Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26
November 2019 | 11(14): 14876–14885
New
distribution records in the orchid flora of Tripura, India
Arjun Adit
1, Monika Koul 2 & Rajesh Tandon
3
1,3 Department
of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.
2 Department of
Botany, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.
1 arjun.adit878@gmail.com,
2 drmkoul@gmail.com, 3 tandon.raj@gmail.com
(corresponding author)
doi: https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.4613.11.14.14876-14885
Editor: Pankaj Kumar, Kadoorie
Farm and Botanic Gardern (KFGB) Corporation, Hong
Kong S.A.R., P.R. China. Date of publication: 26
November 2019 (online & print)
Manuscript details: #4613 | Received 05 October 2018
| Final received 30 October 2019 | Finally accepted 05 November 2019
Citation: Adit, A., M. Koul
& R. Tandon (2019). New distribution records in the orchid flora of
Tripura, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 11(14): 14876–14885; https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.4613.11.14.14876-14885
Copyright: © Adit et al. 2019. Creative Commons Attribution
4.0 International License. JoTT allows unrestricted use, reproduction, and
distribution of this article in any medium by adequate credit to the author(s)
and the source of publication.
Funding: Rufford Small Grants for
Nature Conservation.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing
interests.
Acknowledgements:
AA is thankful for the financial
assistance from the Rufford Small Grants for Nature
Conservation (25610-1), United Kingdom and the Junior Research Fellowship from
the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR). We are deeply grateful to the Forest
Department, Government of Tripura for providing logistics required during the
project besides the permission to conduct research in the state (No.F.2-61/For/Misc/Estt-2013/23009-019).
Abstract: Ten species of orchids belonging to eight genera are
recorded for the first time from Tripura State of India. The taxa include Bulbophyllum
affine Wall. ex Lindl., Bulbophyllum
lobbii Lindl., Coelogyne suaveolens
(Lindl.) Hook.f., Dendrobium
tortile Lindl., Micropera
pallida Lindl., Mycaranthes
floribunda (D.Don) S.C.Chen
& J.J.Wood, Pinalia
acervata (Lindl.) Kuntze, Pinalia globulifera (Seidenf.) A.N.Rao, Thelasis khasiana Hook.f. and Trichoglottis ramosa (Lindl.) Senghas. Geographical distribution along with detailed
descriptions and photographs of the recorded species are provided.
Keywords: Epiphytes, Indo-Malayan, new report, northeastern India, Orchidaceae.
Orchidaceae represents the largest
angiosperm family and is known to occupy a variety of niches, with growth forms
ranging from terrestrial to epiphytic and even underground (IUCN 2017). With over 1,300 species, orchids make up
nearly 9% of the Indian flora and represent the largest family of flowering
plants in India (ICAR-NRCO 2017). The northeastern region of India is recognized for its rich and
unexplored floristic diversity due to its placement in the Indo-Malayan
ecozone. The earlier record from the
state, the Flora of Tripura (Deb 1983) cites 33 orchid species. The publication, however, is more than 35
years old and the vegetation (floral species composition) of the state has
changed since then. There have been many
new orchid records from the neighboring states in the
northeastern region (Odyuo
et al. 2013, 2017; Chowlu et al. 2014; Nanda et al.
2014; Panday et al. 2014; Verma & Lavania 2014), however, only a few new records are
published from the state of Tripura (Das & Datta
2016; Panda et al. 2016). The present
report provides records of 10 orchid species which were earlier not known from
the state. The specimens were gathered
during field surveys conducted during the first half of 2018 and were
systematically identified using available literature (Kumar & Kumar 2005; Schuiteman et al. 2008; Chen et al. 2009; Agrawala & Chowdhery 2013;
Kumar et al. 2018).
Materials and
Methods
Extensive field surveys were
conducted in the forests of Tripura State between March and August 2018. Orchids were photographed and morphometric
data were gathered besides the GPS coordinates and details of habitat. Only one
orchid specimen representing each taxon was collected due to their threatened
status and low population size, and was pressed, treated with formalin and
prepared using standard method (de Vogel 1987; Bridson
& Forman 1992). These herbarium
specimens were deposited at the Delhi University Herbarium (DUH), India, and
accession numbers were noted down.
Comparisons between herbarium records were made using online portals
such as the Kew Herbarium Catalogue (http://apps.kew.org/herbcat/gotoHomePage.do)
and the Swiss Orchid Foundation at the Herbarium Jany
Renz (https://orchid.unibas.ch/index.php/en/database-search/advanced-search).
