A PRELIMINARY CHECKLIST
OF BUTTERFLIES RECORDED FROM JEYPORE-DEHING FOREST, EASTERN ASSAM, INDIA
Monsoon Jyoti Gogoi
Bokakhat East Dagaon,
Golaghat District, Assam 785612, India
monsoonjyoti@gmail.com
doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/JoTT.o3022.3684-96 | ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:3FB58B80-C636-418F-B3FD-307245A84375
Editor: James Young, Hong Kong
Lepidopterists’ Society, Hong Kong Date of publication: 26 February
2013 (online & print)
Manuscript details: Ms #
o3022 | Received 25 November 2011 | Final received 11 December 2012 | Finally
accepted 15 December 2012
Citation: Gogoi, M.J. (2013). A
preliminary checklist of butterflies recorded from Jeypore-Dehing forest,
eastern Assam, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 5(2): 3684–3696;
doi:10.11609/JoTT.o3022.3684-96.
Copyright: © Gogoi 2013. Creative Commons
Attribution 3.0 Unported License. JoTT allows unrestricted use of this
article in any medium, reproduction and distribution by providing adequate
credit to the authors and the source of publication.
Funding: Some amount of funding was
provided by Assam Forest Department as a part of Jeypore Biodiversity Coffee
Table Book , while the fund was self-financed to
complete the checklist.
Competing Interest: None.
Acknowledgements: The author thanks Kashmira Kakati and A. Christy Williams for makings
the field arrangements and accommodation during the survey and providing the map
for my report. The author would also like to thank the local guides, Lakhindra,
Dilip, Khageswar and orchid specialist Khyanjeet Gogoi for assisting on the
field. The author also thanks James Young for providing the available
literatures.
For
figures, images, tables -- click here
Jeypore Reserve Forest (JRF)
is one of the few remaining continuous stretches of woodland left in upper
Assam. The forest lies just inside
the south bank of the Brahmaputra River Basin, which is the barrier for many
dispersal limited Malayan flora and fauna. The reserve forest further lies in the foothills of Patkai-Bum hill
ranges of Arunachal Pradesh which is likely to
influence the bio-geographic pattern of many Malayan butterflies in
northeastern India. Despite the
bio-geographic significance of the area, the area remains poorly documented in
terms of butterfly community and hence data deficient. Doherty (1889) described Blue Quaker Pithecops
fulgens and Yellow-vein Lancer Pyroneura margheritafrom nearby Margherita. But,
nothing was known of the butterfly community in JRF. The present study was therefore taken
with an objective of providing a baseline data of the butterfly community in
JRF.
Study area: Jeypore Reserve Forest (JRF) (27006’
–27016’N & 95021’–95029’),
with a total area of 10,876km2 is located in Dibrugarh District of
Upper Assam, adjoining Arunachal Pradesh. The reserve forest falls under the Jeypore-Dehing Landscape of Assam
Valley semi-evergreen rainforest (Champion & Seth 1968) and is one of the
last remaining large tracts of lowland tropical forests left in Upper Assam
(Image 1). JRF falls under the
Eastern Himalayan biodiversity hotspot. The reserve forest lies in the foothills of the Patkai range and the terrain is characterized by the undulating hill ranges of Arunachal
Pradesh meeting the plains of the Assam Valley. The reserve has a passage through it,
leading to Deomali and Khonsa in Arunachal Pradesh (Image 2). The river Burhi-Dehing flows through the
northern boundary of the reserve forest and Dilli River flowing through Namrup lying at an elevation of 124m is the southern boundary of
the reserve. The vegetation is
characterized by Dipterocarpus marcocarpus, Messua ferrea and Vatica
lanceafolia from the top canopy to the middle. The ground floor is dominated by Saprosma
ternatum, Livistonia jenkiansiana and Calamus erectus etc. Bamboo species of Dandrocalamus
hamiltonii and Pseudostachyum polymorphum are present in most
patches of the forest.
Materials and methods: JRF was surveyed in
different seasons, February (2010), May (2010), November (2010) and
September–October (2011). The
survey was done on different forest trails and hill streams regularly between
10.00–15.00 hr (Image 3). Butterfly species were identified using the identification keys of Evans
(1932), Talbot (1947), and photographic guides of Kehimkar (2008) and Haribal
(1992).
