Breaking barriers: Iberian Lynx Lynx pardinus Temminck, 1827 (Mammalia: Carnivora: Felidae) colonizing Olive groves
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
In recent years, the Andújar-Cardeña Iberian Lynx Lynx pardinus population has grown both in number and in occupied surface area. This feline has spread into areas surrounding existing population nuclei and occupied new habitats including human-dominated areas and tree crops. Here we describe this colonization process and the evolution of the Iberian Lynx populations in the Olive Olea europaea groves that surround typical Lynx scrub habitats in Andújar-Cardeña. Our findings were obtained through radio-tracking, camera trapping and European Rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus monitoring. Two colonized areas—Zocueca and Marmolejo-Montoro—were identified in which Olive cultivation is predominant. Since 2011, a total of 45 and 50 different individuals have been detected in Zocueca and Marmolejo-Montoro, respectively. At present, 19 individuals are known to live in Zocueca and 29 in Marmolejo-Montoro. The main cause of mortality is road-kills. Our results suggest that the Iberian Lynx is capable of colonizing human-modified areas such as agricultural land provided that they can support high-density Rabbit populations and the causes of non-natural mortality are minimized.
Article Details
Authors own the copyright to the articles published in JoTT. This is indicated explicitly in each publication. The authors grant permission to the publisher Wildlife Information Liaison Development (WILD) Society to publish the article in the Journal of Threatened Taxa. The authors recognize WILD as the original publisher, and to sell hard copies of the Journal and article to any buyer. JoTT is registered under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY), which allows authors to retain copyright ownership. Under this license the authors allow anyone to download, cite, use the data, modify, reprint, copy and distribute provided the authors and source of publication are credited through appropriate citations (e.g., Son et al. (2016). Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) of the southeastern Truong Son Mountains, Quang Ngai Province, Vietnam. Journal of Threatened Taxa 8(7): 8953–8969. https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.2785.8.7.8953-8969). Users of the data do not require specific permission from the authors or the publisher.
References
Beltrán, J.F. (1991). Temporal abundance pattern of the wild Rabbit in Doñana, SW Spain. Mammalia 55(4): 591–599. https://doi.org/10.1515/mamm.1991.55.4.591 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/mamm.1991.55.4.591
Calvete, C., R. Estrada, E. Angulo & S. Cabezas-Ruiz (2004). Habitat factors related to wild Rabbit conservation in an agricultural landscape. Landscape Ecology 19(5): 533–544. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:LAND.0000036139.04466.06 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/B:LAND.0000036139.04466.06
Carter, S. & F.C.W. Rosas (1997). Biology and conservation of the Giant Otter, Pteronura brasiliensis. Mammal Review 27(1): 1–26.
Cat Specialist Group (2002). Lynx pardinus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2002: e.T12520A3352152. Downloaded on 8 October 2019.
Chapron, G., P. Kaczensky, J.D.C. Linnell, M. von Arx, D. Huber, H. Andrén, J.V. López-Bao, M. Adamec, F. Ãlvares, O. Anders & L. BalÄiauskas (2014). Recovery of large carnivores in Europe’s modern human-dominated landscapes. Science 346(6216): 1517–1519. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1257553 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1257553
Corsi, F., E. Dupre & L. Boitani (1999). A large-scale model of Wolf distribution in Italy for conservation planning. Conservation Biology 13(1): 150–159. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.1999.97269.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.1999.97269.x
Delibes-Mateos, M., C. Ferreira, F. Carro, M.A. Escudero & C. Gortazar (2014). Ecosystem effects of variant Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus, Iberian Peninsula. Emerging Infectious Diseases 20(12): 2166–2168. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2012.140517 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2012.140517
Dellinger, J.A., C. Proctor, T.D. Steury, M.J. Kelly & M.R. Vaughan (2013). Habitat selection of a large carnivore, the Red Wolf, in a human-altered landscape. Biological Conservation 157: 324–330. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2012.09.004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2012.09.004
Fahrig, L., J. Baudry, L. Brotons, F.G. Burel, T.O. Crist, R.J. Fuller, C. Sirami, G.M. Siriwardena & J.L. Martin (2011). Functional landscape heterogeneity and animal biodiversity in agricultural landscapes. Ecology Letters 14(2): 101–112. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2010.01559.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2010.01559.x