Taxonomic Treatment
Bulbophyllum affine Wall. ex Lindl.
Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl. 48. 1830; Sarcopodium affine (Wall. ex Lindl.) Lindl. & Paxton,
Paxton′s Fl. Gard. 1: 155. 1853; Phyllorkis
affinis (Wall. ex Lindl.)
Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2:
677. 1891; Bulbophyllum kusukusense
Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formosan. 4: 48, f. 19. 1914.
Type: Nepal, 1852, N. Wallich 1982 (K!)
Erect epiphytic herb; rhizome
sturdy, 0.5–0.8 cm in diameter; pseudobulbs erect, 6–8 cm apart, cylindrical,
2.5–3.5 cm in length, 0.8–1.2 cm in diameter; leaf solitary with entire margin,
petiole 1–2 cm long, lamina 14–16 x 2–3 cm, oblong with parallel venation, retuse apex and decurrent base; inflorescence consisting of
a single flower originating from the rhizome; flower pedicellate, bracteate,
2.0–2.5 cm long, zygomorphic; sepals and petals lanceolate with acute apices,
1.3–1.7 x 0.4–0.7 cm, white with longitudinal maroon stripes; lip lanceolate
with acute apex, 0.4–0.5 x 0.1–0.2 cm, orange to scarlet in color;
column slightly recurved, 0.5cm long, sessile; anther cap orange, pollinia 2,
cream yellow (Images 1, 11).
Flowering and Fruiting:
June–July.
Habitat: Found in a large
population growing on a single Balakata baccata (Roxb.) Esser tree in moist broadleaf forest adjacent to Tlangsang Village in Jampui
Hills.
Specimen examined: DUH 14443
(DUH), 7.vi.2018, Tlangsang, North District, Tripura,
India, 23.9060N, 92.2720E, 690m, coll. Arjun Adit 2121.
Other specimen examined: K001114844
(K), 1852, Nepal, coll. N. Wallich 1982.
Distribution: Bhutan, Cambodia,
India (throughout), Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, southern China, Taiwan, Thailand, and
Vietnam.
Bulbophyllum lobbii
Lindl.
Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 33: 29.
1847; Sarcopodium lobbii
(Lindl.) Lindl. &
Paxton, Paxton′s Fl. Gard. 1: 155. 1850; Sarcobodium
lobbii (Lindl.) Beer, Prakt. Stud. Orchid. 306. 1854; Phyllorkis
lobbii (Lindl.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 677.
1891; Phyllorchis lobbii
(Lindl.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 677. 1891. Type: Java, Pangerango, Lobb 312 (K-LINDL.)
Erect epiphytic herb; rhizome
sturdy, 1.0–1.5 cm in diameter; pseudobulbs erect, 10–15 cm apart, globose,
1.2–1.5 cm in length, 1.2–1.5 cm in diameter; leaf solitary with entire margin,
petiole 1.4–1.7 cm long, lamina 10–10.5 x 2---------------–3 cm, oblong with
parallel venation, acute apex and decurrent base; inflorescence consisting of a
single flower originating from rhizome; flower pedicellate, bracteate, 4.0–4.5
cm long, zygomorphic; sepals and petals lanceolate with acute apex, 2.5–3.0 x
0.7–1.1 cm, creamish-yellow with faint longitudinal
maroon stripes; lip triangulate with acute apex, 1.0–1.2 x 1.2–1.4 cm, white;
column slightly recurved, 0.8cm long, sessile; anther cap yellow, pollinia 2,
cream yellow (Images 2, 12).
Habitat: Growing on Cryptocarya amygdalina Nees and Magnolia montana
(Blume) Figlar trees in the moist broadleaf forest of
Phuldungsei in Jampui Hills
along with other epiphytes like Hoya lanceolata
Wall. ex D.Don, Mycaranthes
floribunda (D.Don) S.C.Chen
and Thelasis khasiana
Hook.f.
Flowering and Fruiting:
March–April.
Specimen examined: DUH 14444
(DUH), 19.iii.2018, Phuldungsei, North District,
Tripura, India, 23.8100N, 92.2610E, 923m, coll. Arjun Adit 2105.
Other specimen examined:
K000364608 (K!), Malaya, coll. Lobb s.n.
