncated with a notch in the middle; dorsal cymbial flange hook-shaped overlaying palpal tibia.  Conductor large flap-like seen distally; tegulum large, sclerotized with very short and blunt tegular extension; embolus slender long and originates at 6 o’clock position of tegulum on short embolic base.

Comments: Suffasia gujaratensis comb. nov. possess some unique characters which have not been previously reported in Suffasia like presence of distal cymbial notch, dorsal cymbial hook, large tegulum and absence of cymbial lateral pit.  Though, S. attidiya possess large tegulum, moderately long embolus and short RTA, diagnosis for the genus is weak as variations within Suffasia spp. is high (like in the structure of cymbial flange, presence-absence of cymbial lateral pit; tibial apophysis structure, tegular shape and size; embolic length, etc.).   Therefore, we consider Suffasia as a species complex and multiple specimens of both the sexes for all the species will help in assigning robust diagnosis for the genus. 

Distribution: Jambughoda Wildlife Sanctuary, Gujarat, India.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Table 1. Legs and palp length of male Suffasia gujaratensis comb. nov. from Jambughoda Wildlife Sanctuary, Gujarat.

 

 

 

Fe

Pa

Ti

Me

Ta

Total

I

2.21

0.95

1.95

2.10

1.53

8.74

II

2.05

0.95

1.58

1.53

1.16

7.27

III

2.05

0.89

1.63

2.00

1.21

7.78

IV

2.58

1.00

2.26

3.00

1.68

10.52

PALP

1.18

0.55

0.58

–

1.79

4.10

 

 

 

References

 

Benjamin, S. P. (2007). The male of Suffasia attidiya (Araneae, Zodariidae). Journal of Arachnology 34: 636–637.

Dankittipakul, P., R. Jocqué & T. Singtripop (2012). Systematics and biogeography of the spider genus Mallinella Strand, 1906, with descriptions of new species and new genera from southeast Asia (Araneae, Zodariidae). Zootaxa 3369: 1–327.

Jocqué, R. (1991). A generic revision of the spider family Zodariidae (Araneae). Bulletin of American Museum of natural History 201: 1–160.

Jocqué,  R. (1992). A new species and the first males of Suffasia with a redilimation [sic] of the subfamilies of the Zodariidae (Araneae). Revue Suisse de Zoologie 99: 3–9.

Simon, E. (1905).  Arachnides (1re partie). In Voyage de M. Maurice Maindrondansl’ Indeméridionale. 7e Mémoire. Annals of Society of entomology, France 74: 160–180.

Simon, E. (1906). Arachnides (2e partie). In, Voyage de M. Maurice Maindrondansl’ Indeméridionale.8e Mémoire. Annals of Society of entomology, France 75: 279–314.

Thorell, T. (1881). Studi sui Ragni Malesi e Papuani. III. Ragni dell’Austro Malesia e del Capo York, conservati nel Museo civico di storia naturale di Genova. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova 17: 1–727.

Tikader, B.K. & B.H. Patel (1975). Studies on some rare spiders of the family Zodariidae from India. Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society 3: 137–139.

Walckenaer, C.A. (1805). Tableau des aranéides ou caractères essentiels des tribus, genres, familles et races que renferme le genre Aranea de Linné, avec la désignation des espèces comprises dans chacune de ces divisions. Paris, 88pp.

WSC (2017). World Spider Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern, online at http://wsc.nmbe.ch, version 18.0; accessed on 18th March 2017.