Estimating the completeness of orchid checklists and atlases: a case study from southern Italy
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Checklists and atlases are important tools for knowledge of the biodiversity of a geographic unit. Nevertheless, they often suffer from bias due to preferential sampling. It is important to assess the level of completeness of the data collected during such research to allow comparison of the biodiversity of different areas, or to use them for macroecology, biogeography or conservation purposes. This assessment is not trivial, especially when information from heterogeneous sources is used (e.g., herbaria specimens, field observations, literature data). The author suggests some simple methods to assess the completeness of floristic database and to represent the distribution of the completeness at a scale level appropriate to the size of the studied area or, on another hand, to the precision level of the available data. Such information is useful to direct the surveys identifying less explored areas or habitats and thereby correcting the sampling biases. Adding information about sampling effort or completeness could be very useful to make floristic research more objective.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors own the copyright to the articles published in JoTT. This is indicated explicitly in each publication. The authors grant permission to the publisher Wildlife Information Liaison Development (WILD) Society to publish the article in the Journal of Threatened Taxa. The authors recognize WILD as the original publisher, and to sell hard copies of the Journal and article to any buyer. JoTT is registered under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY), which allows authors to retain copyright ownership. Under this license the authors allow anyone to download, cite, use the data, modify, reprint, copy and distribute provided the authors and source of publication are credited through appropriate citations (e.g., Son et al. (2016). Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) of the southeastern Truong Son Mountains, Quang Ngai Province, Vietnam. Journal of Threatened Taxa 8(7): 8953–8969. https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.2785.8.7.8953-8969). Users of the data do not require specific permission from the authors or the publisher.
References
Adamowski, W. (2006). Expansion of native orchids in anthropogenous habitats. Polish Botanical Studies 22: 35–44.
Archer, M.E. (2019). Using non-parametric statistical analysis to estimate the numbers of solitary wasp and bee species (Hymenoptera: Aculeata) at study sites. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 155(4): 263–270. https://doi.org/10.31184/M00138908.1554.3953 DOI: https://doi.org/10.31184/M00138908.1554.3953
Asase, A. & A.T. Peterson (2016). Completeness of digital accessible knowledge of the plants of Ghana. Biodiversity Informatics 11: 1–11. https://doi.org/10.17161/bi.v11i1.5860 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17161/bi.v11i0.5860
Auestad, I., K. Rydgren & I. Austad (2011). Road verges: potential refuges for declining grassland species despite remnant vegetation dynamics. Annales Botanici Fennici 48: 289–303. https://doi.org/10.5735/085.048.0401 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5735/085.048.0401
Aung, Y.L., A.T. Mu, M.H. Aung, Q. Liu & X. Jin (2020). An annotated checklist of Myanmar orchid flora. PhytoKeys 138: 49–112. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.138.36144 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.138.36144
Brose, U., N.D. Martinez & R.J. Williams (2003). Estimating species richness: sensitivity to sample coverage and insensitivity to spatial patterns. Ecology 84(9): 2364–2377. https://doi.org/10.1890/02-0558 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1890/02-0558
Bruno, D., D. Sánchez-Fernández, A. Millán, R.M. Ros, P. Sánchez-Gómez & J. Velasco (2012). Assessing the quality and usefulness of different taxonomic groups inventories in a semiarid Mediterranean region. Biodiversity and Conservation 21(6): 1561–1575. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-012-0263-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-012-0263-9
Chao, A. & C.H. Chiu (2016). Species richness: estimation and comparison, pp 1–26. In: Balakrishnan, N., T. Colton, B. Everitt, W. Piegorsch, F. Ruggeri & J. Teugels (eds). Wiley StatsRef: statistics reference on-line. John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, New Jersey. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118445112.stat03432.pub2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118445112.stat03432.pub2
Colwell, R.K. (2013). EstimateS: Statistical estimation of species richness and shared species from samples. Version 9 and earlier. User’s Guide and application. http://purl.oclc.org/estimates/ Accessed on 1 March 2020.
