Additional records of Tettigoniidae from
Arunachal Pradesh, India
G. Srinivasan 1& D. Prabakar 2
1,2Zoological Survey of India, 535, M-Block, New Alipore,
Kolkata, West Bengal 700053, India
Email: 1 zsisamy@rediffmail.com (corresponding
author), 2 dprabakar14@gmail.com
Date of publication (online): 26 November 2012
Date of
publication (print): 26 November 2012
ISSN 0974-7907
(online) | 0974-7893 (print)
Editor: R.K.
Avasthi
Manuscript
details:
Ms # o2927
Received 25 August
2011
Final received 03
October2012
Finally accepted
17 October 2012
Citation:G. Srinivasan & D. Prabakar (2012). Additional records of
Tettigoniidae from Arunachal Pradesh, India. Journal
of Threatened Taxa 4(14): 3255–3268.
Copyright:© G. Srinivasan & D. Prabakar 2012. Creative Commons
Attribution 3.0 Unported License. JoTT allows unrestricted use of this
article in any medium for non-profit purposes, reproduction and distribution by
providing adequate credit to the authors and the source of publication.
Author Details: Dr. G. Srinivasan is working as Scientist-C in
Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata. His area of research
interest are in the Bio-systematic studies of short horned and long
horned grasshoppers (Orthoptera), Phasmids and Vespidae (Hymenoptera).
Shri. D. Prabakar working as Assistant Zoologist at
Zoological Survey of India, Southern Regional Centre, Chennai. His area of
research interest is in the bio-systematic studies of grasshoppers
(Orthoptera).
Author Contribution: The Study:GS has done the Survey, Field photography, collection and the preservation of
the specimens. DP has assisted in the preparation of the manuscript. Current paper: GS has done identification,
preparation of various identification keys. DP has also assisted in preparation
of the identification keys and the manuscript.
Acknowledgements:We are grateful to Dr. K. Venkataraman, Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata for providing facilities to carry out the work. We
are also thankful to Dr. G. Maheswaran, Officer-in-Charge, Arunachal Pradesh
Field Centre, Zoological Survey of India, Itanagar for
providing the specimens on loan for our studies.
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:FFB58E61-6537-4F34-BC8A-8453F8C2F05E
Abstract: Ten species of
Tettigoniids under 10 genera belonging to five subfamilies of the family
Tettigoniidae from Arunachal Pradesh are discussed of which five species are
new records to India and nine species are new records to Arunachal Pradesh.
Keywords: Arunachal
Pradesh, Chloracris, Khaoyaiana, Phyllozelus, Pseudophyllus, Onomarchus, Orthoptera,
Tettigoniidae, Trachyzulpha,
Abbreviations: BMNH
- Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom; LSUK - Linnean Society,
United Kingdom, London; MZPW - Museum Ziemi PAN, Warsaw, Poland; MHNG - Museum
d’histoire Naturelle in Geneva, Switzerland; MNHN - Museum National d’histoire
Naturelle, Paris, France; NHMV - Naturhistorisches Museum Vienna; SMFD -
Naturmuseum Senckenberg, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; ZMUM - Zoological Museum
University of Moscow; ZSI - Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, West Bengal,
India.
The state of Arunachal
Pradesh is located in northeastern India, situated between 26028’–29030’N
and 91030’–97030’E and borders the states of Assam
and Nagaland to the south, and shares international borders with Bhutan in the
west, Myanmar in the east and the People’s Republic of China (PRC) in the
north. Arunachal
Pradesh is covered by the Himalaya. However, parts of Lohit, Changlang and Tirap are covered by the Patkai
Hills. Kangto, Nyegi Kangsang, the
main Gorichen Peak and the eastern Gorichen Peak are some of the highest peaks
in this region of the Himalaya. At
the lowest elevations, essentially at Arunachal Pradesh’s border with Assam, is
Brahmaputra Valley with its semievergreen forests. Much of the state, including the
Himalayan foothills and the Patkai Hills, are home to eastern Himalayan
broadleaf forests. Toward the
northern border, with increasing elevation, comes a mixture of eastern and
northeastern Himalayan subalpine conifer forests followed by the eastern
Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows and ultimately rock and ice on the highest
peaks.
Species of the family
Tettigoniidae, known in American English as katydids and in British English as
bush crickets, are very attractive in appearance. They are part of the suborder Ensifera
and the only family in the superfamily Tettigonioidea. They are also known as long horned
grasshoppers although they are more closely related to crickets than to
grasshoppers. They are widely
distributed in tropical and subtropical parts of the world (Heller 1995). Tettigoniidae is a widely distributed
family that includes about 6000 species in 1070 genera (Otte 1997). Out of these only 159 species of 72
genera are reported from India (Shishodia et al. 2010). The adults are small to large
(15–120 mm) and poorly known from India.
Some important works on the
taxonomy and distribution of Tettigoniidae of northeastern India include:
Barman & Srivastava (1976), Shishodia (2000), Shishodia & Tandon
(2000), Barman (2003), Shishodia et al. (2003, 2010), Kulkarni & Shishodia
(2005), Senthilkumar et al. (2006), and Senthilkumar (2010). The present paper deals with 10
species. The classification is
after Rentz (1979).
Material and Methods
All the specimens were
handpicked during night from the street lights and in
the early morning from the vegetation. The collected specimens were killed by using ethyl acetate and preserved
as dry specimens. The pinned
specimens were subjected to taxonomic studies by using Olympus SZX10
microscope.
All the studied specimens are
deposited at the Arunachal Pradesh Regional Centre, Zoological Survey of India,Itanagar (APRC/ZSI).
Systematic account
Order: Orthoptera
Suborder: Ensifera
Superfamily: Tettigonioidea
Family: Tettigoniidae
Subfamily: Phaneropterinae
Genus Khaoyaiana Ingrisch, 1990
1. Khaoyaiana nitens Ingrisch, 1990
Genus TrachyzulphaDohrn, 1892
2. Trachyzulpha fruhstorferi Dohrn, 1892
Subfamily: Pseudophyllinae
Genus ChloracrisPictet & Saussure, 1892
3. Chloracris brullei, Pictet &
Saussure, 1892
Genus PseudophyllusServille, 1831
4. Pseudophyllus neriifolius(Lichtenstein, 1796)
Genus Onomarchus Stål,
1874
5. Onomarchus uninotatus (Serville,
1838)
Genus Phyllozelus Redtenbacher,
1892
6. Phyllozelus (Phyllozelus)siccus siccus (Walker, 1869)
Subfamily: Conocephalinae
Genus Euconocephalus Karny,
1907
7. Euconocephalus indicus(Redtenbacher, 1891)
Genus PyrgocoryphaStål, 1873
8. Pyrgocorypha subulata (Thunberg,
1815)
Subfamily: Mecopodinae
Genus MecopodaServille, 1831
9. Mecopoda elongata elongata(Linnaeus, 1758)
Subfamily: Listroscelidinae
Genus Hexacentrus Serville,
1831
10. Hexacentrus unicolor Serville,
1831
Subfamily: Phaneropterinae
Genus Khaoyaiana Ingrisch, 1990
1. Khaoyaiana nitens Ingrisch, 1990 (Image
1)
1990. Khaoyaiana nitens,
Ingrisch, SenckenbergianaBiologica, 70(1–3): 107. Holotype, Male,
Type locality: Thailand; SMFD
Frankfurt.
