A checklist of the Long-horned Beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) of Arunachal Pradesh, northeastern India with several new reports

M.M. Kumawat 1, K. Mamocha Singh 2 & V.V. Ramamurthy 3

 

1 Department of Plant Protection, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Central Agricultural University, Pasighat, Arunachal Pradesh 791102, India

2 College of Post Graduate Studies, Central Agricultural University, Umiam (Barapani), Meghalaya 793103, India

3 Network Project on Insect Biosystematics, Division of Entomology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India

1 kumawatmm@gmail.com (corresponding author), 2 mamoento@gmail.com, 3 vvrento@gmail.com

 

doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/JoTT.o4007.7879-901 | ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:3FD13998-C970-4A4A-939B-67CBDC344020

 

 

Editor: Anonymity requested. Date of publication: 26 October 2015 (online & print)

 

Manuscript details: Ms # o4007 | Received 24 April 2014 | Final received 17 September 2015 | Finally accepted 21 September 2015

 

Citation: Kumawat, M.M., K.M. Singh & V.V. Ramamurthy (2015). A checklist of the Long-horned Beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) of Arunachal Pradesh, northeastern India with several new reports. Journal of Threatened Taxa 7(12): 7879–7901; http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/JoTT.o4007.7879-901

 

Copyright: © Kumawat et al. 2015. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. JoTT allows unrestricted use of this article in any medium, reproduction and distribution by providing adequate credit to the authors and the source of publication.

 

Funding: Central Agricultural University, Imphal, Manipur.

 

Conflict of Interest: The authors declare no competing interests.

 

Authors Details: Dr. M.M. Kumawat works as Assistant Professor. Presently, he is the Principal Investigator of All India Network Project on Vertebrate Pest Management, especially on rodents. He is also actively engaged in research activities on biological control based management of crop pests. Dr. K.M. Singh serves as Associate Professor. He has the experience of working in biological control of crop pests and weeds. Presently, he works on borer pests of agricultural crops. Dr. V.V. Ramamurthy has made significant contributions towards insect taxonomy in India, especially Coleoptera. He has described many new genera and species of insects and mites. He has served as National Coordinator of ICAR Network Project on Insect Biosystematics. He is the Chief Editor of Oriental Insects and Indian Journal of Entomology.

 

Authors Contribution: The survey works, collection of specimens and the information on host plants and biology are provided by MMK. The major parts of the manuscript are written by MMK. KMS contributed to the preparation of checklist and collection of literature for synonyms. VVR contributed significantly to species identification and formatting the checklist.

 

Acknowledgements: The authors are thankful to Dr. N.K. Krishnakumar, DDG, ICAR, New Delhi for encouragement to work on borers; to Dr. M. Premjit Singh, Vice-Chancellor, Central Agricultural University, Imphal and Dean, College of Horticulture and Forstery, Pasighat for providing the necessary facilities during the course of study; to the students of the College of Horticulture and Forstery, Pasighat for helping during the collection of specimens; and to two anonymous reviewers and Mr. B. Ravichandran for improvement of the manuscript.

 

 

 

 

Abstract: Northeastern India is one of the hot spots of mega biodiversity of the world. The collections of cerambycid beetles were made from the forest region of Arunachal Pradesh, India during 2008–2013. A total of 49 species of cerambycids were collected during the survey, belonging to three subfamilies and a checklist of all the species is provided. Taxonomic synonyms, bibiliography alongwith new distribution and list of host plants of the region are included. Rhytidodera griseofasciata is reported for the first time from India, besides seven other species, viz., Nupserha nigriceps, Pterolophia (Hylobrotus) tuberculatrix, Neocerambyx grandis, Olenecamptus indianus, Obereopsis obscura obscura, Aristobia reticulator, and Sarothrocera lowii are being reported from Arunachal Pradesh for the first time.

 

Keywords: Cerambycidae, Coleoptera, Long-horned Beetles, wood boring beetles.

 

 

 

Introduction

 

The state of Arunachal Pradesh situated in the northeastern region of India has six broad rich forest types. The location of the state is at the juncture of palaearctic, Indo–China and Indo–Myanmar bio–geographical regions. Longicorn beetles are forest insects that constitute one of the largest groups of wood boring beetles. Most are dead wood feeders while some contribute to regulating living forest and fruit trees including plantation crops, weeds, orchids etc. The family cerambycidae contains more than 35,000 species under 4,000 genera in 11 subfamilies (Lawrence 1982). A total 396 species of cerambycids were described by Gahan (1906) from the Indian subcontinent. About 1500 species of cerambycids were recorded from India (Beeson 1941; Breuning 1960–62, 1964, 1965, 1966). Sengupta & Sengupta 1981 recorded 16 cerambycids from Arunachal Pradesh. Later eight species of longicorns were reported in West Siang of Arunachal Pradesh by Singh et al. (2010). Several more species have been reported from India and adjacent countries (Holzschuh 1999, 2003; Ghate 2012; Agarwala & Bhattacharjee 2012).

Arunachal Pradesh covers an area of 83,743km2 and lies between 26028’–29030’N & 91020’–97030’E. Owing to great altitudinal variation, from less than 100m to above 5,000m climate varies with elevation and receives heavy rainfall of 80–160 inches (2,000–4,100 mm) annually, most of it between May to September and humidity ranges from 70–98 % (Hegde 2003). The complex geography and numerous altitudinal gradients support a high biodiversity hot spot enabling the cerambycids for better survival. The present study was taken up as an initiative to identify and document the longicorn beetles of this region.

 

 

Material and Methods

 

The study was conducted from 2008 to 2013 in subtropical plain and hill zone (East Siang, West Siang, Upper Siang, Lower Siang, Lohit, Changlang, Ziro and Papumpare districts) of Arunachal Pradesh. The longicorn beetles were collected from ornamental plants, old and fresh wooden logs, trees, weeds of the forest and also with light traps. The individual specimens were picked up with forceps, placed in a killing jar containing benzene, and pinned (Chandra et al. 2015). The specimens were dried and transferred to insect boxes and kept at the Department of Plant Protection, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Pasighat. Collected specimens were identified to species level following key characters provided by Gahan (1906), Rondon & Breuning (1970), Mukhopadhyay & Biswas (2000a), Mukhopadhyay & Halder (2004), Holzschuh (1999, 2003) and also compared with identified specimens present in the National Pusa Collection, Division of Entomology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi. The taxonomic synonyms were collected from various sources (Aurivillius 1912; Breuning 1957, 1964, 1965, 1966; Cherepanov 1979; Hayashi & Makihara 1981; Hayashi et al. 1988; Chemsak 1996; Holzschuh 1999, 2003; Makihara et al. 2002, 2008; Heffern 2005; Miguel 2005; Lobl & Smetana 2010) and compiled. The specimens discussed in this work were deposited in the National Pusa Collection, Division of Entomology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi.

 

 

Results and Discussion

 

During the five year survey, 49 species of cerambycids belonging to three subfamilies were recorded. Subfamily Lamiinae was found to be dominant with 28 species followed by Cerambycinae with 11 species. Subfamily Prioninae included 10 species. Rhytidodera griseofasciata Pic reported from China earlier is being reported from India for the first time during the present study. However, the biology and host plants of R. griseofasciata remain unknown. Beside this, seven species, viz., Nupserha nigriceps, Pterolophia (Hylobrotus) tuberculatrix, Neocerambyx grandis, Olenecamptus indianus, Obereopsis obscura obscura, Aristobia reticulator and Sarothrocera lowii are being reported from Arunachal Pradesh, northeastern India for the first time. The status of the new reports of the present study were confirmed by reviewing previously published literature of Zoological Survey of India (Sengupta & Sengupta 1981; Mukhopadhyay & Biswas 2000a, 2002b; Mukhopadhyay & Halder 2004; Anonymous 2006; Ramakrishna & Alfred 2006; Singh et al. 2007), Gahan (1906), Singh et al. (2010), Agarwala & Bhattacharjee (2012), CAB abstracts, Catalogue of life and Zoological records. The known host plants and colour images of all the specimens have also been included in the present paper.

 

 

Checklist of collected specimens

 

Family Cerambycidae

Subfamily Prioninae

1. Nepiodes costipennis costipennis (White, 1853) (Image 1)

Megopis costipennis White, 1853 Cat. Coleopt. Brit. Mus. Longicorn. 1 (7): 28.

Aegosoma lacertosum Pascoe, 1867 Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 3(19) 114: 413.

Aegosoma costipenne Gahan, 1906 Fauna Brit. India Col. 1:49.

Megopis (Megopis) costipennis Lameere, 1909 Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 53 (4): 147.

Aegosoma costipenne Mukhopadhyay & Halder, 2004 State Fauna Series ZSI 10: 421–431.

Nepiodes costipennis Komiya & Drumont, 2010 Elytra 38 (2): 169–192.

Nepiodes costipennis subsp. costipennis Lobl & Smetana 2010, Cat. Palaearctic Coleopt.–6, Apollo books: 40.

Specimens examined: CHF/2015/202, female, 12.iv.2012, forest ground, Pasighat (elevation 160m), Arunachal Pradesh, India, coll. Kumawat; CHF/2015/203, male, 12.iv.2012, forest ground, Pasighat (elevation 160m), Arunachal Pradesh, India, coll. Kumawat.

Distribution: Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Sikkim, Bangladesh, Myanmar.

Biology: N. costipennis recorded as boring into teak tree in Assam, India (Lefroy 1909).

Host Plants: Teak Tectona grandis; Kulsi teak plantation (Stebbing 1914).

 

2. Nepiodes bowringi (Gahan, 1894) (Image 2)

Aegosoma bowringi Gahan, 1894 Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 6 (14): 226.

Megopis (Megopis) bowringi Lameere, 1909

Megopis (Megopis) sulcipennis Hayashi, 1979 (nec White 1853)

Nepiodes bowringi Lobl & Smetana, 2010 Cat. Palaearctic Coleopt.–6, Apollo books: 86–87.

Nepiodes bowringi Komiya & Drumont, 2010 Elytra 38 (2): 169–192

Specimens examined: CHF/2015/206, male, 14.iii.2010, Light trap, Pasighat, (elevation 160m), Arunachal Pradesh, India, coll. Bilin Maying; CHF/2015/207, male, 26.v.2010, Banana field, Pasighat, (elevation 150–180 m), Arunachal Pradesh, India, coll. Kumawat; CHF/2015/208, female, 20.iv.2012, Forest floor, Pasighat (elevation 170m), Arunachal Pradesh, India, coll. Kumawat.

Distribution: India, Myanmar, Nepal

Biology: Unknown

Host Plants: Unknown

 

3. Aegolipton marginale (Fabricius, 1775) (Image 3)

Cerambyx marginalis Fabricius, 1775 Officina Libraria Kortii: 30 + 169.

Cerambyx marginalis Olivier, 1795 Imprimerie de Lanneau 4: 7.

Cerambyx marginalis Fabricius, 1801 Bibliopoli Acad. Novi, Kiliae 2: 1–280.

Aegosoma marginale White, 1853 Proc. Zoo. Soc. Lond. 21 (249): 27.

Aegosoma marginale White, 1853 Cat. Coleopt. Brit. Mus. Lond. (1)7: 31

Aegosoma javanicum Redtenbacher, 1868 Zool. Theil. Zweiter Band: Coleopt. 2: 202.

Aegosoma marginale Pascoe, 1869 Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 3 (3) 7: 679.

Aegosoma marginale Lansberge, 1884 Notes Leyden Mus. 6 (3): 156.

Aegosoma marginale Gahan, 1900 Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 5 (7) 28: 347.

Aegosoma marginale Gahan, 1906 Fauna Brit. India Col. 1: 45.

Megopis (Baralipton) marginalis Lameere, 1909 Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 53 (4): 152.

Megopis (Baralipton) marginalis Lameere, 1913 Coleopt. Cat. (52) 22:42.