Crain, B.J. & M. Fernández (2020). Biogeographical analyses to facilitate targeted conservation of orchid diversity hotspots in Costa Rica. Diversity and Distributions 26: 856–866. https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.13062 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.13062
Cribb, P.J., S.P. Kell, K.W. Dixon & R.L. Barrett (2003). Orchid Conservation: A global perspective, pp 1–25. In: Dixon, K.W., S.P. Kell, R.L. Barrett & P.J. Cribb (eds). Orchid Conservation. Natural History Publicatons, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah.
Croce, A. (2012). Le Orchidaceae dei monti S. Angelo, Caievola, S. Nicola (Vairano Patenora e Pietravairano, Caserta). Giros Notizie 49: 60–67.
Croce, A. & R. Nazzaro (2012). The orchid Flora of Roccamonfina-foce Garigliano Regional Park. Journal Europäischer Orchideen 44(3): 509–583.
Croce, A. & R. Nazzaro (2017). An atlas of orchids distribution in the Campania region (Italy), a citizen science project for the most charming plant family. Italian Botanist 4: 15–32. https://doi.org/10.3897/italianbotanist.4.14916 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/italianbotanist.4.14916
Djordjević, V. & S. Tsiftsis (2020). The role of ecological factors in distribution and abundance of terrestrial orchids, pp 1–71. In: Merillon, J.& H. Kodja (eds.). Orchids Phytochemistry, Biology and Horticulture. Reference Series in Phytochemistry, Springer International Publishing: Basel, Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11257-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11257-8_4-1
Dressler, R.L. (1981). The orchids: natural history and classification. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, 332pp. https://doi.org/10.2307/1219717 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1219717
Efimov, P.G. (2020). Orchids of Russia: annotated checklist and geographic distribution. Nature Conservation Research 5(Suppl. 1): 1–18. https://doi.org/10.24189/ncr.2020.018 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24189/ncr.2020.018
Frangini, G., R. Romolini, F. Sodi, M. Bisti, L. Forbicioni, M.A. Rusci & G. Cortesi (2019). Orchidee dell’isola di Gorgona (Arcipelago Toscano). Giros Orchidee Spontanee d’Europa 62(1): 17–31.
Galesi, R. & R. Lorenz (2010). Le Orchidaceae della Riserva Naturale Orientata “Oasi faunistica di Vendicari (Sicilia sud-orientale). Journal Europäischer Orchideen 42(1): 149–166.
García Márquez, J.R., C.F. Dormann, J.H. Sommer, M. Schmidt, A. Thiombiano, S.S. Da, C. Chatelain, S. Dressler & W. Barthlott (2012). A methodological framework to quantify the spatial quality of biological databases. Biodiversity & Ecology 4: 25–39. https://doi.org/10.7809/B-E.00057 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7809/b-e.00057
Gotelli, N.J. & R.K. Colwell (2001). Quantifying biodiversity: procedures and pitfalls in the measurement and comparison of species richness. Ecological Letters 4: 379–391. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1461-0248.2001.00230.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1461-0248.2001.00230.x
Gotelli, N.J. & R.K. Colwell (2011). Estimating species richness, pp. 39–54. In: Magurran, A.E. & B.J. McGill (eds.). Biological Diversity: Frontiers in Measurement and Assessment. Oxford University Press, Oxford, United Kingdom, 345 pp.
Hammer, Ø., D.A. Harper & P.D. Ryan (2001). PAST: paleontological statistics software package for education and data analysis. Palaeontologia electronica 4(1): 9. https://palaeo-electronica.org/2001_1/past/issue1_01.htm Accessed on 01 March 2020.