1994. Khaoyaiana nitens,
Jin, Xingbao & K. L. Xia, Jour. Orth. Res., 3: 22.
1998. Khaoyaiana nitens,
Ingrisch & Shishodia, Mitt. Schweiz. Ent. Gesellsch., 71(3–4): 365.
2000. Khaoyaiana nitens,
Ingrisch & Shishodia, Mitt. Münch. Ent. Ges., 90: 20.
2002. Khaoyaiana nitens,
Ingrisch, Entomologica Basiliensia, 24: 127.
2004. Khaoyaiana nitens,
Shishodia & Barman, Zool. Surv. India, State Fauna Series, Fauna
of Manipur, 10 (2): 141.
Material examined: One
female, 15.xi.2006, Ganga Lake, Papumpare District, Arunachal Pradesh, India,
26030’–29030’N & 91030’– 97030’E,
coll. G. Srinivasan, Reg.No. IV/2299/APRC/ZSI.
Diagnosis: Fastigium
conical, apex blunt, furrowed dorsally; fastigium
verticis slightly surpassing the rim of the antennal scrobae. Rounded eyes, little
strongly accentuated. Antenna not surpassing the elytra. Disc of pronotum smooth, more or less
straight in front, with hind end convex. Sulcus short before the middle. Pronotum higher than long, hind end
almost straight, lower rim wide rounded off with coarse. Prosternum
unarmed. The wing
hyaline, protruding part chitinous and glossy green. Legs with the following number of spines
on dorsal margins: profemur, mesofemur and postfemur smooth; protibia
smooth. The mesotibia is smooth on
dorso-external and with two spines on dorso-internal side. The posttibia with 30 minute, distinct,
black tipped external and 28 minute, distinct, black tipped internal
spines. Legs with the following
number of spines on ventral margins: profemur and mesofemur smooth but the
postfemur with four minute, distinct, black tipped external and seven minute,
distinct, black tipped internal spines and with an apical spine; protibia with
one external and two internal, mesotibia
with four minute, distinct, black tipped external and four minute, distinct,
black tipped internal, posttibia with five distantly placed minute, distinct,
black tipped ventro-external and 11 minute, distinct, black tipped
ventro-internal and with a pair of apical spines on each side. Post tibiae on sides compressed and
spread out on all four sides. Supra
anal plate long and triangular or tongue shaped; cerci long,lean gradually against the apex rejuvenated and acuminate and symmetrical. Ovipositor broad. Dorsal
valvula somewhat shorter than the ventral valvula. On the dorsal part of the valvula are
toothed, starting from middle part to apex at the ventral side of the valvula.
Subgenital plate long and wide baso-laterally; basal triangular indented,
lateral far raised and apical supported. The tibial tympana open on both the sides.
Colouration: Green, glossy, ovipositor dark brown.
Measurements (in mm): Total
Length 55; Body 22; Fastigium 3.5; Pronotum 9; Tegmen 43; Profemur 10;
Mesofemur 7; Postfemur 28; Protibia 9; Mesotibia 6; Posttibia 30; Ovipositor 5.
Distribution: India:
Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya and Mizoram; Bhutan; Central Thailand;
China.
Remarks: New record for Arunachal Pradesh.
Genus Trachyzulpha Dohrn, 1892
2. Trachyzulpha fruhstorferi Dohrn, 1892 (Image 2)
1892. Trachyzulpha
fruhstorferi, Dohrn, Stett. Entomol. Z., 53: 68. Holotype, female,
Type locality: Asia-Tropical, Malaysia, Jawa; (MZPW) Warsaw.
1906. Trachyzulpha
fruhstorferi, Kirby, W.F. A synonymic catalogue of
Orthoptera (Orthoptera, saltatoria, Locustidae Vel Acrididae) 2: 408.
1926. Trachyzulpha
fruhstorferi, Karny, Jour. Fed. Malay States mus. 13(2–3): 81.
1936. Trachyzulpha fruhstorferi,
Heller, K.M. & K. Günther, Tijdschr. v. Entomologie 79:
74.
1962. Trachyzulpha
fruhstorferi, Bei-Bienko, Trudy Zool. Inst. Akad. Nauk. SSSR, Leningrad.30: 124.
1994. Trachyzulpha
fruhstorferi, Jin, Xinghao & Hsia, Jour. Orth. Res. 3: 24.
Material examined: One
male, 03.vi.2008, DFO Quarters, Jengging, East Siang District, Arunachal
Pradesh, India, 28034’14.0’’N & 95003’37.6’’E,
coll. G. Srinivasan, Reg.No. IV/2300/APRC/ZSI.
Diagnosis: Fastigium sulcated, laterally compressed and conically produced
with blunt apex, fastigium verticis distinctly surpassing the rim of the
antennal scrobae. Eyes are
protruded. The anterior margin of
pronotum concave and posterior margin convex. The pronotal margins
expands like armour with the lateral carinae denticulated. There is a clearly marked black colour
“W-shaped” band attached with an inverted “V-shaped” structure on the
dorsal side of the pronotal constriction. The posterior margin of the pronotum appears black because it is dotted
with black. The lower half of the
lateral sides of the pronotum is pale green and the upper half is black. The prosternum unarmed. A pale coloured band runs on the ventral
side of the abdomen. The radius sector two of the tegmina arises before the
middle. The hind
femur with 10 spines on its external margin of the ventral side. The
basal three are small and the remaining spines are gradually increasing in
their size with the space in between them. No spines on the inner margin. A long apical spine
present on the external side and a short spine on the internal side of the hind
femur. The dorsal side of
the hind femur is smooth. The dorsal side of hind tibia bearing six sickle-shaped spines on
its external margin and 10 on its internal margin. The ventral side of the hind tibia has
11 normal shaped spines. The base
of the spines is dark brown and the tips are red. The fore tibia has three spines on the
external margin, eight spines on the middle and 10 on the internal margin of
the dorsal side. The subgenital
plate broadest at the base and then narrowed posteriorly. The lobes of the united styli curved
inward with a blunt end at the apex. The circus gradually narrowed, covered with spinules, bristles and
curved at apex. The tibial tympana
open on both the sides.