Megopis (Baralipton) marginalis Kano, 1933 Kontyu 6 (5–6): 260.

Megopis (Aegolipton) marginalis Gressitt, 1940 Philippine J. Sci., 72 (1–2): 23.

Megopis (Aegolipton) marginalis Gressitt, 1951 Longicornia 2: 15.

Cerambyx marginalis Zimsen, 1964 Copenhagen, Munksgaard 166.

Megopis (Baralipton) marginalis Duffy, 1968 Brit. Mus (Nat. Hist.), London: 52.

Megopis (Aegolipton) marginalis Gressitt & Rondon, 1970 Pacific Insects Mono. 24: 18.

Megopis (Aegolipton) marginalis Hudepohl, 1990 Ent. Zeitschrift fur Ent. 11 (18): 286.

Megopis marginalis Hua 2002 Zhongshan (Sun Yat–sen) Univ. Press, Guangzhou 2: 214.

Aegolipton marginale Komiya, 2005 Elytra 33 (1): 152, 178.

Aegolipton yunnanensis Feng & Chen, 2007 Acta Zootaxo. Sinica 32 (3): 717–720.

Aegolipton marginale Feng & Chen, 2007 Acta Zootaxo. Sinica 32 (3): 717.

Aegolipton marginale Lobl & Smetana, 2010 Cat. Palaearctic Coleopt. - 6, Apollo books: 38.

Specimen examined: CHF/2015/209, male, 22.iii.2012, Forest floor, Pasighat, (elevation 150–180 m), Arunachal Pradesh, India, coll. Bhutia.

Distribution: Peninsula of southeastern Asia including China, Java, Sumatra, Banka, Borneo, Celebes, Amboina, India, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Laos, Taiwan, Formosa.

Biology: Unknown

Host Plants: Unknown

 

4. Dorysthenes (Lophosternus) indicus (Hope, 1831) (Image 4)

Prionus indicus Hope, 1831 Gray’s Zool. Misc. 1: 27.

Lophosternus (Cyrtosternus) hopei Guerin, 1844 Icon. Regne Anim. Ins.: 210.

Cyrthognathus indicus White, 1853 Cat. Coleopt. Brit. Mus. 7: 1–6.

Cyrtognathus indicus Lameere, 1890 Comptes–Rendus des Sea. de la Soc. Ento. Belg. (4): 13.

Lophosternus indicus Gahan, 1906 Fauna Brit. India Col. 1: 10.

Lophosternus socius Gahan, 1906 Fauna Brit. India, Col. 1: 11.

Dorysthenes (Lophosternus) indicus Lameere, 1913 Col. Cat. 52: 68.

Dorysthenes (Lophosternus) indicus Villiers & Chujo, 1966 J. College Arts Sci.4 (4): 550.

Dorysthenes indicus Hua, 2002 Zhongshan (Sun Yat–sen) Univ. Press, Guangzhou, 2: 1–205.

Lophosternus socius Mukhopadhyay & Halder, 2004 State Fauna Series ZSI India, 10: 424.

Dorysthenes indicus Weigel, 2006 Ver. der Fre. und For. des Naturk. Erfurt e. 5: 497.

Specimen examined: CHF/2015/212, male, 2.x.2008, Pasighat (elevation 160m), Arunachal Pradesh, India, Coll. Madhu.

Distribution: Arunachal Pradesh, Bhutan, China, Nepal, Tibet.

Biology: Unknown

Host Plants: Unknown

 

5. Dorysthenes (Lophosternus) huegelii (Redtenbacher 1848) (Image 5)

Cyrtognathus hugelii Redtenbacher, 1848 Hugel’s Kaschmir 4 (2): 550.

Cyrtognathus indicus hugelii White, 1853

Cyrthognathus falco Thomson, 1877 Rev. Mag. Zool. (3) 5 (40): 262.

Lophosternus falco Gahan, 1906 Fauna Brit. India, Col. 1: 11.

Lophosternus hugelii Gahan, 1906 Fauna Brit. India Col. 1: 12.

Lophosternus palpalis Gahan, 1906 Fauna Brit. India Col. 1: 12.

Dorysthenes (Lophosternus) hugeli Lameere, 1911 Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 55 (9): 330.

Dorysthenes (Lophosternus) hugeli var. falco Lameere, 1913 Coleopt. Cat. (52) 22:69. 

Dorysthenes (Lophosternus) hugeli var. palpalis Lameere, 1913 Coleopt. Cat. (52) 22:69. 

Dorysthenes (Lophosternus) hugely Gressitt, 1950 Indian For. Rec. 8 (2): 9.

Dorysthenes hugelii Weigel, 2006 Ver. der Fre. und For. des Naturk. Erfurt e. 5: 497.

Specimen examined: CHF/2015/214, male, 10.iv.2010, Forest ground, Pasighat (elevation 150m), Arunachal Pradesh, India, coll. M.M. Kumawat.

Distribution: Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Darjeeling, Kashmir, Sikkim, China, Nepal.

Biology: Adults start emerging with the onset of pre–monsoon rains during the second fortnight of June and the majority of the beetles (75–80 %) emerge by the first week of July but the emergence continues up to the second week of August depending upon the frequency of rainfall (Sharma & Khajuria 2005). The eggs are placed in an interstic in the bark (Stebbing 1914). The eggs are also laid 8–12 mm below the soil surface and after hatching the grubs initially feed on organic matter and then bore into the roots of the tree. It takes up to 3.5 years for them to mature (Atwal & Dhaliwal 1997).

Host Plants: It is a serious pest of apple trees. (Verma & Thapa 2005). The larvae also bore into the roots of oak trees, Quercus sp. (David & Ramamurthy 2012).

 

6. Bandar pascoei pascoei (Lansberge, 1884) (Image 6)

Macrotoma Pascoei Lansberge, 1884 Notes Leyden Mus. 6: 144.

Macrotoma luzonum Pascoe, 1869 Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. (3)3: 666.

Macrotoma fisheri Waterhouse, 1884 Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5)14: 382.

Macrotoma fisheri Gahan, 1906 Fauna Brit. India Col. 1: 35.

Macrotoma (Bander) Fisheri Lameere, 1912 Mem. Soc. Ent. Belg. 21: 144.

Macrotoma (Bander) Pascoei Lameere, 1912 Mem. Soc. Ent. Belg. 21: 144.

Macrotoma (Bander) fisheri Gressitt, 1951 Longicornia 2: 11.

Macrotoma (Bander) fisheri ssp. khoi Hayashi, 1975 Bull. Osaka Jonan Women’s Jr. Coll. 10: 168.

Macrotoma fischeri Heyrovsky, 1976 Kumbu Himal 5: 125.

Bander pascoei pascoei Quentin & Villiers, 1981 Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 17(1): 363.

Specimens examined: CHF/2015/217, male, 01.iv.2010, light trap, Pasighat (elevation 160m), Arunachal Pradesh, India, coll. Jeebit; CHF/2015/218, female, 30.v.2011, light trap, Pasighat (elevation 160m), Arunachal Pradesh, India, coll. Bilin Maying.

Distribution: Sri Lanka, India, Tibet, Nepal, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Billiton Island, Banga Island, southern China and Hainan Island.

Biology: Unknown.

Host Plants: Castanea mollisima, Diospyros kaki, Malus pumila, Pistacia chinensis, Prunus armeniaca, P. persica, Pyrus serotina and Quercus variabilis (Gressitt 1951).

 

7. Anomophysis plagiata (Waterhouse, 1884) (Image 7)

Macrotoma plagiata Waterhouse, 1884 Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) 14 (84): 381.

Macrotoma vidua Lameere, 1903 Mem. Ent. Soc. Belg. 11: 167, 199.

Macrotoma plagiata Gaha,n 1906 Fauna Brit. India Col.1: 37.

Macrotoma (Zooblax) plagiata Lameere, 1913 Coleopt. Cat. (52) 22: 28.

Macrotoma (Zooblax) vidua Lameere, 1913 Coleopt. Cat. (52) 22: 28

Macrotoma (Zooblax) plagiata Lameere, 1919 Coleopt. Generate Insecto. 172: 51.

Macrotoma (Zooblax) crenata Gressitt & Rondon, 1970 Pacific Insects Mono. 24: 13.

Anomophysis plagiata Quentin & Villiers, 1981 Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr.17 (3): 361, 376, 383.

Specimens examined: CHF/2015/222, male, 20.iv.2010, light trap, Pasighat (elevation 160m), Arunachal Pradesh, India, coll. Bilin Maying. CHF/2015/223, female, 14.iii.2010, light trap, Pasighat (elevation 160m), Arunachal Pradesh, India, coll. Bilin Maying.

Distribution: Central Asia, Sri Lanka, India, Pakistan, Afganistan, Burma, Laos.

Biology: Unknown

Host Plants: Unknown

 

8. Prionomma atratum (Gmelin, 1789) (Image 8)

Prionus atratum Gmelin, 1789 Syst. Nat. 1(4): 1818.

Prionus orientalis Olivier, 1795 Ent. 4 (66): 28.

Prionus tranquebaricus Fabricius, 1798 Ent. Syst. Suppl. 141.

Prionus buphtalmus Fabricius, 1801 Bibliopoli Academici Novi Kiliae 2: 1–687.

Armiger hussarus ceilonensis Voet, 1806 La Haye Bakhuysen 2: 1–254.

Prionoma orientalis White, 1853 Cat. Col. Brit. Mus. Longic. 1 (7): 19.

Prionomma atratum Gahan, 1906 Fauna Brit. India Col. 1:17.

Prionoma (Prionomma) atratum Lameere, 1910 Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 54: 279.

Prionomma atratum Quentin & Villiers, 1981 Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 17 (3): 361– 383.

Specimens examined: CHF/2015/227, male, 05.v.2010, light trap, Pasighat (elevation 160m), Arunachal Pradesh, India, coll. Sanchi; CHF/2015/228, female, 08.iv.2008, forest logs, Pasighat (elevation 180m), Arunachal Pradesh, India, coll. Evoni.

Distribution: Sri Lanka, southern India, Arunachal Pradesh.

Biology: The adult appears in June–July. It is a borer of stumps and decaying logs making very large tunnels, the mature larva being over five inches long (Beeson 1941).

Host Plants: Abies pindrow, A. webbiana, Juglans regia, Ficus excelsa, Boswellia serrata (Beeson 1941; Duffy 1968).

 

9. Rhaphipodus subopacus Gahan, 1890 (Image 9)

Rhaphipodus subopacus Gahan, 1890 Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 6: 48.

Rhaphipodus (Rhaphipodus) subopacus Lameere, 1903 Mem. Ent. Soc. Belg. 11: 73

Rhaphipodus subopacus Gahan, 1906 Fauna Brit. India Col. 1: 32

Rhaphipodus subopacus Lameere, 1912 Mem. Ent. Soc. Belg. 21: 138

Specimen examined: CHF/2015/231, female, 13.iv.2008, forest logs, Pasighat (elevation 150m), Arunachal Pradesh, India, coll. Pooja.

Distribution: Arunachal Pradesh, Mumbai, Tamilnadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal

Biology: Larvae bores into the dead wood (Duffy 1968; Mathur & Singh 1961).

Host Plants: Sapium sebiferum, Salmalia malabarica (Duffy 1968); Ailanthus triphysa (Verma 1986).

 

10. Baralipton maculosum Thomson, 1857 (Image 10)

Baralipton maculosum Thomson, 1857 Arch. Ent.1: 341–344.

Megopis maculosa Lameere, 1909 Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg 53(4): 135–170.

Megopis maculosa Gressitt 1940 Philippine J. Sci. 72 (1–2): 1–239.

Baralipton maculosum Lepesme & Breuning, 1952 Trans. IXth Inter. Cong. Ent., Amsterdam 11: 139–142.

Megopis maculosa Gressitt & Rondon, 1970 Pacific Insects Mono. 24: 1–314.

Baralipton maculosum Komiya, 2003 Elytra 31 (1): 43–54.