Hortal, J., P.A.V. Borges & C. Gaspar (2006). Evaluating the performance of species richness estimators: sensitivity to sample grain size. Journal of Animal Ecology 75: 274–287. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2006.01048.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2006.01048.x
Hrivnák, M., M. Slezák, D. Galvánek, J. Vlčko, E. Belanová, V. Rízová, D. Senko & R. Hrivnák (2020). Species Richness, Ecology, and Prediction of Orchids in Central Europe: Local-Scale Study. Diversity 12(4): 154. https://doi.org/10.3390/d12040154 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/d12040154
Idohou, R., A. Arino, A. Assogbadjo, R.G. Kakai & B. Sinsin (2015). Diversity of wild palms (Arecaceae) in the Republic of Benin: Finding the gaps in the national inventory combining field and digital accessible knowledge. Biodiversity Informatics 10: 45–55. https://doi.org/10.17161/bi.v10i2.4914 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17161/bi.v10i2.4914
Katopodi, E. & S. Tsiftsis (2019). Contribution to the knowledge of the orchid flora of Lefkas island (Ionian Islands, Greece). Botanika Chronika 22: 127–143.
Marrero, Á., M. Claessens, D. González, C. Santiago, & J. Claessens (2019). Chorological additions and distribution of the native orchids of Gran Canaria. Botánica Macaronésica 30: 65–88.
Martínez-Sanz, C., F. García-Criado, C.F. Alaez & M.F. Alaez (2010). Assessment of richness estimation methods on macroinvertebrate communities of mountain ponds in Castilla y León (Spain). Annales de limnologie - International Journal of Limnology 46 (2): 101–110. https://doi.org/10.1051/limn/2010008 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/limn/2010008
Mathew, J., & K.V. George (2015). Checklist of Orchids of Kottavasal Hills in Achancoil Forests, southern Western Ghats, (Kollam, Kerala), India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 7(10): 7691–7696. https://doi.org/10.11609/JoTT.o3859.7691-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.11609/JoTT.o3859.7691-6
Palmer, M.W. (1990). The estimation of species richness by extrapolation. Ecology 71(3): 1195–1198. https://doi.org/10.2307/1937387 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1937387
Popovich, A. V., E.A. Averyanova & L.M. Shagarov (2020). Orchids of the Black Sea coast of Krasnodarsky Krai (Russia): current state, new records, conservation. Nature Conservation Research 5(Suppl 1): 46–68. https://doi.org/ 10.24189/ncr.2020.047 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24189/ncr.2020.047
Preston, F.W. (1962). The canonical distribution of commonness and rarity: Part I. Ecology 43(2): 185–215. https://doi.org/10.2307/1931976 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1931976
QGIS Development Team (2019). QGIS Geographic Information System. Open Source Geospatial Foundation Project. http://qgis.osgeo.org/. Downloaded on 01 march 2020
Rocchini, D., J. Hortal, S. Lengyel, J.M. Lobo, A. Jimenez-Valverde , C. Ricotta, G. Bacaro & A. Chiarucci (2011). Accounting for uncertainty when mapping species distributions: the need for maps of ignorance. Progress in Physical Geography 35(2): 211–226. https://doi.org/10.1177/0309133311399491 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0309133311399491
Soberón, J.M., J.B. Llorente & L. Oñate (2000). The use of specimen-label databases for conservation purposes: an example using Mexican Papilionid and Pierid butterflies. Biodiversity and Conservation 9(10): 1441–1466. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008987010383 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008987010383
Soberón, J.M., R. Jiménez, J. Golubov & P. Koleff (2007). Assessing completeness of biodiversity databases at different spatial scales. Ecography 30(1): 152–160. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0906-7590.2007.04627.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0906-7590.2007.04627.x
Ugland, K.I., J.S. Gray & K.E. Ellingsen (2003). The species-accumulation curve and estimation of species richness. The Journal of Animal Ecology 72(5): 888–897. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2656.2003.00748.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2656.2003.00748.x
Vallet, J., M. Rambaud, L. Coquel, L. Poncet & F. Hendoux (2012). Effort d’échantillonnage et atlas floristiques-exhaustivité des mailles et caractérisation des lacunes dans la connaissance. Comptes Rendus Biologies 335(12): 753–763. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crvi.2012.11.005 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crvi.2012.11.005
WCSP (2019). World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. http://wcsp.science.kew.org/home.do Downloaded on 20 November 2020.
Weigelt, P., C. König & H. Kreft (2020). GIFT–A global inventory of floras and traits for macroecology and biogeography. Journal of Biogeography 47(1): 16–43. https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.13623 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.13623