Colouration: Body is green. The tegmina are green with five white-centered
discontinuous transverse black bands. The femur and tibia of the three pair of legs are transversed with black
and white coloured bands.
Measurements (in mm): Total
Length 58; Body 23; Fastigium 2; Pronotum 8; Tegmen 45; Profemur 9;
Mesofemur; Postfemur 20; Protibia 7; Mesotibia; Posttibia 22.
Distribution: India:
Arunachal Pradesh; Indonesia: Java; Malaysia; Thailand.
Remarks: New record for India.
Subfamily: Pseudophyllinae
Genus Chloracris Pictet & Saussure, 1892.
3. Chloracris brullei Pictet & Saussure, 1892
(Image 3)
1892. Chloracris brullei,Pictet & Saussure, Iconographie des quelques sauterelles vertes, p.
22. Syntype, Male & female, Type locality: Asia-Tropical, Malaysia, Java,
(MHNG) Geneva Museum.
1895. Pseudophyllus
brullei, Brunner Von Wattenwyl, Verh. Der. Zoologish Botanischen.
Gesellsch. Wien, 45: 37.
1906. Chloracris brullei,Kirby, A synonymic catalogue of orthoptera, 2: 294.
1938. Chloracris brullei,De Jong, Zoologische Mededeelingen XXI: 9.
1945. Chloracris brullei, De
Jong, C. Zool. Mededelingen. (Leiden) 25: 5.
1954. Chloracris brullei,Beier, Revision der Pseudophyllinen 66.
1995. Chloracris brulleiHeller, K.G. Jour. Zool., London, 237: 480.
Material examined: One female, 15.xi.2006, Ganga Lake, Papumpare District,
Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh, India, 26030’–29030’N &
91030’–97030’E, coll. G. Srinivasan, Reg.No.
IV/2301/APRC/ZSI.
Diagnosis: Fastigium, shortened apically, verticis conical, apex blunt, dorsally
furrowed, slightly surpassing the rim of the crowded antennal scrobae. The dorsal surface of pronotum smooth, bears two distinct sutures. The lower margin of the lateral pronotum
is undulated. Prosternum unarmed. The chief specific characters of the species are those of the form of
the tegmina and their venation. Absence of ocelli on the tegmen. This species should be identified after
the spines on their hind legs. The dorsal side of the hind femora is
smooth. The number of spines on the
ventro-external margin of the hind femora is 13 and as a rule these spines are
a little longer than the spines of the internal margin. The number of smaller spines on the
ventro-internal margin of the hind femora is 10. There are four spines on the
dorso-internal margin of the hind tibia. The dorso-external margin of the hind
tibia is smooth. The number of
spines on the ventro-external margin of the hind tibia is eight. The number of spines on the
ventro-internal margin of the hind tibia is seven and as a rule these spines
are a little smaller. The number of
spines on the ventro-external margin of the mid leg femur is seven whereas five
long spines on the internal margin and they are in equal distance. There are five very short spines on the
ventro–internal margin of the mid leg femur. There are only two spines on the dorsal
side of the mid leg tibia. There
are eight spines on the ventro–external margin and six on the
ventro–internal margin of the mid leg tibia. The dorsal side of the
fore femur smooth. There are
five spines on the ventro–internal margin of the hind femur and four
spines on the ventro-external margin. The ventro-internal margin of the fore tibia has five spines and six on
the ventro-external margin. Tibial
tympana closed on both the sides.
Colouration: The general colour of the specimen is green.
Measurements (in mm): Total
length 116; Body 55; Fastigium 4; Pronotum 12; Tegmen 97; Profemur 14;
Mesofemur 15; Postfemur 28; Protibia 11; Mesotibia 14; Posttibia 26; Ovipositor
27.
Distribution: India: Arunachal Pradesh; Indonesia: Borneo, Sumatra, Java; China; Malaysia.
Remarks: New
record for India.
Genus Pseudophyllus Serville, 1831.
4. Pseudophyllus neriifolius (Lichtenstein, 1796)
(Image 4)
1796. Locusta neriifolia,
Lichtenstein, Cat. Mus. Zool. Hamburg 3: 82. Syntype, Female, Type
locality: Asia-Tropical, Malaysia, Jawa, (ZMUM). Hamburg.
1813. Gryllus Tettigonia
neriifolius, Stål, Representation exactement colorée d’après nature des
spectres ou phasmes, des mantes, des sauterelles, des grillons, des criquets et des blattes: 11.
1831. Pseudophyllus neriifolius, Serville,Ann. Sci. nat., 22(86): 143.
1835. Pseudophyllus neriifolius,Brullé, In Audouin & Brullé. Histoire
naturelle des insectes, 9[1](5): 137.
1838. Pseudophyllus neriifolius,Serville, Histoire naturelle des insectes, Orthoptères, 466.
1842. Locusta
(Pseudophyllus) granigera, De Haan, In Temminck. Verhandelingen over de
natuurlijke geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche bezittingen Zoologie:203.
1862. Pseudophyllus neriifolius,Brunner von Wattenwyl, Abh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 12: 93.
1892. Cleandrus neriifolius,
Pictet & Saussure, Iconographie des quelques sauterelles vertes: 12.
1895. Chloracris
neriifolius, Brunner Von Wattenwyl, Verh. Der
Zoologisch–botanischen Gesellsch. Wien 45: 36.
1906. Cleandrus
neriifolius, Kirby, A Synonymic Catalogue of Orthoptera (Orthoptera
Saltatoria, Locustidae vel Acridiidae) 2: 295.
1919. Cleandrus
neriifolius, Dammerman, Landbouwdierkunde: 100.
1924. Cleandrus
neriifolius, Karny, Treubia 5(1–3): 173.
1927. Pseudophyllus
neriifolius, Caudell, Proc. U. S. Nation. Mus.71 (3), p. 32.
1927. Cleandrus neriifolius,Karny, Ark. Zool., 19A(12): 7.
1927. Cleandrus neriifolius,Ebner, Misc. Zool. Sumatrana, 20: 6.
1938. Pseudophyllus neriifolius,De Jong, Zoologische Mededeelingen XXI: 14.
1939. Pseudophyllus neriifolius,De Jong, C. Zool. Mededelingen (Leiden) 21: 14.
1945. Pseudophyllus neriifolius,De Jong, C. Zool. Mededelingen (Leiden) 25: 6.
1960. Pseudophyllus neriifolius,De Jong, C. Zoologische Verhandelingen 45: 7.
1963. Pseudophyllus
neriifolius, Beier, Orthopterum catalogus 5: 15.