Specimens examined: CHF/2015/233, male, 19.iv.2009, light trap, Pasighat (elevation 150m), Arunachal Pradesh, India, coll. Herojit; CHF/2015/234, female, 23.v.2010, light trap, Pasighat (elevation 150m), Arunachal Pradesh, India, coll. Sanchi.

Distribution: Arunachal Pradesh, Myanmar, Thailand

Biology: Unknown

Host Plants: Unknown

 

 

 

Subfamily: Lamiinae

11. Apomecyna saltator (Fabricius, 1787) (Image 11)

Lamia saltator Fabricius, 1787 Hafniae, Proft 1: 141

Apomecyna neglecta Pascoe, 1865 Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 3, 3, 1: 152.

Apomecyna pertigera Thomson, 1868 Physis Rec. Hist. Nat. 2, 6: 160.

Apomecyna niveosparsa Fairmaire, 1895 Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 39: 185.

Apomecyna multinotata Pic, 1918 Mel. Exot. Ent. 28: 5.

Apomecyna tonkinea Pic, 1918 Mel. Exot. Ent. 28: 5.

Apomecyna sinensis Pic, 1918 Mel. Exot. Ent. 28: 5.

Apomecyna excavaticeps Pic, 1918 Mel. exot. Ent. 28: 6.

Apomecyna subuniformis Pic, 1944 Opusc. Mart. 13: 14.

Specimen examined: CHF/2015/235, male, 01.iv.2010, forest weeds, East Siang (elevation 180m), Arunachal Pradesh, India, coll. T. Riba.

Distribution: Widely distributed in all over India, subtropical China, Pakistan, Taiwan and Vietnam.

Biology: The grubs are brownish in colour having flattened head and thorax, soft and distinctly segmented abdomen. Eggs are laid single in the epidermis of the stems. On hatching, grubs bore into the long trailing stems or near the node and tunnel inside. Adult beetles gnaw the leaf petioles and soft parts of the stem. Egg, larval and pupal periods last for 5–7, 31–35 and 7–9 days, respectively (Srivastava & Butani 2009; Muthukrishnan et al. 2005).

Host Plants: Ivy gourd, bottle gourd, ridge gourd, snake gourd, sponge gourd, pumpkin (Beeson 1941; Nair 1975; David & Ramamurthy 2012).

 

12. Apomecyna cretacea (Hope, 1831) (Image 12)

Callidium cretaceum Hope, 1831 Gray’s Zool. Misc.1: 28.

Apomecyna proba Newman, 1842 The Entomologist 1, 19: 299.

Apomecyna perroteti Thomson, 1868 Physis Rec. Hist. Nat. 2, 6: 159.

Apomecyna laosensis Pic, 1938 Bull. Soc. Ent. France 43: 124.

Apomecyna cretacea Rondon & Breuning, 1971 Pacific Insects Mono. 24: 352.

Apomecyna cretacea Hua, 2002 Zhongshan (Sun Yat–sen) Univ. Press, Guangzhou, 2: 1–612.

Apomecyna (Apomecyna) cretacea Lobl & Smetana, 2010 Cat. Palaearctic Coleopt.-6, Apollo books: 228.

Specimen examined: CHF/2015/237, male, 20.iv.2010, forest weeds, East Siang (elevation 180m), Arunachal Pradesh, India, coll. Subhash.

Distribution: India, Himalayan India, India, Nepal, Subtropical China, Taiwan, Laos, Philippines, S. Asia, Manila

Biology: Biology similar to that of A. saltator. More common in south India (Srivastava & Butani 2009).

Host Plants: Cucurbitaceous plants

 

13. Apomecyna histrio histrio (Fabricius, 1793) (Image 13)

Lamia histrio Fabricius, 1793 Hafniae, Proft 1, 2: 288.

Saperda alboguttata Megerle, 1802 Appendix Novus, 473: 10.

Apomecyna histrio Castelnau, 1840 P. Dumenil 2: 492.

Apomecyna alboguttata Dejean, 1821 Crevot :

Apomecyna histrio Blanchard, 1849 Paris, Deterville and Crochard: 68.

Apomecyna (Apomecyna) quadrifasciata Thomson, 1868 Physis Rec. Hist. Nat. 2, 6: 159.

Apomecyna maculaticollis Pic, 1918 Mel. exot. Ent. 28: 6.

Saperda alboguttata Bousquet et al., 2009 Zootaxa 2321: 26.

Apomecyna histrio histrio Ohbayashi & Niisato, 2007 Tokai Univ. Press, Kanagawa: 532. 

Specimen examined: CHF/2015/238, male, 05.v.2010, wild cucurbits, East Siang (elevation 180m), Arunachal Pradesh, India, coll. S. Tamang.

Distribution: Himalayan India, North East India, Japan, Korean Peninsula (South Korea), Laos, Moluccas, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Siberia (East Siberia), Subtropical China, Taiwan.

Biology: The pest overwinters as grub inside the stem from October to February. Adult emergence from stems takes place usually during May. Incubation, grub and pupal periods last for 5–6, 22–33 and 6–8 days, respectively. A life cycle is completed in 35–46 days and adult longevity is 33–39 days (Lefroy 1909). There are 3 to four generations in a year.

Host Plants: Ridge gourd, smooth gourd, sponge gourd (Srivastava & Butani 2009), chow-chow, Sechium eduli; Coccinia indica (David & Ramamurthy 2012) and Cephalandra sp.

 

14. Apomecyna tigrina indica Breuning, 1969 (Image 14)

Apomecyna tigrina Thomson, 1857 Arch. Ent. 1: 343.

Apomecyna tigrina Rondon & Breuning, 1971 Pacific Insects Mono. 24: 353.

Apomecyna tigrina Hua, 2002 Zhongshan (Sun Yat–sen) Univ. Press, Guangzhou, 2: 195.

Apomecyna tigrina indica Breuning, 1969 Bull. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat. 2, 41, 3: 655–670.

Specimens examined: CHF/2015/241, male, 13.xi.2008, light trap, Pasighat (elevation 150m), Arunachal Pradesh, India, coll. Carmel; CHF/2015/242, female, 02.iv.2010, wild cucurbits, East Siang (elevation 160m), Arunachal Pradesh, India, coll. Kumawat.

Distribution: Himalayan India, India (North East India), China, Indonasia, Laos.

Biology: Unknown

Host Plants: Unknown

 

15. Aristobia approximator (Thomson, 1865) (Image 15)

Celosterna approximator Thomson, 1865 Mem. Soc. R. Sci. Liege 19: 552.

Aristobia birmanica Gahan, 1895 Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova 34: 40.

Aristobia approximator Breuning, 1943 Novit. Entomol., third supp. (89–106): 190.

Aristobia approximator m. birmanica Breuning, 1943 Novit. Entomol., third supp., (89–106): 190.

Aristobia approximator m. birmanica Breuning & Chujo, 1966 Mem. Fac. Lib. Arts Edu. Kagawa Univ. 2 (135): 1–4.

Aristobia approximator Mukhopadhyay & Halder, 2004 State Fauna Series ZSI, India, 10: 423.

Aristobia approximatrix Lobl & Smetana, 2010 Cat. Palaearctic Coleopt.-6, Apollo books: 278.

Specimen examined: None

Distribution: Nepal, India, Cambodia, Myanmar, Subtropical China, Yunnan, Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia

Biology: The adult beetle emerges in June to July. Females lay their eggs on the branches of the litchi tree; the grubs bore into thebark and feed beneath it. Later, grubs enter deep into the sapwood. The last larval instars were observed in the last week of April to the first week of May. The freshly emerged adults were found in the pupal chamber in the middle of June in Pasighat, Arunachal Pradesh. Only one generation is completed in a year.

Host Plants: Dimocarpus longana, Lagerstroemia calyculata, Casurina spp.

 

16. Aristobia reticulator (Voet, 1778) (Image 16)

Cerambyx testudo Voet, 1778 La Haye Bakh. 2: 29

Lamia reticulator Fabricius, 1781 Bohn; Hamburgi et Kilonii 1: 219

Celosterna reticulator, Thomson 1860 Paris: 85

Celosterna testudo Thomson, 1860 Paris: 85

Celosterna clathrator Thomson, 1865 Mem. Soc. R. Sci. Liege 19: 552

Aristobia reticulator Heyne & Taschenberg, 1908 Leipzig Schreiber 25/26: 241.

Aristobia testudo Breuning, 1943 Novit. Entomol., third supp. (89–106): 189.

Lamia reticulator Zimsen, 1964 Copenhagen, Munksgaard, 170.

Aristobia testudo Mukhopadhyay & Halder, 2004 State Fauna Series ZSI, India, 10: 423.

Aristobia reticulatrix Lobl and Smetana, 2010 Cat. Palaearctic Coleopt.–6, Apollo books: 278.

Aristobia reticulator Jiroux et al., 2014 Les Cahiers Magellanes (NS) 14: 71, 84, 113.

Aristobia reticulator Agarwala & Bhattacharjee, 2015 Coleopt. Bull. 69(2): 205–212.

Specimen examined: CHF/2015/243, male, 23.vii.2010, litchi, Pasighat (elevation 150m), Arunachal Pradesh, India, coll. Kumawat; CHF/2015/244, female, 15.vi.2012, litchi, Pasighat (elevation 150m), Arunachal Pradesh, India, coll. Kumawat.

Distribution: Northeastern Himalayan range of India, Nepal, China, Vietnam.

Biology: One generation was observed each year with adults emerging in July. They removed bark rings around twigs, which then withered. Eggs were laid individually under the bark mainly in August, hatched generally in September and fed below the bark before hibernation (August–December). After hibernation the larvae bored into the wood, producing tunnels up to about 60cm long (Ho et al. 1990).

Host Plants: Litchi, Guava, Pigeonpea (Shylesha et al. 2000; Firake et al. 2012), Microcos paniculata (Agarwala & Bhattacharjee 2015) and Dimocarpus longana. The species is reported for the first time on litchi, Litchi chinensis in Pasighat, Arunachal Pradesh during the present study. The litchi plantations of the region including research farm of litchi in the College of Horticulture and Forestry, CAU, India suffered heavily.

Remarks: A. approximator characterized by the presence of a strong tuft of hairs at the apical half of the third antennal segment only in both sexes, whereas A. reticulator possesses tufts of hairs on the apices of the third, fourth, and most often on fifth antennal segments; these tufts are most prominent on the third segment, less so on the fourth segment, and feebly so, if present, on the fifth segment (Hua 2002; Jiroux et al. 2014; Agarwala & Bhattacharjee 2015).

 

17. Batocera parryi (Hope, 1846) (Image 17)

Lamia (Batocera) calanus Parry, 1845 Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 14: 86

Lamia parryi Hope, 1846 Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1, 4: 77

Megacriodes guttata Vollenhoven, 1871 Tijdschr. Ent.: 110

Batocera fabricii Thomson, 1878 Rev. Mag. Zool. 3, 6: 54

Batocera albofasciata Heyne & Taschenberg, 1908 Leipzig, Schreiber 25/26: 242.

Batocera calanus var. bimaculata Schwarzer 1914 Ent. Mitteil. 3: 280

Batocera calanus var. immaculata Schwarzer, 1914 Ent. Mitteil. 3: 280

Semibatocera calana Kriesche, 1915 Arch. f. Naturg. 80A 11: 115

Batocera (Semibatocera) parryi narada Kriesche, 1928 Deutsche Ent. Z.: 45

Batocera parryi Perger & Vitali, 2012 Les Cahiers Magellanes NS 7: 11,15

Specimen examined: CHF/2015/250, female, 30.iv.2011, light trap, Pasighat (elevation 150m), Arunachal Pradesh, India, coll. Hammer.