Distribution: Bangladesh,
Bhutan, Brunei, Cambodia, India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya,
Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim, and Tripura), Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar,
Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand.
Coelogyne suaveolens (Lindl.)
Hook.f.
Fl. Brit. India. 5: 832. 1890; Pholidota suaveolens Lindl., Gard. Chron. 1856: 372. 1856; Pleione suaveolens (Lindl.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 680.
1891. Type: India, 19 May 1856, Bishop Winchester s.n.
(K!)
Erect epiphytic herb; rhizome
sturdy, 0.8–1.0 cm in diameter; pseudobulbs erect, 7–9 cm apart, cylindrical,
5.5–6.0 cm in length, 2.0–2.5 cm in diameter; leaves two, with undulate margin,
petiole 3–3.5 cm long, lamina 19–20 x 3.2–3.5 cm, oblanceolate with parallel
venation, acuminate apex and decurrent base; Inflorescence synanthous,
consisting of 10–14 flowers in a raceme; flowers pedicellate, bracteate,
1.5–2.0 cm long, zygomorphic, white; bract one per flower, cymbiform,
brown in color; sepals and petals oblong with acute
apices, 1.2 – 1.5 x 0.5 – 0.8 cm, white; lip oblong with acute apex, 1.2–1.5 x
0.5–0.8 cm; lip keel lamellae crenate to dentate, longitudinally arranged,
yellow, four to five in number; column white recurved, 0.4cm long, sessile;
anther cap red, pollinia 2, yellow (Images 3, 13).
Habitat: Growing on Magnolia montana (Blume) Figlar tree
in moist broadleaf forest along with Pinalia
acervata (Lindl.) Kuntze at Vanghmun in Jampui Hills.
Flowering and Fruiting:
April–July
Specimen examined: DUH 14445
(DUH), 6.v.2018, Vanghmun, North District, Tripura,
India, 23.9760N, 92.2780E, 633m, coll. Arjun Adit 2114.
Other specimen examined:
K000079285 (K!), India, Bishop Winchester s.n.
Distribution: Bhutan, India
(Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim, and
Tripura), Laos, Myanmar, southern China, and Thailand.
Dendrobium tortile Lindl.
Gard. Chron. 1847: 797. 1847; Dendrobium
dartoisianum De Wild., Gard. Chron. 39: 380.
1906; Dendrobium haniffi Ridl.
ex Burkill, Gard. Bull. Straits Settlem.
3: 295. 1924. Type: June 1847, Veitch s.n. (K!)
Erect epiphytic herb;
non-rhizomatous; pseudobulb in form of erect cane with nodes, cylindrical,
30–40 cm in length, 1.0–1.5 cm in diameter;
leaves simple with entire margin, alternately arranged, sessile, lamina
10–13 x 1.3–1.5 cm, linear with parallel venation, acute apex and decurrent
base; inflorescence terminal in groups
of 2–4 flowers; flowers pedicellate, bracteate, 5–6 cm long, zygomorphic,
white; bract one per flower with papery texture, transparent 0.5–0.7 x 0.4–0.5
cm; sepals and petals lanceolate with acute apices, 3.0–3.5 x 0.4–0.6 cm,
twisted, white with purplish hue; lip tubular and enclosing the column with
acute apex, 2.5–2.8 x 2.0–2.5 cm, white, mentum
greenish white 0.5–0.8 cm long; column green, 0.3cm, sessile; anther cap green,
pollinia 2, cream (Images 4, 14).
Habitat: Growing on Tectona grandis L.f., Shorea robusta C.F. Gaertn., Dipterocarpus turbinatus
C.F. Gaertn., Artocarpus
chama Buch.-Ham., and Vitex altissima L.f. in moist
deciduous forests of Garji and Kumarghat
reserve forests.
Flowering and Fruiting:
February–May.
Specimen examined: DUH 14446
(DUH), 23.iii.2018, Garji Reserve Forest, Gomti District,
Tripura, India, 23.4380N, 91.4710E, 38m, coll. Arjun Adit 2107.
Other specimen examined:
K000596550 (K!), 3.ii.1926, Wangka, Kanburi,
Thailand, 15.1330N, 98.50E, 200m, coll. A.F.G. Kerr 0278.
Distribution: Bangladesh, India
(Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Manipur, Nagaland, and Tripura), Laos, Malaysia,
Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam.
Micropera pallida (Roxb.)
Lindl.
Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 18: 1522.
1833; Aerides pallida Roxb., Fl. Ind. (ed. 1832). 3: 475. 1832; Camarotis apiculata Rchb.f., Bonplandia. 5: 39. 1857;
Dendrocolla apiculata
Zoll. ex Rchb.f., Bonplandia. 5: 39. 1857; Camarotis
pallida Lindl., J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 3: 37.
1859; Sarcochilus cochinchinensis
G. Nicholson, Ill. Dict. Gard. 3: 360. 1886; Sarcochilus
roxburghii Hook.f., Fl.
Brit. India. 6: 36. 1890; Saccolabium saxicolum Ridl., Trans. Linn.
Soc. London, Bot. 3: 374. 1893; Sarcanthus apiculatus (Rchb.f.) J.J.
Sm., Orch. Java: 598. 1905; Sarcanthus thorelii Guillaumin, Bull.
Soc. Bot. France. 77: 331. 1930; Micropera apiculata (Rchb. f.) Garay, Bot. Mus. Leafl. 23: 186.
1972. Type: Bangladesh, Comilla, 7 September 1871, C.B. Clarke 14202 (K!).
Erect or hanging epiphytic
monopodial herb; non-rhizomatous; stem terete, 25–30 cm in length, 0.3–0.5 cm
in diameter; leaves simple with entire
margin, alternately arranged, sessile, lamina 7–10 x 0.8–1.0 cm, linear with
parallel venation, obtuse apex and sheathing base; inflorescence axillary and
drooping with 9–11 flowers; flowers pedicellate, bracteate, 1.0–1.5 cm long,
zygomorphic, yellow; bract one per flower, brown black; sepals and petals
obtuse with round apices, 0.5–0.6 x 0.2–0.3 cm, yellow; lip obtuse with acute
apex, 0.3–0.4 x 0.2–0.3 cm, yellow, spur yellowish-white 0.1–0.2 cm long;
column white, 0.1cm long, sessile; anther cap yellow at head and cream on tail,
pollinia 2, yellow (Images 5, 15).
Habitat: Growing on Mangifera indica L.
and Artocarpus hirsutus
Lam. in moist deciduous forests of Garji,
Maharani and Kumarghat reserve forests.
Flowering and Fruiting:
June–August.
Specimen examined: DUH 14447
(DUH), 9.vi.2018, Garji Reserve Forest, Gomti
District, Tripura, India, 23.3950N, 91.4400E, 23m, coll.
Arjun Adit 2122.
Other specimen examined:
K000974275 (K!), 7.ix.1871, Comilla, Bangladesh, coll. C.B. Clarke 14202.
Distribution: Bangladesh,
Brunei, Cambodia, India (throughout), Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar,
Thailand, and Vietnam.
Mycaranthes floribunda (D. Don) S.C. Chen & J.J.
Wood
Fl. China 25: 348. 2009; Dendrobium
floribundum D.Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 34. 1825; Eria
paniculata Lindl. in Wallich, Pl. Asiat. Rar. 1: 32. 1830; Pinalia
paniculata (Lindl.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 679.
1891. Callista floribunda (Rchb.f.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 654.
1891. Type: India, Sikkim, J.D. Hooker 67 (K!)
Erect epiphytic herb; stem
clustered without psuedobulbs; leaves simple with
entire margin, sessile, alternately arranged, lamina 12–14 x 0.4–0.5 cm, linear
with parallel venation, acuminate apex and sheathing base; inflorescences 2–3
in terminal position, consisting of 35–45 flowers in raceme; flowers
pedicellate, bracteate, 0.3–0.5 cm long, zygomorphic; bract one per flower,
green; sepals ovate with acute apices, 0.2–0.3 x 0.1–0.2 cm, yellowish green;
petals ovate with acute apices, 0.2–0.3 x 0.1–0.2 cm, white with purple spots;
lip rectangular with blunt apex, 0.2–0.3 x 0.1–0.2 cm, with cream colored protrusion; column white, 0.1cm long, sessile; anther
cap cream, pollinia 8, cream (Images 6, 16).
Habitat: Growing on Cryptocarya amygdalina Nees and Magnolia montana
(Blume) Figlar trees in moist broadleaf forest of Phuldungsei in Jampui Hills along
with other epiphytes like Hoya lanceolata Wall.
ex D.Don, Bulbophyllum
lobbii Lindl., and Thelasis khasiana Hook.f.