Fedriani, J., F. Palomares & M. Delibes (1999). Niche relations among three sympatric Mediterranean carnivores. Oecologia 121: 138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004420050915 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s004420050915
Fernández, N., M. Delibes & F. Palomares (2006). Landscape evaluation in conservation: molecular sampling and habitat modeling for the Iberian Lynx. Ecological Applications 16(3): 1037–1049. https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[1037:LEICMS]2.0.CO;2
Ferreras, P., P. Gaona, F. Palomares & M. Delibes (2001). Restore habitat or reduce mortality? Implications from a population viability analysis of the Iberian Lynx. Animal Conservation 4(3): 265–274. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1367943001001317 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1367943001001317
Garrote G., G. Lopez, J.F. Bueno, M. Ruiz, S. Lillo & M.A. Simon (2016). Iberian Lynx (Lynx pardinus) breeding in Olive tree plantations. Mammalia 81(4): 405–409. https://doi.org/10.1515/mammalia-2015-0124 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/mammalia-2015-0124
Garrote, G., G. López, J.M. Gil-Sánchez, E. Rojas, M. Ruiz, J.F. Bueno, S. de Lillo, J. Rodriguez-Siles, J.M. MartÃn, J. Pérez, M. GarcÃa-TardÃo, G. Valenzuela & M.A. Simón (2013). Human–felid conflict as a further handicap to the conservation of the critically endangered Iberian Lynx. European Journal of Wildlife Research 59(2): 287–290. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10344-013-0695-x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10344-013-0695-x
Garrote, G., J. Fernández–López, G. López, G. Ruiz & M.A. Simon (2018). Prediction of Iberian Lynx road–mortality in southern Spain: a new approach using the MaxEnt algorithm. Animal Biodiversity and Conservation 41(2): 217–225. https://doi.org/10.32800/abc.2018.41.0217 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32800/abc.2018.41.0217
Garrote, G., R. Perez de Ayala, P. Pereira, F. Robles, N. Guzman, J.F. GarcÃa, C. Iglesias, J. Hervás, I. Fajardo, M. Simón & J.L. Barroso (2011). Estimation of the Iberian Lynx (Lynx pardinus) population in the Donana area, SW Spain, using capturerecapture analysis of camera-trapping data. European Journal of Wildlife Research 57(2): 355–362. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10344-010-0440-7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10344-010-0440-7
Gastón, A., S. Blázquezâ€Cabrera, G. Garrote, M.C. Mateoâ€Sánchez, P. Beier, M.A. Simón & S. Saura (2016). Response to agriculture by a woodland species depends on cover type and behavioural state: insights from resident and dispersing Iberian Lynx. Journal of Applied Ecology 53(3): 814–824. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12629 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12629
Gaynor K.M., C.E. Hojmowski, N.H. Carter & J.S. Brashares (2018). The influence of human disturbance on wildlife nocturnality. Science 360(6394): 1232–1235. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aar7121 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aar7121
Gil-Sánchez, J.M. & E.B. McCain (2011). Former range and decline of the Iberian Lynx (Lynx pardinus) reconstructed using verified records. Journal of Mammalogy 92(5): 1081–1090. https://doi.org/10.1644/10-MAMM-A-381.1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1644/10-MAMM-A-381.1
Gil-Sánchez, J.M., E. Ballesteros-Duperón & J.F. Bueno-Segura (2006). Feeding ecology of the Iberian Lynx Lynx pardinus in eastern Sierra Morena (Southern Spain). Acta Theriologica 51: 85–90. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03192659 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03192659
Gil-Sánchez, J.M., M. Moral, J. Bueno, J. RodrÃguez-Siles, S. Lillo, J. Pérez, J.M. Martin, G. Valenzuela, G. Garrote, B. Torralba & M.A. Simon (2011). The use of camera trapping for estimating Iberian Lynx (Lynx pardinus) home ranges. European Journal of Wildlife Research 57(6): 1203–1211. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10344-011-0533-y DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10344-011-0533-y
Groenendijk, J., N. Duplaix, M. Marmontel, P. Van Damme & C. Schenck (2015). Pteronura brasiliensis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2015: e.T18711A21938411. Downloaded on 02 February 2019. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T18711A21938411.en DOI: https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T18711A21938411.en
Guzmán J.N., F.J. GarcÃa, G. Garrote, R. Perez & C. Iglesias (2004). El Lince Ibérico (Lynx pardinus) en España y Portugal. Censo – diagnóstico de sus poblaciones. Dirección General para la Biodiversidad, Madrid, 174pp.