Notes on selected species:
White Punch Dodona longicaudata De Nicéville (Image 4): One
individual was encountered in February of around 150m. The species has also been photographed
and sighted recently from Namdapha and Garo Hills
<http://ifoundbutterflies.org/188-dodona/dodona-longicaudata>. The species was first described in 1881
from Shillong, Khasia Hills by De Nicéville. A single female individual was sighted
at Gaspani, Naga Hills, at 455m. A
male was collected from Cachar Road, Manipur in December and a female from the
same place in November (Tytler 1915). The species is treated as very rare in Evans 1932. The species is so far known only from
the south bank of the Brahmaputa and Patkai Hills of northeastern India.
Burmese Bushblue Arhopala birmana birmana Moore (Image 5): The
species was encountered four times in JRF in January and February. The species has been recorded at Sebong,
Manipur (Tytler 1915). The species
is treated as not rare and the distribution range is from Assam-Dawnas (Evans
1932). The species is known only
from the south bank of the Brahmaputra River Basin of northeastern India. Many specimens were seen in JRF, most of them had the white
patches. The specimen photographed
lack white patches. The species was
confirmed birmana on the basis of upper side wing, border being 4mm at apex,
2mm in dorsum and 2.5mm in hindwing (Evans 1957).
Blue Quaker Pithecops fulgens Doherty (Image 6,7): One individual
was encountered at Tipam of JRF. The species was first described by Mr. Doherty from Margherita,
Upper Assam. Since then, the
species was collected in fairly good numbers from Irang and Lengba rivers,
western Manipur hills (Tytler 1915). The species is rare as per Evans (1932). The species is similar to Forest Quaker,P. corvus from underside but differs from it as
the upper side is blue with a brown border in males whereas in the P.corvusthe upper side is brown. Swinhoe
(1912–1913) describes the habitat of the species from Margherita, upper
Assam based on Doherty’s record. The species probably occurs only in south of Brahmaputra River Basin in
the Patkai Bum of northeastern India.
Hooked Oakblue Arhopala paramuta DeNicéville (Image 8): The
species is not rare and occurs from Sikkim to Karens as per as Evans 1932. The species is rare in Manipur and has
been collected from Imphal at low elevations (Tytler 1915). The species occurs from mid-elevation of
the eastern Himalaya to the lowest altitude of northeastern India. The insect was common near Kothalguri of
JRF. I personally encountered
the species a few times at Panbari Forest, Kaziranga, Assam.
Indian Oakblue Arhopala atrax (= alemon, hewitsoni) (Image
9): A female individual was encountered in JRF. The species is reported from Bengal,
Niligiris, Poona, Pachmarhi, Orissa, Murre, Mussorie, Simla, Kumaon, Nepal,
Sikkim, Assam, Burma-Ataran (Evans 1957). I found the species very common in the
Eastern Ghats. The species is not
common in northeastern India.
Tytler’s Dull Oakblue Arhopala ace arata Tytler (Image 10): Two
individuals were recorded in Gulmari of JRF in the month of Janurary. Another individual was encountered on
the border between Dehing-Patkai WLS. I place the species under it on the basis of Evan’s description ‘below
dark brown, marking very wide and prominent outlined white’. The specimens I encountered were less
prominently outlined white. A male
from Lengba River, Western Manipur Hills, and two from Sebong, East Manipur Hills
have been reported and described for the first time by Tytler in 1915. The species has been reported as very
rare (Evans 1932). The subspecies
has so far been reported from Manipur and Ruby Mines, northern Burma (Evans
1957). Another subspecies occurs in
Perak, Sumatra and Borneo.
Green Oakblue Arhopala eumolphus eumolphus Crammer (Image 11,12):
One male and a few females were encountered in JRF during the field study. This subspecies is distributed in
Sikkim, Nepal, Assam and is not rare as per Evans
(1932).
Sylhet Oakblue Arhopala silhetensis silhetensis Hewtson (Image
13): One individual was encountered in September 2011 and appears to be smaller
than the one I encountered at Panbari Forest. The race is distributed from Sikkim to
northern Burma and is rare (Evans 1932). The species is protected under Schedule 2 of the Wildlife (Protection)
Act, 1972.
Saffron Mota massyla Hewitson (Image 14): The species was sighted
four times in JRF. The species was
sighted from February–April. The species has been recorded from Sebong and on the Irang River in
Manipur at low elevations and from Kirbari in Naga Hills at a higher elevation
(Tytler 1915). The species is
distributed from Bhutan-Burma and is rare (Evans 1932). The species has been reported to be
locally common (Kehimkar 2008).