Material examined: One male, 14.vi.2005, Papumpare District, Arunachal Pradesh,
India; ZSI Quarters Main gate, Itanagar, 2705’–35072’N
& 93037’–30072’E, coll. G. Srinivasan, Reg.No.
IV/2302/APRC/ZSI.
Diagnosis: Fastigium
verticis conical, dorsally furrowed, extends well beyond the rim
of antennal scrobae. The species is
easily known by the rather inflated general shape, the granulated pronotum with
an angulated hind border, granulated margins of pronotum, the unicolourous
vertex and the ocellate elytra. Prosternum
unarmed. Meso and metasternum
broader than long; lobes angulated; metasternum
narrowing posteriorly. In the males
the anterior branch of medial vein is bent anterior near the base and the
ocelliform markings are found between the two branches of medial vein just
behind this curved part of the anterior branch. The chief specific characters of the
species are those of the form of the tegmina and their venation. This species should be identified after
the spines on their hind legs. There are 13 spines on the dorsal side of the hind femora. The number of spines on the
ventro-external margin of the hind femora is 13 and as a rule these spines are
a little longer. The number of
spines on the ventro-internal margin of the hind femora is 12. There are six spines on the dorsal side
of the hind tibia among them the 1st one is small and the distance
between the 1st and 2nd spine is very less when compared
to the distance between the rest of the spines i.e. from 2–6. The number of spines on the ventro-external
margin of the hind tibia is nine. The number of spines on the ventro-internal margin of the hind tibia is
nine and as a rule these spines are a little smaller. The number of spines on the
ventro-external margin of the fore femur is seven whereas four long spines on
the internal margin and they are in equal distance. There are eight small spines on the
ventro-internal margin of the fore tibia and the basal three are less in
interspine distance when compare to the interspine distance of 4th–8thspines. There are seven spines on
the ventro-external margin of the fore tibia. Tibial tympana closed on both the sides.
Colouration: The general colour of the specimen is green.
Measurements (in mm): Total length 123; Body 60; Fastigium 4; Pronotum 19; Tegmen 103;
Profemur 15; Mesofemur 16; Postfemur 30; Protibia 15; Mesotibia 14; Posttibia
28.
Distribution: India: Arunachal Pradesh; Indonesia: Java and Sumatra.
Remarks: New record for India.
Genus Onomarchus Stål, 1874
5. Onomarchus uninotatus (Serville, 1838)
(Image 5)
1838. Pseudophyllus
uninotatus, Serville, Histoire naturelle des insectes. Orthoptères,
p. 468. Holotype, Female, Type locality: MHNG, Geneva Museum.
1842. Locusta
(Pseudophyllus) leuconota var. b. leuconota, uninotata, De Haan, In
Temminck. Verhandelingen over de natuurlijke geschiedenis der Nederlandsche
overzeesche bezittingen Zoologie: (nec leuconotus Serv.),
p. 204, pl.20, figs. 9 and 10.
1862. Pseudophyllus
uninotatus, Brunner von Wattenwyl, Abh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien 12: 93.
1906. Cleandrus uninotatus,
Kirby, A Synonymic Catalogue of Orthoptera (Orthoptera Saltatoria,
Locustidae vel Acridiidae) 2: 295.
1920. Pseudophyllus
uninotatus Karny, Zool. Mededelingen (Leiden) 5(4): 208.
1924. Cleandrus neriifolius uninotatus, Karny, Treubia 5(1–3): 174.
1938. Onomarchus
uninotatus, De Jong, Zoologische Mededeelingen, XXI: 26.
1939. Pseudophyllus
uninotatus, De Jong, Zool. Mededelingen (Leiden) 21: 26.
1945. Onomarchus uninotatus,
De Jong, Zool. Mededelingen (Leiden) 25: 6.
1954. Onomarchus uninotatus,Beier, Revision der Pseudophyllinen 60, 61.
1960. Onomarchus
uninotatus, De Jong, C. Zoologische Verhandelingen 45: 8.
1962. Onomarchus uninotatus,Beier, Tierreich,73: 45.
1965. Onomarchus uninotatus,
Weidner, Ent. Mitt. Zool. Museum Hamburg 3(53): 88.
1990. Onomarchus uninotatus,Ingrisch, Senckenbergiana Biologica, 70(1–3): 133.
1994. Onomarchus uninotatus,Jin, Xingbao & K.-L. Xia, Jour. Orth. Res.
3: 25.
1995. Onomarchus uninotatus,
Heller, K.-G., Jour. Zool., London, 237: 479.
Material examined: Two females, 08.x.2004, Papumpare District, Arunachal Pradesh,
India; ZSI Quarters main gate, Itanagar, 2705’–35072’N
& 93037’–30072’E, coll. G. Srinivasan, Reg.No. IV/2304/APRC/ZSI & IV/2305/APRC/ZSI. 1 Female,
09.xi.2005, East Kameng District, Arunachal Pradesh, India; Seijosa I. B, Pakke
Tiger Reserve, 92035’–93010’N & 26055’–27015’E,
coll. G. Srinivasan, Reg.No. IV/2306/APRC/ZSI.
Diagnosis: Fastigium
verticis triangular, apex obtuse, dorsally furrowed, slightly surpassing rim of
antennal scrobae. No minute pits
are found in the area below the eyes. Pronotum smooth with very few isolated tubercles; with one transverse
furrow in the anterior half of the disc; anterior margin broadly rounded,
posterior margin angular; paranota acute-triangular in general outline but
ventral margin truncate, latero-anterior margin faintly convex with very faint
sinuosities in ventral half, latero-posterior margin concave. Tegmen broad, semitransparent, oval and
of a pale green but rather narrow for the genus; subcosta running distant from
radius to behind branching of radius sector, and after a short approach
deviating again; media with a sinuate curvature in basal area. Prosternum unarmed. Meso and metasternum
transverse, mesosternum with a minute tubercle at anterior-lateral angle,
metasternum narrowing posteriorly. The meso and metasternum together are about as long as broad. Legs with
the following number of spines on ventral margins: profemur six indistinct
external and seven indistinct internal, mesofemur six minute external and seven
internal, postfemur five indistinct, one minute and five large external, 13
minute internal; protibia six minute external and seven minute internal,
mesotibia five minute external and five indistinct internal, posttibia nine
small external and seven minute internal. All tibiae with two ventro-apical spurs, without
dorsal spurs. Posttibia on
dorsal margins with six minute external and seven
large and broad internal spines. The hind tibiae bear a row of strong broadly based thorns on its dorsal
margins, which are situated at equal distances. Tibial tympana closed on both the sides.