Flowering and Fruiting: May–June
Specimen examined: DUH 14448
(DUH), 7.v.2018, Phuldungsei, North District,
Tripura, India, 23.8100N, 92.2610E, 923m, coll. Arjun Adit 2115.
Other specimen examined:
K001114827 (K!), Pundua, Bangladesh, coll. F.
De Silva 1971.
Distribution: Bangladesh,
Bhutan, Cambodia, India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram,
Nagaland, Sikkim, and Tripura), Laos, Myanmar, southern China, Thailand, and
Vietnam.
Pinalia acervata (Lindl.)
Kuntze
Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 679. 1891; Eria acervata Lindl., J. Hort. Soc. London. 6: 58. 1851; Eria poilanei Gagnep., Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 23: 310. 1930; Dendrobium
seriatum Wall. ex Hook.f.,
Fl. Brit. India. 5: 796. 1890. Type: Cambodia, 14 August 1928, M. Poilane 15285 (P!)
Erect epiphytic herb; arhizomatous; pseudobulbs erect, clustered, conical,
3.5–4.0 cm in length, 1.0–1.5 cm in diameter; Leaves simple with entire margin,
sessile, lamina 14–18 x 1.0–1.2 cm, linear with parallel venation, acuminate
apex and sheathing base; inflorescence synanthous,
consisting of 8–10 flowers in raceme; flowers pedicellate, bracteate, 1.6–1.8
cm long, zygomorphic; Bract one per flower, green; sepals and petals ovate with
acuminate apices, 1.2–1.4 x 0.2–0.3 cm, white; lip broadly cuneate with acute
apex, 1.2–1.5 x 0.5–0.8 cm with cream colored
ornamentation, mentum 0.2–0.3 cm long; column white,
0.4 cm long, sessile; anther cap lemon yellow, pollinia 8, yellow (Images 7,
17).
Habitat: Growing on Magnolia montana (Blume) Figlar tree
in moist broadleaf forest along with Coelogyne
suaveolens (Lindl.) Hook.f. at Vanghmun in Jampui Hills.
Flowering and Fruiting:
June–July.
Specimen examined: DUH 14449
(DUH), 6.vi.2018, Vanghmun, North District, Tripura,
India, 23.9760N, 92.2780E, 633m, coll. Arjun Adit 2120.
Other specimen examined:
K000596933 (K!), 22.vi.1915, Chiangmai, Thailand,
coll. A.F.G. Kerr s.n.
Distribution: Bhutan, Cambodia,
India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Sikkim, and
Tripura), Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, southern China, Thailand, and Vietnam.
Pinalia globulifera
(Seidenf.) A.N.Rao
Bull. Arunachal Forest Res. 26:
103. 2010; Eria globulifera
Seidenf., Opera Bot. 62: 125. 1982. Type:
Thailand, Doi Pae Poe,
1982, Seidenfaden GT 7317 (C!)
Erect epiphytic herb; arhizomatous; pseudobulbs erect, clustered, cylindrical,
6–7 cm in length, 1.8–2.0 cm in diameter; Leaves four, simple, with entire
margin, alternately arranged with negligible internodal distance, petiole
1.5–2.0 cm long, lamina 15–17 x 2.5–2.7 cm, oblanceolate with parallel
venation, acuminate apex and decurrent base; inflorescences terminal, two in
number, with 70–90 flowers in each globular raceme; flowers pedicellate,
bracteate, 0.5–0.6 cm long, zygomorphic; bract one per flower, white; sepals
and petals ovate with acute apex, 0.2 x 0.2 cm, white; lip ovate with acute
yellow apex, 0.2 x 0.2 cm; column white, 0.1cm long, sessile; anther cap
yellow, pollinia 8, yellow (Images 8, 18).
Habitat: Growing on a Syzygium cumini (L.)
Skeels tree in moist broadleaf forest along with Coelogyne fimbriata Lindl. at Vanghmun in Jampui Hills.
Flowering and Fruiting:
July–September.
Specimen examined: DUH 14450
(DUH), 14.vii.2018, Phuldungsei, North District,
Tripura, India, 23.8130N, 92.2590E, 845m, coll. Arjun Adit 2126.
Distribution: Bhutan, Cambodia,
India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir,
Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim, Tripura, and Uttarakhand), Laos,
Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam.
Thelasis khasiana
Hook.f.