Narrow Spark Sinthusa nasaka amba Kirby (Image 15): One
individual was recorded in September. The subspecies is distributed from
Sikkim-Burma and is reportedly rare as per Evans 1932.
Branded Yamfly Yasoda tripunctata tripunctata Hewitson (Image
16): The species was encountered four times during my study in JRF. The species is rare as per Evans
1932. The species is protected
under Schedule 2 of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972.
Grey Baron Euthalia anosia anosia Moore (Image 17): One
individual was encountered in Deomali road and another was sighted near Namsai
tea estate in JRF in the month of November. It is a rare butterfly and habitat is
from Sikkim-Burma.
Kohinoor Amathuxidia amythaon amythaon Doubleday (Image 18): One
female and a male were sighted near Kothalguri of JRF in November. The male was found
visiting bird droppings in a forest trail. After the male was recorded, the nearby
forest patches were surveyed and the female was found subsequently. It is a large butterfly with a wing span of 110–130 mm. It occurs in Sikkim-Arunachal Pradesh
and in Bhutan, Bangladesh, and Myanmar. The species is rare in occurrence (Evans 1932).
Blue Nawab Polyura schreiber assamensis Rothschild (Image 19):
One individual was encountered on Deomali road of JRF in November. The species was first seen mud-puddling with open wings. The species is very rare (Evans
1932). The subspecies was first
described in the year 1899, type locality from (Khasi Hills, Jaintia Hills,
Shillong, Cherra Punji) Meghalaya, Naga Hills, (Jorehat) Upper Assam and
northern Burma (Myanmar). The butterfly also occurs in southern India as
subspecies wardi Moore (1895).
Watson’s Bushbrown Mycalesis adamsoni Watson (Image 20): Many
individuals were encountered at the end of October 2010 and 2011. The species is rare and occurs in
Manipur and northern Myanmar (Evans 1932). The ID key of the species is that the origin of v7 is pushed back before
end cell on hindwing.
Lilacine Bushbrown Mycalesis francisca sanatana Moore (Image 21):
One individual was encountered in October, 2011. The species is not rare and occurs from
Kulu-Burma (Evans 1932). However,
the habitat of the species is from Sikkim-Burma (Talbot 1947). The v7 origin is at end cell of hind wing which differentiates the species from M. adamsoni.
Large Three-ring Ypthima nareda sarcaposa Fruhstorfer (Image 22):
This subspecies is smaller in size in comparison to the other subspecies newaraof northeastern India. The species
has its distribution from Assam to Shan states and is not rare (Talbot 1947).
Striped Ringlet Ragadia crisilda crito De Nicéville (Image 23):
The species was sighted twice in JRF. The taxon crito is distributed from Bhutan to Naga Hills and
Manipur; rare (Talbot 1947). The subspecies crisilda occurs in
Cachar, Assam.
Peal’s Palmfly Elymnias pealii Wood-Mason (Image 24): The species
was sighted about 10 times during the field study at different sites of
JRF. The species is very rare and
endemic to Assam (Evans 1932). The
species is locally not rare but probably as it is restricted to Greater Assam,
Evans treated it as very rare.
Dot-dash Sergeant Athyma kanwa phorkys Fruhstorfer (Image 25):
The species was encountered three times during the course of the field study in
JRF. The species was found locally
common in Assam. The species is
rare and distributed in Assam-Burma (Evans 1932).
Spotted Sailer Neptis magadha khasianaMoore (Image 26): The species was found mud-puddling on a few occasions on the
road to Deomali near Tipam of JRF in October. The race is distributed from Bhutan to northern
Burma and is rare (Evans 1932).
Plain Sailer Neptis cartica cartica Moore (Image 27): One
individual was encountered at Tipam in the month of October. The species was slightly smaller than
the specimens I encountered in Mishmi Hills. Another subspecies, Neptis cartica
burmana also occurs in Assam. I recorded this subspecies once in Dollamora
and Panbari Forest (Kaziranga-Karbi Anglong) in 2009.