Distribution: Borneo, Himalayan India, India, Java, Malayan Peninsula, Myanmar, Sumatra, Vietnam

Biology: Unknown

Host Plants: Unknown

 

18. Batocera rubus rubus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Image 18)

Cerambyx rubus Linnaeus, 1758 Laur. Salvius Holmiae 10, 1: 390

Cerambyx albofasciatus Degeer, 1775 Stockholm, Impr. Pierre Hesselberg 5: 106

Cerambyx stigma Voet, 1778 La Haye Bakh. 2: 37

Cerambyx albomaculatus Retzius, 1783 Cruse: 138

Lamia octomaculata Fabricius, 1793 Hafniae, Proft 1, 2: 290

Batocera rubus Dejean, 1835 Crevot 2: 4

Lamia (Lamia) rubus Audinet-Serville, 1835 Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1, 4: 94

Batocera rubus Blanchard, 1845 Paris Didot 2: 175

Batocera sarawakensis Thomson, 1858 Arch. Ent. 1: 452

Batocera octomaculata Thomson, 1858 Arch. Ent. 1: 454

Lamia octomaculata = albofasciatus Degeer, 1775, Thomson 1858, Arch. Ent. 1: 454

Lamia octomaculata = stigma Voet, 1778, Thomson 1858 Arch. Ent. 1: 454

Batocera rubus Thomson, 1858 Arch. Ent. 1: 456

Batocera sabina Thomson, 1878 Rev. Mag. Zool. 3, 6: 52

Batocera albofasciata Stebbing, 1914 Indian For. Ins.: 366

Batocera rubus var. bipunctata Kriesche, 1915 Arch. f. Naturg. 80A 11: 134

Batocera rubus var. punctatella Kriesche, 1915 Arch. f. Naturg. 80A 11: 135

Batocera formosana Kriesche, 1915 Arch. f. Naturg. 80A 11: 136

Batocera siporensis Schwarzer, 1930 Treubia 12: 122

Batocera lombokensis Breuning, 1947 Ark. Zool. 39A 6: 16

Batocera dividopunctata Gilmour & Dibb, 1948 Spolia Zeylanica 25: 61

Cerambyx rubus Bousquet et al., 2009 Zootaxa 2321: 27

Batocera rubus Perger & Vitali, 2012 Les Cahiers Magellanes NS 7: 11,16

Specimens examined: CHF/2015/252, male, 15.vi.2010, light trap, East Siang (elevation 150m), Arunachal Pradesh, India, coll. Bhutia; CHF/2015/253, female, 06.iv.2011, forest of East Siang (elevation 150m), Arunachal Pradesh, India, coll. Bidhya.

Distribution: Borneo, Himalayan India, India, Japan, Korean Peninsula, Laos, Lesser Sunda, Malayan peninsula, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Subtropical China, China, Saudi Arabia, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam

Biology: The beetles emerged during April. The eggs are laid on the bark or on wounds in the months of April to May. The larvae on hatching, tunnel through the bark till they reach the bast and then bore deeper and eat out a winding gallery. The larvae spend about nine months and enter into pupal stage which lasts from six weeks to two months. The grubs pupate in January or February. There is only one generation per year (Stebbing 1914).

Host Plants: Indian rubber, Ficus elastic, Careya arborea, mango, fig and many other forest trees.

 

19. Batocera horsfieldi Hope, 1839 (Image 19)

Batocera horsfieldi Hope, 1839 Proc. Linn. Soc. Lond. 1: 42.

Batocera adelpha Thomson, 1859 Baillere: 77.

Batocera kuntzeni Kriesche, 1915 Arch. f. Naturg. 80A 11 : 139.

Batocera horsfieldi m. flavicans Breuning, 1948 Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Belg. 24, 38: 15.

Specimen examined: CHF/2015/257, male, 05.vi.2011, light trap, Pasighat (elevation 150m), Arunachal Pradesh, India, coll. Donald.

Distribution: Bhutan, Himalayan India, India, Myanmar, Palaearctic China.

Biology: Adults emerge in early June and continue till July. The adults live for about four months. Adults rest on their food plants and feed on the bark of the young twigs. A single female lays 55–60 eggs in the bark. The grubs bore into the bark and reach into the sap wood. It pupates in a chamber under the bark. The life cycle completes in 22–32 months (Rahman & Khan 1942).

Host Plants: Aliius nepaleusis, Juglans regia, Quercus incana, Walnut, Salix tetrasperma, Trema amboinensis and Parlowina tomentosa (Beeson 1941).

Remarks: B. horsfieldi characterized by the presence of smoky or grayish pubescence on black elytra with multi striped whitish longitudinal pubescence bands are present on middle of each elytron. Mesepimeron covered with whitish pubescence leaving a narrow triangular mark uncovered near the juncture of mesepisternum. Lateral lobes of apical tegmen of male genitalia are narrow, long and less jointed from their base to each other. Batocera lineolata is closely related species possesses reddish-brown or dark brown elytra covered with brownish pubescence with cloudy striped longitudinal whitish yellow pubescence band on each elytron. Mesepimeron covered with dense whitish pubescence without leaving a narrow triangular mark. Lateral lobes of apical tegmen are broad and their basal half jointed to each other. The median lobe of male B. horsfieldi is broad at base as compared to B. lineolata (Ponpinij 2011; Ying et al. 2012).

 

20. Batocera rufomaculata rufomaculata (De Geer, 1775) (Image 20)

Cerambyx rufomaculatus De Geer, 1775 Stockholm, Impr. Pierre Hesselberg 5: 107

Cerambyx rubiginosus Voet, 1778 La Haye Bakh. 2: 14

Cerambyx cruentatus Gmelin, 1790 Lipsiae Beer 13, 1, 4: 1863

Batocera rufomaculata m. flavescens Breuning 1950 Longicornia 1: 519

Batocera rufomaculata Breuning, 1957 Inst. Rech. sc. Tananarive-Ts. 4: 10

Cerambyx rubus = rubiginosus Voet, 1778, Thomson 1858 Arch. Ent. 1: 456

Cerambyx rubus = rufomaculatus Degeer, 1775, Thomson 1858 Arch. Ent. 1: 456

Cerambyx rubus = cruentatus Gmelin, 1790, Thomson 1858 Arch. Ent. 1: 456

Batocera diana Nonfried, 1892 Deutsche Ent. Z. 2: 276

Batocera (Batocera) rufomaculata Duffy, 1960 Brist. Mus. (Nat. Hist.): 187

Batocera rufomaculata  Rigout, 1981 Sciences Nat: 86

Batocera rufomaculata  Chalumeau & Touroult, 2005 Pensoft Publ.: 141

Batocera rufomaculata  Sakenin et al., 2011 Calodema 143: 7

Specimens examined: CHF/2015/259, male, 15.vi.2010, light trap, Pasighat (elevation 150m), Arunachal Pradesh, India, coll. Mantu; CHF/2015/260, female, 06.vi.2010, light trap, Pasighat (elevation 150m), Arunachal Pradesh, India, coll. Pinku.

Distribution: Comoros, East Turkey, Egypt, Himalayan India, India, Iran, Israel, Lebanon, Madagascar, Mascarene, Nepal, Pakistan, Palaearctic China, Oman, Yemen, Syria.

Biology: The female chews a small depression in the bark and inserts an egg under it. The neonate larvae initially feed under the bark then migrate into the heartwood. The larval and pupal stages last about 280 and 24–29 days, respectively (Husain & Khan 1940; Sudhi et al. 2008; Kulkarni 2010).

Host Plants: Mango, fig, durian, mulberry, jackfruit, eucalyptus, Bombax ceiba, Ceiba pentandra, and Syzygium cumini. Anacardium occidentale, Artocarpus heterophyllus, Careya arborea, Ceiba pentandra, Hevea brasiliensis, Syzygium cumini (Mathew 1982). It is a polyphagous pest and about 50 host plants are known (CABI 2007).

 

21. Batocera numitor Newman, 1842 (Image 21)

Batocera numitor Newman, 1842 The Entomologist 1, 17: 275

Batocera ajax Thomson, 1858 Arch. Ent. 1: 455

Batocera ajax = ajax Dejean, 1837, Thomson, 1858 Arch. Ent. 1: 455

Batocera ferruginea Thomson, 1858 Arch. Ent. 1: 456

Batocera numitor titana Thomson 1859 Baillere: 82

Batocera javanica Thomson, 1859 Baillere: 83

Batocera loki Kriesche, 1915 Arch. f. Naturg. 80A 11: 143

Batocera numitor var. sumatrensis Aurivillius, 1922 Coleopt. Cat. 73: 126

Batocera numitor var. palawanicola Kriesche, 1928 Deutsche Ent. Z.: 47

Batocera rufopunctata Breuning, 1956 Bull. Inst. Roy. Sc. Nat. Belg. 32, 25: 1

Batocera numitor Rigout 1982 Sci. Nat.: 32

Specimens examined: CHF/2015/262, female, 23.v.2010, forest logs, Pasighat (elevation 160m), India, coll. Sanjeev; CHF/2015/263, female, 19.vii.2010, light trap, Pasighat (elevation 180m), India, coll. Mantu; CHF/2015/264, male, 09.iv.2010, light trap, West Siang (elevation 210m), Arunachal Pradesh, India, coll. Mantu.

Distribution: Himalayan India, India, Java, Nepal, Palaearctic China, Subtropical China, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam

Biology: The beetle makes its appearance from July to August. The eggs are laid in wounds or on the bark having no strength to resist the tunneling. The grub bores into the stem and become full grown in March than it pupates for three months. The life cycle is annual. The beetle was studied by Stebbing (1914) under the name of Batocera titana (Beeson 1941).

Host Plants: Anthocephalus cadamba, Hodgsonia heteroclita, Mangifera indica, Ochroma lagopus, Sterculia villosa (Beeson 1941); Alstonia spp., Ceiba pentandra (Bhasin et al. 1958)

 

22. Apriona germarii germarii (Hope, 1831) (Image 22)

Apriona germarii Hope, 1831 Gray’s Zool. Misc.1: 28.

Apriona germarii Chevrolat, 1852 Rev. Mag. Zool. (2) 4: 415.

Apriona germarii Thomson, 1864 Mem. Soc. R. Sci. Liege 19: 74.

Apriona deyrollei Kaup, 1866 Einige Ceramb.: 7.

Apriona cribrata Thomson, 1878 Rev. Mag. Zool. 3, 6: 57.

Apriona germari Stebbing, 1914 Indian For. Ins.: 371.

Apriona germari Huang et al., 2009 Les Cahiers Magellanes 94: 8 (4).

Apriona germari Jiroux, 2011 Les Cahiers Magellanes NS 5: 59, 83.

Lamia germarii = cribrata Thomson, 1878, Jiroux 2011 Les Cahiers Magellanes NS 5: 59.

Lamia germarii = deyrollei Kaup, 1866, Jiroux 2011, Les Cahiers Magellanes NS 5: 59.

Apriona germari Hussain & Buhroo, 2012 Nat. Sci. 10, 1: 24.

Apriona germari Hussain 2012 J. Amer. Sci. 8, 8: 961.

Specimens examined: CHF/2015/266, male, 12.iv.2010, light trap, Pasighat (elevation 150m), Arunachal Pradesh, India, coll. Mantu; CHF/2015/267, female, 21.v.2009, light trap, Basar (elevation 575m), Arunachal Pradesh, India, coll. T. Riba.

Distribution: Bhutan, Himalayan India, India, Nepal

Biology: Both pupae and beetles are found in the middle of July. Adults lay eggs on the bark of the stems. The young grubs start eating on the bark and then enter into the heartwood and tunnel up and down (Stebbing 1914) In Andhra Pradessh, A. germari appeared in July–Augus,t feeding on the bark of the top stem portion of 2–3 cm diameter of the crown (Kulkarni 2010).

Host Plants: Mulbery, Morus indica, eucalyptus.

 

23. Coptops aedificator (Fabricius, 1793) (Image 23)

Lamia ambulator Fabricius, 1775 Korte, Flensburgi and Lipsiae 30: 171.