Colouration: The general colour is green. In the females the tegmina has a distinct white spot near the base,
situated between the radial and the medial vein. The pronotum is green. The head is yellowish-green,the forehead is dark green, broadly bordered with white along the genae. The clypeus, labrum and the mandibulate
are of a whitish-green. The general
colour of the legs is of a greenish-grey shade, but the middle femora and
tibiae are white below.
Measurements (in mm): Total length 90; Body 40; Fastigium 4; Pronotum 8; Tegmen 70;
Profemur 9; Mesofemur 10; Postfemur 20; Protibia 9; Mesotibia 10; Posttibia 20;
Ovipositor 26.
Distribution: India: Arunachal Pradesh; Australia; Indoensia: Java and Sumatra; Malaysia;
Ambonia; Banka; Batoe Islands.
Remarks: New record for India.
Genus Phyllozelus Redtenbacher, 1892
Subgenus Phyllozelus (Redtenbacher, 1892)
6. Phyllozelus (Phyllozelus) siccus siccus (Walker, 1869). (Image 6)
1869. Pseudophyllus
siccus, Walker, Cat. Derm. Salt. Brit. Mus., 2: 403. Holotype,
female, Type locality: Asia-Tropical, Indian Subcontinent, India (Chennai),
(BMNH). London.
1869. Pseudophyllus
signatus, Walker, Cat. Derm. Salt. Brit. Mus., 2: 407.
1893. Phyllozelus
infumatus, Brunner Von Wattenwyl, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Giacomo
Doria Genova, Ser 2, 13(33): 174.
1962. Phyllozelus siccus,
Beier, Das Tierreich, 73: 102.
2003. Phyllozelus siccus,
Barman, Zool. Surv. India, State Fauna series: Fauna of Sikkim, 9(2):
200.
Material examined: One female, 15.xi.2006, Papumpare District, Arunachal Pradesh,
India; Ganga Lake, Itanagar, 26030’N–29030’N &
91030’E–97030’E, coll. G. Srinivasan, Reg.No. IV/
2307/APRC/ZSI.
Diagnosis: Robust species. Fastigium verticis narrow conical,
dorsally furrowed, apex blunt, not surpassing the rim of antennal scrobae. Pronotum not roof–shaped,
carinated and granulated with a transverse sulcus distinct on the disc and paranota,
obsolete on lateral angles; margins of pronotum not granulated; anterior margin
sinuate, convex in middle, posterior margin broadly rounded but convex in the
middle; paranota about as high as long, anterior and posterior angle almost
rectangular. Prosternum armed; meso
and metasternum strongly transverse, all of them as long as wide, lobes blunt;
Tegmen broad and leaf like, surpassing hind knees; radius sector branching
slightly before the middle of tegmen length, forked. The cubitus of Tegmina
pedunculate basally. This
species is easily known by the curious rugose erosion path in the anal area of
the tegmina and by the peculiar venal pattern. The subcostal and radial veins diverge
about the same place, where the branch of the radial vein finds its origin
namely a little before the middle of the tegmina. Hind wing caudate.Anterior femora compressed. Knee lobes of all legs bispinose. Legs with the following
number of spines on ventral margins: profemur no external and three indistinct
internal, mesofemur five minute external and seven internal, postfemur one
indistinct, 11 large, broad based external and 11 large internal, mesotibia
five minute indistinct external and seven minute internal, posttibia nine small
external and seven minute internal. All tibiae with two ventro-apical spurs, without
dorsal apical spurs. No
spines on femur and tibia on the dorsal margins. Tibial tympana closed on both the sides.
Colouration: The species when at rest on leaves camouflage like a leaf and
leafy green in colour. The dorsal sides of meso and postfemur are blue in
colour with sky–blue dots in between and the ventral side is light
yellow. The protibia and femur are green in colour. The meso tibia is green.
The tip of the ovipositor is dark brown to black.
Measurements (in mm): Total length 55; Body 35; Fastigium 4; Pronotum 9; Tegmen 60;
Profemur 10; Mesofemur 10; Postfemur 20; Protibia 9; Mesotibia 10; Posttibia
19; Ovipositor 15.
Distribution: India: Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim and Tamil Nadu; Indonesia:
Sumatra.
Remarks: New record for Arunachal Pradesh.
Subfamily: Conocephalinae
Genus Euconocephalus Karny, 1907
7. Euconocephalus indicus (Redtenbacher, 1891)
(Image 7)
1891. Conocephalus
indicus, Redtenbacher, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 41: 408, Lectotype,
Male, Type locality: Asia-Tropical, Indian
Subcontinent, India, Himalaya. (NHMV).
1979. Euconocephalus
indicus, Winston J. Bailey, Aust. J. Zool., 27: 1032.
1992. Euconocephalus
indicus, Hebard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad.,74: 238.
1998. Euconocephalus
indicus, Ingrisch & Shishodia, Mitt. Schweiz. Ent. Ges., 71: 370.
2000. Euconocephalus
indicus, Ingrisch & Shishodia, Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges., 90: 32.
2004. Euconocephalus
indicus, Shishodia & Barman, Zool. Surv. India, Fauna of
Manipur, State Fauna series, 10(2): 143.
Material examined: One
female, 10.x.2005, Papumpare District, Arunachal Pradesh, India; Itanagar
Zoological Park, 26030’–29030’N & 91030’E–97030’E,
coll. G. Srinivasan, Reg.No. IV/2308/APRC/ZSI.
Diagnosis: Fastigium
short, as long as broad, surpassing the antennal sockets; apex of the fastigial
vertex blunt, rounded; ventral notch clearly open, ventral tubercle small. Antennae not
annulated. Pronotum
converging towards the posterior margin from the dorsal aspect, side keels deep
and not markedly elongate. Prosternum armed with a pair of spines. Anterior lobes of meso and metasternum
rounded and the posterior lobes are angulated. Forewings long, surpassing hind knees
with the tip rounded. Radius sector two arise beyond the middle of the wing. Cubito–anal area of forewing not
distinctly broadened or rounded. All legs are long and slender. Post femora armed both externally and
internally on the ventral aspect. Legs with the following number of spines on ventral margins: profemur no
external and two indistinct internal, mesofemur four minute external and no
internal, postfemur seven minute external and 14 minute internal, protibia with
six external and six internal, mesotibia with six external and six internal, posttibia
25 small external and 25 small internal. All tibiae with two ventro–apical spurs and post tibia with an
apical spur on dorsal its margin. Postfemur smooth. Posttibia
with the following number of spines on dorsal margins: 28 small external and 25
small internal. Ovipositor
longer than the body and straight. The tibial tympana closed on both the
sides.