Perak Lascar Pantoporia paraka paraka Butler (Image 28): One
individual was encountered puddling on a stone in a small nallah during
March. The race is distributed from
Assam to Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Hainan, Malay Peninsular,
Sumatra, Borneo, Banka, Batu, Java, Palawan. Another species Pantoporia assamicaMoore (Assam-northern Bhutan) was also recorded in JRF (Image 29). The species is a race of Pantoporoa
paraka in Global Lepidoptera Names Index
(<http://www.nhm.ac.uk/research-curation/research/projects/lepindex/>).
Extra Lascar Pantoporia sandaka davidsoni Eliot (Image 30): One
individual was encountered during March, sitting upon a leaf near a small
forest stream. The species was
first described in 1892 from Borneo. The race davidsoni occurs from India to Myanmar, Thailand, Laos,
Cambodia, Vietnam, Hainan and was named by Eliot in
1969 with type specimen from North Kanara, southern India.
Indian Awlking Choaspes benjaminii benjaminii Guerin-Meneville
(Image 31): The species was common at Tipam nallah of JRF. The species could be found making rapid
flight on Deomali road. The species is not rare and distribution is Sri Lanka
and southern India (Evans 1932). The species was represented in Kulu, Karens, China, Siamas subspecies xanthropogon. However, the taxon xanthropogon was later validated as a
different species and was considered synonymous to taxon similis. The taxon benjaminii is actually
distributed all over India.
Similar Awlking Choaspes similis Evans (=xanthropogon)
(Image 32): One individual was encountered in October. The species is distributed in Kashmir,
Nepal, Sikkim, Assam, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, China, Formosa. The
species can be differentiated from C. stigmata from the underside in
having tornal area not above V3, while in C. stigmata the tornal orange
area continues above v3. In C.
benjaminii the tornal orange area does not even reach V3. Also, the upper side base of C.
stigmata is dark iridescent green but the upper side colour is uniform in C.
similis.
Pale Striped Dawnfly Capilia zennara Moore (Image 33, 34): The
species could be recorded a few times between Kothalguri and Tipam of JRF in
November. One male at Kothalguri
road, and another just near it were recorded. Another male was found in the hill
stream near Kothalguri. One female
at Kothalguri, another at Tipam were recorded. The species has been reported from
Nichuguard, Naga hills and Sebong, Naga hills (Tytler
1915). The species has been
reported from Sikkim, Assam in India and occurs till Thailand. The species is treated very rare (Evans
1932). In recent times it has only
been sighted from Buxa Tiger Reserve (Vivek Sarkar pers. comm. 2010) and Nambor
RF, Karbi Anglong, upper Assam (Gaurab Nandi Das pers. comm. 2012).
Andaman Yellow-banded Flat Celaenorrhinus andamanicus hanna Evans (Image 35): The subspecies hanna was
described by Evans in 1949 from Bhutan. Later it was also recorded from Thailand. The species was photographed in
Kothalguri of JRF. This is a new
addition to the butterfly fauna of mainland India. The key character of the species andamanicusmentioned by Evans (1932) is that the discal spot in 1b is directed
exactly to tornus.
Dusky Yellow-breast Flat Gerosis
phisara phisara Moore (Image 36): A few male individuals were encountered in a
river stream at Tipam of JRF. The
subspecies is distributed from Sikkim to Burma and further up to Malaya and not
rare (Evans 1932). The species is
quite common in Assam.
White Yellow-breast Flat Gerosis
sinica indica Evans (Image 37): One individual was encountered at Tipam at
JRF. The subspecies occurs in
Assam, another subspecies narada is found in Sikkim and subspecies sinicais distributed in central and western China and not rare (Evans 1932). The species is rare in Assam.
Sikkim White Flat Seseria sambara Moore (Image 38, 39): One
individual was encountered in April and few times in October. The species does not appear common in
the Naga Hills and Manipur (Tytler 1915).
Grass Bob Suada swerga swerga De Nicéville (Image 40): One
individual was encountered in October. The species is not rare and the distribution range of the species is
from Sikkim-Burma and further up to Malaya, Sumatra (Evans 1932). The species was first described in 1883
from Sikkim. The species is
reported common at Sebong, Manipur during cold winters (Tytler 1915).
Malay Forest Bob Scobura phiditia Hewitson (=martini Elwes
and Edwards) (Image 41, 42): The species has been mentioned
by Tytler (1915) from Manipur as ‘Scobura martini’. The species has been reported from
Manipur to Burma, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo and
not rare (Evans 1932). The species
has been recently sighted in Panbari Forest, Kaziranga, Assam by the author in
2010 (unpublished information of the author in 2001). Interestingly on the individual recorded
at JRF, there was no discal row of black spots on the underside hind wing
(Evans description that often a discal row of black spots occurs). It looks a different race from those in
the Panbari Forest of Kaziranga.