Cerambyx fuscus Olivier, 1792 Paris Panckoucke Imp. Lib. 7: 462.

Cerambyx villica Olivier, 1792 Paris Panckoucke Imp. Lib. 7: 468.

Lamia aedificator Fabricius, 1793 Hafniae, Proft 1 (2): 275.

Cerambyx fuscus Olivier, 1795 Coleopteres, Imp. de Lanneau Paris 4: 83.

Lachnia (Coptops) parallela Audinet-Serville, 1835 Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. (1) 4: 64.

Lamia aedificator = calliginosus Dejean, 1837, Thomson 1858 Arch. Ent. 2 : 177

Coptops aedificator Thomson, 1858 Arch. Ent. 2: 177.

Lamia aedificator = bidens Fabricius, Thomson 1858 Arch. Ent. 2: 177

Coptops quadristigma Fahraeus, 1872 Oefvers. Vet. Ak. Forh. 29 (2): 30.

Phymasterna inhambanensis Bertoloni, 1876 n. Syn. by Vitali 2011 Entomol. Africana 16 (1): 2–12.

Coptops fuscus Quedenfeldt, 1883 Ber. Ent. Zeitschrift 27 (1): 138.

Coptops aedificator Gahan, 1896 Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 6 (16) 108: 451.

Coptops aedificator Kolbe, 1910 Mitt. dem Zool. Mus. Berlin 5 (1): 38.

Coptops aedificator Breuning, 1939 Novit. Entomol. third supp. (50–66): 508.

Lamia aedificator Zimsen, 1964 Copenhagen, Munksgaard: 169.

Coptops aedificator Delahaye, 2009 Les Cahiers Magellanes 96: 16.

Coptops aedificator Vitali, 2011 Entomol. Africana 16, 1: 8.

Specimens examined: CHF/2015/269, female, 26.iv.2010, Pomegranate, East siang (elevation 170m), Arunachal Pradesh, India, coll. Henuka; CHF/2015/270, female, 28.iii.2010, mango, Pasighat (elevation 150m), Arunachal Pradesh, India, coll. Subhash; CHF/2015/271, male, 08.iv.2009, light trap, Pasighat (elevation 150m), Arunachal Pradesh, India, coll. Mantu.

Distribution: Cameroon, Central Africa R., Djibouti, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Malawi, Namibia, Nigeria, R.D. Congo, R.P. Congo, Senegambia, Senegal, Saudi Arabia, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia and India including northeastern region.

Biology: Larvae of this species feed on the inner bark, and the damage they do to the sapwood is only superficial, for even the pupal cells are constructed almost entirely in the bark (Beeson & Bhatia 1939; Fraser 1949). The emergence hole is circular, but usually somewhat ragged. Emergence occurs more or less throughout the year, although the main period in India is in June. The life cycle normally lasts a year.

Host Plants: More than 50 subtropical forest trees (Beeson & Bhatia 1939). Fraser (1949) records this species from Afzelia. Duffy (1953a) reported from Artocarpus sp. Dawah et al. (2013) observed on mango as host in Saudi Arabia.

 

 

 

 

24. Acalolepta cervina (Hope, 1831) (Image 24)

Monochamus cervinus Hope, 1831 Gray’s Zool. Misc. 1: 27.

Monochamus fulvicornis Pascoe, 1875 Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 4, 15: 64.

Haplohammus cervinus Gahan, 1894 Ann. Museo Civico di Storia Nat. (2) 14: 36.

Dihammus cervinus Gressitt, 1937 Lingnan Sci. J. 16 (4): 596.

Cypriola cervina Breuning, 1949 Arkiv Zool. Stockholm 42 (A) 15: 1.

Dihammus cervinus Gressitt, 1951 Longicornia 2: 399.

Acalolepta cervina Hayashi, 1981 Bull. of the Osaka Jonan Women’s Jr. College 14: 14.

Acalolepta cervinus Wang & Chiang, 1988, Entomotaxonomia 10 (1–2): 144.

Acalolepta cervina Weigel, 2006 Ver. der Fre. und For. des Naturk. Erfurt e. V.: 502.

Acalolepta cervina Hua et al., 2009 Sun Yat–sen Univ. Press: 330

Specimens examined: CHF/2015/273, male, 15.vi.2010, light trap, East Siang (elevation 180m), Arunachal Pradesh, India, coll. Prakash; CHF/2015/274, female, 04.v.2009, light trap, Pasighat (elevation 150m), Arunachal Pradesh, India, coll. Roamer.

Distribution: Myanmar, Laos, China, India including North Eastern region, Korea, Japan, Vietnam, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal.

Biology: The life cycle is annual with a long larval period (Beeson 1941). Adults feed on the bark of the twigs. The female lays eggs on the bark by making a slit or incision with the help of mandibles. The newly hatched larva makes tunnels in the cambiam, later penetrating deeper in the wood resulting in the abnormal callus like growth or bulging base formed known as canker around the wounded portion of the trunk.

Host Plants: Clerodendron sp., Tectona grandis, Gmelina arborea, Adina cardifolia, Anthocephalus chinensis, Anthocephalus cadamba, Camellia thea, Cterodzndron infortunatum, Buddleia madagascarensis, Daubanga sonneratoides and Sarcocephalus cordatus.

 

25. Epepeotes uncinatus Gahan, 1888 (Image 25)

Epepeotes uncinatus Gahan, 1888 Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 6, 1: 271.

Epepeotes salvazai Pic, 1925 Mel. exot. Ent. 43: 18.

Pseudopsacothea lineata Pic, 1944 Opusc. mart. 13: 14.

Epepeotes uncinatus lineatopunctatus Breuning, 1960 Bull. Soc. Ent. France 65 (1–2): 29.

Epepeotes uncinatus Breuning, 1961 Bull. Inst. roy. Sc.nat. Belg. 37(20): 2.

Epepeotes uncinatus Weigel, 2006 Ver. der Fre. und For. des Naturk. Erfurt e. V.: 502.

Specimen examined: CHF/2015/275, female, 17.v.2010, light trap, Pasighat (elevation 150m), Arunachal Pradesh, India, coll. Mantu.

Distribution: Bhutan, Himalayan India, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Palaearctic China, Laos, Vietnam

Biology: Emergence occurs in April–June, mainly May. The life-cycle is annual. The prepupal tunnel and pupal chamber are carried deep into the wood. The beetle escapes by an imaginal tunnel from the base of the pupal chamber (Beeson 1941; Duffy 1968).

Host Plants: Crateva unilocularis, Ficus carica, F. elastica, F. religiosa, Morris indica, M. laevigata, Terminalia myriocarpa (Beeson 1941).

 

26. Glenea (Stiroglenea) spilota Thomson, 1860 (Image 26)

Glenea spilota Thomson, 1860 Paris: 58.

Glenea spilota Thomson, 1878 E. Deyrolle: 14.

Glenea spilota Weigel, 2006 Ver. der Fre. und For. des Naturk. Erfurt e. V.: 506.

Specimen examined: CHF/2015/277, male, 01.iv.2011, forest weeds, Pasighat (elevation 160m), Arunachal Pradesh, India, coll. Mantu.

Distribution: India, Himalayan India including Arunachal Pradesh, Nepal

Biology: The life-cycle is annual with the beetle emergence in April–July (April 16%, May 68%, June 15%) (Beeson 1941). It lays eggs on the bark, on hatching the grub bores into the bast and feeds on sapwood, eating out ramifying gallaries. It is not found on freshly felled trees (Stebbing 1914). Lefroy (1909) confirmed that the larvae are found abundantly in the decaying trunk.

Host Plants: Bombax malabaricum and Sterculia villosa, the other species of Glenea attack on Zanthoxylum rhetsa and Bombax ceiba (Mathew 1982).

 

27. Imantocera penicillata (Hope, 1831) (Image 27)

Lamia penicillata Hope, 1831 Zool. Misc. 1: 17.

Cerambyx plumosus = penicillata Hope, 1831, Thomson, 1864 Mem. Soc. R. Sci. Liege. 19: 82

Imantocera penicillata Thomson 1857 Arch. Ent. 1: 188.

Imantocera (=Himantocera) penicillata Pascoe, 1866 Trans. Entomol. Soc. London (3) 3: 260, 288.

Himantocera penicillata Gahan, 1894 Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova 34: 47.

Imantocera penicillata Dillon & Dillon, 1950 Philipp. J. Sci. 79 1: 14 (13).

Imantocera penicillata Weigel, 2006 Ver. der Fre. und For. des Naturk. Erfurt e. V.: 503.

Specimens examined: CHF/2015/279, male, 22.vi.2010, citrus, Rengging (elevation 300m), Arunachal Pradesh, India, coll. Riba; CHF/2015/280, female, 22.vi.2010, citrus, Rengging (elevation 300m), Arunachal Pradesh, India, coll. Riba.

Distribution: Bangladesh, Bhutan, Himalayan India, India, Laos, Malayan Peninsula, Myanmar, Nepal, Palaearctic China, Subtropical China, Thailand, Vietnam

Biology: Unknown

Host Plants: Ficus religiosa (Beeson 1941) and citrus.

 

28. Macrochenus guerinii (White, 1858) (Image 28)

Pelargoderus guerinii White, 1858 Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 3, 2: 274.

Macrochenus guerini Hua, 2002 Zhongshan (Sun Yat–sen) Univ. Press, Guangzhou 2: 213.

Macrochenus guerinii Weigel, 2006 Ver. der Fre. und For. des Naturk. Erfurt e. V.: 502.

Specimens examined: CHF/2015/281, female, 20.iv.2010, light trap, Pasighat (elevation 150m), Arunachal Pradesh, India, coll. Mantu; CHF/2015/282, male, 05.v.2010, light trap, Pasighat (elevation 150m), Arunachal Pradesh, India, coll. Mantu.

Distribution: Subtropical China, North and North Eastern Himalayan India, Nepal, Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam.

Biology: Emergence occurs in April–May. The pupal chamber is vacated by the beetle through an imaginal tunnel from its lower end (Beeson 1941).

Host Plants: Bombax malabaricitm, Ficus elastica, F. religiosa, Lagerstroemia flos–reginae (Lagerstroemia speciosa), Stereospermum chelonoides (Beeson 1941).

 

29. Nupserha nigriceps Gahan, 1894 (Image 29)

Nupserha nigriceps Gahan, 1894 Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova 34: 90.

Nupserha nigriceps Breuning, 1960 Bull. Inst. roy. Sc.nat. Belg. 36 (10): 27.

Nupserha nigriceps Weigel, 2006 Ver. der Fre. und For. des Naturk. Erfurt e. V.: 506.

Specimen examined: CHF/2015/284, male, 05.iv.2010, light trap, Pasighat (elevation 150m), Arunachal Pradesh, India, coll. Mantu.

Distribution: India, Nepal, Subtropical China, Yunnan, Sumatra

Biology: Unknown

Host Plants: Unknown

 

30. Nupserha bicolor Thomson, 1857 (Image 30)

Stibara bicolor Thomson, 1857 Arch. Ent. 1: 147

Nupserha bicolor Thomson, 1860 Paris: 61

Stibara bicolor m. nigrata Breuning, 1950 

Nupserha bicolor m. postbrunnea Dutt, 1952 Nature 170: 287–288.

Stibara bicolor m. parteatriventris Breuning, 1960 

Stibara bicolor m. subnitida Breuning, 1960 

Stibara bicolor m. thomsoni Breuning, 1960

Specimens examined: CHF/2015/286, male, 22.vi.2010, forest weeds, Pasighat (elevation 180m), Arunachal Pradesh, India, coll. Riba.

Distribution: North East India, Himalayan India, Taiwan

Biology: The adult beetle girdles the stem at two levels before it starts oviposition. This causes withering, drooping and death of the portion above the lower girdle to a length varying from 5–50 cm thus resulting in loss of fibre yield. Girdling causes suspension of unidirectional vertical growth, and this is followed by the appearance of a number of side branches, which are of little value from the point of view of fibre (Dutt 1956; Dutt 1961).