Fl. Brit. India. 6: 87. 1890; Thelasis pygmaea var.
khasiana (Hook.f.) Schltr. Mem. Herb. Boissier. 21:
71. 1900. Type: India, Khasia Mts., Lobb s.n. (K!)
Erect epiphytic herb; rhizome
short; pseudobulbs erect, 0.5–1.0 cm apart, ovoid, 1.1–1.3 cm in length,
0.8–1.0 cm in diameter; leaves or sometimes with a second smaller leaf, simple
with entire margin, petiole 1.2–1.5 cm long, lamina 6.5–6.9 x
1.1-----------------–1.3 cm, lanceolate with parallel venation, acute apex and
decurrent base; inflorescence synanthous in form of
raceme originating from the base of pseudobulb; flower pedicellate, bracteate,
0.3–0.4 cm long, zygomorphic; Sepals and petals lanceolate with acute apices,
0.1–0.2 x 0.1–0.2 cm, yellowish-green; lip ovate-lanceolate with acute apex,
0.1–0.3 x 0.1–0.2 cm, yellowish green; column slightly recurved, 0.1cm long,
sessile; anther cap green; pollinia 2, yellow (Images 9, 19).
Habitat: Found on Cryptocarya amygdalina Nees tree in the moist broadleaf forest of Phuldungsei in Jampui Hills along
with other epiphytes like Hoya lanceolata
Wall. ex D. Don, Bulbophyllum lobbii Lindl. and Mycaranthes floribunda (D.Don)
S.C. Chen.
Flowering and Fruiting:
July–August.
Specimen examined: DUH 14451
(DUH), 14.vii.2018, Phuldungsei, North District,
Tripura, India, 23.8100N, 92.2610E, 923m, coll. Arjun Adit 2125.
Other specimen examined:
K000891232 (K!), 18.ix.1850, Below Paurany,
India, coll. J.D. Hooker and T. Thomson s.n.
Distribution: India (Assam,
Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim, and Tripura), Laos, Myanmar,
southern China, Thailand, and Vietnam.
Trichoglottis ramosa
(Lindl.) Senghas
F.R.R. Schlechter,
Orchideen Beschreib. Kult. Zücht., ed. 3, 1: 1315.
1988; Staurochilus ramosus
(Lindl.) Seidenf. Opera
Bot. 95: 95. 1988; Oeceoclades flexuosa Lindl., Gen. Sp.
Orchid. Pl.: 236. 1833; Saccolabium ramosum Lindl., Gen. Sp.
Orchid. Pl. 224. 1833; Saccolabium flexuosum Lindl., J. Proc.
Linn. Soc., Bot. 3: 36. 1859; Saccolabium flexuosum (Lindl.) Rchb.f. in W.G. Walpers, Ann.
Bot. Syst. 6: 886. 1864; Aerides ramosa (Lindl.) Wall. ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 6: 72. 1890; Cleisostoma
ramosum Hook.f., Fl.
Brit. India. 6: 72. 1890; Gastrochilus flexuosus (Lindl.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 661.
1891; Gastrochilus ramosus
(Lindl.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 661. 1891; Sarcanthus
ramosus (Hook.f.) J.J.Sm., Natuurw. Tijdschr. Ned.–Indië. 72: 92.
1912; Pomatocalpa ramosum
(Lindl.) Summerh., Kew
Bull. 56. 1948. Type: India, Ganges delta, Wallich
Icon no. 654 (K!)
Erect or hanging monopodial
epiphytic herb; leaves simple with entire margin, alternately arranged,
sessile, lamina 10–17 x 0.8–1.2 cm, linear with parallel venation, emarginate
apex and sheathing base; inflorescence branched, erect and terminal with 20–30
flowers on each side branch; flowers pedicellate, bracteate, 0.6–0.7 cm long,
zygomorphic, brick red; bract one per flower, brown; sepals and petals
oblanceolate with acute apex, 0.3–0.4 x 0.1 cm, brick red; lip rectangular with
truncate apex, 0.2–0.3 x 0.1 cm, white with purple spot at the apex and yellow
spot near the base, spur white 0.2–0.3 cm long; column pink, 0.1cm long,
sessile; anther cap yellow, pollinia 2, yellow (Images 10, 20).
Habitat: Found growing on Melaleuca
viminalis (Sol. ex Gaertn.)
Byrnes in close association with Acampe praemorsa (Roxb.) Blatt.