Colouration: General colouration green. Tip of the spines in both ventral margins of the post femur are dark
brown in colour. Tip of the spines
in both ventral margins of the protibia, mesotibia and posttibia are dark brown
in colour. Mandibles and hind femur
are pale brown. There are
12–15 distinct black spots on the posterior half of the tegmen.
Measurements (in mm): Total Length 62; Body 26; Fastigium 4; Pronotum 8; Tegmen 50;
Profemur 8; Mesofemur 10; Postfemur 28; Protibia 7; Mesotibia 9; Posttibia 26;
Ovipositor 30.
Distribution: India: Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram and Odisha;
Australia; China; Myanmar; Thailand; Malaysia: Penang, Peak Dovens; Indonesia:
Java, Borneo and Sumatra.
Remarks: New
record to Arunachal Pradesh.
Genus Pyrgocorypha Stål, 1873
8. Pyrgocorypha subulata (Thunberg, 1815)
(Image 8)
1815. Conocephalus
subulatus, Thunberg, Mem. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Petersburg 5:
271.Syntype, Type locality: Oriental region, (BMNH) London.
1874. Pyrgocorypha
subulata, Stal, Recencio orthopterum. Revue Critique des orthopteres
decrits par Linne, De Geer et. Thunberg, 2Locustina: 107.
1891. Pyrgocorypha
subulata, Redtenbacher, Verh.der Zoologisch–Botanischen Gesellsch.Wien 41: 372, 374.
1893. Pyrgocorypha
subulata, Brunner Von Wattenwyl, Ann. Mus.Civ.Stor. Nat. Genova.
213: (33) 179.
1906. Pyrgocorypha
subulata, Kirby, A synonymic catalogue of orthoptera (Orthoptera,
saltatoria, Locustidae Vel Acrididae) 2: 239.
1912. Pyrgocorypha
subulata, Karny, Genera Insectorum. 139: 26.
1926. Pyrgocorypha
subulata, Karny, Treubia 9(1–3): 240.
1955. Pyrgocorypha
subulata, Bei–Bienko, Zoologischeskii. Zhurnal 34: 1263.
1957. Pyrgocorypha subulata,Bei–Bienko, Entomologicsheskoe obozrenie 36: 413.
1990. Pyrgocorypha
subulata, Ingrisch, Senckenbergiana Biologica 70(1–3): 116.
1994. Pyrgocorypha
subulata, Jin, Xingbao & Hsia, Jour. Orth. Res. 3: 15–41.
2002. Pyrgocorypha
subulata, Ingrisch, Entomological Basiliensia 24: 113.
2008. Pyrgocorypha
subulata, Buzzetti & Devriese, Bull.Mus. Civ. St. nat. Verona. 32: 162.
Material examined: One
female, 15.vi.2005, Papumpare District, Arunachal Pradesh, India; ItanagarZoological Park, 26030’N–29030’N & 91030’E–97030’E,
coll. G. Srinivasan, Reg.No. IV/2309/APRC/ZSI.
Diagnosis: Fastigium
long and conical, narrowing towards the tip; apex of the fastigial vertex
acute, with the ventral notch clearly open, ventral tubercle small. Pronotum diverging towards the posterior
margin from the dorsal aspect, lateral keels shallow and not markedly
elongate. Prosternum armed with a
pair of spines. Forewings long with
the tip rounded. Cubito-anal area of forewing not distinctly broadened or
rounded. The pro femur has a single
spine on its external margin and three spines on the internal margin on the
ventral side. Hind femora armed
both internally and externally on the ventral side. There are 13 spines on the external
margin whereas seven spines on the internal margin. The distance between the spines on the
external margin is lesser than the internal margin. There are seven spines on the internal
margin of the pro tibia on the ventral aspect; the distance between the first
four and the last two are somewhat lesser than the distance between the 5thand 6th. The protibia
has five spines on the internal margin and four spines on the external margin
on the ventral side. The profemur
and the protibia are smooth on the dorsal side. The tibial tympana closed on both the
sides.
Colouration: Body green. A prominent white coloured band bordered with many
black dots runs along the lower margin of the cubito–anal area of the
tegmina. The fore legs are yellow.
Measurements (in mm): Total Length 71; Body 35; Fastigium 5.5; Pronotum 10; Tegmen 53;
Profemur 9; Mesofemur 11; Postfemur 23; Protibia 7; Mesotibia 9; Posttibia 21;
Ovipositor 28.
Distribution: India:
Arunachal Pradesh; Bhutan: Bhamo; China; Malaysia; Myanmar; Indonesia: Java.
Remarks: New record for India.
Subfamily: Mecopodinae
Genus Mecopoda Serville, 1831
9. Mecopoda elongata elongata(Linnaeus, 1758)
(Image 9)
1758. Gryllus (Tettigonia)elongatus, Linnaeus, Systema Naturae per Regna tria naturae(10th ed.) 1: 429. Syntype, Female, Type locality: Asia-Tropical, Indian
subcontinent, India, (LSUK) London Linnean Society.
1763. Gryllus javanus,Johannson, In Linnaeus, Amoenitates Academicae seu dissertations variae
Physicae Medicae, Botanicae anthehac seorsum editae (2nd ed.) 6:
398.
1767. Gryllus(Tettigonia) elongatus, Linnaeus, Systema Naturae per Regna
tria naturae (12th ed.) 1, pt. 2: 696.
1813. Gryllus (Tettigonia)
ferruginea, Stoll, Spectres on Phasues des Mantes, des Sauterelles,
2: 9.
1813. Gryllus (Tettigonia)
rufa, Stoll, Spectres on Phasues des Mantes, des Sauterelles, 2: 13.
1815. Locusta scalaris,Thunberg, Mem. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb., 5: 282.
1831. Mecopoda maculata,Serville, Ann. Sci. nat. (Zool.), Paris, 22: 155.
1835. Mecopoda virens, Brulle,In Audauin & Brulle, Histoire naturelle des Insects, 9(1) (5): 140.
1835. Mecopoda virens,Brulle, Histoire naturelle des Insects, Paris, 9: 140.
1842. Locusta (Mecopoda)
javana, Haan, Gesch. Ned. Overszee. Bezitt, 2: 187.
1869. Decticus tenebrosus,Walker, Cat. Derm. Salt. Brit. Mus.,: 262.
1869. Lucera bicoloripes,Walker, Cat. Derm. Salt. Brit. Mus.,: 265.
1906. Mecopoda elongata,
Kirby, Syn. Cat. Orthopt., 2:364
1922. Mecopoda elongata,
Hebard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 74: 182.