Host Plants: Jute, Corchorus olitorius and C. capsularis (Dutt 1952; ICJC 1958).

 

31. Obereopsis obscura obscura Breuning, 1957 (Image 31)

Obereopsis obscura obscura Breuning, 1957 Indian Forest Rec. (New Series) Ent. 9 (3): 75.

Specimens examined: CHF/2015/288, male, 11.v.2012, unidentified weed complex from forest floor, Pasighat (elevation 150m), Arunachal Pradesh, India, coll. Mantu; CHF/2015/289, female, 18.vi.2012, weeds, Pasighat (elevation 150m), Arunachal Pradesh, India, coll. Mantu.

Distribution: Nilgiri Hills, Tamil Nadu, The species first time reported in Arunachal Pradesh in the year 2012 during the course of the present study.

Biology: Unknown

Host Plants: Unknown

 

32. Olenecamptus bilobus bilobus (Fabricius, 1801) (Image 32)

Saperda biloba Fabricius, 1801 Bibl. Acad. Nov. 2: 324.

Olenecamptus serratus Chevrolat, 1835 Mag. Zool. 5: 134.

Gnoma biloba Montrouzier, 1855 Ann. Soc. agric. Lyon 2, 7: 63.

Olenecamptus bilobus Pascoe, 1866 Proc. Sci. M. Zool. Soc. London: 253

Olenecamptus madecassus Fairmaire, 1901 Rev. Entomol. Caen 20: 226.

Olenecamptus borneensis Pic, 1916 Mel. exot. Ent. 17: 6.

Olenecamptus rouyeri Pic, 1916 Mel. exot. Ent. 17: 6.

Olenecamptus bilobus m. madecassa Breuning, 1940 Novit. Entomol. 11, 66–71: 555.

Olenecamptus bilobus m. trimaculata Breuning, 1940 Novit. Entomol. 11, 66–71: 555.

Olenecamptus bilobus m. borneensis Breuning, 1940 Novit. Entomol. 11, 66–71: 555.

Olenecamptus bilobus m. rouyeri Breuning, 1940 Novit. Entomol. 11, 66–71: 555.

Olenecamptus bilobus m. dahli Breuning, 1940 Novit. Entomol. 11, 66–71: 556.

Olenecamptus bilobus m. confluens Breuning, 1940 Novit. Entomol. 11, 66–71: 556.

Olenecamptus serratus Breuning, 1940 Novit. Entomol. 11, 66–71: 556.

Olenecamptus bilobus bilobus Dillon & Dillon, 1948 Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 73: 224.

Olenecamptus bilobus strucki Dillon & Dillon, 1948 Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 73: 225.

Olenecamptus bilobus ternatus Dillon & Dillon, 1948 Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 73: 227.

Olenecamptus bilobus mindanaensis Dillon & Dillon, 1948 Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 73: 228.

Olenecamptus bilobus luzonensis Dillon & Dillon, 1948 Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 73: 228.

Olenecamptus bilobus lacteoguttatus Dillon & Dillon, 1948 Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 73: 229.

Olenecamptus bilobus nipponensis Dillon & Dillon, 1948 Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 73: 229.

Olenecamptus bilobus laosus Dillon & Dillon, 1948 Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 73: 230.

Olenecamptus bilobus tonkinus Dillon & Dillon, 1948 Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 73: 230.

Olenecamptus bilobus borneensis Dillon & Dillon, 1948 Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 73: 231.

Olenecamptus bilobus artemis Dillon & Dillon, 1948 Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 73: 232.

Olenecamptus bilobus niasus Dillon & Dillon, 1948 Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 73: 232.

Olenecamptus bilobus pseudoserratus Dillon & Dillon, 1948 Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 73: 233.

Olenecamptus bilobus gressitti Dillon & Dillon, 1948 Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 73: 234.

Olenecamptus bilobus trimaculatus Dillon & Dillon, 1948 Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 73: 235.

Olenecamptus madecassus Dillon & Dillon, 1948 Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 73: 235.

Olenecamptus confluens Dillon & Dillon, 1948 Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 73: 236.

Olenecamptus bilobus lacteoguttatus Breuning, 1957 Inst. Rech. sc. Tananarive-Ts. 4: 21.

Olenecamptus bilobus lacteoguttatus var. madecassus Breuning, 1957 Inst. Rech. sc. Tana.-Ts. 4: 23.

Olenecamptus bilobus lacteoguttatus var. trimaculatus Breuning, 1957 Inst. Rech. sc. Tana.-Ts. 4: 23.

Olenecamptus bilobus m. reductemaculatus Breuning, 1969 Bull. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat. 2, 41, 3: 665.

Specimens examined: CHF/2015/291, male, 28.x.2008, light trap, Pasighat (elevation 150m), Arunachal Pradesh, India, coll. Madhu; CHF/2015/292, female, 20.x.2008, light trap, Pasighat (elevation 150m), Arunachal Pradesh, India, coll. Madhu.

Distribution: Andaman Island, India including north and northeastern Himalayan range, Australia, Bismarck, Borneo, Comoros, Japan, Java, Laos, Lesser Sunda, Madagascar, Malayan Peninsula, Micronesia, Moluccas, Ambon, Bacan, Sula, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea Island, Pakistan, Palaearctic China, Seychelles, Sri Lanka, Subtropical China, Sulawesi, Sumatra , Taiwan, Thailand, Timor, Vanuatu, Vietnam.

Biology: In northern India the life-cycle is annual with an extended emergence-period from May to November (May 20%, June 36%, July 21%, August 9%); a portion of the brood may be prolonged to the second year but if the wood dries out considerably these belated individuals do not survive. The grubs generally bore into the sapwood in the early instars and subsequently tunnel into the heartwood (Beeson 1941). According to Stebbing (1914), it appears to affect old decaying trees and not reported in young, green and healthy trees.

Host Plants: Artocarpus hirsutus, A. blumei, A. incises and Lagerstroemia microcarpa, (Mathew 1982), Ficus rumphii, F. glomerata, F. roxburghii, Morus indica, and Jackfruit. Lefroy (1909) mentioned that this beetle is common in pakur, gular and other Ficus sp. in the plains.

 

33. Olenecamptus indianus (Thomson, 1857) (Image 33)

Authades indianus Thomson, 1857 Arch. Ent. 1: 192.

Saperda biloba = indianus Thomson, 1860 Paris: 108.

Olenecamptus albolineatus Pic, 1916 Mel. exot. Ent. 17 : 5.

Olenecamptus salweeni Heller, 1926 Tijdschr. Ent. 69: 39.

Olenecamptus indianus Breuning, 1940 Novit. Entomol. 11, 66–71: 544.

Authades indianus = multinotatus Pic, 1916, Breuning 1940 Novit. Entomol. 11, 66–71: 544.

Authades indianus = albolineatus Pic, 1916, Breuning 1940 Novit. Entomol. 11, 66–71: 544.

Olenecamptus indianus ab. salweeni Breuning, 1940 Novit. entomol. 11, 66–71: 545.

Olenecamptus bilobus indianus Dillon & Dillon, 1948 Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 73: 233.

Olenecamptus multinotatus Dillon & Dillon, 1948 Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 73: 246.

Olenecamptus albolineatus Dillon & Dillon, 1948 Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 73: 247.

Specimens examined: CHF/2015/294, female, 11.xi.2009, unidentified weed complex from forest floor, East Siang (elevation 180m), Arunachal Pradesh, India, coll. Dolly; CHF/2015/295, male, 21.xi.2008, light trap, Upper Siang (elevation 210m), Arunachal Pradesh, India, coll. Kumawat.

Distribution: India including eastern Himalaya, Malayan Peninsula, Myanmar, Nepal, Seychelles, subtropical China, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam

Biology: The life-cycle of this sapwood borer is annual in north India with emergence in May– August (50% in June, 44% in July) (Beeson 1941; Duffy 1968).

Host Plants: Anogeissus acuminata, A. latifolia, Lagerstroemia calyculata, Phyllanthus emblica, Randia dumetorum, Terminalia belerica, T. tomentosa (Beeson 1941).

 

34. Pterolophia (Hylobrotus) tuberculatrix (Fabricius, 1781) (Image 34)

Lamia tuberculator Fabricius, 1781 Bohn Hamburgi et Kilonii 1 : 224.

Praonetha obsoleta Fairmaire, 1871 Ann. Soc. ent. Fr. 5, 1: 67.

Pterolophia (Hylobrotus) tuberculatrix Breuning, 1957 Inst. Rech. sc. Tana.-Ts. 4 : 297.

Pterolophia (Hylobrotus) tuberculatrix var. obsoleta Breuning, 1957 Inst. Rech. sc. Tana.-Ts. 4: 299

Pterolophia (Hylobrotus) tuberculatrix Breuning, 1961 Bull. I.F.A.N. 23, A, 4: 1093.

Pterolophia (Hylobrotus) tuberculatrix var. obsoleta Breuning, 1961 Bull. I.F.A.N. 23, A, 4: 1094.

Pterolophia (Hylobrotus) tuberculatrix Sudre & Teocchi, 2000 Bull. mens. Soc. Linn. Lyon. 69, 10: 226.

Pterolophia (Hylobrotus) tuberculatrix Teocchi et al., 2013 Les Cahiers Magellanes NS 11: 15.

Specimen examined: CHF/2015/297, male, 11.x.2008, forest ground, Rengging (elevation 300m), Arunachal Pradesh, India, coll. Madhu.

Distribution: India, first time reported in Arunachal Pradesh during present study, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Madagascar, Maldives Island, Mascarene Island, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, Maldive, Comoros.

Biology: Unknown for P. tuberculatrix. Moreover, Pterolophia appears to be a minor pest from the agricultural point of view and its outbreaks can be easily controlled. In more recent years, there have been a few studies on the biology and host plants of Pterolophia species found elsewhere (Desmier et al. (1990, 1991), Zhan et al. (1996), Yamazaki & Takakjura (2003)).

Host Plants: Tectona grandis, other species of Pterolophia attacking Coconut, Cocus nucifera, Populus sp., Araucaria cunninghamii, Coffea arabica, Theobroma cacao, Citrus aurantiifolia, Saccharum officinarum, Campnosperma brevipetiolata (Hawkeswood 2011).

 

35. Pterolophia occidentalis Schwarzer, 1931 (Image 35)

Pterolophia occidentalis Schwarzer, 1931 Senckenbergiana, 13: 72.

Pterolophia (Pterolophia) occidentalis Breuning, 1972 Ann. Hist. Nat. Mus. Nat. Hung. 64: 230.

Specimen examined: CHF/2015/299, male, 23.iv.2013, unidentified weeds, Pasighat (elevation 150m), Arunachal Pradesh, India, coll. Kumawat.

Distribution: Ghana, India, Himalayan India including Arunachal Pradesh

Biology: Adult emergence occurs in nearly every month of the year but mainly in June–July (June 21%, July 56%, August 11%). The larva tunnels in thin barked stems and grooves the sapwood. The pupal chamber is also constructed on the sapwood surface. The life-cycle is annual but may be prolonged to the second or third year in dry stems and climbers (Beeson 1941; Duffy 1968).

Host Plants: Millettia auriculata, Acacia sp., Acrocarpus fraxinifolius, A. hirsuta, Bauhinia vahlii, Cudrania javanensis, Dalbergia paniculata, Engelhardtia colebrookiana, Ficus religiosa, Lagerstroemia parviflora, Lannea grandis, Mallotus philippimnsis, Mangifera indica, Myristica attenuata, Pterocarpus marsupium, Spatholobus roxburghii, Terminalia paniculata, Vitis araneosa, Wistaria sp.

 

36. Thylactus simulans Gahan, 1890 (Image 36)

Thylactus simulans Gahan, 1890 Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 6, 5: 58.

Thylactus simulans Rondon & Breuning, 1970 Pacific Insects Mono. 24: 345.