Large Forest Bob Scobura cephaloides cephaloides De Nicéville
(Image 43): One individual was encountered near Dilli River. I have recorded the species from Mishmi
Hills and Panbari Forest, Assam. The species has been recorded from Naga Hills and Western Manipur Hills
(Tytler 1915). The species is rare and distributed from Sikkim - souther Shan
States, Tonkin and Hainan (Evans 1932).
Dark-branded Swift Caltoris brunnea Snellen (Image 44, 45): One
individual was encountered in October. The species has a wide range of distribution from Sikkim-Bhutan and
further up to Borneo and is not rare (Evans 1932). The species was first
described in 1876, type locality is Java. The species could be identified by a
narrow grey brand mid-vein 1 to lower inner edge of spot 2 in the male.
Tufted Swift Caltoris plebeia DeNicéville (Image 46): A male
specimen was sighted at JRF, in February near Dehing-Patkai WS. The species is distributed from Sikkim
to Bhutan and further up to Java, Borneo and Pulo Laut (Evans 1932).
Atkinson’s Bob Arnetta atkinsoni Moore (Image 47): Four individuals
were recorded in Gulmari of JRF. The species is not rare as per Evans 1932. The species is distributed from Sikkim
to Tavoy and is not rare (Evans 1932).
Halpe homolea homolea Hewitson (Image 48):
The species was common in JRF. The Halpespecies has a brand on the upper wing. The species seems to fit Halpe homolea homolea as spots are
present on the small upper side and on the underside sub marginal and discal
spots are clearly defined. Tytler
(1915) mentioned the species to be very common in Manipur and Naga Hills. Evans (1932) described the species as
not rare.
Yellow-vein Lancer Pyroneura margherita Doherty (Images 49, 50):
The species was encountered four times near Kothalguri in JRF in summer. The species has been treated as a
subspecies of latoia with locality from Upper Assam and Tenasserim and
very rare (Evans 1932). But, the
species is not rare in upper Assam. I encountered the species many times in Panbari Forest of
Kaziranga. But, the specimens of
Jeypore differ from that of Panbari in having conjoined cell spots in the
forewing, while in the latter the cell spots are separate.
Northern Spotted Ace Thoressa cerata Hewitson (Images 51,52): The
species was encountered many times in JRF. The specimens differ from the higher elevation races of Arunachal
Pradesh (Mishmi Hills, Namdapha) in having very small discal and post-discal
spots in the underside of hindwing. The specimens of Panbari also had very small spots. The species is distributed from Sikkim
to Karens and is not rare (Evans 1932).
Forest Hopper Asticopterus jama olivascens Moore (Image 53): One
individual was encountered at Gulmari in JRF. The race is distributed from Kumaon to
Karens, Siam and not rare (Evans 1932).
Discussions
During the survey many significant butterflies were sighted from the
lowland forests of JRF. February
and November were found to be best months for butterflies in JRF. Altogether, a total of 292 species of
butterflies were recorded as a result of continuous field surveys conducted
during 2010–2011 which included two sightings Darpa pteria (Karthikeyan &
Venkatesh 2011) and Chersonesia rahira rahrioides(Vidya Venkatesh & S. Karthikeyan pers. comm. 2011) (Table 1). There
are many factors influencing the species richness of JRF. The average elevation of JRF of about
150m, lying in the foothills of the Patkai range of northeastern India,
influences the distribution pattern of butterflies. A few of the butterflies of JRF show
interesting bio-geographic pattern due to the barrier effect of the Brahmaputra
River Basin (BRB). As JRF lies on
the South Bank of BRB species such as Pithecops fulgens, Dodona
longicaudata, Arhopala birmana, Pyroneura margherita occur in
JRF. These species were not known
from the north bank of the Brahmaputra River Basin as it acts as a barrier of
species distribution. Further, JRF
is also classified as a rainforest due to its unique precipitation which might
be another factor contributing to species richness in the area. Overall, sighting of extremely rare
species such as Dodona longicaudata, Capilia zennara, Amathuxidia
amythaon, Pithecops fulgens etc. shows the importance of saving the
last remaining lowland forests in Assam and northeastern India.
References
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