1924. Mecopoda elongata
servillei, Karny, Meconeminen Ttreubia, 5: 159.
1976. Mecopoda elongata, Barman
& Srivastava, Newsl. Zool. Surv. India, 2(3): 93.
1993. Mecopoda elongata,
Barman, Zool. Surv. India, State Fauna series, Fauna of
West Bengal, 3 (4): 363.
1995. Mecopoda elongata,
Barman, Zool. Surv. India, State Fauna series, Fauna of
Meghalaya 4(3): 288.
2000. Mecopoda elongata, Ingrisch
& Shishodia, Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges., 90:
21.
2000. Mecopoda elongata,
Shishodia, Rec. Zool. Surv. India, 98(3): 14.
2000. Mecopoda elongata,Barman, Zool. Surv. India, State Fauna series, Fauna of
Tripura, 7(2): 265.
2001. Mecopoda elongata,Shishodia & Kulkarni, Zool. Surv. India, Fauna of Conservation
Area Series, Fauna of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, 11: 62.
2002. Mecopoda elongata,
Ingrisch, Entomologica Basiliensia, 24: 128.
2003. Mecopoda elongata,Barman, Zool. Surv. India, State Fauna series, Fauna of
Sikkim, 9(2): 195.
2004. Mecopoda elongata,
Shishodia & Barman, Zool. Surv. India, Fauna of Manipur, State Fauna
series, 10(2): 142.
2005. Mecopoda elongata,
Kulkarni & Shishodia, Zool. Surv. India, Conservation Area Series, Fauna
of Melghat Tiger Reserve, 24: 325.
2006. Mecopoda elongata,
Shishodia, Zool. Surv. India, State Fauna series, Fauna of
Nagaland, 12: 90.
2007. Mecopoda elongata, Chandra
et al., Zoos’ Print Journal, 22(5): 2684.
2009. Mecopoda elongata,Gupta & Shishodia, Zool. Surv. India, Conservation Area Series: Fauna
of Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve, 39: 62.
Material examined: One
female, 03.x.2004, Papumpare District, Arunachal Pradesh, India; ZSI Quarters
main gate, Itanagar, 2705’–35072’N & 93037’–30072’E,
coll. G. Srinivasan, Reg.No. IV/2310/APRC/ZSI. One female, 05.x.2004, Papumpare
District, Arunachal Pradesh, India; ZSI Quarters main gate, Itanagar, coll. G.
Srinivasan, Reg.No. IV/2311/APRC/ZSI. One female, 10.x.2005, Papumpare District, Arunachal Pradesh, India;
Itanagar Zoological Park, Itanagar, 26030’ –29030’N
& 91030’–97030’E, coll. G. Srinivasan, Reg.No.
IV/2312/APRC/ZSI. One female,
09.xi.2005, East Kameng District, Arunachal Pradesh, India; Khari I.B, Seijosa,
Pakke Tiger Reserve 92035’–93010’N & 26055’–27015’E,
coll. G. Srinivasan, Reg.No. IV/2313/APRC/ZSI. One female, 12.xi.2005, East Kameng
District, Arunachal Pradesh, India; Khari I.B, Seijosa, Pakke Tiger Reserve,
Coll. G. Srinivasan, Reg. No. IV/2314/APRC/ZSI. One female, 12.xi.2005, East Kameng
District, Arunachal Pradesh, India; Khari I.B, Seijosa, Pakke Tiger Reserve,
coll. G. Srinivasan, Reg. No. IV/2315/APRC/ZSI. One female, 21.x.2007, Papumpare
District, Arunachal Pradesh, India; ZSI Quarters main gate, Itanagar, coll. G.
Srinivasan, Reg.No. IV/2316/APRC/ZSI.
Diagnosis: Body very large; fastigium wide, not surpassing the antennal
sockets; vertex blunt; head more or less rounded; antennae strongly margined;
Pronotum divided into three parts by two transverse sulci, narrowed anteriorly,
granulated; anterior margin concave; posterior margin convex; posterior end of
pronotum almost double the width than the anterior region. Prosternum with a pair
of long spines. The lateral
lobes of meso and meta sternum rounded anteriorly and
bifurcated posteriorly in the middle. Wings fully developed; Tegmen surpassing hind knees; subcosta sharply
sinuate just beyond the middle; Hind wings caudate. Post femora and tibiae very
long and large; All other legs are long and slender. Post femora armed both
externally and internally on the ventral side. Legs with the following number
of spines on ventral margins: profemur and mesofemur smooth, postfemur with six
large external and eight large internal, protibia with 10 small external and 11
small internal, mesotibia with 10 small external and 10 small internal,
posttibia with 15 minute external and 15 minute internal. All tibiae with
ventro-apical spurs and dorso–apical spurs on their margins. Femur of all the legs smooth on their dorsal side. Femora of all the legs
smooth and indentate. Tibiae
of all Legs with the following number of spines on dorsal margins: Protibia
with eight minute external and five minute internal, mesotibia with 11 small
external and nine small internal, posttibia with 23 small external and 23 small
internal spines. Ovipositor
long and straight. Male
subgenital plate developed conically from region of bifurcation; ovipositor
straight being slightly narrowed at apex. Tibial tympana opened on both the
sides.
Colouration: Female: Brown to dry leave colour. Tegmina with
4–6 black and white spots in the middle. Lateral lobes of pronotum dark-brown at
least on upper margin. Male: Green
in colour. Tegmina with 4–6
white spots in the middle. Tip of
spines on the legs are dark brown to black in both the sexes.
Measurements (in mm): Total Length 75–83; Body 26–31; Fastigium
3–3.5; Pronotum7–10; Tegmen 66–75; Profemur 11–18;
Mesofemur 15–19; Postfemur 53–56; Protibia 11–18; Mesotibia
15–20; Posttibia 54–56; Ovipositor 26–35.
Distribution: India: Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal
Pradesh, Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra,
Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Odisha, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar
Pradesh and West Bengal; Aru Islands; Australia; Celebes; China; Indonesia:
Borneo, Sunda Islands; Japan, Malaca; Malaysia; Moluccas; New Guinea;
Philippines; SIngapore; Taiwan; Thailand; Tonkin.
Remarks: Barman & Srivastava (1976) reported this species from Kameng
and Siang districts of Arunachal Pradesh.
Subfamily: Listroscelidinae
Genus Hexacentrus Serville, 1831
10. Hexacentrus unicolor Serville, 1831 (Image
10)
1831. Hexacentrus
unicolor, Serville, Ann. Sci. nat. 22(86): 146. Syntype, Type locality:
Asia–Tropical, Malaysia, Jawa; BMNH, London.