Thylactus simulans Hua, 2002 Zhongshan (Sun Yat–sen) Univ. Press, Guangzhou 2: 235.

Specimens examined: CHF/2015/302, male, 19.iii.2010, light trap, Pasighat (elevation 150m), Arunachal Pradesh, India, coll. Bilin Maying; CHF/2015/303, female, 27.iv.2011, light trap, Pasighat (elevation 150m), Arunachal Pradesh, India, coll. Chanu.

Distribution: India, Arunachal Pradesh, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, China

Biology: Not studied, although some preliminary study was done by Zhang & Zuo (1986) (original not seen).

Host Plants: Catalpa sp., Exbucklandia populnea (Beeson 1941) and Paulownia.

 

37. Pseudonemophas versteegii (Ritsema, 1881) (Image 37)

Monohammus versteegii Ritsema, 1881 Not. Leyd. Mus. 3: 155.

Monochamus albescens Pic, 1920 Mel. exot. Ent. 32: 2.

Monochamus glabronotatus Pic, 1934 Mat. Etud. Longic. 11, 2: 34.

Monochamus albescens var. subuniformis Pic, 1934 Mat. Etud. Longic. 11, 2: 34.

Monohammus versteegii = subuniformis Pic, 1934, Breuning 1944, Novit. Entomol. 13, 107–137: 290

Monoplophora (Anoplophora) versteegi Breuning, 1944 Novit. Entomol. 13, 107–137: 290.

Anoplophora (Anoplophora) versteegi m. albescens Breuning, 1944 Novit. Entomol. 13, 107–137: 290.

Anoplophora (Anoplophora) glabronotata Breuning, 1944 Novit. Entomol. 13, 107–137: 291.

Anoplophora (Anoplophora) versteegi siamensis Breuning, 1982 Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. (n.s.) 18, 1: 17.

Pseudonemophas versteegii Lingafelter & Hoebeke, 2002 Entomol. Soc. Wash.: 143 (102).

Monochamus glabronotatus Lingafelter & Hoebeke, 2002 Entomol. Soc. Wash.: 212.

Monochamus albescens subuniformis Lingafelter & Hoebeke, 2002 Entomol. Soc. Wash.: 218.

Anoplophora versteegi siamensis Lingafelter & Hoebeke, 2002 Entomol. Soc. Wash.: 219.

Monochamus albescens Lingafelter & Hoebeke, 2002 Entomol. Soc. Wash.: 220.

Pseudonemophas versteegii Ohbayashi et al., 2009 Spec. Bull. Jpn. Soc. Col. 7: 316, 317, 323.

Specimens examined: CHF/2015/306, male, 15.v.2008, citrus, Rengging (elevation 300m), Arunachal Pradesh, India, coll. Mamocha; CHF/2015/307, female, 21.vi.2009, citrus, Rengging (elevation 300m), Arunachal Pradesh, India, coll. Mamocha.

Distribution: Northeastern region of India, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, subtropical China, Sumatra Island, Thailand, Vietnam.

Biology: The female beetles lay their eggs beneath the bark of the tree trunk by making a cut with their mandibles. The eggs are not laid on the trunk above one meter height from ground level. The frequency of egg laying per day per female varies from 0 to 11eggs with the mean egg deposition frequency of 2.90 eggs per female. Initially the larvae feed under the bark and then enter the centre of the trunk. Pupation takes place below the bark. The egg, larval and pupal periods last for 4 to 5, 240 to 310 and 23 to 39 days, respectively. The adults emerge from April to May (Saikia et al. 2011; Singh & Singh 2012).

Host Plants: Citrus reticulata, C. sinensis, C. limon, C. jambhiri, C. grandis, C. medico, C. aurantifolia, triafoliate orange, pumelo and many other wild species of Citrus group.

 

38. Sarothrocera lowii White, 1846 (Image 38)

Sarothrocera lowii White, 1846 Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 18: 47.

Sarothrocera lowei Thomson, 1861 Paris: 361.

Sarothrocera lowi Aurivillius, 1922 Coleopt. Cat. 73: 78.

Sarothrocera lowii Ghate et al., 2012 J. Threat. Taxa 4(7): 2709.

Specimen examined: CHF/2015/311, female, 25.vi.2013, Forest ground, Pasighat (elevation 150m), Arunachal Pradesh, India, coll. Kumawat.

Distribution: India (Manipur, Arunachal Pradesh), Borneo, Myanmar, Indonesia, Laos, Sumatra, Thailand, West Malaysia and Vietnam.

Biology: The beetles emerge in May–July (Beeson1941) and females deposit eggs singly into a slit made in the bark of the trunk and felled logs. Larvae emerge and initially feed just under the bark, later boring into the stem. Pupation occurs towards the end of April.

Host plants: Eucalyptus sp., Engelhardtia spicata, Stereospermum suaveolens.

 

 

 

Subfamily Cerambycinae

39. Aeolesthes sarta (Solsky, 1871) (Image 39)

Pachydissus sartus Solsky, 1871 Hor. Soc. Ent. Ross 8:150.

Aeolesthes sarta Gahan, 1906 Fauna Brit. India Col. 1: 129.

Aeolesthes sarta Hua, 2002 Zhongshan (Sun Yat–sen) Univ. Press, Guangzhou 2: 191.

Specimens examined: CHF/2015/314, male, 23.iv.2009, forest logs, Pasighat (elevation 150m), Arunachal Pradesh, India, coll. Dorjee; CHF/2015/315, male, 23.v.2012, light trap, Pasighat (elevation 150m), Arunachal Pradesh, India, coll. Hokivi; CHF/2015/316, female, 11.iv.2011, light trap, Pasighat (elevation 150m), Arunachal Pradesh, India, coll. Chhetri; CHF/2015/317, female, 09.v.2013, light trap, Pasighat (elevation 150m), Arunachal Pradesh, India, coll. Sapna.

Distribution: India (Western to eastern Himalayan range), Pakistan (north), Afghanistan, Baluchistan, Iran, Turkmenistan, Turkistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan (south), Quetta, Tibet in mountainous areas up to an altitude of 2000m. In Arunachal Pradesh, it was reported by Sengupta & Sengupta 1981.

Biology: A. sarta requires two years to complete a generation (Ahmad et al. 1977; Vorontsov 1995). Adults usually leave their pupal cells in April or the beginning of May. Females lay eggs in slit-like niches in the bark of the trunk and the larger branches. A single female may lay a total of 240–270 eggs. The larvae start feeding and construct tunnels deep into the wood. At the end of July, grubs pupate in cells and about two weeks later adults appear. Adults stay in the pupation cells over winter and emerge the following spring.

Host Plants: Ulmus minor, U. pumila, U. carpinifolia, Populus diversifolia, P. euphratica, P. talassica, P. alba, P. euroamericana, Salix acmophylla, S. turanica, S. aongarica, S. tetrasperma, Platanus orientalis and P. acerifolia, Malus pumila and Juglans regia are the preferred hosts. It has also been known to attack other species of Ulmus, Populus, Salix, Platanus, Malus, Prunus, Pyrus, Juglans, Quercus, Betula, Fraxinus, Acer, Morus, Geditsia, Robinia, Elaeagnus and other broadleaf trees (Thakur 2000; Afsaneh et al. 2011).

 

40. Hoplocerambyx spinicornis (Newman, 1842) (Image 40)

Hammaticherus spinicornis Newman, 1842 Entomologist 1 (15): 243–248.

Cerambyx? morosus Pascoe, 1857 Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. (2) 4: 89–112.

Hoplocerambyx relictus Pascoe, 1866 Proc. Zoo. Soc. Lond. 44: 504–537.

Hoplocerambyx morosus Pascoe, 1869 Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 3 (3) 6: 499–552.

Hoplocerambyx spinicornis Duffy, 1968 Brit. Mus (Nat. Hist.): 1–434.

Hoplocerambyx spinicornis Hayashi & Makihara, 1981 Esakia (17): 183–200.

Haplocerambyx spinicornis Niisato, 1990 Elytra 18 (1): 109–128.

Specimens examined: CHF/2015/320, male, 19.iv.2010, light trap, Pasighat (elevation 150m), Arunachal Pradesh, India, coll. Donald; CHF/2015/321, female, 10.v.2012, light trap, Pasighat (elevation 150m), Arunachal Pradesh, India, coll. B. Mibang.

Distribution: Afghanistan, Pakistan, Nepal, India, Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Malaysia, Borneo, Indonesia (Sumatra, Java), Philippines (Mindanao, Luzon, Benguet, Negros).

Biology: The beetle emerges from June to August, coincidence with the rains. The gravid femle lays eggs singly in cracks and crevices of the bark of unhealthy, fallen trees, dead trees and live trees also. The newly hatched larva starts feeding under the bark and gradually moves down to the sapwood by making tunnels. The larval period completes in 4–7 months. The fully grown larva returns to the peripheral region and excavates a chamber for pupation. The larva remains here in prepupal stage for several months. It pupates for 2–3 weeks, the newly emerged beetle remains in the chamber till the onset of rains (Thakur 2000). The borer ranks as the most injurious forest insect in India (Beeson 1941; Thakur 2000).

Host Plants: Shorea assamica, S. obtusa, S. robusta, Duabanga sonneratioides, Hevea braziliensis.

 

41. Chlorophorus annularis (Fabricius, 1787) (Image 41)

Callidium annularis Fabricius, 1787 Mant. Ins. 1: 156.

Clytus annularis Fabricius, 1801 Syst. Eleuth. 2: 352.

Chlorophorus annularis Chevrolat, 1863 Mem. Soc. R. Sci. Liege 18: 290.

Clytanthus annularis Bates, 1873 Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (4)12: 16.

Caloclytus annularis Gahan, 1906 Fauna Brit. India Col. 1: 261.

Rhaphuma annularis Ohbayashi, 1963 Fragment. coleopt. (3): 11.

Callidium bidens Wever, 1801 Obs. Ent. p. 90.

Caloclytus annularis Basak & Biswas, 1985 Records of the ZSI India 82 (1–4): 217.

Chlorophorus (Chlorophorus) annularis Ozdikmen, 2011 Munis Entomol. Zool. 6 (2): 536.

Specimen examined: CHF/2015/323, male, 14.iv.2009, felled bamboo, Sille (elevation 140m), Arunachal Pradesh, India, coll. Shibstanding; CHF/2015/324, female, 20.v.2012, light trap, Pasighat (elevation 150m), Arunachal Pradesh, India, coll. Donald.

Distribution: North America, Oceania, South America, Australia, Micronesia, Hawaii Islands, India, Myanmar, Siam, China, Malaya Peninsula, New Guinea, Japan, East Indies.

Biology: Oviposition occurs on cut bamboo which has already lost a certain amount of sap. The first instar larvae bore into the tissues of the walls of the bamboo, making irregular excavations which are packed with powdery wooden particles and frass. The galleries are not delimited by the nodes. The mature larva excavates a cell in the wood in which it pupates. Adults emerge from May to September but principally in June (Stebbing 1914; Duffy 1953b). It is a native of Asia (Duffy 1953a).

Host Plants: Bambusa, Citrus, Dendrocalamus strictus, Dipterocarpus tuberculatus, Gossypium, Liquidambar formosana, Phyllostachys reticulata, Pyrus malus, Shorea robusta, Sinocalamus, Sinobambusa gibbosa, Spondias, Tectona grandis, Derris dalberuinides and Vitis (Duffy 1968).

 

42. Rhytidodera bowringii White, 1853 (Image 42)

Rhytidodera bowringii White, 1853 Cat. Coleopt. Brit. Mus. Longicorn. 7: 133.

Rhytidodera bowringii Thomson, 1864 Mem. Soc. R. Sci. Liege 19: 1–540.

Rhytidodera bowringi Weigel, 2006 Ver. der Fre. und For. des Naturk. Erfurt e. V.: 498.