Karanth, K.U., R.S. Chundawat, J.D. Nichols & N. Kumar (2004). Estimation of Tiger densities in the tropical dry forests of Panna, Central India, using photographic capture–recapture sampling. Animal Conservation 7(3): 285–290. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1367943004001477 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1367943004001477
Le Pendu, J., J. Abrantes, S. Bertagnoli, J. Guitton, G. Le Gall-Reculé, A. Lopes, S. Marchandeau, F. Alda, T. Almeida, A. Célio, J. Bárcena, G. Burmakina, E. Blanco, C. Calvete, P. Cavadini, B. Cooke, K. Dalton, M. Delibes Mateos, W. Deptula, J. Eden, F. Wang, C. Ferreira, P. Ferreira, P. Foronda, D. Gonçalves, D. Gavier-Widén, R. Hall, B. Hukowska-Szematowicz, P. Kerr, J. Kovaliski, A. Lavazza, J. Mahar, A. Malogolovkin, R. Marques, S. Marques, A. Martin-Alonso, P. Monterroso, S. Moreno, G. Mutze, A. Neimanis, P. Niedzwiedzka-Rystwej, D. Peacock, F. Parra, M. Rocchi, C. Rouco, N. Ruvoën-Clouet, E. Silva, D. Silvério, T. Strive, G. Thompson, B. Tokarz-Deptula & P. Esteves (2017). Proposal for a unified classification system and nomenclature of lagoviruses. Journal of General Virology 98(7): 1658–1666. https://doi.org/10.1099/jgv.0.000840 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1099/jgv.0.000840
Lodé, T., J.P. Cormier & D.L. Jacques (2001). Decline in endangered species as an indication of anthropic pressures: the case of European Mink Mustela lutreola Western population. Environmental Management 28(6): 727–735. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002670010257 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s002670010257
López-Parra, M., L. Fernández, G. Ruiz, J.M. Gil-Sánchez, M.A. Simón, G. López & P. Sarmento (2012). Change in demographic patterns of the Donana Iberian Lynx Lynx pardinus: management implications and conservation perspectives. Oryx 46(3): 403–413. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0030605311000676 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0030605311000676
López, G., M. López-Parra, G. Garrote, L. Fernández, T. del Rey- Wamba, R. Arenas-Rojas, M. GarcÃa-TardÃo, G. Ruiz, I. Zorrilla, M. Moral & M.A. Simón (2014). Evaluating mortality rates and causalities in a critically endangered felid across its whole distribution range. European Journal of Wildlife Research 60(2): 359–366. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10344-013-0794-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10344-013-0794-8
Monterroso P, Germán Garrote, A. Serronha, E. Santos, M. Delibes-Mateos, J. Abrantes, R. Perez de Ayala, F. Silvestre, J. Carvalho, I. Vasco, A.M. Lopes, E. Maio, M.J. Magalhães, L.S. Mills, P. P.J. Esteves, M.A. Simón & P.C. Alves (2016). Disease-mediated bottom-up regulation: An emergent virus affects a keystone prey, and alters the dynamics of trophic webs. Scientific Reports 6: 36072. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep36072 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/srep36072
Palomares, F. (2001). Vegetation structure and prey abundance requirements of the Iberian Lynx: implications for the design of reserves and corridors. Journal of Applied Ecology 38(1): 9–18. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2664.2001.00565.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2664.2001.00565.x
Palomares, F., M. Delibes, P. Ferreras, J.M. Fedriani, J. Calzada & E. Revilla (2000). Iberian Lynx in a fragmented landscape: predispersal, dispersal, and postdispersal habitats. Conservation Biology 14(3): 809–818. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.2000.98539.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.2000.98539.x
QGIS Development Team (2014). QGIS Geographic Information System. Open Source Geospatial Foundation Project. https://www.qgis.org/en/site/. Accessed on 25 June 2017.
Recharte, M. & R. Bodmer (2010). Recovery of the endangered Giant Otter Pteronura brasiliensis on the Yavari-Mirin and Yavari Rivers: a success story for CITES. Oryx 44(1): 83–88. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0030605309990196 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0030605309990196
Ripple, W.J., J.A. Estes, R.L. Beschta, C.C. Wilmers, E.G. Ritchie, M. Hebblewhite, J. Berger, B. Elmhagen, M. Letnic, M.P. Nelson & O.J. Schmitz (2014). Status and ecological effects of the world’s largest carnivores. Science 343(6167): 1241484. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1241484 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1241484
RodrÃguez, A. & M. Delibes (2004). Patterns and causes of non-natural mortality in the Iberian Lynx during a 40-year period of range contraction. Biological Conservation 118(2): 151–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2003.07.018 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2003.07.018
RodrÃguez, A. & J. Calzada (2015). Lynx pardinus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2015: e.T12520A50655794. Downloaded in July 2015. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T12520A50655794.en DOI: https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T12520A50655794.en
Simón, M.A. (ed.) (2012). Ten years conserving the Iberian Lynx. ConsejerÃa de Medio Ambiente, Pesca y Medio Ambiente. Junta de AndalucÃa, Seville, 328pp.
Simón, M.A. (2018). Censo de las poblaciones Andaluzas de Lince Ibérico año 2017. Life+ Iberlince, Junta de AndalucÃa, Sevilla, 11pp.
Simón, M.A., J.M. Gil-Sánchez, G. Ruiz, G. Garrote, E. McCain, L. Fernández, M. López-Parra, E. Rojas, R. Arenas-Rojas, T. del Rey, M. GarcÃa-TardÃo & G. López (2012). Reverse of the decline of the endangered Iberian Lynx. Conservation Biology 26(4): 731–736. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2012.01871.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2012.01871.x
Virgós, E., S. Cabezas-DÃaz, J. Lozano, A. Malo & D. López-Huertas (2003). Factors shaping European Rabbit abundance in continuous and fragmented populations of central Spain. Acta Theriologica 48(1): 113–122. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03194271 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03194271
Wolf, C. & W. Ripple (2016). Prey depletion as a threat to the world’s large carnivores. Royal Society Open Science 3(8): 160252. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.160252 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.160252