& McCann and Rhynchostylis retusa
(L.) Blume in moist deciduous forest of Clouded Leopard National Park and Sepahijala Wildlife Sanctuary.
Flowering and Fruiting:
April–July
Specimen examined: DUH 14452
(DUH), 11.v.2018, Clouded Leopard National Park, Sepahijala
District, Tripura, India, 23.6750N, 91.3200E, 47m, coll.
Arjun Adit 2117.
Other specimen examined:
K000364567 (K!), Sikkim, India, coll. J.D. Hooker s.n.
Distribution: Bangladesh,
Bhutan, India (except Jammu & Kashmir, Laddakh,
Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand), Myanmar and Thailand.
References
Agrawala, D.K. & H.J. Chowdhery (2013). Morphological diversity within
the genus Eria (Orchidaceae)
in India. Richardiana 13: 184–197.
Bridson, D. & L. Forman (1992). The Herbarium Handbook.
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 346pp.
Chen, S.C.,
Z.J. Liu, G.H. Zhu, K.Y. Lang, Z.H. Tsi, Y.B. Luo,
X.H. Jin, J.C. Philip, J.J. Wood, S.W. Gale, P.
Ormerod, J.J. Vermeulen, H.P. Wood, D. Clayton & A. Bell (2009). Orchidaceae,
pp. 1–507. In: Wu, Z.Y., P.H.
Raven & D.Y. Hong (eds.). Flora of China. Vol. 25 (Orchidaceae). Science
Press, Beijing and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, 570pp.
Chowlu, K., S.M. Kamalesh, H.B. Sharma, R. Ngapui, A.N. Rao & S.P. Vij
(2014). Bulbophyllum dickasonii
Seidenf. (Orchidaceae):
a new record for India with a complete morphological description. Kew
Bulletin 69: 1–4.
Das, D.
& B.K. Datta (2016). Spiranthes
sinensis (Persoon) Ames
[Orchidaceae] – a new record for Tripura in NE India.
Pleione 10: 396–399.
de Vogel,
E.F. (1987). Manual
of Herbarium Taxonomy: Theory and Practice. UNESCO, Jakarta, x+164pp.
Deb, D.B.
(1983). Flora of
Tripura State, Volume II. Today and Tomorrow’s Printers and Publishers, New
Delhi, 634pp.
ICAR-NRCO
(2017). ICAR-NRCO:
At a glance. ICAR-NRC for Orchids, Pakyong, Sikkim,
56pp.
IUCN (2017). 2016–2017 SSC Orchid Specialist
Group Report. IUCN, 2pp.
Kumar, C.S.
& P.S. Kumar (2005). An orchid digest of Manipur, northeastern
India. Rheedea 15: 1–70.
Kumar, P.,
S.W. Gale, T. Phaxaysombath, S. Bouamanivong
& G.A. Fischer (2018). Additions to the orchid flora of Laos and taxonomic notes on orchids of
the Indo-Burma region. Taiwania 63:
61–83.
Nanda, Y.,
K. Chowlu & A.N. Rao (2014). Dendrobium hesperis
(Seidenfaden) Schuiteman &
Adams - a new orchid record to North-East India from Manipur, India. Pleione
8: 523–525.
Odyuo, N., D.K. Roy, C. Deori & R. Daimary (2013). Ceratostylis radiate (Orchidaceae)
– A new record to the Indian flora. Rheedea
23: 43–45.
Odyuo, N., R. Daimary & C. Deori
(2017). Liparis formosana
(Orchidaceae) – A New Addition to the Orchid Flora of India.
Journal of Japanese Botany 92: 53–56.
Panda, S.P.,
B.K. Singh, M.U. Sharief, S.S. Hameed & A. Pramanik (2016). The genus Zeuxine
Lindl. (Orchidaceae) in
Tripura State, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 8(14): 9675–9677. https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.2843.8.14.9675-9677
Panday, S.,
D. Verma, S.K. Singh & B.K. Sinha (2014). Three new distributional records
of orchids from Mizoram. Nelumbo 56: 252–254.
Schuiteman, A., P. Bonnet, B. Svengsuksa & D. Barthélémy (2008). An annotated checklist of the Orchidaceae of Laos. Nordic Journal of Botany 26:
257–316.
Verma, D. & S. Lavania (2014). Additions to the Orchid Flora of
Meghalaya, India. Richardiana 15: 105–114.