Specimens examined: CHF/2015/327, male, 21.iv.2013, light trap, East Siang (elevation 175m), Arunachal Pradesh, India, coll. Mantu; CHF/2015/328, male, 18.v.2013, mango orchard, Pasighat (elevation 150m), Arunachal Pradesh, India, coll. Mantu; CHF/2015/329, female, 19.iv.2009, light trap, Pasighat (elevation 150m), Arunachal Pradesh, India, coll. Sanchi.

Distribution: Arunachal Pradesh, India, Subtropical China, Nepal, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam

Biology: Eggs are laid in batches of 6–8 on living shoots and branches of mango trees over 8–10 years old. On hatching the larva enters the branches and feed on sapwood that is kept clean of wood dust. The adults emerge from June to August. Larval and pupal periods are 260–310 and 30–50 days, respectively.

Host Plants: Mango, cashew nuts

 

43. Rhytidodera griseofasciata Pic, 1912 (Image 43)

Rhytidodera griseofasciata Pic, 1912 L Echange Rev. Linn. 28 (326): 16.

Rhytidodera griseofasciata Lobl & Smetana, 2010 Cat. Palaearctic Coleopt.-6, Apollo Books: 162.

Specimen examined: CHF/2015/330, male, 01.iv.2010, light trap, Pasighat (elevation 150m), Arunachal Pradesh, India, coll. Hokivi.

Distribution: China from Yunnan province. The species was first time reported from India (Arunachal Pradesh) during the present study.

Biology: Unknown

Host Plants: Unknown

 

44. Stromatium barbatum Fabricius, 1775 (Image 44)

Callidium barbatum Fabricius, 1775 Syst. Ent.: 189

Cerambyx (Callidium) tranquebaricus Gmelin, 1790 Editio 13, Lipsiae Beer 1 (4): 1848.

Callidium variolosum Fabricius, 1798 Proft Storch Hafniae: 149.

Callidium funestum Boisd, 1835 Voy. d’Astrolabe 2: 481

Stromatium barbatum Castelnau, 1840 P. Dumenil 2: 452.

Stromatium barbatum Gahan, 1906 Fauna Brit. India Col. 1: 114

Stromatium barbatum Aurivillius, 1912 Coleopt. Cat. 39: 73

Stromatium barbatum Stebbing, 1914 Ind. For. Ins.: 291

Stromatium barbatum Villiers, 1966 J. Coll. Arts Sci. (4): 550.

Stromatium barbatum Hayashi, 1979 Ent. Rev. 33(1/2): 86

Specimens examined: CHF/2015/331, male, 03.vi.2010, light trap, Pasighat (elevation 150m), Arunachal Pradesh, India, coll. Bilin Maying; CHF/2015/332, female, 01.xii.2008, forest logs, Pasighat (elevation 150m), Arunachal Pradesh, India, coll. Madhu.

Distribution: India, Andaman, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Nepal, Mauritius, Bourbon, Madagascar, Bangladesh.

Biology: Stromatium barbatum is primarily a pest of packing cases, seasoned timber, furniture, plywood, and wood work in buildings. It also attacks bamboos.  This species has been knows to attack over 300 tree species. The female beetle lays eggs on the bark. The newly hatched larva feeds under the bark until it matures enough. The larvae while excavating in the wood, throws out coarse dust, frass and wood fibres from the boring (Thakur 2000).

Host Plants: This species has been knows to attack over 300 tree species (Duffy 1968, Thakur 2000).

 

45. Gnatholea simplex Gahan, 1890 (Image 45)

Gnatholea simplex Gahan, 1890 Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 6 (5) 25: 53.

Gnatholea simplex Gahan, 1906 Fauna Brit. India Col.: 111.

Gnatholea simplex Makihara et al., 2008 Bulletin of the F.F.P.R.I. 7 (2) 407: 99.

Specimen examined: CHF/2015/334, male, 01.iv.2013, light trap, Pasighat (elevation 150m), Arunachal Pradesh, India, coll. B. Mibang.

Distribution: Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Darjeeling, Assam, Burma, Ruby Mines, Mandalay and Prome, Tharawaddy, Sri Lanka

Biology: The life-cycle of this sapwood borer is annual which gets prolonged upto three years under dry conditions. Adult emergence takes place during May– August, mainly in May (Beeson 1941; Duffy 1968).

Host Plants: Hardwickia binata, Albizzia odoratissima, Millettia pinnata, Pongamia glabra, Shorea robusta.

 

46. Xystrocera globosa (Olivier, 1795) (Image 46)

Cerambix globosus Olivier, 1795 Ent. (4) 67: 27.

Callidium marginale Goldfuss, 1805 Walther Erlangae 1805: 44.

Xystrocera globosa Audinet-Serville, 1834 Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Paris (3) 1: 70.

Xystrocera viridipicta Fairmaire, 1896 Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 40 (8): 367.

Xystrocera globosa v. reductevittata Breuning, 1957 Bull. I.F.A.N. 19 A (4): 1241.

Xystrocera globosa v. invittata Breuning, 1957 Bull. I.F.A.N. 19 A (4): 1241.

Xystrocera globosa var. mediovitticollis Breuning, 1957 Bull. I.F.A.N. 19 A (4): 1241.

Xystrocera globosa m. onomichiensis Ohbayashi, 1963 Fragmenta Coleopt. (2): 10.

Xystrocera globosa ssp. diehli Heyrovsky Lo, 1967 Bull. Soc. Ent. Mulhouse: 39.

Xylotrechus globosa Wang, 2003 [misspelling]

Xystrocera globosa mediovitticollis Hua, 2002 Zhongshan (Sun Yat-sen) Univ. Press, Guangzhou 2: 237.

Specimen examined: CHF/2015/336, male, 21.iv.2011, light trap, Pasighat (elevation 150m), Arunachal Pradesh, India, coll. Mantu.

Distribution: Europe and northern Asia, South and South-east Asia, Australasian to Oceanian

Biology: The larva initially feed beneath the bark, making cavities in the outer sapwood portion. As the larva grows, it penetrates deep into the wood resulting in formation of longitudinal galleries (Mathew 1982). Adult emergence occurs every month of the year but mainly in May, June and September. Larval period is variable and in some individuals may be prolonged for two years, while others of the same brood may develop in less than a year (Duffy 1953a).

Host Plants: Albizia odoratissima, A. falcataria, A. odoratissima, A. lebbek, A. lucida, A. moluccana, A. odoratissima, A. procera, A. stipulata, Bombax ceiba, Haldina cordifolia, Acacia catechu, A. modesta, A. auriculiformis, A. magnium, Acrocarpus fraxinifolius, Bauhinia acuminata, Grewia tiliaefolia, Xylia dolabriformis, Paraserianthus faleataria (Beeson 1941; Nair 2000).

 

47. Xystrocera festiva Thomson, 1861 (Image 47)

Xystrocera festiva Thomson, 1861 Essai. Classif. Cerambi.: 251.

Xystrocera festiva Pascoe, 1869 Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 3 (3) 6: 506.

Xystrocera festiva Hua, 2002 Zhongshan (Sun Yat–sen) Univ. Press, Guangzhou: 237.

Specimens examined: CHF/2015/339, male, 28.x.2008, light trap, Pasighat (elevation 150m), Arunachal Pradesh, India, coll. Mantu; CHF/2015/340, female, 06.iv.2013, light trap, Pasighat (elevation 150m), Arunachal Pradesh, India, coll. Ashutosh.

Distribution: India, Burma, Karenee, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, China, Hainan, Yunnan, Java, Malaysia.

Biology: Almost similar to that of X. globosa.

Host Plants: Acacia spp., Paraserianthus faleataria, Albizia lebbek, Tectona grandis (Nair 2000).

 

48. Neoplocaederus obesus (Gahan, 1890) (Image 48)

Hammaticherus obesus Dejean, 1837 Mequignon–Marvis Pere Fils (3)1: 347.

Cerambyx obesus Gemminger & Harold, 1872 Sumptu E. H. Gummi Monachii. 9: 2802.

Plocederus pedestris Cotes, 1889 Indian Mus. Notes 1: 91.

Plocaederus obesus Gahan, 1890 Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 6, 5:51, 6: 259.

Plocaederus obesus Khan, 1985 Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. 94 (4): 435–441.

Plocaederus obesus Gahan, 1906 Fauna Brit. India Col. 1: 121

Plocaederus obesus Holzschuh, 1977 Entomol. Basiliensa 2: 337–341.

Neoplocaederus obesus Lobl & Smetana, 2010 Cat. Palaearctic Coleopt.-6, Apollo books: 161.

Specimens examined: CHF/2015/343, male, 05.v.2013, light trap, Pasighat (elevation 150m), Arunachal Pradesh, India, coll. Ashish; CHF/2015/344, female, light trap, Pasighat (elevation 150m), Arunachal Pradesh, 28.x.2008, coll. Oni.

Distribution: Sri Lanka, India including northeastern region, Arunachal Pradesh, Andaman and Nicobar, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Laos, China, Taiwan, Bhutan.

Biology: The female beetle lays 40–50 eggs in the live tissues or in the crevices of the bark at the collar region. The eggs hatch out as tiny grubs which bore into the fresh tissues of the bark, feed on the sap wood and make tunnels in broad and irregular directions and reached in roots. The grubs feed inside the tissues for 3–6 months. The pupal period lasts for 3–4 months. Adult emergence occurs from January–May depending upon the climatic conditions or coinciding with pre monsoon rains. It has one generation in a year (Meshram 2009; Vasanthi & Raviprasad 2013).

Host Plants: Anacardium occidentale, Boswellia serrata, Buchanania lanzan, Bombax malabaricum, Bombax heptaphyllum, Butea monosperma, B. frondosa, Caryota urens, Cedrela toona, Ceiba pentandra, Cordia dichotoma, Dracontomelon dao, Eriodendron anfractuosum, Garuga pinnata, Gmelina arborea, Kydia calycina, Lannea coromandelica, Mangifera indica, Odina wodier, Odina sp., Protium serratum, Pterocarpus marsupium, Salmalia malabarica, Shorea robusta, Spondias mangifera, Sterculia colorata, S. urens, S. villosa and Terminalia tomentosa (Duffy 1968; Stebbing 1914).

 

49. Neocerambyx grandis Gahan, 1891 (Image 49)

Neocerambyx grandis Gahan, 1891 Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. Lond. (6) 7 (37): 20.

Neocerambyx grandis Gahan, 1906 Fauna Brit. India Col.1: 125.

Neocerambyx (s. str.) grandis Gressitt & Rondon, 1970 Pacific Insects Mono. 24: 58.

Neocerambyx grandis Hua, 2002 Zhongshan (Sun Yat–sen) Univ. Press Guangzhou 2: 218.

Specimens examined: CHF/2015/347, male, 20.iv.2013, light trap, Pasighat (elevation 150m), Arunachal Pradesh, India, coll. Mantu; CHF/2015/348, female, 30.vii.2013, light trap, Pasighat (elevation 150m), Arunachal Pradesh, India, coll. Bikram.

Distribution: Allahabad, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh (reported first time during the course of the present study), China, Laos.

Biology: Unknown

Host Plants: Unknown

 

 

Conclusions

 

A total 49 species of the coleopteran family Cerambycidae were recorded during the study, out of which subfamily Lamiinae included 28 species, Cerambycinae 11 species and Prioninae 10 species. Rhytidodera griseofasciata Pic is reported for the first time from India whereas seven other species are reported for the first time in Arunachal Pradesh, northeastern India. The observations indicate that Arunachal Pradesh is a rich spot for entomological fauna. Most of the area is densly covered by decideous and evergreen forests. A long term survey covering maximum habitats over different seasons would be required at the earliest to explore and document the entomological wealth of the region. All the cerambycids are primary pests of forest trees and timber products which cause huge economic losses in the region. Considering the lack of studies on the wood borer insects in Arunachal Pradesh, present findings have much significant for understanding insect biodiversity in the region and providing baseline data for further research programmes.

 

 

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