1838. Locusta unicolor,Serville, Histoire naturelle des insects. Orthopteres 531.
1891. Hexacentrus
unicolor, Redtenbacher, Verh. Der
Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellsch. Wien 41:548, 552.
1893. Hexacentrus
unicolor, Brunner Von Wattenwyl, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova213(33): 181.
1897. Hexacentrus
unicolor, Griffini, Misc. Entom. 5911–120: 140.
1906. Hexacentrus
unicolor, Kirby, A Synonymic Catalogue of Orthoptera (Orthoptera,
Saltatoria, Locustidae Vel Acrididae) 2: 287.
1912. Hexacentrus
unicolor, Karny, Genera Insectorum 131: 16.
1915. Hexacentrus
unicolor, Karny, Supplementa Entomologica 4: 74.
1922. Hexacentrus
unicolor, Hebard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 74:
269.
1923. Hexacentrus
unicolor, Karny, Jour. Roy. Asiat. Soc. Malay. Branch 1: 182.
1926. Hexacentrus
unicolor, Karny, Jour. Fed. Malay. States mus. 13(2–3): 144.
1927. Hexacentrus
unicolor, Caudell, Proc. U.S. Nation. Mus. 71(3): 1–42.
1929. Hexacentrus
unicolor, Bei–Bienko, Ann. Mag.nat. Hist. 104: 543.
1931. Hexacentrus
unicolor, Karny, Treubia 12 (Suppl.): 95.
1933. Hexacentrus
unicolor, Willemse, C, mem. Mus. r. hist.nat.Belgique 4(8): 17.
1935. Hexacentrus
unicolor, Wu, Catalogus Insectorum Sinensium (Catalogue of Chinese
insects) 103.
1936. Hexacentrus
unicolor, Tinkham, Lingnan Sci. J. 15 (2): 213.
1939. Hexacentrus
unicolor, Ebner, Lingnan Sci. J. 18: 297.
1941. Hexacentrus
unicolour, Furukawa, Zool. Mag. 53(7): 368.
1943. Hexacentrus
unicolor, Tinkham, notes Ent. Chinoise 10(2): 51.
1986. Hexacentrus
unicolor, Heller, J. Exp. Biol. 126: 97–109.
1986. Hexacentrus
unicolor, Inagaki, Matsuura & T. Sugimoto, Comptes rendus des
séances de la societe de biologie et de ses filiales 180(5):
589–592.
1990. Hexacentrus
unicolor, Ingrisch, Senckenbergiana Biologica 70(1–3): 128.
1990. Hexacentrus
unicolor, Lee, Insecta Koreana 7: 108.
1998. Hexacentrus unicolor,
Ingrisch & Shishodia, Mitt. Schweiz. Ent. Gesellsch. 71(3–4):
370.
1998. Hexacentrus
unicolor, Warchalowska: Siwa, Folia biologica (Krakow) 46: 161.
2000. Hexacentrus
unicolor, Ingrisch & Shishodia, Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 90: 35.
2001. Hexacentrus unicolor,
Ingrisch & Garai, Esperiana 8: 756.
2001. Hexacentrus
unicolor, Kim & Kim, Korean J. Entomol. 31(3): 162.
2004. Hexacentrus unicolor,
Shishodia & Barman, Zool. Surv. India, State Fauna Series, Fauna
of Manipur, 10 (2): 142.
2005. Hexacentrus
unicolor, Wang, Jianfeng & Shi, Acta Entomol. Sin. 48(2): 243.
2006. Hexacentrus
unicolor, Shishodia, Zool. Surv. India , State
Fauna Series, Fauna of Nagaland, 12: 92.
2007. Hexacentrus
unicolor, Storozhenk & Paik, Orthoptera of Korea, 60.
2010. Hexacentrus
unicolor, Tan, Nature in Singapore, 3: 73, 79 (photos).
2010. Hexacentrus
unicolor, Tan, Nature in Singapore, 3: 246, 262. (photos).
Material examined: One
female, 20.x.2004, Papumpare District, Arunachal Pradesh, India; ZSI Quarters
main gate, Itanagar, 2705’–35072’N & 93037’–30072’E,
coll. G. Srinivasan, Reg No. IV/2317/APRC/ZSI. One fmale, 10.x.2005, Papumpare District,
Arunachal Pradesh, India; Itanagar Zoological Park, Itanagar, 26030’N–29030’N
& 91030’E–97030’E, coll. G. Srinivasan, Reg.
No. IV/2318/APRC/ZSI.
Diagnosis: Fastigium
verticis narrow, conical, apex acute. Pronotum longer than broad, disc concave
in anterior and posterior area, anterior margin of paranota rounded and the
posterior margin angulated; there are three sulci found on the disc; the upper
one is ‘U’ shaped, the middle one is transverse, straight and the lower one is
in an inverted ‘U’ shaped. Pro,
meso and meta sternum are each provided with a pair of
spike-like processes. Tegmen surpassing hind knees; radius sector branching at the hind
portion of the tegmen, forked, stem of radius with three more branches. Hind wing caudate. Anterior coxa without
spine. Anterior femur slightly compressed. Knee lobes of pro and meso femur are
smooth. Legs with the following
number of opposing spines on ventral margins: pro and meso femur smooth. Left Protibia with six long, external
and five long, internal and right protibia with five long, external and six
long, internal spines on each margin; mesotibia with six long, external and
five long, internal spines; hind knee lobes with a spine on each side; hind
femora with widely spaced big spines and between them lie small spines; hind
tibiae with small spines on dorsal and ventral face externally and
internally. Epiproct
triangular, apex obtuse. Cerci conical, apex pointing. Subgenital plate
triangular, with a slight medial furrow apex obtuse. Ovipositor falcate,
broad at base and pointed at apex, margins smooth. Tibial tympana closed on both the sides.
Colouration: General colour green. A special dark brown coloured band covers
the pro, meso and metanotum.
Measurements (in mm): Total Length 48; Body 20; Fastigium 2.5; Pronotum 6.5; Tegmen 40;
Profemur 8.5; Mesofemur 9.5; Postfemur 22; Protibia 8.5; Mesotibia 10;
Posttibia 21; Ovipositor 10.2.
Distribution: India: Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Arunachal Pradesh, Himachal
Pradesh, Manipur, Mizoram, Nagaland and Sikkim; Celebes; China; Indonesia:
Borneo and Sumatra; Japan; Malaysia; Moluccas; Myanmar; Philippines; Singapore;
Taiwan; Thailand.
Remarks: New record for Arunachal Pradesh.
Summary
Totally 10 species of
tettigoniids are discussed in this paper. Among them nine species are new records to the state of Arunachal
Pradesh and five species are reported for the first time from India.
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