Checklists of subfamilies Dryptinae and Panagaeinae (Insecta: Coleoptera: Carabidae) from the Indian subcontinent

: Distribution patterns and literature details of 45 Dryptinae and 33 Panagaeinae species reported from the Indian subcontinent are provided. Out of the 45 Dryptinae species, six species are endemic to the Western Ghats & Sri Lanka hotspot of biodiversity, two species are endemic to the Indo-Burma hotspot of biodiversity and two species are endemic to the Himalaya hotspot of biodiversity. Distribution patterns revealed that 24 Dryptinae species are endemic to the Indian subcontinent with 22 species recorded from the Oriental (ORR) region and two from the Palearctic (PAR) region. Out of the 33 Panagaeinae species, 20 species are endemic to the Indian subcontinent with 17 of these species distributed in the Oriental region; two in the Palearctic region and one species in both Oriental and Palearctic regions. Seven species are endemic to the Western Ghats & Sri Lanka hotspot of biodiveristy and two endemic to the Himalaya hotspot of biodiversity. Six Panagaeinae species and seven Dryptinae species recorded only from the Western Ghats and Sri Lanka hotspot of biodiversity are likely to be representatives of the Gondwana remnants. Genus Ardistomopsis with five species is endemic to the Indian subcontinent.


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World Catalogue of Carabidae  provided up to date nomenclatural information on Dryptinae and Panagaeinae and the Catalogue of Palearctic Coleoptera  provided countrywise details and related bibliographic references of Palearctic region. World Checklist of Panagaeinae (Hackel & Farkac 2012) provided country wise data including India for the subfamily Panagaeinae but no species specific regional distribution data. In general, lack of species specific regional distribution data and reference details hinders taxonomic analysis of the Dryptinae and Panagaeinae fauna of the Indian subcontinent. In this paper, we provide an up to date checklist of both subfamilies, with distribution and reference details of all species recorded in the Indian subcontinent (Indian mainland, Sri Lanka, and Bangladesh).

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Distribution data for each species was collected by verifying records and descriptions of listed species between the years of 1781 and 2020. Listed references were collected by analysing the primary literature, websites (e.g., Carabidae of the World, Catalogue of Life), and contacting various carabidologists. Data for 12 Panagaeinae species was collected by examination of the insect collections of host institutions from various forest insect diversity projects. Indian locality details of 65 species from the descriptions and records are provided, 13 species with no locality details in the descriptions are marked as from 'India', species from Oriental (ORR) and Palaeractic (PAR) localities of Indian subcontinent have been categorised as ORR -India/ PAR -India.
Specimens were collected from forests and agricultural lands in the south Indian states, Kerala and Tamil Nadu using light traps and by active collecting. Specimens were identified with the aid of keys available in Kavanaugh (2004, 2007), Hackel & Kirschenhofer (2014a,b), Fedorenko (2016), Jithmon & Sabu (2018)  Separation of the Indian species from the World catalogue of Carabidae  was done with the aid of Andrewes (1930), Farkac (2012), andLöbl &Löbl (2017) and by verifying the distribution pattern of each species in the cited literature. One species, Dischissus alaticollis Bates 1892 (Panagaeinae), known only from the Andamans is excluded from the list of species in Indian subcontinent.

Abbreviations and markings Used
id. "Idem" (the same; as just mentioned) ORR Oriental Region PAR Palaearctic Region IAR Indo-Australian Region * Species assessed by the authors. # Species with Indian regional distribution data not available.

Genus 4. Euschizomerus Chaudoir, 1850
Chaudoir , 1850: 413;Lacordaire, 1854: 212;Chaudoir, 1878: 157;Andrewes, 1930: 165;Kirschenhofer, 2000: 359;Lorenz, 2005: 322;Hackel & Farkac, 2012: 86; (Mani 1974;Courtillot et al. 1988;Sabu et al. 2008 Present study provides the distribution patterns and literature details of 45 Dryptinae and 33 Panagaeinae species reported from the Indian subcontinent. Primary aim of the present effort was to prepare a checklist with regional distribution patterns and reference details which will make it easier for taxonomists and will lead to more taxomonic works across the Indian subcontinent. Distribution records show poor representation of both the groups from Central and north western regions of the Indian subcontinent indicating the need for further taxonomic explorations. Additionally, our analysis revealed the presence of a large number of species endemic to the Indian mainland, local endemics (endemic to the hotspots of biodiveristy in India: the Western Ghats & Sri Lanka hotspot of biodiversity, the Indo Burma hotspot of biodiversity and the Himalaya hotspot of biodiversity), species confined to the PAR or ORR regions of Indian mainland and a few ancient species with possible Gondwana linkages which will attract the attention of evolutionary and conservation biologists also to these two lesser known subfamilies.